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Showing posts with label Dales Cone of Experience. Show all posts Showing posts with label Dales Cone of Experience. Show all posts
SUNDAY, JANUARY 12, 2014

Dales Cone of Experience

What is Dales Cone of Experience?


The Cone was originally developed by Edgar Dale in 1946 and was intended as a way to describe various learning experiences. The diagram presented to the right (Raymond S. Pastore, Ph.D) is a modification of Dales original Con e; the percentages given relate to how much people remember and is a rece nt modification. Essentially, the Cone shows the progression of experiences f rom the most concrete (at the bottom of the cone) to the most abstract (at t he top of the cone). It is important to note that Dale never intended the Con e to depict a value judgment of experiences; in other words, his argument w as not that more concrete experiences were better than more abstract ones. Dale believed that any and all of the approaches could and should be used, d epending on the needs of the learner.

How should the Cone be interpreted?

The figure above shows what students will be able to do at each level of the Cone (the learning outcomes they will be able to achieve) relative to the typ e of activity they are doing (reading, hearing, viewing images, etc.). The nu merical figures on the left side of the image, what people will generally reme mber, indicate that practical, hands-on experience in a reallife context will allow students to remember best what they do. Again, it is i mportant to remember that this doesnt mean reading and listening are not valuable learning experiences, simply that doing the real thing can lead to the retention of the largest amount of information. This is in part because th ose experiences near the bottom of the Cone, closer to and including realworld experiences, make use of more of our senses; it is believed that the m ore senses that are used, the greater our ability to learn from and remember an event or experience.

How can Dales Cone be used to enhance SL l earning?

As stated above, the Cone should not be interpreted as indicating that teach ers shouldnt make use of reading, listening, viewing experiences and the lik e. These are all valuable and important parts of learning a second language and all have a place in the BSLIM model. What should be taken from reviewing Dales Cone of Experience is that experiences at ALL of the levels described should be used in t he second language classroom. Just as Gardner describes the Multiple Int elligences and appealing to them all, Dales Cone emphasizes learning experi ences that appeal to the different senses and the different ways in which we learn.
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