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Led to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Program. Since then there have been many conventions, conferences and agreements
on the Environment.
30,000 people on attendance, including media and interested parties Attended by 172 governments with 108 sending their Head of State or
Government.
2,400 Representatives of NGOs 10,000 journalists from all over the world. Unprecedented for a United Nation Conference both in terms of size of
attendance and the scope of concerns
All nations accepted without change the Rio Declaration Created new international networks to carry out and oversee implementation
of the agreements.
Highly criticized as Broad, Non-Binding, and a mere document having no teeth. The Stockholm Declaration (1972), The Rio Declaration (1992), Johannesburg
Declaration (Rio+10 Earth Summit 2002), The Future We Want (Rio+20 Earth Summit 2012) which were issued by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, enjoined states to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction do not cause environmental damage to other states or areas.
The declaration builds upon the basic ideas concerning the attitudes of
individuals and nations towards the environment and development
Environment, adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972, and seeking to build upon it, With the goal of establishing a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of cooperation among States, key sectors of societies and people, Working towards international agreements which respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the global environmental and developmental system, Recognizing the integral and interdependent nature of the Earth, our home,
Proclaims the:
The 27 Principles of the Rio Declaration
A compact set of 27 principles: The Role of Man (Principle 1); The importance of the environment for current and future
generations and its equal footing with development (Principles 3 and 4);
The primacy of poverty eradication (Principle 5); the special consideration given to developing countries
(Principle 6);
concerned citizens, at the relevant level. At the national level, each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment that is held by public authorities, including information on hazardous materials and activities in their communities, and the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. States shall facilitate and encourage public awareness and participation by making information widely available. Effective access to judicial and administrative proceedings, including redress and remedy, shall be provided.
Principle 13. Compensation for Victims of Pollution and other Environmental Damage
States shall develop national law regarding liability and compensation
for the victims of pollution and other environmental damage. States shall also cooperate in an expeditious and more determined manner to develop further international law regarding liability and compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction.
SUMMARY
The Rio Declaration states that the only way to have long term economic
progress is to link it with environmental protection. This will only happen if nations establish a new and equitable global partnership involving governments, their people and key sectors of societies. They must build international agreements that protect the integrity of the global environmental and the developmental system.