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Neutriderm

Vitamin E
Moisturising Lotion
ALL SKIN TYPES

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VITAMIN E PHOSPHATES

science behind the biofunctional activity

Protective Effect of -tocopheryl -6-OPhosphate Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in Cultured Mouse Skin
Satomi Nakayama, Eiko M. Katoh,nToshi Tsuzuki,n and Shizuko Kobayashi Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy,Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; nCentral Research Laboratory, Showa Denko Co., Ltd, Chiba City, Japan

The extraordinary antioxidant activity of vitamin E phosphate

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiteit Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, NL 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands b Department of Medical Oncology,Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, NL 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Received 5 September 2003; received in revised form 8 March 2004; accepted 31 March 2004
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Bashir M. Rezka, Guido R.M.M.Haenena, Wim J.F. van der Vijgha,b, Aalt Basta,*

On the Existence of Cellular Tocopheryl Phosphate, its Synthesis,Degradation and Cellular Roles: A Hypothesis
Yesim Negis,2 Jean-Marc Zingg,1 Esra Ogru,3 Robert Gianello,4 Roksan Libinaki4 and Angelo Azzi1 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 3Phosphagenics Ltd, 90 William St, Melbourne Vic, 3000, Australia 4Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia

Modulation of cell proliferation and gene expression by -tocopheryl phosphates: relevance to atherosclerosis and inflammation
Adelina Munteanua, 1, Jean-Marc Zingga, 1, Esra Ogrub, Roksan Libinakic, Robert Gianelloc, Simon Westb, Yesim Negisa and Angelo Azzi
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-Tocopheryl phosphate: A novel, natural form of vitamin E

Robert Gianelloa, Roksan Libinakia, Angelo Azzib, Paul D. Gavina, Yesim Negisb, Jean-Marc Zinggb, Phillip Holtc, Hooi-Hong Keaha, Annike Griffeya, Andrew Smallridged, Simon M. Weste, Esra Ogrue,*
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Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bhlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland b Phosphagenics Ltd, Melbourne 3000, Australia c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia Received 31 March 2004.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia b Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland c Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia d School of Molecular Sciences, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne City, MC 8001, Australia e Phosphagenics Ltd., 90 William Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia Received 15 March 2005; revised 12 May 2005; accepted 12 May 2005

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SKIN as an organ
The skin is the largest organ in the body and is more complex than it appears on the surface. It is constantly being exposed to environmental sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as Ultravoilet (UV) rays, Ozone, Halogenated hydrocarbons and smoke. The relationship between cantaneous oxidative damage induced by UV irradiation and ROS has been well documented The reflection of our external skin determines the internal heath of our skin. If we see changes in skin texture, loss of moisture, elasticity, pliability or in appearance of condition such as acne, eczema or psoriasis, all these point to underlying imbalances in the working of the body. The skin is composed of the outer epidermis and the underlying dermis. We can perceive the outer surface of the skin which protects us from light, heat, infections. The dermis is composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fiber hair follicles, oil glands, the ducts of sweat glands and a small amount of fatty tissue. The collagens and the elastic fibers support our skin with its qualities like elasticity. It helps to get stretched and return to the original form. Oil glands secrete sebum, a substance that keeps the skin soft and pliable and prevents excessive moisture evaporation from the skins surface. Sweat glands secrete sweat and thus plays a major role in regulating the mechanism of body temperature and eliminating waste.

VITAMIN E phosphate
The beneficial use of vitamins in general, and specifically vitamin E, continues to be an active area in dermatology and cosmetic science. It is clear that vitamin E, especially in the form of -tocopherol, is a potent anti-oxidant and is widely used by the body to protect lipids in cell membranes from oxidative damage1. However, the role of vitamin E in skin is much less clear, both from an understanding of its intrinsic role as well as clear demonstration of clinically relevant, in-vivo benefits2. -Tocopherol is stored in the liver and adipose tissue. In the liver it is bound and transferred by a specific cytosolic protein, -tocopherol transfer protein (-TTP). When circulated through plasma, tocopherol is transported by several forms of lipoproteins including very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL)3. It is believed that most -tocopherol is delivered through HDLs to cells for use in the membrane or within the cell.4 It is not unreasonable to assume that when delivered topically, -tocopherol needs to associate with a transport protein to gain access to the dermis, especially the fibroblasts, unless some other delivery vehicle is provided in the formulation.5 Another significant formulation challenge is to keep -tocopherol stable until use. The most common approach is to use the ester -tocopheryl acetate. Although the ester is more stable than -tocopherol, it has a different efficacy profile. For instance, it has been shown that -TTP binds -tocopherol to an extent more than 50 times greater than -tocopheryl acetate.3 A second approach to vitamin and drug stabilization is phosphorylation.6 Phosphorylation is the transformation of an alcohol to a phosphate ester through transfer of a phosphoryl group (-PO3H2). Phosphorylation is commonly used by the body, usually through the phosphorylating agent adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Evidence has been found for tocopherol phosphate in common foods as well as present in humans, indicating that phosphorylation of tocopherol is a natural process.7 This study also showed that feeding with tocopherol phosphate enhances both tocopherol and tocopherol phosphate levels. It has also been shown that phosphorylated vitamin C is accumulated into cells as vitamin C.8 Phosphorylation does more than just provide a chemically stable storage form of Vitamin E. Tocopherol phosphate has been shown to have significant anti-proliferative activity for rat aortic smooth muscle cells in-vitro; this assay is used as a screen for agents to combat arteriosclerosis.7 Very recently, work in several laboratories has shown that tocopherol phosphate inhibits oxidized LDL uptake, another key process in arterial plaque formation.9

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PHOTO aging
The aging process of the skin can be divided into intrinsic aging and photoaging. Damage to human skin due to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun (photoaging) and damage occurring because of the passage of time (chronologic aging) are considered distinct entities rather than similar skin aging processes. Clinically naturally aged skin is smooth, pale, and finely wrinkled. In contrast, photoaged skin is coarsely wrinkled and associated with dyspigmentation and telangiectasia. The most dramatic histologic differences between intrinsic aging and photoaging occur within the dermis. Alternation in collagen is the basic cause of the clinical changes observed in photoaged and naturally aged skin. The collagen is of many types in which Type I and Type III are of importance. The dermis is predominately Type I collagen (85%-90%) with lesser amounts of Type III collagen (10%-15%). When our skin is exposed to ultra-violet rays, it has been observed that the biosynthesis of collagen gets hampered and there is an increase in the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases which in turn destroys the collagen. It has been observed that collagen synthesis is more hampered due to exposure to ultra-violet rays. In a trial conducted in Japan10, it was well established that (UV) irradiation causes skin photo-damage, including dry skin. An application of novel water soluble Vitamin E prevented UV induced damages to the skin. In another trial it was established that the enhanced ability of Vitamin E phosphate to protect against ultraviolet B-induced skin damage the protection was greater than that seen with vitamin E acetate11. This result was due to Noval water soluble Vitamin E phosphate12.
*Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006 Sep;126(9):677-93.

NUTRIENTS for healthy skin

The powerful indication of health is the skin. Wrinkles, dry skin, oily skin, acne and inflammation are the signs of poor internal health. The cause may be due to imbalanced food intake. To cover up the problems of skin, people often depend on OTC cosmetics like Toners, Scrubs and Creams. In the later stages, they realize that expensive cosmetic-laden-beauty does little to address the root cause. Recent research13 has shown that the skin reacts particularly well to certain vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that nourishes the skin and prevents the aging process. We take this opportunity to spell out a few benefits of other nutrients when used in topical applications.
*The Journal of Investigative Dermatology reported in February 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology 2002,

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VITAMIN E
Amongst the group of vitamins, Vitamin E has been a topic of discussion whether as a vitamin or as an antioxidant. From the Hope study for cardiovascular benefits to the protective effect against UV rays, Vitamin E had its journey proving its efficacy and safety. Vitamin E is the collective term for a family of chemical substances that are structurally and, in some cases, biologically related to the best known member of this family, alpha-tocopherols, a fat soluble vitamin. The Vitamin E family of molecules can be divided into two groups, the tocopherols and the tocotrienols. Naturally, Vitamin E exists in eight different forms: four tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol) and four tocotrienols (alpha- beta- gamma- and delta-tocotrienol). The difference between Tocopherols & Tocotrienols is in the chiral centers. Vitamin E is found in plants, animals and in some green, brown and blue/green algae. Vitamin E is also found in unrefined edible vegetable oils, including wheat germ, safflower, sunflower, cottonseed, canola and olive oil. The beneficial use of vitamins in general and specifically Vitamin E, continues to be an active area of discussion and in areas of research in dermatology as well as cosmetic science. It is clear that Vitamin E especially in the form of -tocopherol, is an extraordinary anti-oxidant14 and is widely used by the body to protect lipids in cell membranes from oxidative damage.

VITAMIN E topical application

-Tocopherol is stored in the liver and adipose tissue. In the liver it is bound and transferred by a specific cytosolic protein, -tocopherol transfer protein (-TTP). When circulated through plasma, tocopherol is transported by several forms of lipoproteins including very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). It is believed that most of -tocopherol is delivered through HDLs to cells for use in the membrane or within the cell. It is not unreasonable to assume that when delivered topically, -tocopherol needs to associate with a transport protein to gain access to the dermis, especially the fibroblasts, unless some other delivery vehicle is provided in the formulation. The most common approach is to use the ester -tocopheryl acetate. Although the ester is more stable than -tocopherol, it has a different efficacy profile. For instance, it has been shown that -TTP binds to tocopherol 50 times greater than -tocopheryl acetate. A second approach to vitamin and drug stabilization is phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is the transformation of an alcohol to a phosphate ester through transfer of a phosphoryl group (-PO3H2). Phosphorylation is commonly used by the body, usually through the phosphorylating agent adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Evidence has been found for tocopherol phosphate in common foods as well as present in humans, indicating that phosphorylation of tocopherol is a natural process7. Since phosphorylation makes -tocopherol more hydrophilic, it is treated with a complexing agent, disodium laurimino dipropionate, to approximate the natural lipoprotein complex of -tocopherol to facilitate delivery to the appropriate areas of the dermis.
*E Ogru, R Gianello, R Libinaki, R Bak, A Smallridge, D Kannar and S West, Vitamin E Phosphate: An Endogenous Form Of Vitamin E, Free Rad Res, in press.

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TOCOPHERYL PHOSPHATE

advantages of topical application

Bio-Available: No lag time to get absorbed. Immediately bio-available, it needs no enzymatic processing required to generate an active form unlike tocopherol acetate. Inhibits inflammation: Tocopheryl phosphate inhibits inflammatory pathways in human monocytes cell culture. Inhibits CD-3 mRNA & protein expressions.

Tocopheryl phosphate is a naturally occurring metabolically active tocopherol found in the tissue. It is also found in wheat germ oil and olive oil. When Vitamin E is used in a natural form, it has excellent absorption properties and helps to inhibit inflammatory pathways. The following benefits can be seen by using Tocopheryl phosphate
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TPm TPm (( M) M)

Excellent penetration: Vitamin E Phosphate penetrates the skin where it is converted into free tocopheryl to release the natural benefits of Vitamin E. Antioxidant Effect: Tocopheryl Phospate acts as an antioxidant through a non free radical scavenging mechanism involving membrane stabilization.

The extraordinary antioxidant activity of Vitamin E Phosphate Bashir M. Rezka, Guido R.M.M. Haenena , Wim J.F. van der Vijgha,b , Aalt Bastaa,*,
Department of Pharmacology and Taxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universities Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, NL 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands Department ofMedical Oncology, Vrije Universitiet Medical Center, De Boeleloon 1117, NL 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Received 5 September 2003, received in revised form 8 March 2004; accepted 31 March 2004

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DISODIUM

laurimino dipropionate tocopheryl phosphate

Disodium laurimino dipropionate tocopheryl phosphate is a new unique bio-functional Vitamin E Phosphate complex which delivers proven antierythemal and antiinflammatory benefits in sun care skin treatment and colour cosmetics. The technology relies on a process known as phosphorylation, which increases the biological effectiveness of compounds by keeping them stable until needed by the body. The complexation of the phosphorylated compound allows more efficient delivery of the compound to the body topically. US clinical trials have shown much greater efficacy in both the prevention and amelioration of redness from UV exposure when topically applied to the skin at a level of 1% in an emulsion compared to Vitamin E Acetate.

CLINICAL benefits
In Vivo studies have demonstrated that the biological activity of tocopheryl phosphates described in the academic literature is effectively delivered to skin by Disodium laurimino dipropionate tocopheryl phosphate. The clinical studies show the significant efficacy of Disodium laurimino dipropionate tocopheryl phosphate as an effective active technology for 15 sensitive and irritated skin.
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Conclusion
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Vitamin E Phosphate is effective at both prevention and remediation of UV induced erythema Vitamin E Phosphate is more effective in prevention than remediation Vitamin E Phosphate is more effective than Vitamin E Acetate
1-ME Rerek, OH Mills, R Verdiccchio, and S West, Disodium Lauriminodipropionate Tocopheryl Phosphates: A Potent New Anti-Inflammatory, Cosmet. & Toil., 118 63-68 (2003). Cosmetic Science Technology 2004

UV induced irritation Acne Shaving irritation / Sensitive skin

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TOPICAL ANTIOXIDANT

concept
The primary functions of Vitamin E is protective. Vitamin E works in conjunction with other antioxidants. Vitamin E protects biological molecules and cell membranes from oxidative damage. When oxidative damage occurs to the membranes of cells, they lose their ability to regulate mineral movement in and out of their interior. Since control of mineral concentrations inside cells is critical for all cellular functions, Vitamin E, and other antioxidants must be maintained at physiologic levels in the skin to ensure normal cell functions. Low Vitamin E skin levels have been associated with an increased risk of developing premature skin aging. Recent research on Vitamin E which attracts the most interest is the prevention of lipid peroxidation. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active tocopherol against peroxyl radicals. The anti-oxidant activity of Vitamin E is based on the ease with which the hydrogen on the hydroxyl group of the chroman ring can be donated to neutralize a free radical. Human studies have convincingly demonstrated, pronounced photo-protective effects of natural and synthetic antioxidants when applied topically before UVR exposure. Particularly with respect to UVB-induced skin damage such as erythema formation, the photo-protective effects of antioxidants are significant when applied in distinct mixtures in appropriate vehicles. UVA-induced skin alterations are believed to be largely determined by oxidative processes. Topical administration of antioxidants might be particularly promising. In fact, topical application of antioxidants or antioxidant mixtures resulted in a remarkable increase in the minimal dose to induce immediate pigment darkening after UVA exposure and diminished the severity of UVA-induced photo-dermatoses in humans.

Though most people feel that they are having a balanced diet, the fact is that there are incidences reported of sub clinical nutritional deficiencies around the world. It is estimated that 50% of the US population has at least one or two marginal nutritional deficiencies regardless of socio-status. These deficiencies add to the aging process.Clinically proven topical antioxidants can halt the wrinkling of the skin. Antioxidants are substances that quench free radicals. Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons. Molecules are the basic building blocks in nature such as oxygen, fatty acid, amino acids, glucose and DNA. These molecules are together held with electrons. Stable molecules are held in pairs but if it is unpaired it becomes unstable and reactive. This reactive molecule part is known as a free radical. Antioxidants are compounds that sacrifice themselves to oxygen thus preventing it from reacting with other electrons. Functionally they protect the body but also stimulate immune response to fight existing diseases. The antioxidant activity of Vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes from oxidation thus protecting cell membranes from destruction by free oxygen radicals. Vitamin E has specific binding sites on cell membranes especially the d-alpha tocopherol form.

Schematic diagram of the action of Vitamin E on lipid peroxidation the termination of a radial chain reaction

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COMPARABLE

benefits

in pregnancy

USE OF VITAMIN E PHOSPHATE

In a clinical study performed to evaluate pre and post UV induced erythema observed that the average erythema score was less than 1% when compared to Vitamin E Acetate. The study protocol was as follows: Skin exposed to 2 MED of UV light on day 1, for 3 consecutive days with 150 ml product in cm2 occluded. The exposed part was evaluated against placebo, Vitamin E Acetate an Vitamin E Phosphate. Evaluation was done on the 4th day and it was observed that with Vitamin E Phosphate erythematic sore was less compared to Vitamin E Acetate.

Evidence has been found for the presence of tocopherol phosphate in common foods, plants such as almonds, apple, olive oil, spinach, peas, peanut, broccoli, sunflower seed, cheddar, chocolate, brie etc as well as in human tissues indicating that phosphorylation of tocopherol is a natural process. 7, 12 Since Vitamin E is found in Human body tissues and foods that we eat (human body needs 3 essentials - fats, protein & carbohydrates), it is safe on pregnant woman. No clinical study has been done, nor will ever be done on pregnant woman for Vitamin E or any other product.

In stretch marks What are Stretch marks?

Stretch marks, also known as stria atrophica and striae distensae, are tears in the dermis. Stretch marks are often falsely classified as scars, though they are not. ... they are not scars because they are not comprised of fibrotic tissue. Instead, stretch marks represent a flattened, thin epidermis overlying gaps in the dermis left by stretched or torn elastin fibers. Our skin has elastic properties, but growing too fast can overstretch the skins elastic limit. A good way to illustrate this is with a sock. Most socks have elastic in them, so they tightly form around your ankle. This elastic is stretched when we put on and take off the sock. After time, and wear, the socks elastic becomes overstretched and no longer fits tightly on out ankles. It looks pretty stupid when youre wearing shorts and your socks are hanging off your ankles. This goes the same for stretch marks. When the skin is overstretched, it loses its elastic property and its connective fibers break, which creates a stretch mark.

Conclusion
Vitamin E Phosphate is effective at both prevention and remediation of the appearance of UV induced erythema for sensitive skin.
Pre - Treatment : Effect of Vit.E Phosphate in UV-induced Erythema Post -Treatment : Effect of Vit.E Phosphate on UV-induced Erythema

PLACEBO 3% VIT E ACETATE 1% VIT E PHOSPHATE 3% VIT E PHOSPHATE

PLACEBO 3% VIT E ACETATE 1% VIT E PHOSPHATE 3% VIT E PHOSPHATE

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STRETCH MARK

colouring

advantages

SODIUM-2-PYRROLIDONE CARBOXYLATE

The skin tone determines what color your stretch marks will be. The usually start as pink, reddish brown, or dark brown lines. The stretch marks could turn to red, dark red, or a purplish shade. As time goes by, stretch marks do natural fade to a few shades lighter than your natural skin tone, making them less noticeable.

Conventional cosmetic or therapeutic compositions permit the application of active agents to the skin. However, an application at skin level must resist environmental conditions and clothes friction. Conventional compositions exhibit poor resistance to such environmental conditions and must be reapplied frequently to achieve the desired purpose (cosmetic or therapeutic). Sodium PCA is a naturally occurring component of human skin that is believed to be in part responsible for its moisture-binding capacity. Sodium PCA builds skin moisture without adding oil. It softens, hydrates, reduces the scaling and flaking, common in dehydrated and oily complexions. It assists moisturisers and conditioners to maintain proper moisture levels. Sodium PCA, the salt of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, functions as a humectant. It is typically used in concentrations of 2% or greater. Sodium PCA is an example of the attempt to duplicate the water-holding capacity of glycosaminoglycans in the dermis. It is hard to duplicate dermal constituents on the stratum corneum. Adding Sodium PCA enhances better and higher moisture uptake when compared to glycerin, propylene glycol and sorbitol. Sodium PCA is non irritating.

What are some causes of stretch marks?

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Rapidly gaining weight (Bulking cycle) Puberty Pregnancy Obesity Heredity Skin Type Stress Poor Diet Sudden Environmental Change

Why Vitamin E Phosphate is effective?

Vitamin E is a extraordinary anti oxidant14 and is effective against pregnancy stretch marks because it has the ability to regenerate skin cells and protects the skin against free radical damage. Vitamin E is the collective name of group of fat-soluble compounds with distinctive anti-oxidant activities. It has been shown to penetrate intensely into the skin and accelerate the growth of new skin cells. Thus, the scar tissue that gives the appearance of stretch marks gets replaced and fades over time. The stretch marks continue to become thinner and shorter with the use of Vitamin E until they are no longer noticeable.17 Aside from its ability to get rid of stretch marks, Vitamin E Phosphate also serves to prevent new ones from developing. Because it increases the firmness and elasticity of the skin, it makes it more capable of weathering any tears that may arise due to several factors such as pregnancy, hormonal flux, and weight changes.

A comparative chart Sodium PCA with other moisturisers

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NEUTRIDERM MOISTURISING LOTION

with vitamine e

REFERENCES
1. H Sies, Antioxidant activity in cells and organs, Am Rev Respir Dis, 136 478-480 (1987). 2. S Pinnell, Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress and topical antioxidant protection, J Am Acad Dermat, 48 1-19 (2003). 3. MG Traber and H Sies, Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin E transport, Annu Rev Nutr, 19 343-355 (1999). 4. D Goti, H Reichler, E Malle, GM Kostner, U Panzenboeck and W Sattler, High-density lipoprotein (HDL3)-associated -tocopherol is taken up by HepG2 cells via the selective uptake pathway and re-secreted with endogenously synthesized apo- lipoprotein B-rich lipoprotein particles, Biochem J, 332 57-65 (1998). 5. Werninghaus, RM Handjani and BA Gilchrest, Protective effect of alpha-tocopherol in carrier liposomes on ultraviolet-mediated human epidermal cell damage in vitro, Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 8 236-242 (1991). 6. JP Krise and VJ Stella, Prodrugs of phosphates, phosphonates and phosphinates, Adv Drug Del Rev, 19 287-310 (1996). 7. E Ogru, R Gianello, R Libinaki, R Bak, A Smallridge, D Kannar and S West, Vitamin E Phosphate: An Endogenous Form Of Vitamin E, Free Rad Res, in press.

The Product : Neutriderm Moisturising lotion Content : Tocopherol Phosphate (Vitamin E) Sodium PCA

Product Brief:
Neutriderm Moisturising Lotion has been incorporated with the goodness of Vitamin E. Vitamin E in Neutriderm is clinically proven for maintaining a healthy skin. It improves the skin leaving it softer and smoother while still being safe and gentle. Topical application of Neutriderm helps in following ways.
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Reduces the formation of free radicals upon skin exposure to UVA rays and other sources of skin stress.

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Prevents the peroxidation of fats, a leading source of cell membrane damage in the body. Reduces transepidermal water loss from skin and strengthens the skins barrier function. Protects the skin barriers oil (lipid) balance during the cleansing process. Reduces the severity of sunburn Skin absorbs and maintains levels of topical Vitamin E, prolonging its benefits between applications. Reduces wrinkles and halts aging process. Protects the epidermis from early stages of ultraviolet light damage. Anti Stretch marks during and post pregnancy.

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Presentation: Easy to squeeze stand tube. Exotic fragrance.

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8. M Fujiwara, N Nagao, K Monden, M Misumi, K Kageyama, K Yamamoto and N Miwa, Enhanced protection against peroxidation induced mortality of aortic ndothelial cells by ascorbic acid-2-O-phosphate abundantly accumulated in the cells as the dephosphorylated form, Free Rad Res, 27 97-104 (1996). 9. Esra Ogru, Monash University private communication to Mark Rerek December 2003. 10. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006 Sep;126(9):677-93 (which is on photo aging page) 11. Protective effect of -TP against UVB, VOL.121, NO.2 AUGUST 2003 by The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc. 12. -Tocopheryl phosphate: A novel, natural form of vitamin E, Science Direct, R.Gianello et al. / Free Radical Biology & Medicine 39 (2005) 970 976 13. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology reported in February 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology 2002 14. The extraordinary antioxidant activity of vitamin E phosphate, B.M.Rezketal. / Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1683 (2004) 16 - 21 15. ME Rerek, OH Mills, R Verdiccchio, and S West, Disodium Lauriminodipropionate Tocopheryl Phosphates: A Potent New Anti-Inflammatory, Cosmet. & Toil., 118 63-68 (2003). Cosmetic Science Technology 2004 16. On the Existence of Cellular Tocopheryl Phosphate, its Synthesis, Degradation and Cellular Roles: A Hypothesis, Yesim Negis, Jean-Marc Zingg, Esra Ogru, Robert Gianello, Roksan Libinaki and Angelo Azzi, IUBMB Life, 57 (1) : 23 - 25, January 2005 17. Vitamin E prevents stretch marks - www.good-herbal-health.com

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Iraq Kuwait Jordan Bahrain Qatar Trinidad & Tobago Ivory Coast

Bangladesh Thailand United Arab India Emirates Philippines Cambodia Sri Lanka Brunei Maldives Singapore Seychelles Mauritius Australia

UAS Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd P.O.Box 802 Castle Hill NSW 1765 Australia www.neutriderm.com.au

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