@@MM Menus: ~ This is the Main Menu for the PSpice Control Shell.

~ Use the Files Menu to specify the current file to be read or to edit the file. ~ Use the Circuit Menu to display and modify devices in the circuit and to change model parameters. ~ Use the Analysis Menu to set up parameters for the different analysis types, then select Start to run the enabled analyses. ~ Use the Probe Menu to view the results of the analyses. ~ ~ Function Keys: ~ At any time the F1 key will provide help. Hit the F1 key a second time to exit help. ~ The F3 key calls up the On-Line Manual. When you are in the editor just hit F3 then Enter twice and you will get the manual page that describes the device or command on the line you are currently editing ("context-sensitive help"). ~ The F4 key shows a list of choices where possible - for example, file names with a ".cir" extension ~ The F5 key pops up the PSpice calculator. ~ The F6 key shows you a list of errors in the current output file. ~ ~ Using the Mouse: ~ Moving the mouse left/right/up/down is equivalent to using the arrow keys. ~ Clicking the left or right mouse button is the same as Enter (except in the editor, where this turns on marking). ~ Clicking both buttons together is the same as ESC. @@FMC 1

Selects the current file. All processing is done on this file. @@FME Edits the current file. @@FMB Browses the current output file. Changes made to this file are discarded at the conclusion of the edit. @@FMS Saves changes made to the current file. The original is saved with a ".cbk" extension. @@FMX Runs an "external" editor on the current file. The file is saved first if changes have been made. The PSEDIT environment variable gives a command line for the program. For example, "PSEDIT=edlin\ %f" would specify edlin as the external editor. The "%f" is replaced by the name of the current file. @@CMD Allows modification of device parameters. @@CMM Allows modification of model parameters. @@CMP Allows values of global parameters (ie. those defined in a ".PARAM" PSpice statement) to be modified. @@CME Displays a list of error messages which occurred during read-in and the (approximate) line number in the circuit file in a scrollable window. Use the "browse" function to look at errors from the analysis phase (ie. in the .out file). @@SMA 2

Creates or modifies an Analog stimulus (independent voltage or current source). @@SMD Creates or modifies a Digital stimulus. @@SMR Deletes a previously created stimulus. @@AMA Specify the parameters for AC and Noise Analysis (".AC/.NOISE"). @@AMD Specify the parameters for a DC Analysis (".DC"). @@AMTR Specify parameters for Transient and Fourier Analysis (".TRAN/.FOUR"). @@AMO Set operating point (".IC/.NODESET"). @@AMTE Specify temperature(s) for PSpice analyses (".TEMP"). @@AMM Specify Monte Carlo parameters (".MC"). @@AMC Specify PSpice options (".OPTIONS"). @@AMS Start PSpice analyses. @@PMS Define whether to save All, Some or None of PSpice's output variables for Probe processing. @@PMV Run Probe on the most recent PSpice output; or specify another file for viewing. 3

@@PMC Tells Probe to use a command file (/C option). @@PML Tells Probe to build a command file (/L option). @@PMF Controls whether PSpice generates a binary Probe file or an ascii Probe file (".PROBE/CSDF"). @@PRASN Saves variables for Probe: All, Some or None. @@PMCF Set up display and hard-copy specifications for Probe (modifies the "probe.dev" file). @@PCDS Define the display device for Probe. F4 displays most currently supported displays. @@PCPO Define the port for Probe hardcopy output. F4 displays the legal port names. Selecting "FILE" will cause Probe to direct hardcopy to a file rather than direct to the hardcopy device. @@PCPR Define the hardcopy device (printer) for Probe. F4 will display most currently supported hardcopy devices. @@PCBT Output binary (.dat) or ascii (.txt) file for Probe. Binary is the format generated by ".PROBE". Text is the format generated by ".PROBE/CSDF". @@DMS 4

Do a Sensitivity Analysis for specified output variables (".SENS"). @@DMTF Do a Transfer Function Analysis on the specifies output variables and input sources( ".TF"). @@DMB Controls printout of bias point calculations for DC and for Transient Analysis(".OP", ".TRAN/OP"). @@DMPL Plots specified output variables (".PLOT"). @@DMPR Prints specified output variables (".PRINT"). @@QME Close all open files and return to DOS. @@QMD Runs a single DOS command. To get a DOS "shell" enter a blank line. @@ACEN Enable or disable AC Analysis. Note that the parameters set up for AC analysis remain unchanged, regardless of whether analysis is enabled. @@ACST Define the type of sweep for AC Analysis. @@ACSF Start frequency for AC Analysis. @@ACEF End frequency for AC Analysis. @@ACNP If sweep type is Linear, number of points in the AC sweep; otherwise, the number of points per Octave or per Decade. 5

@@DCEN Enable or disable DC Analysis. Note that the parameters set up for DC analysis remain unchanged, regardless of whether analysis is enabled. @@DCSV Type of variable to sweep in DC Analysis (Temperature, Voltage source, Current source, Model parameter). @@DCMT Type of Model for which parameter is to be swept. For example, RES for a resistor. F4 displays a list. @@DCMN Name of (your) model for which parameter is to be swept. F4 displays a list of models of the specified type which are defined in the current circuit. @@DCPN Name of a parameter for this model type. F4 displays a list of parameters. @@DCVS Enter the name of a voltage source. F4 displays a list of 'v' devices defined in the present circuit. @@DCIS Enter the name of a current source. F4 displays a list of 'i' devices defined in the present circuit. @@DCGP Enter the name of a global parameter. F4 displays a list of globals defined in the present circuit. @@DCST The type of DC sweep to be done: Linear, Octave, Decade or 6

Value-list. @@DCS The starting value for Linear, Octave or Decade DC sweep. @@DCE The final value for Linear, Octave or Decade DC sweep. @@DCNP The number of points per octave (decade) of DC sweep. @@DCIN The increment in a Linear sweep. @@DCEN This enables a "nested" DC sweep. If enabled, the nested sweep will be performed for each step in the main sweep. @@C2FN Enter a filename. F4 displays a list of ".cir" files in the current directory. @@C2PF Enter a filename. F4 displays a list of ".dat" files in the current directory. @@C2CFE Entering Y enables use of a command file with Probe. @@C2CF Enter a filename. F4 displays a list of ".cmd" files in the current directory. @@C2LFE Entering Y causes Probe to generate a log file. @@C2LF Enter a filename (.cmd by default). @@SCSD 7

Save or Discard changes to the current file. If Save, the original file is copied to a file with a ".cbk" extension. @@TREN Enable Transient or Fourier Analysis. @@TRPS Print step value for the Transient Analysis. @@TRFT Final time for the Transient Analysis; duration of the run. @@TRNP Time to wait until starting to generate Print, Plot or Probe output. @@TRSC Step ceiling; do not allow internal time step to exceed this value. @@TRUI Use Initial Conditions set by "IC=" statements on various devices. Note that, where possible, the preferred way to set the bias point is by using ".IC" or ".NODESET" statements or by the "Set Operating Point" function in the Analysis Menu. @@FOCF Fundamental frequency for Fourier Analysis. @@FOOV Define output variable(s) for Fourier Analysis. @@FEFN Enter the name of a circuit file to edit. F4 will display a list of ".cir" files in the current directory. @@FESD Save the changes you have made during the edit, or discard the changes. @@OPAC Output summary and accounting information. 8

@@OPEX List devices created by subcircuit expansion. @@OPLB List lines used from library files. @@OPLI List summary of circuit devices. @@OPNO List circuit node table. @@OPNE Suppress listing of input file. @@OPNM Suppress listing of model parameters and temperature updated values. @@OPNP Suppress paging and banner. @@OPOP List values for all options. @@OPI1 DC and bias-point "blind" iteration limit. @@OPI2 DC and bias-point "educated guess" iteration limit. @@OPI4 Iteration limit for any Transient Analysis point. @@OPI5 Total iteration limit for all points in Transient Analysis (set to 0 to get unlimited number of points). @@OPLP Max points allowed for any print table or plot. @@OPND 9

Number of digits output in print tables. @@OPWI Sets the width of the output. @@OPAT Best accuracy of currents (amp). @@OPCT Best accuracy of charges (coulomb). @@OPCP CPU time allowed for this run (sec). @@OPDD MOSFET default drain area (sq m). @@OPDS MOSFET default source area (sq m). @@OPDL MOSFET default length (m). @@OPDW MOSFET default width (m). @@OPGM Minimum conductance used for any branch (mho). @@OPPR Relative magnitude required for pivot in matrix solution. @@OPPT Absolute magnitude required for pivot in matrix solution. @@OPRT Relative accuracy of V's and I's. @@OPTN Default temperature (degree C). @@OPTR 10

Transient Analysis "accuracy adjustment". @@OPVN Best accuracy of voltages (v). @@OPDMM 1 selects min/typ device timing. ~ 2 selects max device timing. @@OPDF Minimum digital time step is 1/DIGFREQ. @@OPDSF "Forcing" drive impedance is < DIGSTRF. @@OPDSD "Driving" drive impedance is < DIGSTRD. @@OPDSW "Weak" drive impedance is < DIGSTRW. @@MCEN Enable or disable Monte Carlo Analysis. @@MCNR Number of runs (with varying parameters). @@MCWA Select one analysis on which to perform Monte Carlo. @@MCOV Output variable for which statistics are collected during Monte Carlo runs. @@MCLP Enable or disable printout of model parameters for each Monte Carlo run. @@MCOS Specify what output to keep: ~ 11

All - all output ~ None - no output ~ First - during first N runs ~ Every - for every Nth run ~ Runs - for the specified runs. @@MCEV Threshold for RISE_EDGE(v) or FALL_EDGE(v). @@MCLR Lower bound on RANGE option. Enter blank field to omit. If lower and upper omitted, no RANGE option is specified. @@MCHR Upper bound on RANGE option. Enter blank field to omit. If lower and upper omitted, no RANGE option is specified. @@MCWF Specify collation function for MC analyses. @@VCDB Enter a number in PSpice format (suffices are OK). ~ Examples: 1.23, 1e-5, 1.4pf, 10kohm. @@VCIN Enter an integer between 1 and 32767. @@SEL1 Move the highlight with the arrow keys, make a selection with Enter or cancel with ESC. @@SELL The window is a table containing numbers and/or blank spaces. Use the arrow keys to move between fields. When done, hit Ctrl/Enter to accept the changes or ESC to cancel. @@EDIT 12

Useful editor keys include: ~ ^A moves left 1 word; ~ ^F moves right 1 word; ~ ^Z scrolls up; ^W scrolls down; ~ ^Y deletes a line; ~ ESC to exit the editor. ~ ALT_M begins marking a block; ~ ALT_C copies to scrap; ~ ALT_X cuts to scrap; ~ ALT_P pastes at current cursor; ~ ALT_S searches for a pattern; ~ Insert toggles insert/overstr.; ~ F7 toggles justify. ~ ~ Mouse keys: ~ Click L/R starts marking. ~ Both keys for ESC. ~ Maximum file size is 16k. @@CALC Pop-Up Calculator: ~ ~ This is a simple RPN calculator. Enter numbers in PSpice format or one of the following one-keystroke commands: ~ +-*/~ Log eXp sQrt ~ Sin Cos Tan Pi ~ Inv (1/x) ~ ! (change sign) ~ Rad (angles are radian) ~ Deg (angles are degrees) ~ 13

> (degrees to radian) ~ < (radian to degrees) ~ \~ (res freq for LC) ~ ~ ESC to exit. @@MANM This is the On-Line Manual. Select a section, then select an individual device, command or topic. @@MANDB B device - GaAsFET. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ B<name> <d> <g> <s> <model> [<area>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ BIN 100 1 0 GFAST ~ B13 22 14 23 GNOM 2.0 @@MANDC C device - Capacitor. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ C<name> <+node> <-node> [<model>] ~ + <value> [IC=<initial>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ CLOAD 15 0 20pF ~ CFDBK 3 33 CMOD 10pF IC=1.5v @@MANDD D device - Diode. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ D<name> <+node> <-node> <model> ~ + [area] ~ Examples: ~ 14

DCLAMP 14 0 DMOD ~ D13 15 17 SWITCH 1.5

@@MANDE E device - (Voltage) Controlled Voltage Source. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ E<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + <+control> <-control> <gain> ~ E<name> <+node> <-node> POLY(<value>) ~ + < <+control> <-control> >* ~ + < <coeff> >* ~ E<name> <+node> <-node> VALUE={<exp>} ~ E<name> <+node> <-node> TABLE {<exp>} ~ + < (inval), (outval) >* ~ E<name> <+node> <-node> LAPLACE {<exp>} ~ + {<sexp>} ~ E<name> <+node> <-node> FREQ {<exp>} ~ + < (freq, magdb, phasedeg) >* ~ ~ Examples: ~ EBUFF 1 2 10 11 1.0 ~ EAMP 13 0 POLY(1) 26 0 500 ~ ENLIN 100 101 POLY(2) ~ + 3 0 4 0 0.0 13.6 0.2 0.005 ~ ESQRT 10 0 VALUE = {SQRT(V(5))} ~ ETAB 20 5 TABLE {V(2)} ~ + (-5v,5v) (0v,0v) (5v,-5v) E1POLE 10 0 LAPLACE {V(1)} ~ + {1 / (1 + s)} ~ EATTEN 20 0 FREQ {V(100)} ~ 15

+ (0,0,0 10,-2,-5 20,-6,-10) ~ ~ @@MANDF F device - Current Controlled Current Source. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ F<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + <vname> <gain> ~ ~ F<name> <+node> <-node> POLY(<value>) ~ + < <vname> >* < <coeff> >* ~ ~ Examples: ~ FSENSE 1 2 VSENSE 10.0 ~ FAMP 13 0 POLY(1) VIN 500 ~ FNLIN 100 101 POLY(2) V1 v2 ~ + 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.005 @@MANDG G device - (Voltage) Controlled Current Source. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ G<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + <+control> <-control> <gain> ~ G<name> <+node> <-node> POLY(<value>) ~ + < <+control> <-control> >* ~ + < <coeff> >* ~ G<name> <+node> <-node> VALUE={<exp>} ~ G<name> <+node> <-node> TABLE {<exp>} ~ + = < (inval), (outval) >* ~ G<name> <+node> <-node> LAPLACE {<exp>} ~ + {<sexp>} ~ G<name> <+node> <-node> FREQ {<exp>} ~ + < (freq, magdb, phasedeg) >* ~ ~ 16

Examples: ~ GBUFF 1 2 10 11 1.0 ~ GAMP 13 0 POLY(1) 26 0 500 ~ GNLIN 100 101 POLY(2) ~ + 3 0 4 0 0.0 13.6 0.2 0.005 ~ GSQRT 10 0 VALUE = {SQRT(V(5))} ~ GTAB 20 5 TABLE{V(2)} = ~ + (-5v,5v) (0v,0v) (5v,-5v) G1POLE 10 0 LAPLACE {V(1)} ~ + {1 / (1 + s)} ~ GATTEN 20 0 FREQ {V(100)} ~ + (0,0,0 10,-2,-5 20,-6,-10) ~ ~ @@MANDH H device - Current Controlled Voltage Source. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ H<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + <vname> <gain> ~ ~ H<name> <+node> <-node> POLY(<value>) ~ + < <vname> >* < <coeff> >* ~ ~ Examples: ~ HSENSE 1 2 VSENSE 10.0 ~ HAMP 13 0 POLY(1) VIN 500 ~ HNLIN 100 101 POLY(2) V1 v2 ~ + 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.005 @@MANDI I device - Current Source. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ I<name> <+node> <-node> ~ 17

+ [[DC] <value>] ~ + [AC <mag> [<phase>]] ~ + [ <transient> ] ~ ~ Transient Specifications: ~ EXP(i1 ipk rdelay rtc fdelay ftc) ~ PULSE(i1 i2 td trise tfall pw per) ~ PWL(t1 i1 t2 i2 ... tn fn) ~ SFFM(ioff iampl fc mod fm) ~ SIN(ioff iampl freq td df phase) ~ ~ Examples: ~ IBIAS 13 0 2.3mA ~ IAC 2 3 AC .001 ~ IACPHS 2 3 AC .001 90 ~ IPULSE 1 0 ~ + PULSE(-1mA 1mA 2ns 2ns 2ns 50ns 100ns) ~ I3 26 77 DC .002 AC 1 ~ + SIN(.002 .002 1.5MEG) @@MANDJ J device - Junction FET. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ J<name> <d> <g> <s> <model> [<area]> ~ ~ Examples: ~ JIN 100 1 0 JFAST J13 22 14 23 JNOM ~ + 2.0 @@MANDK K device - Inductor Coupling. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ 18

K<name> L<name> < L<name> >* ~ + <coupling> ~ K<name> < L<name> >* <coupling> ~ + <model> [<size]> ~ ~ Examples: ~ KTUNED L3OUT L4IN .8 ~ KXFR1 LPRIM LSEC .99 ~ KXFR2 L1 L2 L3 L4 .98 KPOT_3C8 @@MANDL L device - Inductor. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ L<name> <+node> <-node> [model] ~ + <value> [IC=<initial>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ LLOAD 15 0 20mH ~ L2 1 2 .2e-6 ~

LCHOKE 3 42 LMOD .03 ~ LSENSE 5 12 2uH IC=2mA @@MANDM M device - MOSFET. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ M<name> <d> <g> <s> <sub> <mdl> ~ + [L=<value>] [W=<value>] ~ + [AD=<value>] [AS=<value>] ~ + [PD=<value>] [PS=<value>] ~ + [NRD=<value>] [NRS=<value>] ~ + [NRG=<value>] [NRB=<value>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ 19

M1 14 2 13 0 PNOM L=25u W=12u ~ M13 15 3 0 0 PSTRONG ~ M2A 0 2 100 100 PWEAK L=33u w=12u ~ + AD=288p AS=288p PD=60u PS=60u ~ + NRD=14 NRS=24 NRG=10 @@MANDN N device - Digital Input. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ N<name> <inode> <lonode> hinode> ~ + <model> [SIGNAME=<name>] [IS=<init>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ NRESET 7 15 16 FROM_TTL ~ N12 18 0 100 FROM_CMOS ~ + SIGNAME=VCO_GATE IS=0 @@MANDO O device - Digital Output. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ O<name> <iface> <ref> <model> ~ + [SIGNAME = <name>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ OVCO 17 0 TO_TTL O5 22 100 TO_CMOS ~ + SIGNAME = VCO_OUT @@MANDQ Q device - Bipolar Transistor. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ Q<name> <c> <b> <e> ~ + [<subs>] <model> [<area>] ~ ~ 20

Examples: ~ Q1 14 2 13 PNPNOM ~ Q13 15 3 0 1 NPNSTRONG 1.5 ~ Q7 VC 5 12 [SUB] LATPNP @@MANDR R device - Resistor. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ R<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + [<model>] <value> ~ ~ Examples: ~ RLOAD 15 0 2k ~ R2 1 2 2.4e4

@@MANDS S device - Voltage-Controlled Switch. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ S<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + <+control> <-control> <model> ~ ~ Examples: ~ S12 13 17 2 0 SMOD ~ SRESET 5 0 15 3 RELAY @@MANDT T device - Transmission Line. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ T<name> <A+> <A-> <B+> <B-> ~ + Z0=<value> ~ + [TD=<val> | F=<val>[NL=<val>]] ~ ~ Examples: ~ T1 1 2 3 4 Z0=220 TD=115ns ~ 21

T2 1 2 3 4 Z0=50 F=5MEG NL=0.5 @@MANDU U device - Digital. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ U<name> <type> <parms> <node>* ~ + [<parm> = <val>]* ~ ~ Types: BUF, INV, AND, NAND, OR, ~ NOR, XOR, NXOR, BUF3, INV3, ~ AND3, OR3, NOR3, XOR3, NXOR3, ~ JKFF, DFF, PULLUP, PULLDN, ~ STIM. ~ ~ STIM Syntax: ~ U<name> STIM (<width>,<radices>) ~ +<node>* <iomodel> ~ + [TIMESTEP=stepsize] ~ + < <time>,<value> > | ~ + < <time> GOTO <label><n>TIMES> | ~ + < <time> GOTO <label><rv><val>> | ~ + < <time> INCR BY <val> > ~ + < <time> DECR BY <val> >>* ~ ~ <rv> = UNTIL GT|GE|LT|LE ~ ~ Examples: ~ U7 XOR() INA INB OUTXOR DEFGATE DEFIO ~ U101 STIM( 1, 1 ) IN1 STMIO ~ + TIMESTEP=10ns ~ + (LABEL=STARTLOOP) ~ + (+10c, 0) (+5ns, 1) ~ + (+40c GOTO STARTLOOP 1 TIMES) 22

@@MANDV V device - Voltage Source. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ V<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + [[DC] <value>] ~ + [AC <mag> [<phase>]] ~ + [ <transient> ] ~ ~ Transient Specifications: ~ EXP(iv vpk rdelay rtc fdelay ftc) ~ PULSE(v1 v2 td trise tfall pw per) ~ PWL(t1 v1 t2 v2 ... tn vn) ~ SFFM(voff vampl fc mod fm) ~ SIN(voff vampl freq td df phase) ~ ~ Examples: ~ VBIAS 13 0 2.3mV ~ VAC 2 3 AC .001 ~ VACPHS 2 3 AC .001 90 ~ VPULSE 1 0 ~ + PULSE(-1mV 1mV 2ns 2ns 2ns 50ns 100ns) ~ V3 26 77 DC .002 AC 1 + SIN(.002 .002 1.5MEG) @@MANDW W device - Current-Controlled Switch. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ W<name> <+node> <-node> ~ + <vname> <model> ~ ~ Examples: ~ W12 13 17 VC WMOD ~ 23

WRESET 5 0 VRESET RELAY @@MANDX X device - Subcircuit Call. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ X<name> [<node>]* <sname> ~ + [PARAMS: <<par>=<val>*>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ X12 100 101 200 201 DIFFAMP ~ XBUFF 13 15 UNITAMP @@MANCAC .AC - AC Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .AC [LIN][OCT][DEC] <points> ~ + <start> <end> ~ ~ Examples: ~ .AC LIN 101 10Hz 200Hz ~ .AC OCT 10 1KHz 16KHz ~ .AC DEC 20 1MEG 100MEG @@MANCDC .DC - DC Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .DC [LIN] <varname> ~ + <start> <end> <incr> [<nest>] ~ .DC [OCT][DEC] <varname> ~ + <start> <end> <points> [<nest>] ~ .DC <varname> LIST ~ + <value>* [<nest>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ 24

.DC VIN -.25 .25 .05 ~ .DC LIN I2 5mA -2mA 0.1mA ~ .DC VCE 0v 10v .5v ~ + IB 0mA 1mA 50uA ~ .DC RES RMOD(R) 0.9 1.1 .001 ~ .DC DEC NPN QFAST(IS) ~ + 1e-18 1e-14 5 ~ .DC TEMP LIST 0 20 27 50 80 @@MANCDIS .DISTRIBUTION - User-Defined Dist. ~ ~ General Form: ~ .DISTRIBUTION <name> <<dev> <prob>>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .DISTRIBUTION bimodal ~ + (-1,1)(-.5,1)(-.5,0)(.5,0)(.5,1)(1,1) @@MANCEND .END - End Circuit. ~ .ENDS - End Subcircuit. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .END ~ .ENDS [<name>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ .END ~ .ENDS ~ .ENDS 741 @@MANCFOU Fourier Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ 25

.FOUR <freq> <output var>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .FOUR 10KHz v(5) v(6,7) @@MANCIC .IC - Initial Transient Conditions. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .IC < <vnode> = <value> >* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .IC V(2)=3.4 V(102)=0 @@MANCINC .INC - Include File. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .INC <name> ~ ~ Examples: ~ .INC SETUP.CIR ~ .INC C:\\PSLIB\\VCO.CIR @@MANCLIB .LIB - Library FIle. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .LIB [<name>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ .LIB ~ .LIB OPNOM.LIB ~ .LIB C:\\PSLIB\\QNOM.LIB @@MANCMC .MC - Monte Carlo Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .MC <#runs> [DC][AC][TRAN] ~ 26

+ <opvar> <func> <option>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .MC 10 TRAN V(5) YMAX ~ .MC 50 DC IC(Q7) MIN LIST ~ .MC 20 AC VP(13,5) ~ + RISE_EDGE(1.0) LIST ~ + OUTPUT ALL @@MANCWCA .WCASE - Worst Case Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .WCASE <analysis> <opvar> <func> <option>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .WCASE DC V(4,5) YMAX ~ .WCASE TRAN V(1) FALL_EDGE(3.5v) ~ + VARY BOTH BY RELTOL ~ + DEVICES RL @@MANCMOD .MODEL - Model. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .MODEL <name> <type> ~ + [<param>=<value> [<tol>]]* ~ ~ Typename Devname Devtype ~ CAP IND RES D NPN PNP Cxxx Lxxx Rxxx Dxxx Qxxx Qxxx capacitor ~ inductor ~ resistor ~ diode ~ NPN bipolar ~ PNP bipolar ~ 27

LPNP NJF PJF NMOS PMOS GASFET CORE VSWITCH ISWITCH DINPUT

Qxxx Jxxx Jxxx

lateral PNP ~ N-channel JFET ~ P-channel JFET ~ N-channel MOSFET ~ P-channel MOSFET ~ N-channel GaAsFET ~ nonlinear core ~ v/c switch ~ c/c switch ~ digital i/p ~ digital o/p ~ ~

Mxxx Mxxx Bxxx Kxxx Sxxx Wxxx Nxxx Oxxx

DOUTPUT Examples: ~

.MODEL RMAX RES ~ + (R=1.5 TC=.02 TC2=.005) ~ .MODEL QDRIV NPN (IS=1e-7 BF=30) ~ .MODEL DLOAD D ~ + (IS=1e-9 DEV 5% LOT 10%) @@MANCNOD .NODESET - Nodeset. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .NODESET < <node>=<value> >* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .NODESET V(2)=3.4 V(3)=-1V @@MANCNOI .NOISE - Noise Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .NOISE <opvar> <name> [<ival>] ~ ~ Examples: ~ 28

.NOISE V(5) VIN .NOISE V(4,5) ISRC 20 @@MANCOP Bias Point. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .OP ~ ~ Examples: ~ .OP @@MANCOPT .OPTIONS - Options. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .OPTIONS [<fopt>*] [<vopt>=<value>*] ~ ~ Flag Options ~ ACCT summary & accounting ~

EXPAND show subcircuit expansion ~ LIBRARY list lines from library files ~ LIST NODE output summary ~ output netlist ~

NOECHO suppress listing ~ NOMOD suppress model param listing ~ NOPAGE suppress banners ~ OPTS output option values ~ ~

Value Options ~ ABSTOL best accuracy of currents ~ CHGTOL best accuracy of charges ~ CPTIME CPU time allowed ~ DEFAD MOSFET default AD ~ DEFAS MOSFET default AS ~ 29

DEFL DEFW GMIN ITL1 ITL2 ITL4 ITL5

MOSFET default L ~ MOSFET default W ~ min conductance, any branch ~ DC & bias pt blind limit ~ DC & bias pt guess limit ~ transient per-point limit ~ transient total, all points ~

LIMPTS max for print/plot ~ NUMDGT #digits output ~ PIVREL rel mag for matrix pivot ~ PIVTOL abs mag for matrix pivot ~ RELTOL rel accuracy of V's and I's ~ TNOM default temp ~

TRTOL transient accuracy adjustment ~ VNTOL best accuracy of voltages ~ WIDTH output width ~ ~ Examples: ~ .OPTIONS NOECHO NOMOD RELTOL=.01 ~ .OPTIONS ACCT DEFL=12u DEFW=8u @@MANCPAR .PARAM - Global Parameter. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .PARAM < <name>=<value> >* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .PARAM pi=3.14159265 ~ .PARAM RSHEET=120, VCC=5V @@MANCPLO .PLOT - Plot. ~ ~ 30

General Forms: ~ .PLOT [DC][AC][NOISE][TRAN] ~ + [ [<opvar>*] [(<lo>,<hi>)] ]* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .PLOT DC V(3) V(2,3) V(R1) I(VIN) ~ .PLOT AC VM(2) VP(2) VG(2) ~ .PLOT TRAN V(3) V(2,3) (0,5V) ~ + ID(M2) I(VCC) (-50mA,50mA) @@MANCPRI .PRINT - Print. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .PRINT [DC][AC][NOISE][TRAN] ~ + [<opvar>*] ~ ~ Examples: ~ .PRINT DC V(3) V(2,3) V(R1) IB(Q13) ~ .PRINT AC VM(2) VP(2) VG(5) II(7) ~ .PRINT NOISE INOISE ONOISE DB(INOISE) ~ @@MANCPRO .PROBE - Probe. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .PROBE[/CSDF] ~ .PROBE[/CSDF] [<opvar>*] ~ ~ Examples: ~ .PROBE ~ .PROBE v(2) I(R2) VBE(Q13) VDB(5) ~ .PROBE/CSDF ~ @@MANCSEN .SENS - Sensitivity Analysis. ~ ~ 31

General Forms: ~ .SENS <opvar>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .SENS V(9) V(4,3) I(VCC) @@MANCSTE .STEP - Stepped Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .STEP [LIN] <varname> ~ + <start> <end> <incr> ~ .STEP [OCT][DEC] <varname> ~ + <start> <end> <points> ~ .STEP <varname> LIST ~ + <value>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .STEP VIN -.25 .25 .05 ~ .STEP LIN I2 5mA -2mA 0.1mA ~ .STEP RES RMOD(R) 0.9 1.1 .001 ~ .STEP TEMP LIST 0 20 27 50 80 @@MANCSUB .SUBCKT - Subcircuit Definition. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .SUBCKT <name> [<node>*] ~ + [PARAMS: <par>[=<val>]* ] ~ ~ Examples: ~ .SUBCKT OPAMP 1 2 101 102 ~ .SUBCKT FILTER IN OUT ~ + PARAMS: CENTER, WIDTH=10KHz @@MANCTEM 32

.TEMP - Temperature. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .TEMP <value>* ~ ~ Examples: ~ .TEMP 125 ~ .TEMP 0 27 125 @@MANCTF .TF - Transfer Function. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .TF <opvar> <ipsrc> ~ ~ Examples: ~ .TF V(5) VIN .TF I(VDRIV) ICNTRL @@MANCTRA .TRAN - Transient Analysis. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .TRAN[/OP] <pstep> <ftime> ~ + [<noprint> [<ceiling>]] [UIC] ~ ~ Examples: ~ .TRAN 1nS 100nS ~ .TRAN/OP 1nS 100nS 20nS UIC ~ .TRAN 1nS 100nS 0nS .1nS @@MANCWID .WIDTH - Width. ~ ~ General Forms: ~ .WIDTH OUT=<val> ~ ~ Examples: ~ .WIDTH OUT=80 33

@@MANCO/P Output Variables: ~ DC Sweep and Transient: ~ V(<node>) ~ V(<+node>,<-node>) ~ V(<name>) ~ Vx(<name>) ~ Vxy(<name>) ~ Vz(<name>) ~ I(<name>) ~ Ix(<name>) ~ Iz(<name>) ~ Devtypes: C/D/E/F/G/H/I/L/R/V ~ xy: D/G/S (B) ~ xy: D/G/S (J) ~ xy: D/G/S/B (M) ~ xy: C/B/E/S (Q) ~ z: A/B ~ ~ AC Analysis: ~ Suffices: ~ M magnitude ~ DB magnitude ~ P phase ~ G group delay ~ R real ~ I imaginary ~ Devtypes: C/I/L/R/T/V ~ ~ Noise Analysis: ~ 34

INOISE ~ ONOISE ~ DB(INOISE) ~ DB(ONOISE) @@MANHF Floating nodes have no DC path to ground. Frequent causes of trouble: ~ ~ The two ends of a transmission line do not have a DC connection between them. ~ Voltage-controlled sources do not have a DC connection between their controlling nodes. ~ ~ There is an error in the circuit description. ~ ~ Assuming the circuit is correct, the solution is to connect the floating node to ground via a large-value resistor. @@MANHL PSpice checks for zero-resistance loops. These may be caused by independent voltage sources (V), controlled voltage sources (E and H), and inductors (L); or there may be an error in the circuit description. ~ Assuming the circuit to be correct, the solution is to add series resistance into the loop. @@MANHC Convergence problems may occur in the DC sweep, bias point calculations and transient analysis. ~ ~ DC Sweep: most frequent problem is attempting to analyze circuits with regenerative feedback (eg. Schmitt trigger). Try doing a Transient Analysis instead of the DC Sweep. Use a piecewise-linear voltage source to generate a slow ramp. You can sweep up and down again in the same analysis. ~ ~ Bias Point: use the .NODESET statement to help PSpice find a solution. 35

Nodes such as the outputs of opamps are good candidates for .NODESET. ~ ~ Transient Analysis: unrealistic modelling of circuits with switches but no parasitic capacitance can cause problems, for example circuits containing diodes and inductors but no parasitic resistance or capacitance. ~ It may be necessary to relax RELTOL from .001 to .01. ~ Using the "uic" modifier causes the Transient Bias Point calculation to be skipped, causing Transient Analysis convergence problems. Use .IC or .NODESET instead. ~ With high voltages and currents, it may be necessary to increase VNTOL and ABSTOL. For voltages in the kV range raise VNTOL to 1mV. For currents in the amps range raise ABSTOL to 1nA. For currents in the kA range raise ABSTOL to 1uA. @@MANHA PSpice's accuracy is controlled by the RELTOL, VNTOL, ABSTOL and CHGTOL parameters of the .OPTIONS statement. ~ The most important is RELTOL, which controls the relative accuracy of all voltages and currents that are calculated. RELTOL defaults to 0.1%. ~ VNTOL sets best accuracy for voltages. ABSTOL sets best accuracy for currents. CHGTOL sets best accuracy for charge/flux. @@MANHG Global nodes begin with the prefix "$G_". ~ Examples: $G_VCC $G_COMMON. ~ Predefined digital nodes are: $D_HI, $D_LO, $D_NC, $D_X. @@MANEE PSpice will accept expressions in most places where a numeric value is required. This includes component values, model parameter values, subcircuit parameters, initial conditions, etc. ~ An expression is contained within {} and must fit on one line. 36

Components of an expression include: numbers, operators +-*/, parameter names and functions (sin, cos, exp, etc). For example, a resistor value could be defined in terms of a global parameter RSHEET: ~ re1 20 21 {rsheet * 1.10} ~ Expressions may be used for global parameter values, but these expressions may not contain parameter names. ~ Expressions used in the extended controlled sources may additionally refer to node voltages, currents, and the swept variables "time" and "freq". @@MANEG Global parameters are defined with the .PARAM statement. They can then be used in expressions for device values, etc. Example: ~ .param pi=3.14159265 ~ c1 2 0 { 1 / (2 * pi * 10khz * 10k) } ~ @@MANES Subcircuit parameters supply default values for subcircuits. The defaults can be overridden when the subcircuit is called. The values given to subcircuit parameters can be expressions. In addition to the normal components of an expression, subcircuit parameter expressions may refer to the names of a subcircuit's own parameters (if any). ~ If a global parameter and a subcircuit parameter have the same name, the subcircuit parameter definition is used. ~ ~ For example, here is the definition of a parasitic node: ~ ~ .subckt para 1 params: r=1meg, c=1pf ~ r1 1 0 {r} ~ c1 1 0 {c} ~ .ends ~ ~ and here is the subcircuit being used: ~ 37

xpara1 27 para params: c=5pf

38