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PUBLICATIONS OF THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA

UR EXCAVATIONS
VOLUME
II

THE

ROYAL CEMETERY
BY
C. L.

WOOLLEY

PLATES

PUBLISHED FOR THE TRUSTEES OF THE

1934

TWO MUSEUMS
NEW YORK

BY THE AID OF A GRANT FROM THE CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF

UR EXCAVATIONS THE ROYAL CEMETERY

U. loooo.
Scale
c.
I'o

THE GOLD HELMET OF MES-KALAM-DUG

v. p.

(ht. 0-23

m.)

156

^-

Louise Baker pinx.

y^^^^f"^
PUBLICATIONS OF THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA

UR EXCAVATIONS
VOLUME
II

THE ROYAL CEMETERY

A REPORT ON THE PREDYNASTIC AND SARGONID GRAVES EXCAVATED

BETWEEN
C.

1926 AND 1931

By

LEONARD WOOLLEY,
the Rev. E. R.

M.A., D.Litt.

With Chapters by

BURROWS,

S.J.

Professor Sir
Dr. L.

ARTHUR KEITH,
and Dr. H.
J.

M.D., F.R.S.

LEGRAIN

PLENDERLEITH

PLATES

PUBLISHED FOR

THE TRUSTEES OF THE TWO MUSEUMS

BY THE AID OF A GRANT FROM THE CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK
1934

U'"IVE^^SaY OF

MASSACHUSETTS

Sold

in

Great Britain at

THE BRITISH MUSEUM,

and by
i

BERNARD QUARITCH, Ltd., ii Grafton Street, London, W. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Amen House, London, E.G. KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd.
38 Great Russell Street, London, W.C.
1

4,

and

in the

United States of America at

THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIA

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD

BY JOHN JOHNSON, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

LIST OF PLATES
Frontispiece

The Gold Helmet

of Mes-kalam-dug.

SECTION
PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE PLATE
I
.

A.

THE EXCAVATIONS
Ur and
the position

Plan of the Temenos enclosure in the time of the Third Dynasty of of the Royal Tombs in relation to it.

2.

Air photograph of the Temenos and part of the surrounding city of Ur, showing the excavated area and the site of the Royal Cemetery.

3.

General view looking to the north-east across the cemetery to the mausoleum of
Bur-Sin.

4.

General view looking

to the north-east across the

cemetery to the mausoleum of Dungi.

5. (a)

{b)

view of the early stages in the excavation of the cemetery; the Expedition house in the background. Part of the sheer earth sides of the excavated area, with the grave of Mes-kalam-dug
in the foreground.

A general

6. (a)

View looking down PG/779.

into a corner of the excavated area

and showing the walls of

{b)

sloped approach of the royal tomb PG/779 '^'^ '^^e background the royal the walls of a pre-cemetery house through which was sunk the shaft of PG/580.
!

The

tomb PG/777 and

7.

excavation of the cemetery; one of the earth-cut flights of steps by which the to the surface. (i) Excavating the upper levels at the NE. end of the cemetery area; above the workers are the foundation courses of the Temenos Wall of Nebuchadnezzar.
{a)
soil

The

was carried

8. {a)

The

earth face of the pit-side with clay pots belonging to graves projecting at

different levels.
{b)

general view over the cemetery, looking south-east.

9. {a)

{b)

earth face at the south corner of the excavated area, showing the stratification of the original rubbish-mounds. Grave PG/1845; the sloping mass of builders' rubbish tipped into the plundered shaft at the time of the building of Bur-Sin's mausoleum.

The

10. {a)
{b)

One of PG/55

the 'Dedication-bowls' with the ashes of sacrifice heaped above it. the gold fillet, lead sheeting, stone vessels, cockle-shells, and beads in position in the grave.
;

PLATE PLATE

11. {a)
{b)

PG/333; the clay coffin and ofi^erings beside PG/337; gold head ornaments in position.

it.

12. {a)
{b)

PG/337; the lime floor and drain for libations high up in the tomb-shaft. PG/337; the bottom of the shaft, showing clay and copper vessels and a
in position.

silver belt

PLATE

13. {a)
{b)

PG/337; stone vessels found above and probably belonging to the grave. PG/580; the silver belt, and with it the gold dagger in its sheath, the gold
set,

toilet-

cylinder seal, &c., in

situ.

PLATE
PLATE

14. [a)
{b)

The The

impression in the impression in the

soil

of a

wooden

coffin-lid

(PG/389).

soil

of a coffin-lid of withies on a light

wooden frame.

15. [a)
{b)

An

ordinary grave (PG/503) cleared and the remaining objects exposed. PG/505 the body exposed, lying on the white film of the decayed matting which lined the grave.
;

PLATE

16. {a)
ib)

PG/527; a bitumen model boat and the clay vessels in and round it. PG/622 the body in position inside the rectangle of the decayed coffin, with
;

clay

pots at

its foot.

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE
17.

19.

PLATE

20.

PLATE PLATE PLATE

21,

22.

23

PLATE

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE
37. (a)
(b)

vii
3

PG/800; head-dresses of Queen Shub-ad's women, Nos. PG/800; head-dresses Nos. 5 and 6.

and

4.

PLATE

38. (a)

PG/800 Queen Shub-ad's harp

;

attached, the upright

still

the sound-box prepared for removal, the gold head buried in the earth; in the foreground the head-dress of
;

the harpist.
(b)

PG/800; Queen Shub-ad's harp; the upright and the

exposed.

front part of the sound-box

PLATE

39. (a)
(b)

PG/800; the metal collar of one of the asses harnessed to the chariot. PG/800; the skeletons of the two asses harnessed to the chariot; in the centre the electrum and silver rein-ring (U. 10439); '^^ ^^^ right, the skull of one of the
grooms.

PLATE PLATE

40. (a)
(b)

PG/800; the wooden 'wardrobe' chest. PG/800; the south corner of the 'wardrobe' with

objects in position.

41

(a)
(b)

PG/800 PG/800

the north corner of the 'wardrobe', showing the silver heads of lionesses, &c. the NE. end of the 'wardrobe', showing gold, silver, copper, and stone vessels

in position.

PLATE

42. (a)
(b)

PG/800; the
vault
still

inside of the

tomb-chamber looking north-west, with part of the brick

in situ objects

standing.

PG/800; the SE. end of the tomb-chamber showing evidently fallen from shelves against the wall. PG/800; the
in position.

which have

PLATE

43. (a)
(b)

interior of the

tomb-chamber, the NE. wall with stone and metal vases

;

The

head-dress of Queen Shub-ad in situ the pins and amulets are seen by the right shoulder the bulk of the beads covering the upper part of the body had been removed before the photograph was taken.
;

PLATE

44. (a)
(b)

PG/823; copper and stone vessels, beads worn and gold tweezers. PG/851 the body in position.
;

at the shoulder, dagger,

whetstone,

PLATE PLATE

45. (a)
(b)

PG/861 the interior of the wooden cofHn, and PG/1043 the mass of clay vessels in situ.
;

its

contents.

46. (a)
(b)

PG/1050; the outlines of the two mud-brick compartments high up in the shaft; the cross marks the layer of reeds laid over the pottery offerings. PG/1050; second stage of excavation: part of the reed layer removed to show the
pottery below
it.

PLATE

47. (a)
(b)

PG/1050; the second stage of excavation: another view showing the reed
process of removal. PG/1050; the reed layer removed and the pottery and

layer in

human bones

exposed.

PLATE

48. (a)
(b)

PG/1050; the plundered tomb-chamber. Under the distorted copper pot marked X was found the cylinder seal of A-kalam-dug. PG/1050; view looking straight down into the death-pit, showing the decayed condition of the bodies.

PLATE

49. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; the top

level in the shaft, white calcite vase

and traces of wall

visible.

In

the foreground the intrusive burial PG/1053. PG/1054; the top level in the shaft, the outlines of a
visible.

wooden box and

clay vessels

PLATE

50. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; the wooden box cleared

seal of

to show the two gold daggers and the cylinder king Mes-kalam-dug. PG/1054; the cross-wall in the top structure with the two compartments containing clay, copper, and stone vessels.

PLATE

51. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; upper level: the burial A in the south corner of the shaft. PG/1054; second stage of excavation: the layer of pottery and bones extending over
the shaft.

PLATE

52. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; the PG/1054; the

burial

in the west corner of the shaft.

burial

A in the

north corner of the shaft.

viii

LIST OF PLATES
53. (a)
(b)

PLATE

PG/1054; the wooden

interior.

coffin of burial

C, the right-hand end cut away to expose the

label

PG/1054; section in the shaft, showing clay vessels in tiers one above the other (the is on the level of the base of the wooden coffin of Burial C shown in the upper
coffin.

photograph).

PLATE

54. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; the burial C, showing the interior of the PG/1054; clearing the top of the stone dome.

PLATE PLATE

55. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; the top of the stone dome, showing the holes left by the centering-beams. PG/1054; digging down to the entrance of the chamber. PG/1054; the
door.
front of the

56. (a)
(b)

domed chamber from

the courtyard, showing the opened

floor of the chamber, showing the remains of woodwork overlying the bodies (photograph taken through one of the holes in the roof).

PG/1054; the

PLATE

57. (a)
(b)

PG/1054; the interior of the domed chamber; the side wall and the springers of the dome. PG/1054; the interior of the chamber; view of the dome looking up to the capstone.

PLATE

58. (a)

PG/1068: 'the Grave of the Little Princess'; stone vases in position with the gold cup U. 11551 in one of them; in the centre, miniature wreaths of gold leaves and
rings.

(b)

PG/io69; the grave PG/iioo; the grave

coffin-lid.

cleared, with the objects in situ.

as first discovered, the holes in the soil
is

PLATE

59. (a)

due

to the decay of the

upright stays of the coffin-sides; the roof

(b)

of

mud

bricks laid over the

wooden

PG/iioo; the grave cleared, showing along the and upright stays of the coffin.

sides the impression of the planks

PLATE

60.

(a)PG/ii3o; jewellery

in position, fillets of gold ribbon, a wreath with gold ring pendants, pin, cylinders, beads, &c. (Z))PG/ii4i; remains of the rectangular clay coffin, with decoration based on the upright stays of the wooden coffins.

PLATE
PLATE

61. (a)
(b)

PG/1219; a rectangular ribbed clay coffin. PG/1234; the grave with gold head-dress and pots

in situ.

62. (a)

PG/1232

front

and back wheels of the wooden wagon, with the copper pots which
floor-level in

(b)

were inside it. PG/1232; weapons and metal vessels resting on matting on the lower
the corner of the shaft.

PLATE

63. (a)
(b)

PG/1236; the doorway; the stonework of the arched entry is faced with cement, the blocking of the doorway mud-plastered. PG/i 236 ; the two central domed chambers and the NE. vaulted chamber, seen from
above.

PLATE

64.

(fl)

PG/1236 the two

;

central

domed chambers and

the

SW. vaulted chamber, seen from

SE. end and
face

above.
(b)

PG/1236 the NE. chamber

;

as discovered, with the robbers' hole at the

the rest of the roof intact.

PLATE

65. (a)
(b)

PG/1236 the SE. end of the NE. chamber, showing the white cement
;

on walls

and floor. PG/1236; the

in position.

NW. end of the NE. chamber, showing the cement floor and clay pots
to the

PLATE

66. (a)
{b)

PG/1236; the doorway from the domed chamber B PG/1236; chambers B, C, and D, showing at X the of the communicating door.
;

NE. chamber A.
frame

vertical post-hole for the

PLATE

67. (a)
(b)

PG/1236 the doorway from chamber B to chamber C, showing the at X the groove for the wooden door-frame. PG/1236; chamber C, the remains of the stone dome.
,

fallen lintel and,

LIST OF PLATES

PLATE

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE PLATE PLATE
PLATE
92. 93.

The The

Standard, U. 11164: the 'War' panel. Standard, U. 11164: the end panels.

94. Reconstruction of the mosaic

on the wardrobe of Queen Shub-ad, U. 10441-2.

;

95. Gaming-boards. (a) U. 10478, from Queen Shub-ad's tomb three dice, U. 10478; a set of gaming-pieces, U. 8632.
96.

(b)

U. 9000, from PG/513

PLATE
PLATE PLATE

Gaming-board U. 10557, from PG/789, and and shale found inside it.

a complete set of gaming-pieces in shell

97. Part of an inlaid gaming-board, 98. (a) Shell gaming-pieces

U.

11 162,

from PG/779.

and

(b)

a complete set from the

tomb

of

Queen Shub-ad,

U. 10478.
PLATE
99. (a) Shell carvings U. 9905, U. 9906, (b) Parts of an inlaid gaming-board,
shell

U. 9907, from PG/580. U. 9776, from PG/580.

PLATE 100. Engraved

plaques from various graves.

birds.

PLATE loi.
PLATE 102. PLATE 103.

(a)
(b)

U. 8191 and U. 8198; shells cut as lamps and carved with heads of U. 10437; mother-of-pearl handle from Queen Shub-ad's tomb.

(a)
(b)

U. 8313 bird of shell and mosaic. U. 7900; shell plaque engraved with scene of
;

a priest pouring libations.

(a)

Mother-of-pearl toilet-box, U. 14483 A. (b) Queen Shub-ad's inlaid toilet-box lid, U. 10436. (c) Engraved shell plaques U. 9112. (d), (e) Shell handles, U. 10988

and U. 8935.
PLATE 104. Engraved shell plaques from the sound-boxes of U. 12354.
PLATE 105. Engraved shell plaques with mythological U. 10556 in PG/789. PLATE 106.
(a)
(?)

lyres,

U. 10577, U. 10412, U. 12353,

scenes from the sound-box of the lyre

of the sound-box

The

lyre,

U. 10556,

in situ,

showing the impression in the

as

soil

and back upright PG/789.

(b)

The

front of the lyre

U. 10556

removed, preparatory to cleaning.

beard from the sound-box of the lyre U. 10556.

PLATE 107. The gold head of a bull with

Restored.

lapis-lazuli

PLATE 108.

(a)

(b)

Queen Shub-ad's harp in situ, PG/800, showing the shell plaques and part of the mosaic border of the sound-box attached together and to the gold head. The front of Queen Shub-ad's harp, U. 104 12, as restored.
detail of the

PLATE 109. U. 10412, Queen Shub-ad's harp, restored.

PLATE no. U. 10412, Queen Shub-ad's harp: PLATE III. U. 12354,

silver lyre

sound-box.

from the Great Death-pit, PG/1237.

PLATE 112. U. 12355, silver stag lyre from the Great Death-pit. PLATE 113. (fl) U. 12356, copper statue of stags from the Great Death-pit. (b) U. 12353, the mosaic border of the gold lyre's sound-box as removed from the
PLATE 114. U. 12353, the gold lyre from the Great Death-pit. PLATE 115. U. 12353, the golden bull's head from the gold lyre.
PLATE 116. U. 12435, copper PLATE 117.
(a)
(b)

soil.

bull's

head and

shell plaques

from

a lyre,

PG/1332.

PLATE 118.

(a)

(b)

from a lyre, PG/1332. U. 12353, gld head of a bull from the gold lyre. PG/1151 the plaster cast of the wooden lyre, U. 12351, in situ after the earth had been cut away on one side; the strings of the lyre visible in the soil. The plaster cast of the lyre, U. 12351, removed from the soil, showing the betterbull
;

U. 12435, copper head of a

preserved face.

PLATE 119. PLATE 120.

(a), (b)

U. 12351 the copper bull's head and engraved shell plaque from the plaster lyre.
;

(a)
(b)

U. 10916; silver head of a cow from Queen Shub-ad's tomb. U. 10577; copper head of a bull from a lyre in PG/789.

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE 121.
(a), (b)

xi

Two

views of the copper head of a horned demon, U. 11798.

PLATE 122. Reconstruction of the sledge-chariot of Queen Shub-ad, U. 10438. PLATE 123.
(a)
(b)

The body of the reconstructed chariot of Queen Shub-ad seen from behind. The gold lions' heads from the side panel of Queen Shub-ad's chariot in position
the ground.

in

PLATE 124. U. 10438: the top panel of Queen Shub-ad's chariot restored. PLATE 125. U. 10438: small gold heads of bulls and lions from the top bar of Queen Shub-ad's
chariot.

PLATE 126. U. 10438, Queen Shub-ad's chariot: (a) A gold lion's head from the side panel. (b) Silver lion's head and mosaic (as taken from the
runners.
(c)

soil)

from the bar joining the

Two

silver

heads of lionesses from the front of the chariot.

PLATE 127.

(a)
(b)

U. 10465, silver head of a lioness from Queen Shub-ad's tomb. U. 10933, &c.. Queen Shub-ad's head-dress, side view.
^'^

PLATE 128. Queen Shub-ad's head-dress, U. 10933,

PLATE 129. Ornaments from Queen Shub-ad's head-dress. PLATE 130.

(a)
(b)

U. 10937; ^^^

The beads which

'comb' or head-ornament of Queen Shub-ad. covered the upper part of the body of Queen Shub-ad put together as a cloak, U. 10975, &c.
gol"^

PLATE 131. Examples of beads from Queen Shub-ad's cloak. PLATE 132. Specimens of beads. PLATE 133. Specimens of beads and pendants. PLATE 134. Specimens of beads and pendants. PLATE 135. Examples of 'wreaths'.

PLATE 136. Example of the

PLATE 137.
(a)
(b)
(c)

silver

'comb' head-dress.

U. 8212, silver head ornament. U. 9340, gold toilet-set.

Cockle-shells, real

and of

silver,

containing paint.

PLATE 138. Gold finger-rings, ear-rings, PLATE 139. U. 8173, gold

fillet

filigree disks,

and bead.

with stamped decoration of

men and

animals.

PLATE 140. U. 10948, the diadem of Queen Shub-ad.

PLATE 141. U. 10948, gold ornaments from the diadem of Queen Shub-ad.
PLATE 142. Amulets in gold and stone and PLATE 143. Amulets.
shell.

PLATE 144. U. 12380; head-dress of a

woman (body

61)

from the Great Death-pit.

PLATE 145. Jewellery from the body 51 in the Great Death-pit. PLATE 146.
(a)
(b)
(c)

U. 9657, gold filigree bead. U. 12467, gold ear-rings of unusual type. U. 13788-96, Gold objects from PG/1618.
U. 17912; objects from PG/1850, U. 17813 objects from PG/1847,
;

PLATE 147.
PLATE 148.

(a)
(b)

burial 9. burial R.

(a) Skull of a soldier

(b)

wearing a copper helmet, PG/789.

A woman's
order,

skull with its head-dress of wreaths, beads, &c.,

waxed and removed

in

PG/1237.

PLATE 149.

(a) Skulls of

{b)

two of the soldiers wearing copper helmets photographed in situ in the dromos of PG/789. U. 1041 1 gold spear-heads with gold and silver binding from the shafts and a gold butt with copper fork for the throwing-string, PG/789.
;

PLATE 150.

[a), ib)

The Gold Helmet

of Mes-kalam-dug,

U. loooo: front and back views.

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE 183. U.
1

xiii

1678, carved limestone mace-head.

PLATE 184. Copper Vessels.

PLATE 185. Copper Vessels.

PLATE 186. U. PLATE 187. PLATE 188. PLATE 189. PLATE 190.
(fl)
1

1838, painted clay pot of Susa II style.

(b)

U. 10747, clay vase handle in the form of a woman. U. 10183, clay vase with decorated handle recalling the human type.

(a)
(h)

U. 14461,

clay

zoomorphic vase, or

toy, in the

form of

cow on wheels.

Imprint of a circular basket.

(a)

Bronze spears with owners' marks.

pin with

(a), (b), (c)

PLATE 191.

human hand as head, U. 8014. Marks on gold and bronze weapons. (d), (e) Inscriptions on metal bowls, U. 7994, 10081. Inscriptions from the Cemetery.
(b) Silver

PLATES 192-216. Impressions of cylinder

seals.

PLATE 217. Embossed patterns on PLATE 218. Head-dresses as

and gold, U. 11794 and U. 12457. worn, helmets and varia.

silver
fillets;

PLATE 219. Types of ear-rings and

amulets, brooches, &c.

PLATE 220. Specimens of bead-stringing, &c.

PLATE 221. Gaming-pieces, stone and clay

PLATE 222. Woodwork.

varia.

PLATE 223. Types of cast bronze axes.

PLATE 224. Unusual axe types, &c. PLATE 225. Types of hammered copper axes.

PLATE 226. Types of hammered copper axes; bows; metal holdfasts, &c. PLATE 227. Types of spears and arrows.

PLATE 228. Types of knives and daggers.

PLATE 229. Types of saws, adzes, PLATE 230. Types of
tools,

chisels,

and

tools.

&c.
toilet

PLATE 231. Types of pins, needles, and

PLATES 232-40. Types of Metal Vessels. PLATES 241-50. Types of Stone Vessels. PLATES 251-67. Types of Clay Vessels.

instruments.

PLATES 268, 269. Skulls of Queen Shub-ad and of Mes-kalam-dug.

PLATE 270. Section showing the

excavations.

strata

on the face of the cutting

area, illustrating the

at the

SW. end

of the cemetery

PLATE 271. Section across the cemetery

growth of the rubbish-mounds.

Pit',

PLATE 272. Section from the SW. Temenos Wall of Nebuchadnezzar through the 'Flood showing strata earlier than the First Dynasty of Ur. PLATE 273. Plan of the Royal Tombs. PLATE 274. General plan of the cemetery area containing the Royal Graves.

PLATE

E- GI5H -SHIR.

GAL

THE TEMENOS OF UR
THIRD DYNA5TY PERIOD C 2)00 BC. SHOWING THE RELATION OF THE ROYAL TOMBS TO THE BUILDINGS OP THE HISTORIC PERIODS

MAUSOLEA OF DUNGI AND

BUR-SIN

F. G.

A. S.
C. L.

NEWTON. WHITBURN, A.R.I.B.A. WOOLLEY, HON. A.R.I.B.A.

ROSE,
A.R.I.B.A.
. .

SCALE Of

METRES

J.

C.

MENS ET DELT

I922-I932.

PLATE

PLATE

a.

GENERAL VIEW: EARLY STAGES OF THE EXCAVATION

b.

VIEW SHOWING

A,

THE ROYAL TOMB PG/779, B, THE SITE OF THE GRAVE OF MES-KALAM-DUG, PG/755, C, THE ROYAL TOMB PG/777
V. p. 4

PLATE

^9

< m

'''f.sM

w
t^

O
-2

-S

<

pq

PLATE

a.

THE EXCAVATION OF THE CEMETERY: ONE OF THE EARTH-CUT STAIRWAYS LEADING

DOWN FROM THE

SURFACE

b.

WORK

IN THE UPPER LEVELS AT THE NE. END OF THE CEMETERY AREA

Above, the footings of the Temenos Wall of Nebuchadnezzar

V. p.

12

PLATE

a.

THE sw. END OF THE EXCAVATioxs,

i)i-(i:Mi;i:i;

nj^s,

~ii()\\ iN(, (,kA\"i:s

at different levels

h.

GENERAL VIEW OF THE CEMETERY EXCAVATIONS LOOKING

SE.

A= B =

grave of Mes-kalam-dug,
the royal tomb,

PG/7S5
V. p.

C=

the royal tomb,

PG/779
4

D=

PG/10S4 the 'Great Death-pit', PG/1237

PLATE

a.

THE EARTH FACE OF THE SOUTH CORNER OF THE EXCAVATED AREA, SHOWING THE STRATIFICATION OF THE RUBBISH

MOUNDS
V. p.

220

b.

PG/1845. THE SLOPING MASS OF BUILDERS.' RUBBISH TIPPED INTO THE PLUNDERED SHAFT AT THE TIME OF THE BUILDING OF BUR-SIN'S TOMB
V. pp. 18,

187

PLATE

10

J^:^
\,,

'^IflE

a. PG/39.

ABOVE THE DEDICATION BOWL IS A CURVED BAND OF GREY ASH AND BURNT EARTH THE POINT OF THE MEASURING-ROD COMES AGAINST THIS STRATUM, t). p. 147
;

h.

PG/55. GOLD FILLET, SHEET LEAD, STONE VESSELS, ETC., IN POSITION,

v. p.

148

PLATE

II

a.

PG/333. THE CLAY COI'FIX, AND OFFERINGS BESIDE IT

V. pp. 138, 151

h.

PG/337. GOLD HEAD ORNAMENTS, ETC., IN POSITION

V. p.

43

PLATE

12

PG/337
a.
b.

LIME FLOOR AND DRAIN HIGH UP IN THE TOMB-SHAFT

A, A, A,

THE BOTTOM OF THE SHAFT.

CLAY VESSELS;
D.

B, B,

COPPER VESSELS;

C,

SILVER BELT

p.44

PLATE

13

a.

PG/337. STONE VASES LYING ABOVE THE GRAVE,

v. p.

45

PG/580. THE GOLD DAGGER, TOILET SET

AND CYLINDER SEAL ATTACHED TO THE SILVER BELT,

PLATE

14

i
^-^
a.

.^jji
THE SOIL OF THE WOODEN LID OF THE COFFIN
V. p.

PG/389. THE IMPKi:-Mi

,\

)N

137

h.

COFFIN-LID OF WITHIES

ON A LIGHT WOODEN FRAME

137

V. p.

PLATE

15

PLATE
'''**v*.^/'/>r'^*'''

i6

n.

PG/527.

MODEL BOAT AND CLAY

POTS.

?. p.

145

^4^

*^^fS^^^' /#:^'*?#i:^.-: ^i^Kfi?>gp

A.

PG/622. BODY IN POSITION

V. p.

139

PLATE

17

..j;
a.

PG/659. A SQUARE-ENDED CLAY LARNAX, THE END CUT

AWAY BY THE THIRD DYNASTY DRAIN

^f"**^-

'

'^>
i.

(***

ANOTHER VIEW OF THE SAME. BEYOND

IS

PG/661, AN INHUMATION GRAVE ALSO DISTURBED BY THE DRAIN BUILDERS

PTLATE

i8

a.

PG

()7I.

BODY AND OBJECTS IN POSITION

V. p.

205

%ik

b.

PG/673.

BODY AND OBJECTS

IN POSITION

PLATE K

a.

PG/67S

BITUMEN BOAT CHARGED WITH A CARGO OF CLAY POTS. THE WHOLE WAS COVERED WITH MATTING OF WHICH TRACES CAN BE SEEN
V. p.

145
ITS

b.

PG/627. BITUMEN BOAT

WITH
304

CARGO OF CLAY POTS

V. p.

PLATE

20

a.

PG/72I.

AN UNUSUALLY LARGE BITUMEN BOAT, WITH CLAY AND COPPER POTS, LYING ABOVE THE BODY GRAVE-SHAFT. THE REED SKELETON ON WHICH THE BOAT WAS MODELLED CAN BE SEEN

IN THE

h.

PG/760. HEAD-DRESS IN POSITION: SILVER FLOVTOR 'COMB', THE PETALS INLAID WITH GOLD, SHELL, ETC. (cf. PL. 136), LARGE GOLD EAR-RINGS, GOLD WREATH AND BEADS

PL,ATE

22

PG/777
a.
h.

THE SHAFT CLEARED TO ROOF-LEVEL

THE STONES OF THE FALLEN ROOF EXPOSED

V- P-

S3

PLATE

23

a.

PG/777. THE SW. SIDE OF THE SHAFT

SHOWING STRATIFIED RUBBISH, AND THE WALLS OF THE STONE CHAMBER BUILT IN THE SHAFT. V. p. 14

b.

PG/777. INTERIOR OF THE

CHAMBER

SHOV\Ii\C (x X X) IHL HOLES IN

v.

THE STONEWORK LEFT

BY THE ROOFING-BEAMS,

pp. 53, 233

PLATE

24

(J

ca

^-

u_

PLATE

25

PG/779
a.
b.

VIEW OF THE DOORWAY LOOKING UP THE SLOPED DROMOS VIEW FROM THE DOOR WITH THE INTERIOR OF THE TOMB
V. p.

57

PLATE

26

PG/779
h.

CHAMBER A, THE NE. END GENERAL VIEW LOOKING DOWN INTO THE TOMB
a.
V.

pp. 57, 233

PLATE

27

.r'ii

a. NE.

END OF CHAMBER A, SHOWING THE SYSTEM OF PENDENTIVES AND THE SEMI-CORBELLING OF THE ROOF

b.

NE.

END OF CHAMBER C, SHOWING THE CEMENT FLOOR WITH DEPRESSION FOR THE COFFIN AND HOLES PERHAPS FOR THE CANOPY SUPPORTS
V.

pp. 59, 232

PLATE

28

PG/779
a.
b.

CHAMBER
CHAMBER
V. p.

D, NE. D, SW.

END

END

57

PLATE

29

GRAVE 789

GROUND-PLAN OF

PG/789,

SHOWING THE POSITION OF OBJECTS AND

V. p.

BODIES

62

PLATE

30

PLATE

31

a.

THE TOMB-CHAMBER BEFORE EXCAVATION, SHOWING THE FALLEN BRICKWORK AND THE STANDING RING OF THE VAULT
V. p.

62

b.

THE TOMB-CHAMBER AFTER EXCAVATION, SHOWING THE VAULT AND APSIDAL END IN BURNT BRICK RESTING ON WALLS OF LIMESTONE RUBBLE
V.

pp. 63, 233

PLATE

32

PG/789
a. THE STANDING RINGS OF THE BRICK VAULT, AND THE NE. WALL OF LIMESTONE RUBBLE THE SE. WALL OF THE TOMB-CHAMBER SEEN FROM THE OUTSIDE, SHOWING THE BRICK ARCH OF THE DOOR, THE DOOR-BLOCKING OF BRICK AND STONE, THE WALL OF LIMESTONE RUBBLE PLASTERED WITH CLAY AND, ABOVE, THE REMAINS OF THE BRICK VAULT
V.

b.

pp. 233-s

PLATE

33

PG/789.
a.
h.

THE WAGONS

THE TWO NEAR WHEELS OF THE FIRST WAGON, SEEN FROM THE INSIDE

THE SECOND WAGON SEEN FROM THE OUTSIDE, SHOWING BOTH SETS OF WHEELS AND THE REMAINS OF THE AXLES. A SILVER BOWL LIES BY THE BACK AXLE
V. p.

64

PLATE

34

a.

PG/789. THE THE REMAINS OF THE FIRST WAGON WITH ITS REINS AND REIN-RING b. THE REINS AND REIN-RING OF THE FIRST WAGON in sitU
V. p.

WAGONS

64

PLATE

35

PG/789
a.

THE SKELETON OF ONE OF THE OXEN ATTACHED TO THE WAGONS, SHOWING THE SILVER RING IN THE NOSE b. SKULLS OF TWO OF THE OXEN, EACH WITH A SILVER RING IN THE NOSE
V. p.

64

PLATE

36

GROUND-PLAN OF QUEEN SHUB-AD'S DEATH-PIT AND TOMB-CHAMBER

i>-

PG/800

p. 73

PLATE

37

No.

No. 4

No.

No. 6

PG/800.

HEAD-DRESSES OF QUEEN SHUB-AD'S

V.

WOMEN

pp. 73

et seq.

PLATE

38

-;f.3os=S

PG/800. U. 10412.
a.
:

QUEEN SHUB-AD'S HARP

The harp in position, showing the gold head (A) attached to the mosaic border which is covered with wax and mushn for removal the upright is still buried in the high earth to the left. By the harp, the head-ornaments
of the harpist. The harp upright with its gold band and keys in position exposed by the removal of the soil: the mosaic border of the square end of the sounding-box, and remains of silver plate below it.
V. Pis. 104, io8-io,

b.

and pp. 74

et seq.

PLATE

39

PG/800.
a.
b.

TOMB OF QUEEN SHUB-AD

U. IO439;

THE COPPER COLLAR OF ONE OF THE ASSES

AT

THE SKELETONS OF THE TWO ASSES ATTACHED TO THE CHARIOT. IN THE CENTRE, THE REIN-RING, (a) a COPPER COLLAR AT (b) THE SKULL OF ONE OF THE GROOMS
;

V. PI.

166 and p. 78

PLATE

40

hV;^i^^
b

PG/800.

THE WOODEN 'WARDROBE' CHEST

V. p.

80

PLATE

41

b.

PG/800. THE WOODEN 'WARDROBE' CHEST THE NORTH COimER. A-A, THE CHEST; B, B, SILVER LIONS' HEADS; C, SILVER VESSELS; D, GOLD VESSELS THE NE. END. A-A, THE CHEST; B, SILVER VESSELS; C, COPPER VESSELS; D, GOLD VESSELS; E, STONE VESSELS; F, SILVER lion's HEAD
a.
V. p.

80

PLATE

42

PLATE

43

PG/Soo
a.
h.

THE INTERIOR OF THE TOMB-CHAMBER, NE.

SIDE,

SHOWING STONE AND METAL VESSELS IN POSITION

THE HEAD-DRESS OF QUEEN SHUB-AD IN POSITION. THE PINS AND AMULETS ARE SEEN BY THE RIGHT SHOULDER. THE BULK OF THE BEADS COVERING THE UPPER PART OF THE BODY HAD BEEN REMOVED BEFORE THE PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN
V. p.

87

PLATE

44

b.

PG/851.

BODY IN POSITION

PLATE

45

^^.x

PLATE

46

05

o a S Q

ffi

PLATE

47

PG/1050
a.

THE SECOND STAGE OF EXCAVATION. ANOTHER VIEW SHOWING THE REED LAYER IN PROCESS OF REMOVAL b. ALL THE REED LAYER REMOVED AND THE POTTERY AND HUMAN BONES EXPOSED
V. p. 91

PLATE

^^^

1*^

i^^^^

i^^*>...

PG/ioso
a.

THE PLUNDERED TOMB-CHAMBER. UNDER THE DISTORTED COPPER POT

V. p.

(x)

WAS FOUND THE SEAL OF A-KALAM-DUG

94

b.

VIEW LOOKING STRAIGHT

DOWN

INTO PART OF THE 'dEATH-PIT' AND SHOWING THE DECAYED CONDITION OF

THE BODIES
V, p.

91

PLATE

49

""^1^'

'

-^

PG/IOS4.
a.

THE TOP LEVEL IN THE SHAFT

WHITE CALCITE VASE AND TRACES OF WALLING. IN THE FOREGROUND THE INTRUSIVE BURIAL PG/1053
b.

THE WHITE CALCITE VASE, OUTLINES OF WOODEN BOX, AND CLAY VESSELS
V. p.

97

PLATE

50

PG/1054
a.
b.

THE UPPER LEVELS IN THE SHAFT

THE WOODEN BOX OPENED TO SHOW TWO GOLD DAGGERS AND THE CYLINDER SEAL OF KING MES-KALAM-DUG THE CROSS WALL OF THE TOP STRUCTURE WITH THE TWO COMPARTMENTS CONTAINING CLAY, COPPER, AND STONE VESSELS
V. p.

97

PLATE

51

...^ '>^-

^v^v-:

PG/1054
a.
b.

UPPER LEVEL, THE BURIAL

(a)

IN THE SOUTH CORNER OF THE SHAFT

SECOND STAGE OF EXCAVATIONS: THE LAYER OF POTTERY AND BONES EXTENDING OVER THE SHAFT
II.

p. 99

PLATE

52

a.

PG/1054. THE SHAFT THE BURIAL B IN THE WEST CORNER b. THE BURIAL A

PLATE

53

PG/1054.
a.

THE SHAFT

h.

THE RIGHT-HAND END BROKEN AWAY TO EXPOSE THE INTERIOR SECTION IN THE SHAFT SHOWING CLAY VESSELS IN TIERS ONE ABOVE ANOTHER. THE LABEL IS ON THE LEVEL OF THE WOODEN COFFIN SHOWN IN THE UPPER PHOTOGRAPH
C,
V. p.

THE WOODEN COFFIN OF BURIAL

99

PLATE

54

a.

THE BURIAL
b.

C,

PG/IOS4 SHOWING THE INTERIOR OF THE COFFIN

V. p.

99

CLEARING THE TOP OF THE STONE DOME

V. p. 103

PLATE

55

P'

\J

PG/I0S4
a.

THE TOP OF THE STONE DOME, SHOWING THE HOLES LEFT BY THE CENTERING BEAMS
V. p.

234

b.

DIGGING

DOWN TO THE TOMB-CHAMBER ENTRANCE

V. p. 103

PLATE

s6

PG/1054.
a.
h.

THE CHAMBER

THE FRONT OF THE DOMED CHAMBER FROM THE COURTYARD, SHOWING THE OPENED DOOR

THE FLOOR OF THE CHAMBER, SHOWING THE REMAINS OF WOODWORK OVERLYING THE BODIES (PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN THROUGH ONE OF THE BEAM-HOLES IN THE ROOF). AT (x) A COPPER POT, GOLD EAR-RING, AND GOLD RIBBON
V. p. 103

PLATE

57

PG/1054.
a. h.

THE INTERIOR OF THE DOMED CHAMBER

THE SIDE WALL AND THE SPRINGERS OF THE DOME

VIEW OF THE ROOF LOOKING UP TO THE CAP-STONE

V. p.

235

PLATE

58

a.

PG/1068. 'the grave of the little princess.' stone vases in position; in one of them the gold CUP U. 1x551 IN THE centre WREATHS OF GOLD LEAVES AND GOLD RINGS
:

V. p. 162 b.

PG/1069. THE GRAVE CLEARED, WITH OBJECTS

V. p.

in sitU

164

PLATE

59

^^^fi^'>^-

PG/iioo
a.

THE GRAVE AS FIRST DISCOVERED. THE HOLES IN THE SOIL ARE DUE TO THE DECAY OF THE UPRIGHT STAYS OF THE COFFIN-SIDES WHERE THE ROOF HAS FALLEN THE IMPRESSION OF THESE IN THE SOIL CAN BE SEEN. THE ROOF IS OF MUD BRICKS LAID OVER THE WOODEN LID OF THE COFFIN
:

b.

THE GRAVE CLEARED ALONG THE

:

SIDES

THE IMPRESSION OF THE WOODEN PLANKS AND UPRIGHT STAYS OF THE

V. p.

COFFIN
164

PLATE

60

a.

PG/1130. THE JEWELLERY IN POSITION: GOLD RIBBON FILLETS, A W KI .\T1I W 11 H GOLD PENDANT RINGS, REMAINS OF DIADEM WITH GOLD ANIMAL AND FRUIT PENDANTS, PIN, CYLINDERS, BEADS, ETC.
V. p.

165

h.

PG/iI4I. REMAINS OF A RECTANGULAR CLAY COFFIN

WITH RIBBED DECORATION BASED ON THE UPRIGHT STAYS OF WOODEN AND WICKERWORK COFFINS
V. p.

138

PLATE

6i

a. PG/1219. A RECTANGULAR RIBBED CLAY COFFIN (the stone vessels in front are at a lower level and belong to PG/1220)
V. p.

38
situ

b.

PG/1234. gold head-dress, clay pots, etc., in

V. p. 171

PLATE

62

PG/1232
a.

THE IMPRESSIONS OF THE CHARIOT WHEELS, AND COPPER VESSELS

b.

WEAPONS AND METAL VESSELS RESTING ON MATTING ON THE LOWER FLOOR-LEVEL IN THE CORNER OF THE PIT

PLATE

63

PG/1236
a.

THE DOORWAY, THE STONEWORK OF THE ARCHED DOOR FACED WITH CEMENT, THE BLOCKING OF THE DOORWAY MUD-PLASTERED
b.

THE TWO CENTRAL DOMED CHAMBERS AND THE NE. VAULTED CHAMBER, SEEN FROM ABOVE
V. p. Ill

PLATE

64

PG/1236
a.
b.

THE TWO CENTRAL DOMED CHAMBERS AND THE SW. VAULTED CHAMBER, SEEN FROM ABOVE

THE NE. CHAMBER

AS DISCOVERED:

THE ROBBERS' HOLE AT THE THE ROOF INTACT

SE.

END AND THE REST OF

PLATE

65

oa

a,

< b

ro

2 &

S Q

<;

z a

si
CO
fi

2 ^

PLATE

66

PG/1236
b.

THE DOORWAY FROM THE DOMED CHAMBER B TO THE NE. CHAMBER A CHAMBERS B, C, AND D, SHOWING AT THE VERTICAL POST-HOLE FOR THE FRAME OF THE COMMUNICATING DOOR
a.
J,

V.

pp. Ill, 235, &c.

PLATE

67

PG/1236
a.

THE DOORWAY FROM CHAMBER B TO CHAMBER C: THE FALLEN STONEWORK AND, AT X THE VERTICAL HOLLOW FOR THE WOODEN DOOR-FRAME
,

. p. 23s b.

CHAMBER

C,

THE REMAINS OF THE STONE DOME

V. p.

234

PLATE

69

a.

REMAINS OF CIRCULAR PAVEMENTS OF PLANO-CONVEX BRICK

V. p.

37

/)

THE OFFFRING-T\BLE OF PLANO-CON\ E\ BRICK AND BITUMEN ABOVE PG/1237

V. p.

114

PLATE

70

PG/1237
a.

GENERAL VIEW, SHOWING MEN IN THE 'dEATH-PIT' CLEARING

b.

DOWN TO THE GOLD

OBJECTS

EXCAVATING THE LYRES

V. p.

113

PLATE

71

ATH-PIT

PG.

1237

THE BODIES

IN

POSITION IN THE GREAT DEATH-PIT PG/1237

PLATE

72

PG/1237
EXAMPLES OF WOMEN'S HEAD-DRESSES, SHOWING THE RIBBONS, WREATHS,
V. p.

ETC., IN POSITION IN

THE SOIL

116

PLATE

73

PG/1237.
In In
(a)

DETAILED VIEWS OF THE 'CANOPY',

human
bones, the two silver-plated bars A,
also, at x,
B,

U. 12358

the central bar c with gold bands, silver plating, shell rings and studs and mosaic incrustation, and (d) the curved silver part with mosaic edging.
(6)

can be seen, beyond the

part

more of the curved

is

visible

two of the
V. p. 123

gilt staff-heads.

PLATE

74

PG/1237
a.

THE RUINED COPPER FIGURES OF TWO STAGS,

V. p.

U.

I2356

123

b.

THE HEAD-DRESS

(1t.

12380) OF
V. PI.

BODY NO.

61 IN POSITION

144

PLATE

75

K--^

z/^

^^'
^3i'

>tfC>

PLATE

76

PG/1237.

TWO VIEWS OF THE

LYRES, AS EXCAVATED, LYING IN POSITION

122 and Chapter

V. p.

xn

PLATE

77

S?

^ o g s< o -; < S ^

H a

PLATE

X Z w

o-

^ 'Mf:^

3:

^^.nfj"
.

1-3!^^

..

^'^^^^

'4* />:^

PLATE

79

b.

PG/1578. LARNAX GRAVE CONTAINING A PARTIALLY CREMATED BODV, INTRUSIVE IN PG/1551

PLATE

80

PG/1618
a.

LOOSE BLOCKS OF LIMESTONE PULLED UP FROM THE TOMB-CHAMBER OF VGJlt b. THE PRINCIPAL BODY IN POSITION, WITH GOLD DAGGER, FILLET, ETC.
V. p. iz8

PLATE

8i

a.

PG/1631. THE IMI'HIOR

(JF

THE PLUNDERED STONE CHAMBER

130

V. p.

h.

PG/1648. THE INTERIOR OF THE STONE CHAMBER

V. p.

133

PLATE

82

a.
b.

THE SHAFT IN COURSE OF EXCAVATION DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION OF THE SHAFT

PLATE

*^

i;^3ii^^

/^

1^T,U

b. A,

PG/1847 THE NICHES AND ALTARS ON THE UPPER AND LOWER FLOOR-LEVELS THE TOP NICHE AND ALTAR; B, THE SECOND NICHE AND ALTAR; C, THE WALLED ENCLOSURE;
a.

DD, FIREPLACES
V.

pp. 193-4

PLATE

PG/1847
a.

LOWEST level: above, the wall of the enclosure, resting on mud-brick packing; the BITUMEN BOAT AND REED TABLE IN POSITION AND, IN FRONT, THE COFFIN-PIT
b.

THE table-top: PART OF THE SMOOTH CLAY PLASTER HAS BEEN REMOVED TO EXPOSE THE REEDS
V. p.

194

PLATE

85

PG/1847.

TWO VIEWS OF THE COFFIN

V. p.

(BURIAL

S)

19s

PLATE

a.

PG/1847. DETAIL OF THE COFFIN

V. p.

(s),

SHOWING THE STRING BINDING

137

b.

PG/1851. BITUMEN BOAT, SHOWING THE SKELETON OF WITHIES

V. p.

ON WHICH THE BITUMEN WAS PLASTERED

145

PLATE

87

U.
Scale
c.

2357

A.

'THE

RAM CAUGHT
v.

IN

A THICKET'
M.
Louise Baker pinx,

One
\
(ht.

of the two goat statuettes from the Great Death-pit.

pp. I2i, 264

0-50 m.)

PLATE

S i > p u < n Q <

Z O

PLATE

U. I23S7

B.

THE OTHER RAM STATUETTE FROM

V. p.

PG/i237

264

PLATE

90

I5St?5ESn?i^T~75S

m^
a. V.

12357 A- THE FIGURE FLATTENED BY PRESSURE OF SOIL. v.p. 121

b.

U.

12357

A-

THE FIGURE CUT IN HALF

'fleece' as
v. p.

showing the roots of the

attached to the
264

sides of the body.

C.

U.

1 1

164.

THE STANDARD AS REMOVED FROM THE GROUND PREPARATORY TO CLEANING

V. p.

61

PLATE

91

PLATE

92

PLATE

93

PLATE

94

^X

,-y^^

h\i

/_:.

PLATE

96

U. 10557.

GAMING-BOAED OF SHELL PLAQUES AND

r. p.

GAMING-PIECE3 OF PLAIN SHALE AND ENGRAVED SHELL, A COMPLETE SET, FOUND INSIDE THE HOLLOW BOX OF THE BOARD u. 10557
Scale
c.

LAPIS BORDERS, SET IN SILVER. PG/789

Scale
c.

V. p.

278

276

PLATE

97

Scale c

U.

1 1

162.

PART OF INLAID GAMING-BOARD, SHELL AND LAPIS-LAZULI

PG/779, chamber D.
v. p.

277

PLATE

U. 12318 U. 8454

U. 13200

U. 13200

U. 9306

L'.

13200

U. 9306

U. 9909

Scale

c.

SHELL GAMING-PIECES

iifcTBl'-^

ID-Taa/,

U. 1047S.

SHELL AND BLACK SHALE GAMING-PIECES

FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S GRAVE
V. p.

278

PLATE

99

U. 9905

U. 9906

U. 9907

PG/580

PG/580

SHELL CARVINGS

Scale

c. Y

U. 9776 PG/580

ENGRAVINGS ON SHELL
V. p.

278

PLATE

100

Scale

c.

U. 10917 B

Scale

c. i'o

U. 10917 B

U. I0917 A
V. p. 91

U.

1222

Scale

c.

U. 10447

Scale

c.

U. 10412

U. 10412

Scale

e.

U. 8915 B

U. 8915 A

U.

1862

ENGRAVINGS ON SHELL

PLATE

loi

Scale
a.

c. i U. 8191 U. 8198 SHELLS CUT TO SERVE AS LAMPS, v.

p.

283

b.

U. 10437-

MOTHER-OF-PEARL KNIFE(?)-HANDLE
Scale
c. |.

PG/800.

V. p.

282

PLATE

102

Scale

c.

a. U.

8313. SHELL

LAMP

(?)
V. p.

WITH ENCRUSTED ORNAMENT

282

Scale

c.

b. U.

ygoo. ENGRAVED SHELL PLAQUE V. p. 282

PLATE

103

Scale

c. \

U. 144S3 a V. p. 282

Scale

c.

/o

o
Scale
c.
5-

U. log

Scale
Scale
c.

c.

U. gii2
V. p.

U. 8935
V. p.

261

263

QUEEN SHUB-AD'S TOILET BOX AND OTHER OBJECTS

IN SHELL M. Louise

Baker

del.

PLATE

104

PLATE

105

U. 10556
ENGRAVED SHELL PLAQUES FROM THE LYRE IN PG/789
Scale
c. \.

V. p.

280

PLATE

io6

Slffe^

a.

L'.

10556. PG/789.

THE LYRE

in Situ,

Miowi.NG rut i.MPRhs.siox in the soil oe the sound-box and

BACK UPRIGHT
V. p.

70

6.

U. 10556.

THE FRONT OF THE LYRE AS REMOVED, PREPARATORY TO CLEANING

V. p.

70

PLATE

10

U. 10556. THE GOLD HEAD OF A BULL WITH LAPISLAZULI BEARD FROM THE SOUND-BOX OF THE LYRE

(RESTORED). PG/789
Scale
c.

V. p.

70

PLATE

ic

PLATE

09

U. 10412.
Scale
c.

QUEEN SHUB-AD'S HARP (RESTORED)

v.

i (ht. 1-07 m.)

pp. 74, 249

et seq.

M.

Louise Baker pinx.

PLATE no

U. 10412.
Scale
c.

QUEEN SHUB-AD'S HARP. DETAIL OF SOUND-BOX

V.

pp. 74, 249

et seq.

M.

Louise Baker piiix.

PLATE

III

Scale

c.

JKht. i-o6 m.)

U. 12354.

SILVER LYRE

FROM THE GREAT DEATH-PIT,

V. p.

PG/1237

253

PLATE

112

Scale

c.

4 (ht. i-i6 m.)

U. I235S.

SILVER LYRE

FROM THE GREAT DEATH-PIT,

^-.p-

PG/1237

25s

PLATE

113

a.

U. 12356.

COPPER STATUE OF STAGS.

Scale
c. \.

PG/1237

V. p. 123

b.

U. 12353.

THE MOSAIC BORDER OF THE LYRE'S SOUND-BOX AS REMOVED FROM THE SOIL
Scale
c. \.

V. p.

252

PLATE

114

U. 12353.
Scale
c.
j3j

THE GOLD LYRE FROM THE GREAT DEATH-PIT,

v. p.

(ht. 1-20

m.)

252

PG/1237 M. Louise Baker pinx.

PLATE

115

U. 12353.

THE GOLDEN BULL'S HEAD FROM THE LYRE.

Scale
c.

PG/1237

f.

V. p.

122

PLATE

ii6

r%r

-':

4^C-

U. 12435.
Scale
c.

COPPER HEAD AND SHELL PLAQUES FROM A LYRE. PG/1332

V. p.

126

M.

Louise Baker

del. et

pinx.

PLATE

117

z w P S O
.

2 S w S a
S CO *
(X,

>< -^

(K

H a 2

S-'^^

PLATE

ii8

Scale

c.

x%

(ht.

o-go m.)

PG/iisi
THE PLASTER CAST OF THE WOODEN LYRE U. I2351 ill sitU AFTER THE EARTH HAD BEEN CUT AWAY ON ONE SIDE. THE WHITE LINES OF THE STRINGS ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE. THE THIRD UPRIGHT WAS NOT ATTACHED TO THE LYRE
a.
b.

THE PLASTER CAST OF THE LYRE REMOVED FROM THE

V. p.

SOIL,

SHOWING THE BETTER-PRESERVED FACE

256

PLATE

119

Q<
^.^

Q < W X
en

J P
P3 PS
CL,

o O W

PLATE

120

a.

U. 10916.

SILVER COW'S HEAD.

Scale
c. ^.

PG/800

V. pp. 91, 301

b.

U. 10577.

COPPER BULL'S HEAD. PG/789

Scale
c. ^.

V. p. 69

PLATE

121

PLATE

122

Scale

c. !?5

(Ht., excluding runner, 1-15 m.)

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SLEDGE-CHARIOT OF QUEEN SHUB-AD,

V. p.

U. 10438

78

PLATE

123

PG/800. U. 10438.
a.
h.

THE CHARIOT OF QUEEN SHUB-AD

:

THE CHARIOT AS RESTORED (tHE RUNNERS ARE NOT SHOWN)

BULLS' HEADS FROM THE THREE LIONS' HEADS OF THE SIDE PANEL IN POSITION IN THE EARTH ONE OF THE SMALL THE TOP RAIL IS ALSO VISIBLE
V. p.

78

PLATE

124

PLATE

125

Scale

c.

Scale

c.

PG/800. U. 10438.

SMALL GOLD HEADS OF BULLS AND LIONS FROM THE TOP BAR OF THE QUEEN'S CHARIOT
V. p.

78

PLATE

126

'rS^^

Scale

c.

Scale

c.

Scale

c.

PG/800. U. 10438.
a.
b.

THE CHARIOT OF QUEEN SHUB-AD

One

of the lions' heads

from the

side panel.

c.

Part of the front bar joining the runners, with the mosaic decoration and one of the two small silver heads with shell and lapis mane (as taken from the soil). Two silver lionesses' heads from the front of the chariot.
V. p.

78

PLATE

127

PLATE

128

HEAD-DRESS OF QUEEN SHUB-AD,

Scale
c. I.

U. 10933, etc.

V. p.

84

PLATE

129

ORNAMENTS FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S HEAD-DRESS

PLATE

130

PLATE

131

^*B^i^^<i^l|Ju;;^^rii ,^d^tff^
.Ij^

W^ W'^^^^^^^^^

" O ^ T I
i

(>

>

<*

BEADS OF GOLD, LAPIS-LAZULI, AND CARNELIAN FROM THE CLOAK OF QUEEN SHUB-AD
Slightly reduced
v. p.

87

M.

Louise Baker del.

PLATE

132

U. 12474 PG/1422

BEADS
Scale
c.

V. p.

185

M.

Louise Baker del.

PLATE

133

*/-"y>^'-'"'"

U.8527

U. 8565

Jlll^^iO#5|)>^X^<(^H
EXAMPLES OF BLEACHED CARNELIAN BEADS

Scale

e.

U.

1 1

806

C,

1 1

807

child's HEAD ORNAMENT, PG/1133

BEADS
V. pp. 167,

371

M.

Louise Baker

del.

PLATE

134

U. 8569

BEADS
V.

Ch.

XVIII

M.

Louise Baker

del.

PLATE

135

U. 11558

U. 12380.

HEAD-DRESS OF THE

WOMAN
v. p.

NO.

61
PI.

IN
144

THE 'GREAT DEATH-PIT',

PG/1237

Slightly reduced

120 and

PLATE

136

SILVER HAIR ORNAMENT.

Scale
c.

PG/1237

j%

V. p.

240

PLATE

137

*r.

a.

U. 8212.

SILVER HAIR
Scale
c. i.

ORNAMENT
240

b.

U. 9340.

GOLD TOILET-SET.
t.'.

PG/580

V. p.

p. 51

c.

COCKLE-SHELLS, REAL

AND OF

SILVER,
248

CONTAINING TOILET PAINT

V. pp. 245,

PLATE

138

GOLD FINGER-RINGS, EAR-RINGS,

Scale
c. \,

ETC.
M.
Louise Baker
del.

but U. 9779 enlarged by

-J.

'-'

P- 241. ^'^

PLATE

139

\^-

lU

}*^,:Si.

PLATE

140

.IH

Q <
pq P3 CD

W w p

o
o ^
Q

r)o

^]#^

tr?;'ii;-}4ij/

Mf

irapf|p?'i|'if

PLATE

141

Scale

c. J

B.
i^^

Scale

c.

U. 10948.

GOLD ORNAMENTS FROM THE DIADEM OF QUEEN SHUB-AD

V. p.

89

PLATE

142

Vr
U. 12469

V
J.

U. 8005

u. 9078

U. 10008

;.

U.291S

{.

U. 10943

\u..

U. 10944

1.

U. 10945

^
-I
_-_ J,*..,!"'"
I

\.

U. 11232

-].

U.

1 1

904

.W^-^'i,

V
}.

U.

1776

\.

U. 10009

AMULETS, ETC.
M.
Louise Baker pinx.

PLATE

143

4
b.

U. 8642

c. j'o

PLATE

144

Scale

c.

PG/1237. U. 13380.

HEAD-DRESS OF A

WOMAN

(BODY
120,

61)

FROM THE GREAT DEATH-PIT

V. PI. 135,

and pp.

240

PLATE

14s

U. 12406.

JEWELLERY FROM BODY

No.

51.

PG/1237

PLATE

146

a.

U. 9657.
V. p.

GOLD BEAD
371

b.

U. 12467.

GOLD EAR-RINGS

U. 13790

GOLD OBJECTS FROM

Scale
c.

PG/1618

i.

v.

pp. 128, 243

PLATE

147

00 00
m^!
<p
1"*'"

PLATE u

a.

PG/789. SKULL OF SOLDIER WEARING COPPER

V. p. 63

HELMET

b.

PG/1237. HEAD-DRESS

WAXED AND REMOVED WITH

V. p.

ITS

BEADS ETC., IN ORDER

ii6

PLATE

149

hi'
<:
PQ

b;

o D

R i o z

tn

3 H E5 a 1 S 5 S o S S Q ^ J s g O S C5 w o 2 OS
a,
111
.

i^

" o 8 -*

5-Z 2 5

;j

S D 5

s " M

53

PLATE

150

;i<*Ti^''***p3^

Scale

c. \

Scale

c.

(ht.

0-23 m.)

THE GOLDEN HELMET OF MES-KALAM-DUG, FRONT AND BACK VIEWS

V. p.

156

PLATE

151

U
Scale c
^

.!

9361
z

51

U. 9340
Scale
c.

1%

''

P-

GOLD DAGGER AND TOILET-CASE

M.
Louise Baker piiix.

PLATE

152

Scale

c.

U. 10014. PG/7S5

U. 10020. PG/7S5

A GOLD DAGGER AND A DAGGER WITH GOLD-PLATED HANDLE

x".

pp. 156, 159, 308

PLATE

IS3

3
U. 10411
Scale
c.

U. 10472
V. p.

309

U. 9333, 9335

PG/789

PG/580

GOLD MOUNTED SCEPTRE,

SPEARS,

AND AXE
M.
Louise Baker del.

PLATE

154

U. 10049

U. 10047

U. 10023

U. 10044

Scale

c.

U. 10005

U. looig

Scale

c.

PG/7SS.
a.

GRAVE OF MES-KALAM-DUG
MOUNT JOINTED
IN

SPEARS AND A HARPOON: THE SPEAR U. IOO23 HAVING A GOLD IMITATION OF BAMBOO

b.

DAGGER WITH GOLD HANDLE, GOLD PIN WITH LAPIS-LAZULI HEAD, AND GOLD HAIR-RINGS
V.

pp. 155, 308

PLATE

155

U. 10015

U. 10014

Scale

c. J

U. 10025

PG/75S.
a
b.

GRAVE OF MES-KALAM-DUG
wooden handle
(the

with gold blade and gold-mounted Ti.^z^T ^^

wood

restored), with

remams

of s.lver sheath,

Dagger with bronze blade and

silver

and two electrum axes handle mounted with gold (the silver restored),
^'

and lapis-lazuh whetstone

P- 155

PLATE

156

Scale

c.

U. 10018
V. pp. 156,

306

U. 9255
Scale
c.

V. p.

283

ELECTRUM DOUBLE AXE AND OSTRICH SHELL WITH MOSAIC INCRUSTATION

M.
Louise Baker
del.

PLATE

157

O < Q Q O O

PLATE

ijpl

f^

^ ^ 9
Scale
c.

U. 10478. DICE

OF LAPIS AND GOLD AND OF SHELL AND LAPIS, FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD's GRAVE
V. p.

278

Scale

c.

U. 10429

U. 10432

U. 10431 U. 10428

U. 10433 U. 10430

GOLD SAW AND CHISELS, FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S GRAVE

V. p.

303

PLATE

159

Scale

c. i

Scale

c.

3^

Scale

c.

U. 10013

U. 10034

Type 4
a. SILVER PIN, U.
b.
C.

Type

8598; V. pp. 241, 310 GOLD AND LAPIS CHAIN, U. 8o02 SILVER TOILET-SET, U. 9362 ELECTRUM BOWLS FROM THE GRAVE OF MES-KALAM-DUG v. P- I59; ;

PLATE

i6o

Scale

c.

a.
b.

GOLD GOBLET FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S GRAVE, PG/8oo

GOLD BOWL FROM PG/755 (TOMB OF MES-KALAM-DUG)

PLATE

i6i

Scale

c.

GOLD VESSELS

U.

IO454 (TYPE 91) AND U. I0851 (TYPE 7) FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S GRAVE

PLATE

163

Scale

c.

U. 10004 U. 10003 U. loooi

GOLD VESSELS FROM MES-KALAM-DUG'S GRAVE.

V. p.

PG/vss

156

PLATE

164

Scale

10930 10451

GOLD VESSELS FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S GRAVE.

V.

PG/800

pp. 83, 91

PLATE

165-

Scale

c.

Scale

c.

U. 11551, PG/106S (Type 16 variant)

U. 10932, PG/800

U. looio, PG/7SS
V. p.

U. 9339, PG/580

U. 10938, PG/800
V. p.

300

241

GOLD CUP FROM THE GRAVE OF THE 'LITTLE PRINCESS' PG/1068, GOLD COCKLE-SHELL AND OBSIDIAN BOWL FROM QUEEN SHUB-Ad'S GRAVE GOLD MONKEY OF MES-KALAM-DUG, GOLD ADZE AND PIN
Scale
c. -ia

PLATE

If

U. 10439

THE REIN-RING AND 'MASCOT' OF QUEEN SHUB-AD'S SLEDGE CHARIOT

Scale
c.

t).

p. 78

M.

Louise Baker

del.

PLATE

167

Scale

c.

Scale

c.

Y
a. U.

IO551. SILVER REIN-RING

V. p. 301

FROM PG/789

b. V.

I1794. SILVER

(the

BOWL

IS

BOWL WITH DESIGN IN RELIEF OF WILD GOATS IN A ROCKY LANDSCAPE STUCK ON TO A COPPER BOWL OF WHICH THE RIM SHOWS ABOVE)
Cf. PI. 217

PLATE

if

Scale

c.

U. 8013.

SILVER HEAD OF ANTELOPE

FROM

PG/55

(a)

BEFORE AND

(6)

AFTER

CLEANING

PLATE

169

Scale

c.

i
a. V.

10566. SILVER

MODEL OF
V. p. 71

A BOAT. PG/789

Scale

c.

i
b.

U. 10475.

COPPER RELIEF, PERHAPS FROM A SHIELD. PG/789

V. p.

69

PLATE

170

o.

U. 11154.

GOLD COPY OF AN OSTRICH SHELL WITH MOSAIC DECORATION

Scale
c.

xg.

t'.

p. 283

b.

U. 9364.
Scale

SILVER LAMP
c. -fg.

(?)

V. p.

293

PLATE

171

SILVER VESSELS
a.
b.

LIBATION JUG U. I1837 (TYPE 84) FROM PG/1142

BOWL

U.

10554 (type 7) FROM PO/SoO WITH ELECTRUM HANDLES AND BULL'S HEAD ENGRAVED ON SIDE

PLATE

172

Scale

c. i

b-^j

t^^

'

Scale

c.

Scale
a.

c.

SILVER

EWER AND COPPER PATEN,

b.

U.

IOO35 (TYPE 84), U. IOO36 (TYPE 30), FROM THE GRAVE OF

MES-KALAM-DUG
FLUTED SILVER
BOVlfL, U.

9797 (TYPE
78

89),

C.

SILVER VESSELS, TUMBLERS, EWER,

AND PATEN,
V. p.

U. IO458,

FROM PG/777 FROM QUEEN SHUB-AD'S GRAVE

PLATE

173

Scale

c.

U. 10886.

PG/800 (Type 115)

U. 10456.

PG/800

(Type 83)

Scale

c.

U. 10891.

PG/800
7)

U. 11821.

(Type

PG/1133 (Type 7)

SILVER VESSELS
U. 10891
is

FROM THE TOMB OF QUEEN SHUB-AD AND

silver, v. p.

PG/1133

decorated with electrum ribbons sweated to the

297; U. 11821 has electrum handles

PLATE

174

Scale

c.

LAPIS-LAZULI CUP U. IO517 (TYPE 44)

AND CALCITE BOWL

U.

U.

IO480

(CF.

METAL TYPE

7)

FROM PG/8oO

LAPIS-LAZUH WHETSTONE

10552 FROM PG/789

PLATE

175

U. 10882. JAR

OF VEINED CALCITE
(variant)

PG/800. Type 76

M.

Louise Baker del.

PLATE

176

U. 7840: inscribed

calcite bowl.
c.

PG/33

U. 9363

Scale

(Type 73)

U. U. 11589

1898

U. U. 12696

1786

U. 12673

PG/1172

PG/1130
PG/I39S

PG/1382
U. 12492

PG/iioo
Scale
c.

PG/IIS7
V.

Chapter xix

STONE VESSELS

PLATE

177

Scale

c.

x5

U. 8980, Type 62 PG/Sii

U. 8949, Type

U. 8948, Type 72

U. 8936, Type 92

PG/497

PG/497

PG/497

U. 8239, Type 82 PG/169

U. 813s, Type 50 PG/I3S

U. 8190, Type 22 PG/143

U. 8032, Type 60 PG/71

EXAMPLES OF STONE VESSELS

v.p. 378

PLATE

I-

Scale

c.

\^

U. 105 17, Type 44

U. 10523, Type 10

U. 10522, Type 10

PG/800

PG/800

PG/800

Scale

c.

1%

U. 10496, Type 79 PG/800

U. 10509, Type 34

U. 10502, Type 94

PG/800

PG/800

U. 7648, Type 54

PG/12

U. 7645, Type 4 PG/i

U. 7647, Type 20 PG/12

EXAMPLES OF STONE VESSELS

V. p. 378 et seq.

PLATE

i8o

Scale

c.

U. 8331

U. 8380

U. 8387

Type

Type

91

Type 80
PG/227

PG/201

PG/225

Scale

c.

U. 824s

U. 8217

Type 243
Loose in
soil

Type loi PG/IS9

a.

EXAMPLES OF STONE VESSELS

b.

CLAY OFFERING-TABLE DECORATED WITH INCISED PATTERNS AND ANIMAL FIGURES MODELLED IN THE ROUND
C.

LIMESTONE OFFERING -TABLE

V. p.

378

et seq.

PLATE

i8i

a.

ALABASTER RELIEF FOUND AT KHAFAJE

the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago)

(By courtesy of

^-'^.-^

b. V.

8557. LIMESTONE SLAB

WITH REMAINS OF A RELIEF IDENTICAL WITH THAT FROM KHAFAJE

.

p.376

PLATE

182

(a)

U. 10746

Scale

c.

(b)

U.

1795

LAMPS OF WHITE CALCITE

v.p. 377

PLATE

183

Q w rn

00

O a

PLATE

li

Scale

c.

Scale

c.

EXAMPLES OF COPPER VESSELS

a.
b.

Ribbed copper

tray, pan, bowls,

Fluted bowl (U. 11950,

Type

71)

and vases, U. 12485, from PG/1422 from PG/1186 and bucket (U. 11937, Type 50) from PG/1183

PLATE

185

Scale

c.

U. 8626

U. 8907

Type 23 PG/337

Type

18

PG/431

Scale

c.

PG/3 Type 23

PG/2 Type 22

EXAMPLES OF COPPER VESSELS

V. p.

302

PLATE

li

U. 11838. CLAY POT WITH DESIGN PAINTED IN RED AND BLACK ON BUFF CLAY
Scale
c.

V. p.

387

PLATE

187

PLATE

li

V. I4461.

CLAY ZOOMORPHIC VASE

V p 389

^ "->.-.

IMPRINT IN THE SOIL OF A CIRCULAR BASKET OF WOVEN FIBRE. FIRST DYNASTY LEVEL
V. p.

139

PLATE

if

J}

Scale

c.

a. U.

10825-8. SPEAR-BLADES WITH ENGRAVED MARKS,

V. b.

FROM PG/789

pp. 63-4, 304

U. 8014.

SILVER PIN, PG/55

V. p.

310

PLATE

190

U. 10081.

V. p.

316

U. 7994

U. 9361
v.p. 317

L. L.

BM. BM.

120732, 120731,

1. 1.

0-137 m-. d. 0-039 m. 0-30 m., d. 0-027 m-

ENGRAVED MARKS ON METAL OBJECTS

PLATE
U

191

792?
U

7953

IlJ=jcS>I>=^ Wr^\ *=

3;>
U 8999
>fl-<

^ ^ ^
g>"
U 9501

U 9010
U 9310

U 9315

9502
:>>

M3
U 9661
'

3^(+J4^0
(^rr

^>

fi<
U

^
U 9681
)

9567

C:>
-^
C=:^^"

m
U 9 844

N3

U 9764

-raai
U 10367

^nm^-^ V
CO

PLATE

192

'i;^-

</ "v

-if:

mm m^M
<s^'i.c::;i>-,:.Ti-^
7.

U. 12704

I-

10.

U. 10444

12.

U. 11734
13

U. 10323.

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

193

J*V,%.
15.

U. 11871

14.

U. 12427

iCi,

V. 10939

?###'^#
17.

U. 10S71

iS.

U. 10872

19,

U. 10448 A

20.

U. 14319

21.

Ij

I I

904

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

194

22.

U. 12374

jEl^t^gj
24.

U. I34y9

25.

U. 14443

26.

U. Siiy
27.

U. 8615

K.I

IMI

IM^^^V^-^

41*:'/.

29.

U. 10823

30.

U. 12258

32. 31.

U. 12433

U. 12330
33.

U. 12256

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

95

45.

U. 14327

46. U. 12707

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

196

L^;

IPMSI
47.

U. S22S

49.

U. 8056

52.

U. 987S

51.

U. 14013

mrfm53.

U. 12720

55.

U. 11751

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

197

56.

U. 12457

(SL-C PI.

217;

m^^^'fmm

58.

U. 7992

"^S^^^^S-!^

^M
59.

U. 8141

60.

U. 8513

,Qr

^ii|pii*i

*;^'^^^

61.

u. Ill

62.

U. III75 B

63.

U. 10530

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE K

WtpW
64.

1 1

174
65.

U. 11825

67.
66.

U. 12674

U. 12707 E

.'.h^vfe
68.

m^i y|gf111
70.

U. 12704 G

U. 12654

76.

U. 11107

A.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

99

91.

U. I2II2

92.

U. 8424

93.

U. 12019

A'.

SEALS ASSIGNED ON INTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

200

100.
98.

U. 8053

U. 9315

99.

U. 7985

103.
102.
(_'.

U. 8461

I447_; A

107.

U. 8006
loS.
L'.

15477

a',

seals assigned

on internal evidence to the earlier part of the royal cemetery period

PLATE

201

1'

no. U. 15476
loij.

U. 14.170

CO If
112.

U. 12034

I.

U.

1S51

114.

U. 1351S

115.

U. 9166
116.

U.

1 1

978

ig^j^^.

117. U. i35[6

119.

U. 8494

PLATE

202

127.

U.

1490
127
A.

U. 15483

128.

U. 14216

A'.

SEALS ASSIGNED

ON INTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE EARLIER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

203

^^w^^
I2q.

U. II48

133-

L--

Sioy

134.

L-.

,S5S4

136-

13S.

U. 367

141. U. 12664
139.

U. 8656

340.

U. 11952

Jf

3S:?^1=;^k7S5 C'^yf^
Ak14/

m
142.

j^j
144.

U. 9117
U. 12084
143.

U. 12678

145. U. 10764

146.

U. 12680

B.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE LATER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

204

147.

U. 12158

^mWf!
I".

1,^^74

149.

U. 12296

165. U. 10153
166,

167 U. 9082

U. 8359

B.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE LATER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

'

PLATE

20S

< '^V^

vlilJ

173. U. 9808

^>5k^

170.

U. 9083
177.

U. 9765

ii^""*p^^'-'wwp

178.

U. 7953

179.

^r^lf^^'-^m^^m

m"

U. 7927

,:-mj^-^m
181.

U. 8666

182.

U. 9183

184.

U. 13552

B.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE LATER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

206

19a.

u. 9721

193-

U. 11476

191.

U. 9829

194.

U. 9261
195-

U. 11983

199.

U. 11846

300. U. 9310

B.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE LATER PART OF THE ROYAL CEMETERY PERIOD

PLATE

207

202. U. 8339
207.

L'

1 1

_^

m>

f^ <^^yJ^2^^i:M
20S.

209. U. 15473

S3S5
210. U. 11863

215. U. 13678, 13686 A,

b'.

seals assigned on internal evidence to the later part of the royal cemetery period

PLATE

208

232.

U. 8993

233.

U. 11456

b'.

seals assigned on internal evidence to the later part of the royal cemetery period

PLATE

209

241. U. 11990

242. U. 10364
M

243.

U.

1 1

745

nn

^.

mm

244.

U. 9908
245LI.

95^'>

246.

U. S991

251.

U. 12086

b'.

seals assigned on internal evidence to the later part of the royal cemetery period

PLATE
'^-'\

210

r^^f.,-^_^y

^wiPHw^n

''
11

'

".^^^^^^

263. u. 9264

^$5i^^^'^- -^1
Ljii^saLjer..^
2(14.

El^
ksl-'-ksb
L. 12017 ,20,7 .65. L 26s.
.

^f^i
266.0.12032
rS'

=>^^^4

J??
'

~7

262. U. 11438

9i,S6

269. U. 8342

273- U. 9326

174.

U. 9262

272. U. 9620

271. U. 9165

#^
.ffit

l'^:'?^-i^
277. U. 9100 278. U. 12029 276. U. 12639

b'.

seals assigned on internal evidence to the later part of the royal cemetery period

PLATE

311

280. U. 12705
27y. U. loiyi

27V
b'.

A.

I'.

2701

seals assigned

on internal evidence to the later part of the royal cemetery period

'?/;*., ^

',M:i
281. U. 15302

W'
283.
;S2.

U. 15318

L\ 1530S

'?55!5SBr^7

^^^v:^
^^
288. u. 17650

vV
289. u. 15303

-^=^ie>iyt.-^_.-ak/ia.^^^itLii'
290. U. 12470

291. U. 10757

296

A.

U. 17806

seals dated by EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE

SECOND DYNASTY OF UR

PLATE

212

y/i.

:^-)^wt:
^->^': ^/^"^^
(PC^-

299- U. 9587

I
t
300. U. 12679

-^^-/V'

:^-^
'
.

W^ip

'

'-1^

^^%^^^
304. U. 12040

298. r. .,751

K^

'

>

joj.

L'.

90:17

r
.''-

-Z"?-!

U.I. 715

30s.

U.I. 448

310. U. 9693

311. U. 11590

314. U. 9717 313. U. 9813

7^

m^^m
315- U. 11418
c.

t1

u:.
3i(K

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE SARGONID PERIOD

PLATE

213

318,

U, 9567

l^n^r**^
?~'v,

^iiSi 7-x-^ ^
.>iK
^
,120.
I',

,^..^#t'
.joro

vVr^^^t^

iL^t:^
321.

U. .;652

334. U.

1 1

148
33b.
L
.

8897

c.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE SARGONID PERIOD

PLATE

214

353.

U. 8o9j

35"-

U- "4ao

35^

u.

1596

ji^'Sq
355. U. 10397

356. U. 9060

358. U. 12004

359. U. 8971

360. U.

1709

361. U. 1018

c.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE SARGONID PERIOD

PLATE

215

'

mUm
362. U. 9290

i^'^-^~ "int.
365.

363. U. 8747

U. 9292

"}--.-

J*-

366. U. 8699

,<j

364.

9750

c.

SEALS DATED BY EXTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE SARGONID PERIOD

369.

367. U. 11958

U. 8476

U. 7957

c'.

SEALS ASSIGNED

ON INTERNAL EVIDENCE TO THE SARGONID PERIOD

PLATE

216

PLATE

217

Scale 4

DESIGN
V.

ON

SILVER
PG/1130

BOWL

U. 11794

Catalogue and PI. 167

Scale J

DESIGN EMBOSSED
U. 12457
V. p. 113

ON GOLD-LEAF
PI.

PG/1236
and
197

PLATE

218

u. 13709

u. 8550

u. 8798

HEAD-DRESSES AS WORN, HELMETS, VARIA

PLATE

219

U. 9365

U. 8374

U. 8007

EAR-RINGS, HAIR-RING, FRONTLETS,

AMULETS, COMB, BROOCHES

(?)

PLATE

220

^
U. 8527

U. 10975

U. 9281 U. 12459
U. 8565

">^a

^^i
U. 8931

(f^'WS

^o?Q

^^l^il^^^^^^BJ^^
U. 9786

U. 12380
Scale
1

BEADS AND PENDANTS

'

PLATE

221

IQ

^W
U. 8454
^

U. 8454

U. 8454

U. 8509

U. 8509

U. 8509

U.84S4

PG/2S4
te'lji
,1-7

U'7

U.

243

-^U. 893s
Sistrum
(?)

A
'^^i^^^^^^i^J-..
U. IOSS7

PG/449

V. p. 261

PG/789
box
278

Gaming

pieces inside the

V. p.

U. 8696

U.8731

PLATE

222

PG/381

PG/871

WOODWORK
V.

Chapter XX

PLATE

223

U.811S

Type

A 3.

TYPES OF CAST BRONZE AXES

PLATE

224

Type

15

U. 10018

U. 8246

Type A 16

U. 9680

U. 9137
U. 11881

Type

13

U. 11754

U. 9687

U. 10307

U. 9963

Type

14
Scale

UNUSUAL TYPES OF AXES,

ETC.

PLATE

225

Type

S.

U. 9331

U. 9194

Types. 9

Type

S.

U. 8034

Type

S.

U. 8782

Type

S.

U. 9009

Type

S.

U. 83S1

U. 8789

Type

S.

13

U. 7874

Type

S.

14

Type

S.

U. 9258

Type

S.

U. 1262s

Type

S.

U. 7871

u. 6457

TYPES OF

HAMMERED COPPER AXES

PLATE

226

U. i2oi6

Type

S.

20

U. 7877

"TYP^S O""

HAMMERED COPPER AXES

u. 9854

Type

S.

23

PG/I263

Shoe for spear-shaft U. 9904

U. 9904

ft
U. 9574 A
U. 9846

U. 9534

PG/622

U. 9846

U. 9685 PG/689

U. 9574 B

PG/719

U. 9847

PG/73S

PG/719
PG/580
PG/1263
U. 9655 PG/675

U. 9729

U. 12109

PG/694

U. 13782
U.
1

1723

U. 9963

PG/I0S5

METAL HOLDFASTS, ETC.

Scale where not otherwise stated
?

PLATE

227

U.93S8

U. 6421

lb
U. 8586 U. 8236

2d
U. 17043 U. 17616 U. 17619

2e

U. 1744s U. 12679 U. 9338

4a U.I 1704

4b

U.78S3

U. 9336 STRING

NOTCHES

ARROWS

Scale

PLATE

228

7b
U. 7850

7c
U. 8232

7d
U. 9117

7e
U. 7988

7f
U. 12679

7
U. 9121
U.

8a
1

8b

1474

TYPES OF KNIVES

AND DAGGERS

Scale

PLATE

229

2a
U. 8578

2b
U. 8106

3
U. 9072

4a

4b
U. 8783 U. 8307 U. 9339

U. 10431U.9131

Type 5

CHISELS

ADZES
Scale
I

PLATE

230

U. 17926

U. 9004

U. 12740

U. 11494

U. 12697

U.

114

TOOLS, ETC.
Scale
I

PLATE

231

Type 5
U. 8598

Type 4
u. 6144

t)

U. 7880

U.8086

b
U. 13034

TypTi
U. 8014
U. 7863

PINS
b
U. 8162

Type 6

U. 10390

Type

Type 6
U.7858

I]
Type 4
U. 9340

Type 5
U. 6021

Type 2
U. 9185

Type 3
U. 8984

Type

U. 9173

TOILET INSTRUMENTS

d
U. 8610

Type 8
U. 13566

U. 8639

U. 8026

Type 7

U.9181

U.9306

PINS

NEEDLES
Scale

PLATE

232

<:

11

14

TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

233

21

17

19

4
TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

234

38

A,

33

1;

J,
40

35

I
TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

235

TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

236

65

TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

237

76

00

00

00

77

OOP

72

TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

238

87

95

96

TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

239

^
102

17

103

/031m.

104

105

""^^^

\.
TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

240

113

U. H214

114
110
U. 12482

n^

111

115

116
112

CT
I

117

nsV^
TYPES OF METAL VESSELS

PLATE

241

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

242

16

17

V
16 a

17
19a

*^_
19c

"\U
TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

243

20a^
1

PLATE

244

37b

33

40

38

QJ
m

34
39

35

36

37 a

43

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

245

44

U?
45 53

\TJ.
52

-^^

54

55

56

ZJ
57

^_

58

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

246

59

Q7

62

60 a 63

ro

60 b

64

61a

61b

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

CD

PLATE

247

67

iD,
73

72

(D

68

69

74

70

75
71

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

248

78

79

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

90b

87

Q
91a

PLATE

249

91b

88

92

89

93

90a

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

250

TYPES OF STONE VESSELS

PLATE

251

7 b

13

4a

V7

7c
14 a

Q]

5a

^^

14 b

7d

5b

,u:
15

5c

\i7

UJ.
16
10

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

252

25
17

\J7
33

32 b

26
18 a

3
27
18 b

W
^
^u_y
i-

<P

33 b

<I^
34 35

28^^^
19

'

20

20 b

^7. ^C

.^
30 a

^I)
36

21

30 b

37

<^,
^L/

22
31

38

23

24

C7.

32

38 b

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

253

44 b

48

49 a

^^^^

44

49 b

^L/

41a

(D
50 a 50 b

41b

42

K3
43
47

44a^^

52b^i-^|
TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

254

.<3>
54

59

55

^1/

64
60

56

65

66

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

255

68

69

74

70 75 80

71

76

81

<X)

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

256

90
85

82

86

<D
92

91

83

87

83 b

93
88
a

94
83
c

88 b

83 d

CD
96 89

95

84

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

257

97
106
a

100 b

106 b

107 102

103

108

104
108 b

100 a

105

108

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

/
PLATE
258

109

116
111

109 b

117

109

118 113

il9a

lld__/

110 a

119b
114

^J_/

110b

^B

120

<D
<P.

110

^.

115

120 b

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

259

,.,0
129

^
138

136

ffi

122

137

123

131

132

124

139 125 132 b

133

(3
<D

140

127

134

128

135

141

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

260

142

150
146

143

147

150 b

144

148

151

149

152

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

261

153 157 162

158

163

154

159

164

160 155

156
161

165

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

262

166

171

175

167

176 172

177

168

178

179

173

179 b

169

180

170

174

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

263

182

(P.
193

183

CD

188

194

189

184

185

190

195

186
191

196

187

192

197

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

264

198

198 b

199

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

265

215

221

210

216

^^L^

222
21

217

223

218

212

224

219 225

213

214

220

226

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

266

234
241

227

235

228

242

236

229

^L/

230 237

238
231

(D.

243

232

Wl

244
i

239

233 240
i

244 b

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

267

245

I
250

Q
1;

251

247

252

248

249

253

TYPES OF CLAY VESSELS

PLATE

268

mm
Fig.
I.

197

180

160
skull of

140

120
as

100

80
in

50

40
The
skull has

20
been oriented

Drawing of the

Queen Shub-ad,

seen

true profile.
e.

on the Frankfort plane.

{Drawn by

Nooi<)

140
Fig. 2.

'

ilo"

100

80

'

6D

40

'

20

Drawing of Queen Shub-ad's

skull as seen

from behind
e.

with

the skull oriented on the Frankfort Plane.

V.

(Drawn by

noon)

Ch.

xxm

PLATE

269

Fig.

I.

Exact drawing of the skull of Mes-kalam-dug as seen

has been oriented

in profile.
e. j.

The

skull

on the Frankfort plane. (Drazcn by

smith)

70

60

SO

40

30

20

ID

Fig. 2.

The

skull of

Mes-kalam-dug oriented on the Frankfort plane and drawn

F.P.

from behind.

Frankfort. plane.
V.

(Drawn by

e. ].

smith)

Ch. XXIII

-h

2k

j>

.-k

^1'

^1

.b

.1

'I'

Ik

i|

i|2

^1

^1

3|

4i

3|

Zl

,|

|V

|Z

|3-

^FT

SEA

LEVEL-f

T^'l"

^1

"I

^1

-^l

i5E

1^

1^

SEA
SECTION
The
section
is

LEVEL
GROWTH OF THE RUBBISH-MOUNDS
one
piar

THROUGH PART OF THE CEMETERY

AREA, ILLUSTRATING THE

based on the data of the trial-piu here marked: these

were sunk

at various spots but to complete the section have been brought schematically to

--.Ji._.-

SECTION FROM THE SW. TEMENOS WALL OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR

through the high mound 'EH' and the low-lying ground
to

the NE, of

it

(the 'Flood Pit')

PLATE

273

ROYAL

TOMBS AND

DEATH-PITS

GENERAL PLAN OF THE CEMETERY AREA CONTAINING THE ROYAL GRAVES