Past Perfect FORM [had + past participle] USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past The Past

Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006? B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

Exercise on Simple Past and Past Perfect

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Exercise 1
1. The wind blew away the leaves that we had collected. 2. She threw away the letter that she had writte. 3. They showed me the pictures; they had taken during their holidays. 4. In the evening, the children told their daddy what they had seen at the zoo. 5. The boy was very sorry for what he had done.

Exercise 2
1. My friend ate 2. The teacher corrected 3. I gave 4. My sister did not see 5. We wanted up all the biscuit we had baked the tests we had written them some of the candies I had bought the note that I had laid to watch a film that we had not seen . on the kitchen table for her. before. . .

Exercise 3
1. When Simon went out to play, he had already done his homework. 2. Jenny came home, sat down and switched on the telly. 3. Before that day in winter, the African boy had never seen snow in his life. 4. She gave me the book that she had read . 5. We visited the museum that our friend had told us about a month before.

Exercise 4
1. When he woke up 2. We went 3. He heard 4. When she started 5. Jane had already typed 6. By the time he arrived 7. Before that day we had never thought 8. I had known 9. They did not know 10. It had been
w oke up

, his mother had already prepared

had already prep

breakfast. us for tea. a friend. French. .

to London because the Queen had invited the news, went

to the telephone and called

to learn English, she had already learned ten pages when her computer crashed at the pub, they had run of going to Japan. his family. out of beer.

him for a long time before I met where to meet because nobody had told cloudy for days before it finally began

them. to rain.

Form
Write down the correct form (pronoun + verb).

Simple Past
I / go I went

Past Perfect Simple

I had gone he had driven

he / drive he drove

they / put they put

they had put

you / feel you felt

you had felt

she / stop she stopped

she had stopped

Use
When do we use which tense? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 'Already' is a signal word for ... Past Perfect 'before that day' is a signal word for ... Past Perfect 'first' is a signal word for ... Simple Past 'up to then' is a signal word for ... Past Perfect 'then' is a signal word for ... Simple Past

Choosing the correct form

Choose the correct tense (simple past or past perfect simple). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. We gave away the flowers that we had picked . Wendy sent the letter that she had written . The gardener watered the trees that he had planted . I got into the taxi that my friend had called for me. She wanted to wear the jumper that her mum had just washed .

Filling in the correct form

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect simple). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Yesterday a boy destroyed Jimmy told We found He sang the snowman that we had built us about the film that he had seen the mobile phone that Mar win had lost a song that I had never heard before. . . .

Cathrine opened the window that I had just closed .

Simple Past
they / work they worked

Past Perfect
they had worked I had seen she had tidied he had run you had bought

Form
I / see Write down the correct form (pronoun + verb). he / tidy he / run you / buy I saw she tidied he ran you bought

Use
When do we use which tense? 1. If we give past events in the order in which they occured, we use ... Simple Past

2.

If from a certain time in the past we look back to what had happened before, we use ... Past Perfect

Choosing the correct form

Choose the correct tense (simple past or past perfect simple). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. When I arrived at school, the lesson had already started . I went to New York last month. I had never been to the USA before. Bob did not let us into his room because he had not cleaned it for weeks. I felt very hungry because I had not eaten anything yet. As Vanessa had seen the film before, she did not want to go to the cinema with us.

Filling in the correct form

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect simple). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Williamhad lived The blue carcrossed When Jamestried After Joannahad finished in Boston for six years before hemoved the street after the lightshad turned to ring us, wehad already left her presentation, weasked to New York. red. the house. our questions.

On her first day at the driving school, wewere a car before.

very nervous because wehad not driven

Text
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or pas perfect simple). 1. Itwas a cold and rainy Sunday, so Idecided writing a few days before. 2. 3. 4. Iswitched Then Ibegan But the noteswere them. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Iturned And wheredid I find Ihad left Now that Ihad found First Idid not know the whole house upside down. my notes? them in the sitting room, under a huge staple of papers and magazines. my notes, Iwanted what to write but then Ihad to continue writing my essay. lots of ideas. and Inoticed on the computer andopened looking for my notes that Ihad handwritten not on my desk and Icould not the document. on a sheet of paper. remember where Ihad put to finish the essay that Ihad started

10. Ihad almost completed that Ihad forgotten 11. After Ihad rebooted were 12. So Ihad

my essay when my computer suddenlycrashed to save the document. my computer, I saw missing. to start all over again.

that at least 5 of the pages Ihad typed