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Performance Analysis Of SCM And WDM Techniques On Rof-EPON Link

Vinod Kumar, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur,( H.P) India Baljeet Kaur, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India Ajay K. Sharma, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India Abstract In this paper, we have compared the performance of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) for Radio over Fiber (RoF) optical link with WDM and SCM techniques. The performance of the system is better in WDM as compared to SCM technique. The maximum improvement in the performance is seen two times in terms of BER in WDM as compared to SCM. The results are compared for evaluating the Q value at different input power and fiber length. The BER and eye diagrams have been used for evaluating the performance of the system. Keywords: Optical Network Unit, Optical Line Termination, BER, EPON, RoF, WDM, SCM 1. Introduction In fiber-optic transmission system, transmission capacity and distance of optical signal are always an important consideration factor to improve the performance of the fiber-optic transmission system. Main motive is the use of multichannel optical systems to get the enormous bandwidth available in optical fiber. Several systems like WDM, SCM and TDM have been developed in order to increase the performance of transmission systems. In this paper, we investigate the performance analysis of WDM and SCM methods. Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have been widely considered as a promising solution to the last mile pro blem in broadband access networks [1, 2]. RoF technique for the EPON has been researched to make optical network unit (ONU) support both wired and wireless services [3-4]. In analogue optical systems including RoF technology, SCM is used to increase optical fiber bandwidth utilization. This makes RoF systems cost-effective. Subcarrier multiplexing SCM is a scheme where multiple signals are multiplexed in the RF domain and transmitted on a single wavelength. SCM provides a way to free light wave systems bandwidth from the limitations imposed by digital electronics, and offers an alternative approach for exploiting the many GHz available bandwidths. SCM has a number of attractive features [5]: SCM allows the system designer to work with almost the entire range of available electronics at either RF or microwave frequencies. SCM allows the system designer to use a wide variety of signaling formats, including AM, FM, ASK, PSK, FSK, QPSK, and others. SCM allows the light wave system designer to exploit the full range of light wave techniques, including all wideband electro-optic components, WDM techniques, optical amplification, and coherent detection. The significant advantage of SCM is that microwave devices are more mature than optical devices, the stability of a microwave oscillator and the frequency selectivity of a microwave filter is much better than their optical counterparts [6]. Wavelength Division multiplexing WDM technology has attracted many researchers over the past few years [7-8] and the next generation of the Internet is expected to employ WDM-based optical backbones [9]. In a WDM system each laser emits light at a Copyright by author; 2013 The Clute Institute http://www.cluteinstitute.com/index.html 322

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different wavelength and then all the wavelengths are multiplexed by a multiplexer and are transmitted over a single fiber. At the receiver side the coming multiplexed signal contains signals on different wavelengths. To demultiplex these wavelengths a demultiplexer is used. The WDM systems can be upgraded just by upgrading the multiplexer and the demultiplexer and in a very few cases the up gradation of the fiber is required. Each wavelength carries a different signal at a specific data rate so the overall capacity of the link is the sum of the capacity of the individual wavelengths. This paper is organized as follows. The Optical SCM and WDM transmission models for RoF-EPON link are described in section 2 and their-after the results are discussed in section 3. Finally the conclusions are drawn in section 4. 2. Model Description 2.1. SCM Model for RoF-EPON Link All the parameters for the designing are taken according to IEEE 802.3 ah standard [10]. The SCM Model for RoF-EPON Link is presented in figure 1. PRBS generator with 1.25 Gb/s data rate, NRZ format and electrical amplitude modulator with 10, 12, 14 and 16 GHz radio frequencies is combined through adder before being modulated in optical domain.

Fig. 1: Model on SCM-EPON with Radio Frequency

The designing inside this subsystem and the combined radio spectrum is shown in figure 2 & 3 respectively.

Fig. 2. Designing inside transmitter subsystem Copyright by author; 2013 The Clute Institute http://www.cluteinstitute.com/index.html 323

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Fig. 2. Combined Radio spectrum Radio frequency is modulated through Mach-Zehnder modulator with carrier frequency 193.1 THz, output optical spectrum is shown in figure 3 and then transmitted over a distance of 20 km through bidirectional optical fiber having effective Area Aeff = 80m2, nonlinear refractive index coefficient 2 = 2.6x10-20 m2/W, attenuation loss = 0.2dB/km dispersion D = 16.75 ps/nm/km, dispersion Slope = 0.075 ps/nm 2/km. This signal is distributed equally to eight ONUs through 1:8 splitter. At ONU again 4:1 splitter is used, so total 32 users can receive the signal simultaneously. The designing inside ONU 1 is shown in figure 4.

Fig. 3. SCM optical spectrum

Fig. 4. Designing inside ONU 1

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Fig. 5: Model on WDM-EPON with Radio Frequency Four channels (1551.72, 1552.5, 1550.91 and 1550.11 nm wavelengths) WDM EPON model with radio frequencies 10, 12, 14 and 16 GHz is combined through WDM MUX as shown in figure 5. The designing inside first subsystem is shown in figure 6.

Fig. 6: Design inside first subsystem at transmitter The output spectrum of WDM MUX is shown in figure 7.

Fig. 7 : Output spectrum of WDM MUX Copyright by author; 2013 The Clute Institute http://www.cluteinstitute.com/index.html 325

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Further power signal is equally distributed through bidirectional optical fiber with effective Area A eff = 80m2, nonlinear refractive index coefficient 2 = 2.6x10-20 m2/W, attenuation loss = 0.2dB/km dispersion D = 16.75 ps/nm/km, dispersion Slope = 0.075 ps/nm2/km to eight ONUs with the use of 1:8 splitter. The designing inside first ONU is shown in figure 8. This signal is again divided through WDM DEMUX into four receivers, so total 32 users can receive the signal simultaneously. The received signal after WDM DEMUX is fed into four PIN photo-detectors of 800 GHz sampling rate, responsivity 1 A/W and a dark current 10 nA then Bessel filters of 10, 12, 14 and 16 GHz frequency and order 2, electrical amplifiers of 15 dB gain and AM demodulators of 10, 12, 14 and 16 GHz radio frequency.

Fig. 8: Design inside ONU 1 For analysis different analyzers are attached at the transmitter and receiver side. After ONUs, eight subsystems are connected in both SCM and WDM techniques with four 3R regenerators and BER analyzers as shown in figure 9.

Fig. 9: Designing inside first subsystem at Rx1 3. Results and Discussion The simulation setup of figure 1 and 5 is employed to compare SCM and WDM techniques for RoF-EPON Link. Radio signal of 10, 12, 14 and 16 GHz is transmitted through SCM and WDM techniques. In SCM technique, at transmitter side these signals are combined with adder and modulated with 193.1 THz optical frequency with Mach-Zehnder modulator and at the receiver side equally divided through power splitter to eight ONUs. Similarly in WDM technique, these signals are combined via 4:1 WDM MUX with channel wavelengths 1551.72, 1552.5, 1550.91 and 1550.11 nm (0.8 nm equal channel spacing) and at the receiver side 1:4 WDM DEMUX is used to distribute the signal. For comparing results all parameters for both the designs are taken same according to IEEE 802.3 ah standard. Results are compared with SCM and WDM techniques at ONUs for the analyses. BER patterns at ONU1 for Rx1, Rx2, Rx3 and Rx4 at 10, 12, 14 and 16 GHz frequencies are shown in figure 10. Copyright by author; 2013 The Clute Institute http://www.cluteinstitute.com/index.html 326

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(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g) (h) Fig. 10: BER Patterns at ONU1 with (a) SCM at 10 GHz b) WDM at 10 GHz (c) SCM at 12 GHz (d) WDM at 12 GHz (e) SCM at 14 GHz (f) WDM at 14 GHz (g) SCM at 16 GHz (h) WDM at 16 GHz Copyright by author; 2013 The Clute Institute http://www.cluteinstitute.com/index.html 327

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By comparing the BER patterns of figure 10, we analyzed that for the same specifications the eye opening is higher in WDM as compared to SCM technique. This observation can also be proved by taking Q factor for different input power and different lengths of fiber with SCM and WDM technique shown in figure 11 and 12 respectively. In figure 11, Q factor for different input power of Tx1 of WDM MUX and for same input power of SCM transmitter is observed for comparison.

Fig.11. Q factor versus input power

Fig. 12: Q factor versus fiber length for Rx1 For both the parameters different power and lengths of fiber WDM is better as compared to SCM technique. Conclusion: Performance of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) with Radio over Fiber (RoF) optical link is analyzed with WDM and SCM techniques over a distance of 20 km. The results are compared for both techniques with same specifications. The improvement in the performance has been obtained two times with WDM as compared to SCM technique. The value of Q factor has been obtained at different input power and different length of fiber. The result revealed that the BER is higher for WDM RoF-EPON link as compare to SCM RoF-EPON link. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. G. Kramer, B. Mukherjee, G. Pesavento Ethernet PON (ePON): Design and Analysis of an Optical Access Network, Photonic Network Communications, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 307-319, July 2001. G. Kramer, G. Pesavento, Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON): Building a Next-Generation Optical Access Network, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 66-73, Feb. 2002. D. Wake, Radio over Fiber Systems for Mobile Applications in Radio over Fiber Technologies for Mobile Communications Networks, H. Al - Raweshidy, and S. Komaki, ed. (Artech House, Inc, USA, 2002). 328

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7. 8. 9. 10.

G.K. Chang et al, MWP (2007), 24 28. R. Olshansky, GTE Laboratories Inc, 40 Sylvan Road, Witham, Ma 02254 An overview of Broadband SCM System BAM-1 Rongqing Hui, Benyuan Zhu, Renxiang Huang, Christopher T. Allen , Kenneth R. Demarest and Douglas Richards Subcarrier Multiplexing for High -Speed Optical Transmission in Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3, March 2002. R.A. Barry and P. A. Humblet, On the Number of Wavelengths and Switches in All-Optical Networks, IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 42, pp. 583-591, Feb.-Apr. 1994. R. Ramaswami and G. Sasaki, Multiwavelength Optical Networks with Limited Wavelength Conversion, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 6, pp. 744-754, Dec. 1998. B. Mukherjee, WDM Optical Communication Networks progress and Challenges, IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 18,no. 10, pp. 1810-1824, Oct. 2000. IEEE P802.3ah task force home page: http://www.ieee802.org/3/efm

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