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Homework Chapter 10: Gases Exercises: Sections 10.3, 10.4: The Gas Laws; The Ideal-Gas Equation
1. Assume you have a cylinder with a movable piston. What would happen to the gas pressure inside the cylinder if you do the
following? In each case indicate which gas law applies. Follow ALL math work rules!
(a) Decrease the volume by one third while holding the temperature constant?
Boyle's Law
x =
x=
(b) Double the Kelvin temperature while holding the volume constant?
Gay-Lussac's Law
= if: P1 = 1 T1 = 1
Avogadro's Law
x=
P2 = x T2 = 2T1
(c) Reduce the amount of gas to half while keeping the volume and temperature constant.
= if: n1 = 1 P1 = 1
x=
n2 = n1 P2 = x
1
2. A sample of gas occupies a volume of 7.50 L at 0.988 atm and 28.0 oC. Follow ALL math work rules! (a) Calculate the pressure of the gas if its volume is decreased to 4.89 L while its temperature is held constant.
Boyle's Law
x = 1.52 atm
P2 = x V2 =
(b) At what temperature in degrees Celsius is the volume of the gas 4.00 L if the pressure is kept constant.
x = 160.6 K = T2 = x V2 = 4.00 L
113oC
3. Nitrogen and hydrogen gases react to form ammonia gas: Follow ALL math work rules!
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
At a certain temperature and pressure 0.70 L of N 2 reacts with 2.1 L of H2. If all the N2 and H2 are consumed, what volume of NH3, at the same temperature and pressure, will be produced?
Remember: Avogadro's law of gas volumes: at the same T and P, equal volumes of gas contain equal # of gas particles; therefore the volume-to-volume stoichiometric ratio of the balanced chemical equation translates to a mole-to-mole stoichiometric ratio.
2.1 L H2 2 L NH3 3 L H2
4.
0oC 101.325 kPa standard temperature or and pressure 1.0000 atm 273.15 K 760.00 mmHg
2
4. Continued:
PV = nRT V =
Follow ALL math work rules!
)(
)(
22.4 L
(c) Room temperature is often assumed to be 25oC. Calculate the molar volume of an ideal gas at room temperature.
PV = nRT V =
)(
)(
= 24.5 L
5. For an ideal gas, calculate the following quantities: Follow ALL math work rules! (a) the pressure of the gas if 0.105 mol occupies 217 mL at 15 oC;
P=
)(
)(
= 11.4 atm
(b) the temperature ( in kelvins) at which 0.0270 mol occupies 2.00 L at 0.583 atm;
T=
(c)
( (
o
)( )(
C and 725 torr;
) )
= 526 K
n=
( (
)( )(
) )
= 0.0655 mol
(d) the volume occupied by 6.72 x 103 mol at 45oC and a pressure of 1.57 kPa.
V=
)(
)(
= 11.3 L
6. A neon sign is made of glass tubing whose inside diameter is 2.0 cm and whose length is 4.0 m. If the sign contains neon at a
pressure of 1.5 torr at 35oC, how many grams of neon are in the sign? (The volume of a cylinder is r 2h.) Follow ALL math work rules!
i) V = r h (
( ( )( )( )( )
ii) PV = nRT P =
m=
= 2.1 x 10-3 g
3
7. If the partial pressure of ozone, O3, in the stratosphere is 3.0 x 103 atm and the temperature is 250 K, how many ozone molecules
are in a liter? Follow ALL math work rules!
i)
PV = nRT P =
m=
( (
)( )(
)( )
= 0.0070 g
48.00 g O3 1 mole O3
rules!
8. An aerosol spray can with a volume of 250 mL contains 2.3 g of propane gas (C 3H8) as a propellant. Follow ALL math work (a) If the can is at 18oC, what is the pressure in the can? C3H8 has a molar mass of 44.11 g/ mol
( )( ( )( ) )
PV = nRT P =
)(
= 5.0 atm
PV = nRT V =
)( ( )(
)( )
= 1.2 L
STP pressure
(c) The can says that exposure to temperatures above 130oF may cause the can to burst. What is the pressure in the can at
this temperature?
i) 130oF =
ii) PV = nRT P =
= 5.6 atm
9. Many gases are shipped in high-pressure containers. Consider a steel tank whose volume is 42.0 L and which contains O 2 gas at a
pressure of 16, 500 kPa at 23oC.
(a) What mass, in kg, of O2 does the tank contain? O2 has a molar mass of 32.00 g/ mol
( ( )( )( )( )
PV = nRT n =
= 9011 g =
9.01 kg
4
9. Continued:
= 6318 L = 6.32 kL
(c) At what Kelvin temperature would the pressure in the tank equal 150 atm?
T=
( (
)( )(
) )
= 272 K
(d) What would be the pressure of the gas, in Pa, if it were cooled to 15oC and placed in a container whose volume is
55.0L?
10. After a large eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, gas samples from the volcano were taken by sampling the downwind gas
plume. The unfiltered gas samples were passed over a gold-coated wire coil to absorb mercury (Hg) present in the gas. The mercury was recovered from the coil by heating it, and then analyzed. In one particular set of experiments scientists found a mercury vapor level of 1800 ng of Hg per cubic meter in the plume, at a gas temperature of 10 oC. Calculate
1g
10. Continued:
(c) calculate the number of tons of Hg emitted per day by the volcano if the daily plume volume was 1600 Km3. (HINT:
there are 2.2 pounds per 1 kilogram)
1m
1 mol Hg 1000 g