ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE- Test1

Q - 1. While many people think of genetic manipulation of food crops as being aimed at developing larger and larger plant varieties, some plant breeders have in fact concentrated on discovering or producing dwarf varieties, which are roughly half as tall as normal varieties. Which of the following would, if true, most help to explain the strategy of the plant breeders referred to above? !" #lant varieties used as food by some are used as ornamentals by others. $" %he wholesale prices of a given crop decrease as the supply of it increases. &" &rops once produced exclusively for human consumption are often now used for animal feed. '" (hort plants are less vulnerable to strong wind and heavy rains. )" *ations with large industrial sectors tend to consume more processed grains. Q - +. %he fossil remains of (inosauropteryx dinosaur recently discovered in china had a thin layer of outline around its skeletal structure, suggesting that it had feathers. $ut critics stated that the most common function of the feathers is to enable flight or to provide insulation. (ince flight was not possible because of the enormous structure and weight of the dinosaur and insulation was not possible because of outline,s position, the outline was not that of feathers but rather of frills. Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provides the best basis for claim that layer of outline is the fossils remains of feathers? !. %here are many other (inosauropteryx fossils found in -ermany that also had the same thin layer of outline. $. !part from the above discovery, many scientists believed that #rotarcharopteryx belonging to the same genera as that of (inosauropteryx had feathers. &. .any carvings depicting flying dinosaurs especially with structures such as those of (inosauropteryx were discovered recently. '. /n many animal fossils, fiber from skin tissues form a thin layer of outline around animal,s skeletal structure. ). %he chemical composition revealed that the outline was made of white and orange colors, strongly suggesting the display function of feathers as in peacocks. Q - 0. 1fficials of the 2outh 3ockey 4eague and parents of players in the league have become concerned with the number of flagrant fouls occurring during league games. %his past season, the number of flagrant fouls was double the number from the season before.

4eague officials plan to reduce the number of such fouls during the coming season by implementing mandatory suspensions for players who commit flagrant fouls. Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the officials5 plan will be effective? .ost serious in6uries occurring during league games are a direct result of flagrant fouls. 4eague referees have been trained to recogni7e flagrant fouls and to report incidents involving such fouls. #arents of players in the league are in support of mandatory suspensions for flagrant fouls. ! similar league suspends players for committing flagrant fouls8 this league has a relatively low incidence of flagrant fouls when compared with the 2outh 3ockey 4eague. .ost players in the league strive to be selected for the !ll-(tar team, and league rules state that no player with a record of suspension shall be selected for the !ll-(tar team. / picked ', although the reply did not seem incredibly convincing, but instead / ruled out ) because it was introducing a new topic !ll-(tar team". #erhaps / stick too much to 9aplan,s advice on strategy, but / want to hear different opinions. Q - :. %he worker5s union of -rain&orp., a grain processing plant, is attempting to obtain a pay raise from -rain&orp. management. %o pressure -rain&orp. management into accepting the union5s proposal, the president of the union has proposed a boycott against (;uare.art food stores, which are owned by .egafood, the parent company of -rain&orp. %he answer to which of the following ;uestions is 4)!(% directly relevant to the union president5s consideration of whether a boycott of (;uare.art will lead to acceptance of their pay rate proposal? !.Would the loss of business at (;uare.art stores materially affect .ega<ood? $.!re the staple food products purchased by consumers at (;uare.art stores readily available at other stores not owned by .ega<ood? &.3ow many (;uare.art are within the region of the -rain&orp plant? '.3ave other unions successfully employed the same strategy? Q - =. /n response to viral infection, the immune systems of mice typically produce antibodies that destroy the virus by binding to proteins on its surface. .ice infected with a herpesvirus generally develop keratitis, a degenerative disease affecting part of the eye. (ince proteins on the surface of cells in this part of the eye closely resemble those on the herpesvirus

surface, scientists hypothesi7e that these cases of keratitis are caused by antibodies to herpesvirus. Which of the following, if true, gives the greatest additional support to the scientists5 hypothesis? !. 1ther types of virus have surface proteins that closely resemble proteins found in various organs of mice. $. %here are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice contract herpes at roughly the same rate as other mice. &. .ice that are infected with a herpesvirus but do not develop keratitis produce as many antibodies as infected mice that do develop keratitis. '. %here are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice survive these infections without ever developing keratitis. ). .ice that have never been infected with a herpesvirus can sometimes develop keratitis. Q - >. ! certain automaker aims to increase its market share by deeply discounting its vehicles, prices for the next several months. %he discounts will cut into profits, but because they will be heavily advertised the manufacturer hopes that they will attract buyers away from rival manufacturers, cars. /n the longer term, the automaker envisions that customers initially attracted by the discounts may become loyal customers. /n assessing the plan,s chances of achieving its aim, it would be most useful to know which of the following? !" Whether the automaker,s competitors are likely to respond by offering deep discounts on their own products $" Whether the advertisements will be created by the manufacturer,s current advertising agency &" Whether some of the automaker,s models will be more deeply discounted than others '" Whether the automaker will be able to cut costs sufficiently to maintain profit margins even when the discounts are in effect )" Whether an alternative strategy might enable the automaker to enhance its profitability while

holding a constant or diminishing share of the market Q - ?. !ny combination of overwork and stress inevitably leads of insomnia. .anagers at 3i&orp, /nc., all suffer from stress. ! ma6ority of the managersdespite their doctors warningswork well over >@ hours per week, whereas the other managers work no more than the normal :@ hours per week. 3i&orp gives regular bonuses only to employees who work more than :@ hours per week. Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the statements above?

!" .anagers at 3i&orp work under conditions that are more stressful than the conditions under which managers at most other companies work. $" .ost of the employee bonuses given by 3i&orp are given to managers. &" !t 3i&orp, insomnia is more widespread among managers than among any other group of employees. '" *o manager at 3i&orp who works only :@ hours per week suffers from overwork. )" .ost of the managers at 3i&orp who receive regular bonuses have insomnia. Q - A. /t is illegal to advertise prescription medications in 3edland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical 6ournals. ! proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications. 1pponents ob6ect that the general population lacks the speciali7ed knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications. $ut since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common. Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument? !" Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable $" Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised &" Whether the proposed law re;uires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians '" Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians )" Whether physicians would give in to a patient,s demand for a prescription medication

chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired Q - B. /n Washington &ounty, attendance at the movies is 6ust large enough for the cinema operators to make modest profits. %he si7e of the county,s population is stable and is not expected to increase much. 2et there are investors ready to double the number of movie screens in the county within five years, and they are predicting solid profits both for themselves and for the established cinema operators. Which of the following, if true about Washington &ounty, most helps to provide a 6ustification for the investors, prediction? !" 1ver the next ten years, people in their teenage years, the prime moviegoing age, will be a rapidly growing proportion of the county,s population. $" !s distinct from the existing cinemas, most of the cinemas being planned would be located in downtown areas, in hopes of stimulating an economic revitali7ation of those areas. &" (pending on video purchases, as well as spending on video rentals, has been increasing modestly each year for the past ten years. '" %he average number of screens per cinema is lower among existing cinemas than it is among cinemas still in the planning stages. )" %he sale of snacks and drinks in cinemas accounts for a steadily growing share of most cinema operators, profits. Q - 10. 1) Which of the following most logically completes the passage? Recidivism is the return to criminal behavior and conse!uently a return to prison of a former prisoner who has already served in incarceration for a criminal conviction. "n the #nited $tates most burglars and common thieves have a recidivist rate above %0&. $tudies have shown that when available those incarcerated burglars and thieves who pursue post-secondary education while in prison have substantially lower recidivism rates. 'herefore the government should fund programs that assist incarcerated burglars and thieves in pursuing higher education especially since (((((((((((((((((((((((((((. ). right now only a small percentage of all incarcerated burglars and thieves are pursuing any educational opportunities. *. a wider education would allow those currently incarcerated to understand and appreciate the high incidence of recidivism +. the cost of providing a complete post-secondary education would almost double the yearly costs associated with ,eeping that person incarcerated

-. higher educational level provides wider .ob opportunities and according to studies poverty is one of the chief causes of recidivism /. convicts with certain mental illnesses tend to lapse into recidivism regardless of the opportunities and support they encounter upon their release

Q - 11. &odex $erinensis, a <lorentine copy of an ancient Coman medical treatise, is undated but contains clues to when it was produced. /ts first A@ pages are by a single copyist, but the remaining +@ pages are by three different copyists, which indicates some significant disruption. (ince a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a plague that killed many people in <lorence in 11:A, &odex $erinensis was probably produced in that year. Which of the following, if true, most strongly su orts the hy othesis th!t Co"e# $erinensis w!s ro"uce" in 11%&' !" 1ther than &odex $erinensis, there are no known samples of the handwriting of the first three copyists. $" !ccording to the account by the fourth copyist, the plague went on for 1@ months. &" ! scribe would be able to copy a page of text the si7e and style of &odex $erinensis in a day. '" %here was only one outbreak of plague in <lorence in the 11@@s. )" %he number of pages of &odex $erinensis produced by a single scribe becomes smaller with each successive change of copyist

Q - 1+. /n 1BA>, the city of 4os 'iablos had +@ days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. /n early 1BA?, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 01 days that year and on 0B days the following year. /n 1BAB, however, the number of smog alerts in 4os 'iablos dropped to sixteen. %he main air pollutants in 4os 'iablos are o7one and carbon monoxide, and since 1BA> the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography. Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be 4)!(% helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in 4os 'iablos between 1BA> and 1BAB?

!" %he 1BA? air pollution control measures enacted in 4os 'iablos were put into effect in *ovember of 1BAA. $" /n 'ecember of 1BAA a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented. &" /n <ebruary of 1BAB, the #ollution &ontrol $oard of 4os 'iablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful. '" /n 1BAA the mayor of 4os 'iablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures. )" )xcess o7one and carbon monoxide re;uire a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area. Q - 10. ! low-pressure weather system is approaching #lainville8 rainfall results from about ?@ percent of such systems in the #lainville area. .oreover, the current season, spring, is the time of year in which thundershowers, which sometimes result from low-pressure systems, are most likely to occur in #lainville. 9nowing which one of the following, in addition to the information above, would be most useful for determining the probability that #lainville will have a thundershower soon? !" the percentage of thundershowers in #lainville that occur in the spring $" the percentage of spring rainfalls in #lainville that are thundershowers &" the percentage of thundershowers in #lainville that result from low-pressure systems '" whether low-pressure systems in other areas are associated with rainfall )" whether #lainville has more or fewer thundershowers each spring than do nearby towns Q - 1:. !ll bridges built from 1B=@ to 1B>@ are in serious need of rehabilitation. (ome bridges constructed in this period, however, were built according to faulty engineering design. %hat is the bad news. %he good news is that at least some bridges in serious need of rehabilitation are not suspension bridges, since no suspension bridges are among the bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design. /f the statements above are true, then, on the basis of those statements, which one of the following must be true? !" (ome suspension bridges are not in serious need of rehabilitation. $" (ome suspension bridges are in serious need of rehabilitation. &" (ome bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design are in serious need of rehabilitation. '" (ome bridges built from 1B=@ to 1B>@ are not in serious need of rehabilitation. )" (ome bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design are not bridges other than suspension bridges. Q - 1=. /n a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars. When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on. #utting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobili7ing the animal by shooting it with a tran;uili7er dart. <emale rhinoceroses that have been fre;uently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females. #robably, therefore,

some substance in the tran;uili7er inhibits fertility. /n evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of the following? !" Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park $" 3ow the tran;uili7er that is used for immobili7ing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tran;uili7ers used with other large mammals &" 3ow often park rangers need to use tran;uili7er darts to immobili7e rhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars '" Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any more often than female rhinoceroses do )" Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have for tracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park