ACTIVITY 1 AIM: In this activity you will learn about velocity acceleration and deceleration in relation to frictional and

gravitational forces using a ticker-timer. You should be able to: Learn about velocity, acceleration, and deceleration using a ticker-timer. Describe how friction compensation is done on a runway. Describe how the ticker-timer works. Describe the experimental procedures taken to measure velocity of a trolley using a ticker-timer. Identify ticker-timer tapes that show uniform velocity and those that show accelerated motion. Calculate velocity from a ticker tape. Determine acceleration due to gravity using a ticker-timer. APPARATUS: To set up this activity, the following equipments are needed: Trolleys, runways, ticker-timers, ticker tapes, and rulers.

PROCEDURES: Set up the trolley to move on a horizontal runaway as shown in figure below (under the guidance of your teacher). Observe and describe how the trolley moves along the runaway. Suggest how the trolley moves down the runway at a constant speed.

Ask your teacher help you produce various tapes fro constant velocity and accelerated motion. Examine the various tapes obtained. Describe the various tapes that show uniform velocity and those showing accelerated motion. Describe in each case how spacing between dots varies Describe the type of motion represented

Tape (take initial part of the tape to be on the left) A B C D E

DETERMINING VELOCITY FROM THE TICKER TAPE Answer the following questions: If frequency of the ticker timer is f, what is the time interval between two successive dots? If frequency of the ticker timer is 50Hz, what is the time interval for the following cases? From the 1st to the 2nd dot. .. From the 1st to the 5th dot From the 1st to the 100th dot

The following examples show various tapes each of length 8cm got using a ticker timer of frequency 50Hz. In each case find the time interval of the tape and the velocity in ms-1. Tape A B C Time interval Velocity

DETERMINING ACCELERATION FROM THE TICHER TAPE Set up the experiment and produce a number of ticker tapes using a trolley running on an inclined runway.

Sample ticker tape:

Discuss how to choose the interval for the initial and final velocities on the accelerated tape. Discuss why the initial dots could be ignored (cut off). Calculate initial and final velocities on the accelerated tapes.

Discuss how to obtain the time taken to change from initial to final velocity. Calculate acceleration on the accelerated tapes.

Calculate acceleration for the tapes below, in the steps given. Take frequency f = 50Hz

Time for initial interval x or final interval y, t/s Initial velocity, u/ms-1 Final velocity, v/ms-1 The distance x = 18cm The distance y = 30cm Time to change from average velocity u to average velocity v, T/s

Acceleration, a B Time, t

The distance x = 14cm The distance y = 24cm

Initial velocity, u

Final velocity, v

Time, T

Acceleration, a

DETERMINING ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY USING THE TICKER TIMER Discuss set up of the experiment.

Set up the experiment as shown in diagram and produce a number of ticker tapes. Use the method of finding acceleration (from above) to determine the acceleration due to gravity.

Time for initial interval x or final interval y, t/s Initial velocity, u

Final velocity, v

Time to change from average velocity u to average velocity v, T/s Acceleration, a

Homework 1 Tape Describe in each case how spacing between dots varies A Describe the type of motion represented

B C D E

Homework 2 The following examples show various tapes each of length 8cm got using a ticker timer of frequency 50Hz. In each case find the time interval and the time interval of the tape and the velocity in ms-1. Tape A B C Time interval Velocity