Angelica M. Melissa L. Danielle L. Janiece L. SayVaughn B.

Force, Mass, Acceleration Lab Abstract: The aim of this experiment is to see how different factors affect the acceleration of the cart. 3 specific factors were tested in this experiment were the fallowing: the length of the string, the mass on the cart, and the mass at the end of the string. When the length of the string was measured, a knot was tied at 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm respectively;then the mass at the end of the string was kept constant as well as the distance traveled by the cart. When the mass on the cart was tested, the mass at the end of the string was kept constant (0.1 kg) and the mass on the cart was changed to 0.05kg, 0.10kg, and 0.15kg. When the mass at the end of the string was changed to 0.05 kg, 0.1 kg. and 0.15 kg, the mass at the end of the string was kept constant at 0.1 kg. Based on the result, there is no relationship between the length of the string; this is also true for the relationship between the mass at the end of the string and the acceleration. However, there seems to be a unclear, vague relationship between the mass on the cart and the acceleration: As the mass gets heavier, the acceleration gets faster. Aim: The mass at the end of the string, the mass on the cart, and the length of the string will affect the acceleration of the cart. From our force lab, we learned that increasing the mass also increases the force on our object. Our group believes that increasing the mass on the cart, mass at end of the string, and length of string will increase the acceleration of the cart ,because of the demo we saw in class. Five students wished to determine how different factors affect the acceleration of the cart. We did this by changing the mass at the end of the string, length of string, and mass on cart and measured whether these variables changed the acceleration of the cart. In this lab we will answer the following question: - How does the length of string contribute to the acceleration of the cart? - If we change the mass on the end of the string will the cart accelerate? -Does changing different factors affect the acceleration of the cart? Hypothesis: We believe that upon changing the length of the string will have an affect on the acceleration of the cart because if the string varies in length it will pull the car faster if the string is shorter.The reason being the string being rotated around the pulley would take less time if it was shorter.

We believe that objects with larger mass at the end of string will make the car accelerate faster.We predict this because,from the demo in class we saw how when the mass at the end of the string was altered the cart moved a lot faster. We believe that if we changed the mass on top of the cart it would slow down the cart because the mass on the cart will get heavier ;therefore, making it harder to pull. Apparatus: The first factor that was tested was whether the length of the string affected the carts acceleration. A member held the cart in place, while another tied a knot at 30 cm. The mass at the end of the string was kept constant; however, on top of the cart there was no mass. A signal was indicated and the team member let the cart go, while another team member timed the cart. The same steps were repeated except instead of tying a knot on 30 cm it was changed to 60 cm and then 90 cm. The diamonds represent the knots. See figure below:

The next factor tested was whether the mass on the cart affected the cars acceleration. The mass at the end of the string was kept constant (0.1 kg), while the mass on top of the cart was changed to the following masses: .05 kg, 0.1 kg, and 0.15 kg. The team member would let go of the cart, the cart would roll down the table, and the times were recorded. See figure below:

The last factor to be investigated was whether the mass on the string affected the carts acceleration. The mass on the cart (0.1kg) and the distance traveled by the cart were kept constant. The mass on the string was changed to 0.05 kg, 0.10 kg, and 0.15 kg. Once again a group member would hold the cart in place meanwhile the mass was being changed. The team member let the cart roll down, while the time was being recorded. See figure below:

Procedure: For the first part of this lab, you need a 30cm, 60cm, and 90cm piece of string.Also you need a 0.1kg weight because this is going to to be your control. Next, place the 0.1kg weight on top of the cart. Then, you are going to want to also place a 0.1kg weight on the end of the pulley and make sure the weight is the same for all three

lengths. Next, pull the string to 30 cm and release the cart. Make sure you bring the cart to a stop as soon as the weight on the pulley hits the ground to avoid the sound of the impact. Record data and repeat these steps because you want to have a total of two trials for all three of the lengths to see how the results differentiate. For the second part of this lab, you are testing how the mass at the end of the string affects the carts acceleration, you need a 0.05kg, 0.1kg, and 0.15kg weight You are keeping the same control for this second part also. Next you will apply the 0.05kg weight at the end of the pulleys string. Once the weight is applied to the end of the string, release the cart remembering to stop it as soon as the weight hits the ground to avoid the loud impact. Record your data and repeat ensuring that you have a total of 2 trials for each weight. For the last part of this lab, you will need the same weights used in the second part of this lab. Those weights are 0.05kg, 0.1kg, and 0.15kg. Instead of placing these weights on the end of the string, you will be placing them on top of the cart. First place the 0.05kg on top of the cart. Once this is completed, release the cart. Remember to stop it as soon as it hit the ground. Record Data and repeat ensuring that you have a total of 2 trials for each amount of weight.

Data: The following data tables show the accelerations for each object in each of our experiments: Length Of String

Length(cm) 30 60 90

Trial 1 (s) 1.03 .81 1.19

Trial 2 (s) .88 .72 1.41

Average of both Trials(s) .955 .765 1.3

Acceleration (m/s/s) .6579 2.0505 1.065

Mass at the end of string

Mass(kg) 0.05 0.1 0.15

Trial 1 (s) 1.75 2.57 1.93

Trial 2 (s) 2.41 2.49 2.37

Average of both trials(s) 2.08 2.53 2.15 Mass on cart

Acceleration (m/s/s) .0046 .0031 .0043

Mass(kg)

Trail 1 (s) 2.06 1.37 1.94

Trail 2 (s) 1.55 1.55 2.50

Average of both trials(s)

Acceleration (m/s/s) .0061 .0094 .0090

0.05 0.1 0.15

1.805 1.46 2.22

Evaluation of Data: In order to interpret our data we must realize that sometimes our hypothesis can be wrong. Our group created this lab thinking one thing was going to happen and we got totally different result. Interpreting the data from the length of string, we see that there is a positive slope for the best fit line, and that indicates to us that as the length of the string gets bigger, so does the mass and the acceleration. Our second graph shows that when we change the mass at the end of the string there is a negative correlation between the mass and the acceleration. Lastly, changing the mass on top of the cart will form a positive best fit line. Which means that as the mass on top of the cart gets bigger, so does the acceleration.

Conclusion: In experiment 1, it was discovered that carts attached to strings with longer lengths accelerate faster when experiencing the same force on top of the cart and at the end of the string as carts with shorter lengths of string. The data collected suggests a linear relationship between mass and acceleration. The positive slope of the best fit line

(6.785) suggests that when the length of the string is raised by 30 cm, the carts acceleration will become faster by 6.785 m/s/s. The linear relationship between length of string and acceleration tells us that the cart with 90 cm accelerated more quickly. We can now say that for any two objects experiencing the same force as the other, the object being pulled by a longer length of string would have a faster acceleration. For example, when a skateboarder is being pulled down a hill with a longer rope, he or she will accelerate faster than a skateboarder being pulled by a rope that is very short. In experiment 2, it was discovered that carts that are pulled with a heavier mass at the end of the string accelerate more slowly when experiencing the same force as carts pulled with a lighter mass at the end of the string. The data collected suggests an inverse relationship between mass at the end of the string and acceleration. The negative slope of the best fit line (-0.005) suggests that when the mass at the end of the string is increased by 0.05 kg, the carts acceleration will slow down by 0.005 m/s/s. The inverse relationship seen between mass at the end of the string and its acceleration tells us that the cart being pulled by 0.15 kg at the end of the string accelerated more slowly, based on our results. For any two objects experiencing the same force, the object that has more force at the end of the string will have a slower acceleration, based on our results. For example, when a person is pulling down a rope that is in a well with more strength to get the bucket of water, the acceleration of that bucket will be slower than a person pulling the rope down the well with less strength. In experiment 3, it was discovered that carts with a heavier mass on top of them accelerate more quickly when experiencing the same force at the end of the string as carts with a lighter mass on top of them. The data collected suggests a linear relationship between mass on cart and acceleration. Specifically, the positive slope of the best fit line (0.029) suggests that when the mass on the cart is raised by 0.05 kg, the carts acceleration will speed up by 0.029 m/s/s. The linear relationship between mass on cart and acceleration tells us that the cart with 0.015 kg on it accelerated more quickly. In a real life scenario, when an adult sleds down a snowy hill, that adults acceleration would be faster than a childs acceleration sledding down a snowy hill.

Lab Questions:

1. Our data does not support the claim.

2.Yes, our data supports this claim because in the second and third experiment we saw how changing the larger force accelerated more quickly. 3. Cant be addressed by our lab. 4.Cant be addressed by our lab. 5.Cant be addressed by our lab. Group Overall, this lab report was solid. You have done a very nice job, in your conclusion, of making a convincing, well-supported argument for the meaning of your data - by using the claim-evidence-warrant. Additionally, the abstract, apparatus, and data tables are thorough and well done. There are, though, some areas where you either have made some omissions - leaving out specific details - or some errors in presentation (graph x-axis). Overall, your reader gets a sense of what was done and why - a more careful precision in some places would take this report to the next level! L1 - Purpose - M - give background with definitions! L3 - Design - M - what was measured? L5 - Graphs - M - see comments about x-axis L7 - Trends - P - clear + correct identification of trends L9 - Conclusion - P - good use of C-E-W L11 - Data support model? - M - well done W1 - A - definitions missing! W2 - P - no grammar errors detected