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Next Generation Oracle Exadata Storage Server and Oracle Database Machine - V2

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

Exadata Success

Exadata is succeeding in all geographies and industries against every competitor

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

The Products
Sun Oracle Database Machine
Pre-Configured High Performance Balanced performance configuration Takes the guess work out of building an Oracle deployment

Exadata Storage Server & Database Machine

Exadata Storage Server

Storage Product Optimized for Oracle Database Extreme I/O and SQL Processing performance Combination of hardware and software

Exadata Storage Server Software

Exadata Storage Server Software Oracle Database 11.2

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

Why Exadata

Extreme Performance:

Up to 10X-100X for data warehouses Up to 20X for OLTP applications

Linear Scalability:

Performance scales linearly with increase in data volumes.

Enterprise Ready:

Complete system ready to deploy on day one Single point of support from Oracle for hardware and software

Standard:

Works transparently with existing applications. Manage your databases and applications the same way you do today.

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

Exadata Smart Storage


Exadata Storage Cells

Breaks Data Bandwidth and Random I/O Bottleneck

Oracle addresses data bandwidth bottleneck 3 ways

Massively parallel storage grid of high performance Exadata storage servers (cells). Data bandwidth scales with data volume Data intensive processing runs in Exadata storage. Smart Scans - Queries run in storage as data streams from disk, offloading database server CPUs Storage Indexes Eliminate unnecessary I/Os to disk Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression reduces data volume up to 10x 10x lower cost, 10x higher performance

Oracle solves random I/O bottlenecks using Exadata Smart Flash Cache

Smart caching increases random I/Os by factor of 20X Sub-millisecond response times

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Exadata V2 Hardware

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

Sun Oracle Database Machine

Grid is the architecture of the future

Highest performance, lowest cost, redundant, incrementally scalable

Sun Oracle Database Machine delivers the first and only complete grid architecture for all data management needs

RAC Database Server Grid Exadata Storage Server Grid

8 High-performance low-cost compute servers 2 Intel quad-core Xeons each

InfiniBand Network

40 Gb/sec fault-tolerant unified server and storage network 3 36-port QDR Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switches

14 High-performance low-cost storage servers 100 TB raw SAS disk storage or 336 TB raw SATA disk storage 5TB+ flash storage!

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Sun Exadata Storage Server Hardware


24 GB DRAM (6 x 4GB)

Dual-redundant, hotswappable power supplies

ILOM

Disk Controller HBA with 512M battery backed cache

12 x 3.5 Disk Drives (600GB SAS or 2TB SATA) 2 Quad-Core Intel Xeon E5540 Processors

Installed Software: Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software Oracle Enterprise Linux Drivers 4 x 96GB Sun Flash PCIe Cards

InfiniBand QDR (40Gb/s) dual port card

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

X4170 Database Server Hardware


72 GB DRAM (18 x 4GB)

Dual-redundant, hotswappable power supplies

ILOM

4 x 2.5 146GB Disk Drives

4 x 1GbE Interfaces

2 Quad-Core Intel Xeon E5540 Processors

Installed Software: Oracle Enterprise Linux Oracle Database 11.2 Software Drivers Disk Controller HBA with 512M battery backed cache

InfiniBand QDR (40Gb/s) dual port card

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

InfiniBand Network

Unified InfiniBand Network

Storage Network RAC Interconnect External Connectivity (optional) Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36

High Performance, Low Latency Network

80 Gb/s bandwidth per link (40 Gb/s each direction) SAN-like Efficiency (Zero copy, buffer reservation) Simple manageability like IP network

Protocols

Zero-copy Zero-loss Datagram Protocol (ZDP RDSv3) Internet Protocol over InfiniBand (IPoIB)
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Start Small and Grow


Quarter Rack Half Rack Full Rack

Raw Disk SAS 72 TB 1.1 TB

21 TB

50 TB 168 TB 2.6 TB

100 TB 336 TB 5.3 TB


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SATA

Raw Flash

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Scale to Multiple Racks

Multi-Petabyte Databases - Scale up to Hundreds of Storage Servers Scale up to 8 Database Machine Full Racks by using more InfiniBand cables Scale to more Racks by using External InfiniBand Switches
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Exadata Product Performance


Full Rack Half Rack Quarter Rack

SAS

Raw Disk Data Bandwidth1,3


SATA

21 GB/s
12 GB/s

10.5 GB/s 6 GB/s 25 GB/s 500,000

4.5 GB/s 2.5 GB/s 11 GB/s 225,000

Raw Flash Data Bandwidth1,3

50 GB/s 1,000,000

Flash IOPS2,3

1 Bandwidth is peak physical disk scan bandwidth, assuming no compression. .

2 IOPs Based on IO requests of size 8K

3 - Actual performance will vary by application.

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Exadata V2 vs. V1 Hardware Comparisons

Same architecture as previous Database Machine


New
Latest Technologies
80% Faster CPUs Xeon 5500 Series 40 Gb InfiniBand 6 Gb SAS Links DDR3 DRAM 600 GB SAS Disks 2 TB SATA Disks 72 GB per DB Node 4 Ethernet links per DB Node

Same number and type of Servers, CPUs, Disks

Faster

100% Faster Networking 50% Faster Disk Throughput 200% Faster Memory

Better
125% More Memory

33% More SAS Disk Capacity 100% More SATA Disk Capacity

100% More Ethernet Connectivity

Plus Flash Storage!

New
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Exadata V2 Flash

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Sun FlashFire technology

Based on Open Flash Module

Minimum size / Maximum performance NOT an SSD drive... This is Flash memory.

Two products announced at OOW

F5100 flash array Used in TPC-C benchmark announced in Larry's keynote Sunday eve. Sun Flash Accelerator F20 PCIe Card

Copyright 2009, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates

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NAND Basics

Multi Level Cell MLC


> 10MB/sec per Die (Write) > Data Retention: 3-4 years > Endurance: 1,500 cycles > 2x Capacity of SLC

Single Level Cell (SLC) > 30MB/sec per Die (Write) > Data Retention: 10 years > Endurance: 100,000 cycles > 1.8-2.0x price of MLC

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True Enterprise Flash

I/O pattern and wear specifications confusing

Customer must always design for worst case Service level agreements are everything

Sun/Samsung Any I/O standard

Designed for worst case I/O pattern 100% Write Duty 100% Read Duty Any combination including data retention

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Sun Flash Accelerator F20 PCIe Card


96GB Storage Capacity
4 x 24GB Flash modules/doms 6GB reserved for failures

x8 PCIe card Super Capacitor backup Optimized for Database caching Fully integrated into the Exadata V2 database machine. Measured end-to-end performance
3.6GB/sec/cell 75,000 IOPs/cell

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FlashFire in Exadata V2

Cell cache on the storage cells. Write-though cache, transparently used to accelerate reads 4 x Cards (384GB/cell) used to create a Cache on the cell level. Able to pull 3.6GB/sec total bandwidth from 4 Cards on each storage cell.

50GB/sec total from flash. 21GB/sec from disk.

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Monitoring Flash Response Time

Use standard Oracle tools

AWR Enterprise Monitor End-to-End

Random Reads

db_file_sequential_reads become.... cell single block physical reads

Event Waits ------------------------------ -----------cell single block physical rea 2,029,590 DB CPU gc cr grant 2-way 2,161,346 cell multiblock physical read 170,707 gc cr multi block request 2,533,564

Avg wait % DB Time(s) (ms) time Wait Class ----------- ------ ------ ---------1,223 1 31.7 User I/O 822 21.3 805 0 20.9 Cluster 719 4 18.7 User I/O 340 0 8.8 Cluster

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Exadata Smart Flash Cache

Performance - 50GB/s and 1 million IOPs

Use PCIe cards instead of SSDs to avoid slow disk interface Exadata storage, InfiniBand and PCIe can drive higher levels of performance Traditional Storage Arrays and SANs already have internal bottlenecks which prevent them from exploiting the full spinning disk performance and hence are unable to leverage the higher performance of flash technology

Capacity

Linearly scalable no bottlenecks as you add more storage Efficient Compression increases effective performance and capacity by up to 10X

Smart Caching

Integrated Database and Exadata Storage Server software ensures only frequently accessed data in cached Automatically skips caching of data that will not be frequently accessed or avoid caching data that will not fit in the cache Database awareness enables caching only data likely to be accessed again User can fine-tune caching policies online

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Exadata V2 Software

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Exadata v1 Software Features

Exadata Smart Scans

Exadata cells implement smart scans to greatly reduce the data that needs to be processed by database

Only return relevant rows and columns to database Offload predicate evaluation

Data reduction is usually very large

Column and row reduction often decrease data to be returned to the database by 10x

Join Filtering

Bloom filters used for join filtering in storage

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Exadata v1 Software Features

Smart Incremental Backup

Block Change Tracking maintains the set of blocks changed with a bitmap that has 1 bit per 32k and does a large (approx 1M) IO if needed. When a large IO for incremental backup is done at exadata, exadata filters out most of the data and returns only the data that needs to be a part of the incremental backup. Change Tracking File Content for 1MB

001010110010101100101011001010000

Smart Incremental backup Request

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Exadata v1 Software Features

Fast File Creation

Files created by the database are initialized Full blocks initialized by database and written to storage With Exadata, only metadata is sent by Database to Exadata Initialization is done by the Exadata storage server software on the drives Tremendous reduction in IO between database to storage

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Exadata v2 Software Features

Hybrid Columnar Compression Smart Flash Cache Storage Index Smart Scan Additions Manageability Enhancements

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Hybrid Columnar Compression


Useful for data that is bulk loaded and queried Tables are organized into Compression Units (CUs)
CUs are larger than database blocks Usually around 32K

Compression Unit

Reduces Table 10x to Size 50x Reduction 4x to 40x

Within Compression Unit, data is Organized by Column instead of by row


Column organization brings similar values close together, enhancing compression

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Hybrid Columnar Compression

Modes of Compression

Query Mode 10x average savings Archive Mode 15x average savings

Smart Scans on HCC tables in Exadata

Column Projection Decompression Row Filtering

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Smart Flash Cache


Understands different types of I/Os from database
Skips caching I/Os to mirror copies Skips caching backups Skips caching data pump I/O Skips caching tablespace formatting Resistant to table scans Control File Reads and Writes are cached File header reads and writes are cached Data Blocks and Index blocks are cached

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Smart Flash Cache Keep Directive

DBA can enforce that an object is kept in flash cache

ALTER TABLE calldetail STORAGE (CELL_FLASH_CACHE KEEP)

Can be set like other storage clause values

At table level, partition level, during creation time etc.

Table scans on objects marked with cell_flash_cache keep run through the flash cache

Disk bandwidth full rack 21GB/s Flash bandwidth full rack 50GB/s

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Smart Flash Cache Benefits

Smart Flash Cache w/ HCC compressed table

Converts 5TB of flash into 50TB of flash cache

Flash Cache does not use space for redundancy

Better utilization of premium storage

Scans through flash cache take advantage of disks too!

Disks 21GB/s Flash 50GB/s Flash cache > 69GB/s (featured in exadata demo)

1 Million 8k I/Os per second on a full rack at sub millisecond latency

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Storage Index Basic example


Index
Exadata Storage Indexes maintain summary information about table data in memory
Store MIN and MAX values of columns Typically one index entry for every MB of disk

Table

B C D

Min B = 1 Max B =5 Eliminates disk I/Os if MIN and MAX can never match where clause of a query Min B = 3 Completely automatic and transparent Max B =8

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Storage Index with Partitions Example


Order_Date Partitioning Column 2007 2008 2009 2009 2008 2007 Ship_Date Item

Orders Table

Order#

Queries on Ship_Date do not benefit from Order_Date partitioning

However Ship_date and Order# are highly correlated with Order_Date e.g. Ship dates are usually near Order_Dates and are never less

Storage index provides partition pruning like performance for queries on Ship_Date and Order#

Takes advantage of ordering created by partitioning or sorted loading

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Smart Scan Additions

Features

Smart Scans on Encrypted Tablespaces Smart Scans on Encrypted Columns Smart Scans for Data Mining Scoring

Benefits

CPU utilization on database node dramatically improves Less data shipped to database nodes

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Manageability Improvements

OCR and Voting Disk in ASM Diskgroup

OCR and voting disk can reside on exadata

Firmware upgrades of Components automatically handled on replacements

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Resources

Oracle.com:

http://www.oracle.com/exadata

Oracle Exadata Technology Portal on OTN:

http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exada ta

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