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Next Generation Oracle Exadata Storage Server and Oracle Database Machine - V2
Exadata Success
The Products
Sun Oracle Database Machine
Pre-Configured High Performance Balanced performance configuration Takes the guess work out of building an Oracle deployment
Storage Product Optimized for Oracle Database Extreme I/O and SQL Processing performance Combination of hardware and software
Why Exadata
Extreme Performance:
Linear Scalability:
Enterprise Ready:
Complete system ready to deploy on day one Single point of support from Oracle for hardware and software
Standard:
Works transparently with existing applications. Manage your databases and applications the same way you do today.
Massively parallel storage grid of high performance Exadata storage servers (cells). Data bandwidth scales with data volume Data intensive processing runs in Exadata storage. Smart Scans - Queries run in storage as data streams from disk, offloading database server CPUs Storage Indexes Eliminate unnecessary I/Os to disk Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression reduces data volume up to 10x 10x lower cost, 10x higher performance
Oracle solves random I/O bottlenecks using Exadata Smart Flash Cache
Smart caching increases random I/Os by factor of 20X Sub-millisecond response times
Exadata V2 Hardware
Sun Oracle Database Machine delivers the first and only complete grid architecture for all data management needs
InfiniBand Network
40 Gb/sec fault-tolerant unified server and storage network 3 36-port QDR Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switches
14 High-performance low-cost storage servers 100 TB raw SAS disk storage or 336 TB raw SATA disk storage 5TB+ flash storage!
ILOM
12 x 3.5 Disk Drives (600GB SAS or 2TB SATA) 2 Quad-Core Intel Xeon E5540 Processors
Installed Software: Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software Oracle Enterprise Linux Drivers 4 x 96GB Sun Flash PCIe Cards
ILOM
4 x 1GbE Interfaces
Installed Software: Oracle Enterprise Linux Oracle Database 11.2 Software Drivers Disk Controller HBA with 512M battery backed cache
InfiniBand Network
Storage Network RAC Interconnect External Connectivity (optional) Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
80 Gb/s bandwidth per link (40 Gb/s each direction) SAN-like Efficiency (Zero copy, buffer reservation) Simple manageability like IP network
Protocols
Zero-copy Zero-loss Datagram Protocol (ZDP RDSv3) Internet Protocol over InfiniBand (IPoIB)
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21 TB
50 TB 168 TB 2.6 TB
SATA
Raw Flash
Multi-Petabyte Databases - Scale up to Hundreds of Storage Servers Scale up to 8 Database Machine Full Racks by using more InfiniBand cables Scale to more Racks by using External InfiniBand Switches
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SAS
21 GB/s
12 GB/s
50 GB/s 1,000,000
Flash IOPS2,3
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Faster
100% Faster Networking 50% Faster Disk Throughput 200% Faster Memory
Better
125% More Memory
33% More SAS Disk Capacity 100% More SATA Disk Capacity
New
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Exadata V2 Flash
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Minimum size / Maximum performance NOT an SSD drive... This is Flash memory.
F5100 flash array Used in TPC-C benchmark announced in Larry's keynote Sunday eve. Sun Flash Accelerator F20 PCIe Card
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NAND Basics
Single Level Cell (SLC) > 30MB/sec per Die (Write) > Data Retention: 10 years > Endurance: 100,000 cycles > 1.8-2.0x price of MLC
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Customer must always design for worst case Service level agreements are everything
Designed for worst case I/O pattern 100% Write Duty 100% Read Duty Any combination including data retention
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x8 PCIe card Super Capacitor backup Optimized for Database caching Fully integrated into the Exadata V2 database machine. Measured end-to-end performance
3.6GB/sec/cell 75,000 IOPs/cell
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FlashFire in Exadata V2
Cell cache on the storage cells. Write-though cache, transparently used to accelerate reads 4 x Cards (384GB/cell) used to create a Cache on the cell level. Able to pull 3.6GB/sec total bandwidth from 4 Cards on each storage cell.
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Random Reads
Event Waits ------------------------------ -----------cell single block physical rea 2,029,590 DB CPU gc cr grant 2-way 2,161,346 cell multiblock physical read 170,707 gc cr multi block request 2,533,564
Avg wait % DB Time(s) (ms) time Wait Class ----------- ------ ------ ---------1,223 1 31.7 User I/O 822 21.3 805 0 20.9 Cluster 719 4 18.7 User I/O 340 0 8.8 Cluster
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Use PCIe cards instead of SSDs to avoid slow disk interface Exadata storage, InfiniBand and PCIe can drive higher levels of performance Traditional Storage Arrays and SANs already have internal bottlenecks which prevent them from exploiting the full spinning disk performance and hence are unable to leverage the higher performance of flash technology
Capacity
Linearly scalable no bottlenecks as you add more storage Efficient Compression increases effective performance and capacity by up to 10X
Smart Caching
Integrated Database and Exadata Storage Server software ensures only frequently accessed data in cached Automatically skips caching of data that will not be frequently accessed or avoid caching data that will not fit in the cache Database awareness enables caching only data likely to be accessed again User can fine-tune caching policies online
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Exadata V2 Software
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Exadata cells implement smart scans to greatly reduce the data that needs to be processed by database
Only return relevant rows and columns to database Offload predicate evaluation
Column and row reduction often decrease data to be returned to the database by 10x
Join Filtering
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Block Change Tracking maintains the set of blocks changed with a bitmap that has 1 bit per 32k and does a large (approx 1M) IO if needed. When a large IO for incremental backup is done at exadata, exadata filters out most of the data and returns only the data that needs to be a part of the incremental backup. Change Tracking File Content for 1MB
001010110010101100101011001010000
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Files created by the database are initialized Full blocks initialized by database and written to storage With Exadata, only metadata is sent by Database to Exadata Initialization is done by the Exadata storage server software on the drives Tremendous reduction in IO between database to storage
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Hybrid Columnar Compression Smart Flash Cache Storage Index Smart Scan Additions Manageability Enhancements
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Compression Unit
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Modes of Compression
Query Mode 10x average savings Archive Mode 15x average savings
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Table scans on objects marked with cell_flash_cache keep run through the flash cache
Disk bandwidth full rack 21GB/s Flash bandwidth full rack 50GB/s
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Disks 21GB/s Flash 50GB/s Flash cache > 69GB/s (featured in exadata demo)
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Table
B C D
Min B = 1 Max B =5 Eliminates disk I/Os if MIN and MAX can never match where clause of a query Min B = 3 Completely automatic and transparent Max B =8
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Orders Table
Order#
However Ship_date and Order# are highly correlated with Order_Date e.g. Ship dates are usually near Order_Dates and are never less
Storage index provides partition pruning like performance for queries on Ship_Date and Order#
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Features
Smart Scans on Encrypted Tablespaces Smart Scans on Encrypted Columns Smart Scans for Data Mining Scoring
Benefits
CPU utilization on database node dramatically improves Less data shipped to database nodes
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Manageability Improvements
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Resources
Oracle.com:
http://www.oracle.com/exadata
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exada ta
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