Directory ProgCom

Directory of Development Communication Resources in South Asia
Cover Photo: UNICEF/HQ 05-0155/Kathryn Grusovin ISBN NO: 99946-896-3-0 The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Regional Office for South Asia, May 2006 For further information or suggestions for inputs into Volume 2, Please contact: Regional Programme Communication Adviser UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia (ROSA) PO Box 5815, Lekhnath Marg Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: rosa@unicef.org Credits: Research, development and production: Guy B. Scandlen Consultant Teresa H. Stuart Regional Programme Communication Adviser, UNICEF ROSA Design by: Multi Graphic Press Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal
Table of Contents
Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Location State & City Name of Institution and People Responsible BANGLADESH (Dhaka) Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP) Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG) Communica Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD) Mass Communication and Journalism Department University of Dhaka National Institute of Mass Communication Protikriti Communications STEPS (Towards Development) Training and Technology Transfer (TTT) INDIA Andra Pradesh, Hyderabad Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA) CMC Ltd. Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW) Department of Communication Union Territory of Delhi, New Delhi Centre for Media and Alternative Communication (CMAC) Centre for Media Studies (CMS) Research House Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) A J Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre Jamia Millia Islamia University Gujarat, Ahmedabad Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus Mudra Institute of Communications (MICA) National Institute of Design Karnataka, Bangalore SAMUHA 9 11 13 Page 17 19 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 41 45 49 52
54 57 61 63
65 67 70 72
Location State & City Rajasthan, Jaipur
Name of Institution and People Responsible Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR) Population and Development Education State Resource Centre Rajasthan Adult Education Association
Page 75 78 81
Udaipur Rajasthan State Institute of Education Research & Training (SIERT) Tamil Nadu, Chennai AIDS Prevention and Control Project, VHS Chennai (APAC) Bala Mandir Research Foundation, A Network for Information on Parenting (NIP) Educational Multi Media Research Centre Anna University Nalamdhana Peoples Union for Civil Liberties Song and Drama Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting State Resource Center, Ministry of Human Resource Development Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association Coimbatore Avinashlingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan Institute of Peoples Education Avinashlingam University Shanti Ashram Diwidigul Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust Communication and Training Center Madurai Mass Action for Social Welfare, Resource and Traning Center 122 113 116 108 110 105 102 99 93 96 97 91 85 88 83
Organisational Development & Excellence Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
World Bank-Assisted Integrated Child Development Services 119
Location State & City NEPAL (Kathmandu)
Name of Institution and People Responsible
Page 125 127 130
PAKISTAN Islamabad
Communication Corner Network of FM Radio Stations (MS) NEPAL Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association for International Development Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) 132 World View Nepal 135 National Health Education & Communication Centre: Radio 137 Ministry of Health, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) Nepal Family Health Program 141 Health Services Academy Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF) 143 145 147 150 152 154
Punjab, (Lahore) Edutainment as a Communication Strategy, Two Examples from Pakistan Directorate of General Health Services, Government of Punjab Department of Mass Communication Lahore College for Women University The Department of Mass Communication University of Punjab The Sindh Center for Rural Development Communication University of Sindh SRI LANKA (Colombo) Grant McCann Erickson MARGA Institute MDF (South Asia) Training and Consulting Post Graduate Institute of Management University of Sri Jayewardenepura Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA) Quantum The Open University of Sri Lanka Department of Social Studies Summary of Institutions and People by Activity or Area of Expertise 156 159 161 163 165 167 169 171 173 175
Foreword
The Directory of Development Communication Resources in South Asia makes "visible" and within reach the hitherto "invisible" pool of South Asia experts who could contribute their expertise and experience in communication research, planning, strategy development, training, creative design, message and materials development, participatory communication processes, monitoring, evaluation and documentation of communication initiatives. This Directory has been designed not only for UNICEF. It is intended for anyone who is in need of people who specialize in the various uses of communication for behaviour change and development. Other UN agencies, government partners and national and international NGOs would also find this directory useful. Likewise, other research, training and academic institutions could tap on this dynamic resource of experts, consultants, trainers and their institutional facilities for their many-faceted communication requirements. Since this is a "living" directory, we encourage you to contact UNICEF ROSA to add updated information on the present entries and to suggest names of other specialists and institutions not yet included here. This first volume covers five South Asia countries - Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Future volumes will cover the other countries. ROSA will share updated electronic versions of this Directory periodically through email, CDROM as well as through the UNICEF website.
Cecilia Lotse Regional Director UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia
Acknowledgments
We would like to extend our sincere thanks and admiration to the many people who gave of their precious time and energies to arrange for the interviews described here and to accompany the researchers. We thank all the UNICEF country (and state) representatives in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka for agreeing that this activity would be useful to the country programming process. But the primary group of people who made it happen are the programme communication officers of each country and state office (in India) who sifted through their experiences and contacts in programme communication work. From their lists, they selected those whom they felt would make the most difference in programmes affecting women and children. The early advice of Professor Arvind Singhal, Presidential Research Scholar and Professor at the School of Interpersonal Communication, Ohio University, USA was instrumental in introducing the project to institutions in India that otherwise might have gone unreported. There are other people, too, who have been of inestimable help. In Nepal, Kunda Dixit of the Himal Times and of PANOS, was instrumental in painting a comprehensive picture of communication training in South Asia based on his vast experience. Nor can we fail to thank Gokul P. Kharel, Secretary General, Nepal Press Institute also Nepal Country Representative for the Asia Media Information Centre. Rabi Sharma of Radio Nepal painted the historical overview of the early electronic media in South Asia. We are equally grateful to Dr. Karuna Onta of the Academy for Educational Development for her insights and, particularly, for her help with revising the basic questionnaire. Srijana Sharma, Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Officer of Save the Children Fund - US was perceptive in her comments on training people in the process of planning and implementing BCC activities at field level. In Sri Lanka, we thank Sandya Salgado, Director and CEO of Ogilvy Outreach for explaining the complexities of the marketing and advertising situation there. Two people have been extremely helpful in giving a general picture of the work in their field. The first is Jocelyn Lobo of the Faculty of the School of Social Work in Mangalore. His views on communication in general provided much insight. Equally insightful in the field of agricultural communication was the discussion with Dr. P. Muthiah Manoharan of the Communication Center, Directorate of Extension Education at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore, India. The generous support provided by the Government of Japan in the data gathering process, and in the development and printing of this directory is greatfully acknowledge.
11
Introduction
This Directory represents another stage in a continuing effort of the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia to enhance and strengthen the capacity of country programmes to develop strategic communication components of programmes in maternal and child health and nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, basic education, child protection and HIV/AIDS. The goal is to influence positive behaviours among children, families and communities that would lead to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and the key results for children as defined in UNICEF's Medium Term Strategic Priorities for 2006-2009. The effort to develop directories of communication resourse in UNICEF began in 2002 in East Africa where UNICEF country offices realised the need to strengthen the capacity of staff and partners in advocacy, social mobilization and behaviour change communication. In the HIV/AIDS programme for example, they needed to urgently address the fear of stigma and discrimination. They also needed to strengthen social norms for family and community support for PMTCT services, for the infected and affected, for male involvement in PMTCT, and for healthy practices that prevent transmission. It was also evident that interpersonal communication skills among health workers and training in counseling needed strengthening. The planners felt this support was an area where UNICEF could make a tremendous contribution. They also wanted to support the monitoring and evaluation of communication processes, to show the reach of communication activities among intended audiences and the results of behaviour change on immunization coverage and reduced infant and child mortality. Subsequently, a survey was made in Anglophone African countries to identify which persons and institutions could serve as trainers and consultants in this effort. In 2003 a similar survey was made in South East Asia, upon the request of UNICEF New York, to identify Anglophone institutions that could train UNICEF staff and partners on the same communication processes but across a wider category of interventions. Based on the results of the two previous surveys described above, the Regional Office for South Asia felt that programming capacity in all facets of communication would be further strengthened by sharing the rich knowledge of South Asia's history of innovativeness and the depth of its development communication experience. Thus, the scope of the 2005 survey in South Asia was broadened with the following objectives: 1. To identify and describe institutions and people, initially in five South Asia countries that can or already provide: Anglophone training on development/programme communication/ strategic communication for behaviour development and change Short, intermediate and/or long term training for programme communicators; 2. To define a strategy for UNICEF to support programme communication capacity building in the region. 13
Five countries, known to be disaster-prone, are covered by the survey - Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Results of the survey will be used immediately to benefit affected families in the post-tsunami transition in the three tsunami-hit South Asia countries - Sri Lanka, India and Maldives and in the post-earthquake transition in the worst-hit affected areas of northern Pakistan. This directory will also benefit South Asia for programme communication preparedness and response to avian influenza and pandemic influenza. The descriptive directory that has been produced from this survey serves as a "living document", a dynamic source of experts/resource persons/consultants from South Asia which will be constantly updated and shared with all participating institutions and others as well as with all UNICEF offices in the region. This is designed for immediate use by UNICEF in updating and improving their respective Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans (EPRP) to enable more proactive behaviour change/programme communication preparedness as well as response. This is because it was observed that in pre-tsunami EPRPs, the section on programme communication for affected families was found to be weak or missing. The Directory is organised by country. Each institution or group is described through a writeup describing the institution's or person's history, its primary activities, previous relationship to UNICEF, if any, and possible suggestions for future collaboration. Where possible pictures of people interviewed are included and, where possible, a picture of the physical premise. Contact details are included. The accompanying CDROM includes the complete training and consulting capabilities and a detailed listing of names and addresses of all staff and their areas of expertise. A series of tables is appended which provides groupings (1) by intervention and (2) by country. Many aspects of this Directory evolved during the course of the interviews. For example, it became obvious that the survey was discovering a far broader definition of "programme" or "strategic" communication than the original objectives implied. The richness of programmes that are described in the following pages encompasses not only training on the part of some institutions, but participatory community learning and involvement in a wide variety of interventions: From conflict transformation, To working for social justice; To micro-credit activities; To using satellite imaging; To enhancing agricultural productivity for family and child nutrition; To improving community level health worker effectiveness through the use of personal digital assistants or hand-held computers; To the use of "street" and "rural" theatre to model behaviours for the prevention of HIV/AIDS as well as prevention of domestic violence; To the use of community radio for reforestation (which has implications for child nutrition); To tapping university students in disaster relief (specifically tsunami-related relief); To the use of well-planned and well tested "edutainment" activities in all media; And the use of Participatory Learning in Action (PLA) and its predecessor, Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA). 14
Interestingly, many institutions expressed interest in the work of other institutions that had been interviewed and the interview sessions became one of experience sharing within countries themselves as well as with neighbouring countries. Thus, dialogues and linkages have been established within and among the countries covered in this directory for future inter-institutional collaboration in communication research, training, strategic communication planning, monitoring and evaluation and message and materials development. This Directory has become a record of possibilities - the imaginative programming activities that are possible in all countries involved: "If they can do it, we can do it." For some readers the many activities may not be immediately applicable. That doesn't matter. The authors hope that the content of this Directory will challenge all programmes and country offices to find imaginative ways to expand their own strategic communication programming processes and content.
15
BANGLADESH
Name of Institution and People Responsible Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP) Mohammad Shahjahan, Director & CEO Ms. Yasmin Khan, Senior Deputy Director Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication Nayeemul Islam Khan, President Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG) Obaidur Rahman, Chief Executive Joyanta Roy, Chief of Operations Belal Uddin, Head: Training and Communications Communica Anish Barua, Executive Director Mourie Nishad, Deputy Coordinator, Programme Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD) Sultan Muhammad Razzak, Executive Director Mass Communication and Journalism Department University of Dhaka M. Golam Rahman, Professor and Chairman National Institute of Mass Communication M. Hamid, Director Shaikh A. Saleque, Chief News Editor, BTV Protikriti Communications Abdullah Zafar, Team Leader Steps (Towards Development) Ranjan Karmaker, Director Mohammad Abdul Khair, Associate Programme Officer Sadia Samad, Associate Programme Officer Training and Technology Transfer (TTT) Dr. Mohammad Anwar Javed, Regional Director Mr. Mirza Tariq Beg, Programme Manager Ms. Nova Shams, Programme Manager Page 19
22 24
26
28 30
32
34 36
38
Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP)

Contact Data
Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP)
Mohammad Shahjahan, Director & CEO Ms Yasmin Khan, Senior Deputy Director
House 3A, Road 74 Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212 P.O. Box 6046, Bangladesh Tel: (880-2)9891354; 9893362; 9861595 Fax: (880-2) 8854512 E-mail: info@bangladesh-ccp.org mshahjahan@info@bangladesh-ccp.org Website: www.bangladesh-ccp.org
Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Of greatest direct benefit to programming would be the two international workshops which BCCP runs annually: one on message development to which participants bring their own baseline data to do accurate audience analyses and the other 'Advances' in Family Health and Social Communication (for a wide range of health professionals). It is through these kinds of workshops that programme partners can learn the process of developing communication inputs. Having learned these, the outputs which these few paragraphs describe below will come naturally as part of the programme framework. The Centre has also done training for their sister organisation in Nepal. Yasmin Khan feels the use of indigenous community media enables the programmes they support to deviate from standard Western theory and develop approaches that are specific to
Bangladesh and the various groups they work with.
Brief History
BCCP was formed in 1996 as the successor to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs (JHU/CCP) in Bangladesh with the same mandate -- to design, manage, and implement large-scale communication programs for health and other development sectors. BCCP has a team of qualified professionals who offer a full range of technical expertise in program design, development, implementation, and monitoring of strategic communication projects. Historically, the Center had undertaken National Communication Strategies, BCCP senior professionals have long experience in developing national communication 19
strategies. While they were with JHU/CCP, they actively participated in developing the National FP-MCH IEC Strategy 1993-2000 - the first ever IEC strategy in the country -involving 41 key partners and the Government. The same experience carried into the development of the National Integrated BCC Strategy for Health and Population Sector and the National HIV/AIDS BCC Strategy. In terms of Mass Media, BCCP is skilled in designing, implementing and evaluating large scale mass media campaigns that include radio, television and print advertising thus optimizing the growing reach of the media in Bangladesh. BCCP has experience in developing Community-Based Programs by field-testing and replicating community mobilization approaches. '' Jiggasha Social Network Approach to Community Mobilization and Sustainability is an approach that involved the community in providing information and services in health. This has since been replicated in both rural and urban areas. The BCCP facilitates replication of communitybased programs by the Government and NGOs in urban and rural areas. BCCP utilizes innovative approaches such as Future Search Conference for effective community mobilization. In terms of the Enter-educate Approach, the BCCP applies JHU/CCPs ground breaking enter-educate approach to produce entertaining programs with educational messages about health. The BCCP, in collaboration with UNICEF, JHU/CCP and the Social Marketing Company, has also conducted three national media surveys.
Communication (BCC) makes use of an expanding mass media, new technologies, and new ideas in communication to influence health and social behaviour change. BCC is therefore particularly effective in reproductive health and total health care programs in the country, since these are areas where millions of people need to understand, approve, and actually use services. The role of BCC is thus crucial in: Creating Awareness Increasing Knowledge Building Approval Influencing Behavior
BCCP specializes in:

Developing comprehensive national BCC strategies Designing and implementing national media campaigns Conducting communication training programs and workshops Facilitating collaboration among public and private sector agencies and NGOs Leveraging resources to extend the reach of programs Conducting formative and evaluative research to facilitate programme development Advocating for effective and target-specific programs at all levels Managing programs, including contracts for private sector agencies Monitoring community-based programs
Current Activities
Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP) in partnership with Square Group launched an awareness campaign on HIV/AIDS, "Lets Talk about AIDS" at the Bangladesh-China Friendship Conference Centre on May 29, 2005. The overall objective of the campaign is to create an enabling environment among the general population so that the issue of HIV/AIDS can be discussed freely based on a correct understanding of what it is and how it impacts
Objectives and Organisational Structure

Communication is the key to improving family health in Bangladesh. Behaviour Change 20
on everyone. The theme, Janbo, Balbo, Rukhbo or Know AIDS, Talk AIDS and Prevent AIDS. was used in all materials with a special image created for the launch: Express 2005 Dhaka. Express 2005 was used to encourage people to express themselves about HIV/AIDS.
There are two bi-monthly publications:

SANGJOG" a newsletter by the Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs focusing on BCC activities and ARH Magazine about adolescent reproductive health. The latter is part of the ARH Skill Development Approach where BCCP coordinates an Adolescent Working Group to implement the National Adolescent Reproductive Health (ARH) BCC Strategy. The ARH program uses the mass media and mobilizes community participation through NGOs and adolescent groups. It also emphasizes interpersonal communication and counseling (IPC/C) with service providers to sensitize adolescents to ARH issues and teach them risk reduction life skills. The Focused Community
Assessment of Adolescent Reproductive Health Communication Programme Baseline Survey has been published as well this year. BCCP assists NGOs and the Government in the use of generic IPC/BCC curriculum and training videos to enhance providers skills. BCCP is developing materials to strengthen interpersonal communication and counseling (IPC/C) skills of NGO and government service providers. BCCP will continue to organize the annual international Advances in Family Health and Social Communication workshop, now in its 12th year. The workshop integrates theory and practice through the use of an interactive computer software called SCOPE (Strategic Communication Planning and Evaluation). BCCP will also continue to hold "Message Development Workshop" to cater to BCC needs of the Health, Nutrition and Population Sector and other similar programs.
Sources of Funding
Variable
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Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication

Contact Data
Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication
Nayeemul Islam Khan, President
53 Central Road (2nd Floor) Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh Tel: (88 02) 8620539 Cell: (88 0171) 522495 Fax: (88 02) 9670743 E-mail: bcdjc@citechco.net nikhan@bdcom.net Website: www.bcdjc.org
Nayeemul Islam Khan

Md. Nayeemul Islam Khan was interviewed in his twin capacities as Editor of the Daily Amader Shomoy and President of the Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication. His enthusiasm for all his work is infectious. He began by saying that the organisers of the Centre realised the need to increase the number of female journalists working in Bangladesh. Thus, they began the campaign to increase the number of female journalist, as is described below. Further, the Centre realised that unless journalists are sensitized to important issues, they cant write about them. So it began thematic sensitization with UNICEF funding. Part of this has been training journalists in rights orientations. One result has been a book about Childrens Rights and Journalism. 22
Particular of interest to UNICEF is the Centres experience in training rural journalists. This relates to the issue of good governance. There is a growing body of evidence that shows that when local people have been informed of government services (for example the amount of money for education being sent to rural areas) the people then demand that the money be used according to the stated purpose (and not diverted to other activities). UNICEF supported the training of the rural or semi-urban press in investigative reporting; the direct benefit goes to projects supporting women and children increases.
Brief History
The Centre was organised by journalists who had a vision: journalism with a purpose. Starting in 1991, they trained journalists in a topic nobody talked about investigative journalism. The Centre now monitors harassment of journalists and supports those journalists who are in trouble.
Seven years ago they did a study of women in journalism and found that there were very few women journalists. Thus, they began training women as journalists. Private Television stations have contributed greatly to enhancement of the role of women in news reporting. They have established links to several global media and development organisations and participate in joint projects. Training Modules were developed with clear objectives that would meet international standards. Previously training consisted of publishing a lecture schedule.
The Centre sponsors an awards ceremony for those journalists who make outstanding contribution to national reporting on governance. They are publishing a Director of Women in Journalism. It is also publishing COMMUNICA, which is the Bangladesh Journalism Review. The Centre also publishes a Media Watch two or three times a month which is a one page critique of recent news articles. There is now a movement to upgrade the standards of the press outside of Dhaka. Apart from training either centrally or locally - rural reporters will be attached to a Dhaka newspaper and then bring the skills back to their home paper. The Centre has published a book on how to investigate and report from rural settings. It is also interested in establishing and electronic data base on major issues for use both in urban and rural settings that all reporters can have access to. This data base would explain economic issues, the business environment both locally and nationally. It has begun as a pilot project in five districts. The Centre participated in the Global Media Monitoring Project with the World Association of Christian Communication.

(a) To sensitise journalists to key contemporary social development issues; (b) To train journalists how to write about these issues; (c) To train the rural press in reporting techniques, including investigative reporting. (d) To train in writing strategies, for example, to always work with concrete examples of the issues they are writing about.
Current Activities
The Centre works as part of its own global network. For example, it works with Aurut Foundation, a Pakistani group of female journalists, the South Asia Project of the Institute for Development Studies (in Sussex, U.K.), the Centre for Advocacy and Research in Delhi on the cross-boundary impact of television on gender, with the Cronkite School of Journalism at Arizona State University a three year project for 15 days training of Bangladeshi journalists in the United States.
Sources of Funding and Support

Funded by organisations that have the need to train journalists as allies in development issues, such as the Thompson Foundation, the Knight Foundation, UNICEF, DANIDA, World Association for Christian Communication, Southern Illinois University.
23
Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG)

Contact Data
Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG)
Obaidur Rahman, Chief Executive Joyanta Roy, Chief of Operations Belal Uddin, Head: Training and
Communications 6/1 Block B (Ground floor), Lalmatia Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh Tel: 815-5672; 913-1027 Cell: 0189 245 993 E-mail: cbsg@bdonline.com
Obaidur Rahman
Joyanta Roy
Belal Uddin

The CBSG works in three areas: (1) Organisation Development to Improve Performance, where they prefer to work with whole systems (entire organisations) through a behavioural approach to training, emphasizing Appreciative Inquiry (AI); (2) research studies; (3) Communication and Training facilitation, the latter which has been done with UNICEF. They also use the Future Search method (which was also earlier used by UNICEF in developing a country programme). Their research studies have a socio-economic emphasis and are used for capacity building. Most studies are related to specific programmes, such as the migration of tea workers where the tea workers did not want to change venues due to the fact that they had been living in particular area for generations, livelihood for the hard core poor 24
etc. They have also done work in the use of indigenous communication approaches.
Brief History
The Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG) was established by development professionals and academics from multi-disciplinary backgrounds who had had practical handson experience in strengthening the capacities of development programme teams in Bangladesh and overseas.

The mission of CBSG is to strengthen the capacities of individuals and institutions committed to reducing the suffering of poor and marginalized people. This is achieved by promoting value-based changes, developing methodological and professional capacities, fostering learning by individuals and organisations to be more effective and efficient
in achieving their goals and objectives. Through training, technical assistance, monitoring and follow-up support, CBSG strengthens organisations and individuals to further development impact. CBSGs approach is based upon the following principles: Organisation rather than project. Participatory, democratic and ownershipdriven. The needs are results of the uniqueness of the organisation. Transfer of expertise to internal facilitators. Balance in demand with supply. Walk along with partners. Long-term partnerships.
are related to specific programmes, such as the migration of tea workers. For the UNICEFsupported WES project indigenous communication practices were developed for message dissemination. But there are some indigenous instruments and songs/poems that cannot be used, such as the two stringed guitar (dotara) which people would not find suitable due to cultural and folk beliefs for WES activities for example. They compare the Future Search Conference and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) by stating that while both techniques construct a vision of the future based on past positive experiences; Future Search also discusses the reasons behind problems. The meaning being that the problem is everyones responsibility. For communication training workshops are used. Mobilisation campaigns are planned in a participatory way.
Current Activities
CBSG continues to train within organisations and projects. Whatever theories used are adapted and customized. Most research is ultimately aimed for capacity building. Studies
Sources of Funding
Fees charged to clients.
25
Communica
Contact Data
Communica
Anish Barua, Executive Director Mourie Nishad, Deputy Coordinator,
Programme House # 34/1 Road # 6 Dhanmondi Dhaka 1206 Bangladesh Tel: (880-2) 9677105 Fax: (880-2) 8152021 E-mail: communica@bdcom.net

Working with UNICEF and Rdda Barnen, a Child Rights Training Manual was developed which has been used not only in Bangladesh, but it Iran, Iraq and Jordan, as well. Communica has also used the Future Search Conference methodology in ECCD as well as Maternal and Child Health training. Coupled with Appreciative Inquiry (AI), they feel it is particularly effective for training people to deal with violence against women. AI is extremely helpful at an operational level, where it has been used to not train exactly but to orient employers of child labour to the needs of children. In the discussion on what methodologies work better adapted for the Bangladesh context: they have also worked with peer approaches, indigenous media and specifically for Bangladesh courtyard meetings. The greatest strength is the innovative methods that communica experiments with to achieve stated objectives. Their analytical assumptions may also not be mainstream enough for some country programme situations. The assertion, for example, that MCH is not a medical or health problem, but a social problem since the sustainable MCH 26
activities happen in the family with community support. The same may be said for domestic violence: it is not only a legal problem: it is a family one. There are many examples of this kind of thinking that break the mould; all would be useful for fresh and innovative programming approaches.
Brief History
Communica is a development communication service agency that was formally established in May 1992. It is a consortium of professionals with practical experience in social enquiry, economic analysis, programme planning, strategy formulation, training, media mobilisation, materials development, message dissemination, monitoring and evaluation.

Anish Barua and Mourie Nishad of Communica feel that development is not a product but a process and that development and communication are synonymous. Originally they worked only in behaviour change communication for the health sector
but have expanded into other fields, especially into management. The objectives of communica have been formulated as activities: To design, organise and conduct training courses To plan, organise and facilitate seminars and conferences To develop, produce and utilize media To design implement advocacy, social mobilisation and communication strategies To prepare and conduct special inquiries To extend technical assistance to all forms of development planning and implementation.
To pioneer and implement interactive approaches to learning and sharing.
Current Activities
They continue to play a role with a large number of agencies in Bangladesh both national and international agencies.
Sources of Funding
Fees charged for services.
27
Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD)

Contact Data
Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD)
Sultan Muhammad Razzak,
Executive Director 823/A, Khilgaon, Dhaka-1219, Bangladesh Tel: 880-2-7216270 Fax: 880-2-7215005 E-mail: anupam@bdmail.net Website: culturalforum.virtualactivism.net
Sultan Muhammad Razzak

The issue of the role of culture in development programmes and how to use culture is raised by Professor Sultan Muhammed Razzak of the Forum for Culture and Human Development. His views will stimulate questions (1) about creating media that uses actors to model recommended behaviours and (2) to the value of using local cultural groups to motivate and model behaviours a budget and people intensive activity. He is the spiritual brother of Khalid Dar of Lahore in his approaches of using local, indigenous arts forms to communicate with local people and all the groups that appear in this Directory which use street theatre, other forms of drama and art (See pg. 135136) to bring about development objectives. His range of drama is large, including now concentrating on HIV/AIDS. However, he doesnt share the view that communication is "like paracetemol -one exposure and behaviours are changed. 28
He is especially doubtful of the benefit of television (and radio) spots using actors pretending to be (dressed like, speaking like) participant groups. He states that rural people see through this and know these are people just acting poor. That is why it is better that time is taken to train local groups to present issues, etc. Local people will know how to discuss even the most controversial topics using indirect language and metaphors, etc.
Brief History
Prof. Razzak became a development dramatist in 1987 after one of his friends was stabbed by a political rival. He wanted to demonstrate that, despite differences, we are friends, brothers, responsible to each other. Using the talents of local village groups performing their own theatre about EPI in 1988, combined with the help of local communication networks (IPC), acceptance levels raised from 14% to 80%. The Forum itself was officially formed on 25 February 2004, although Prof. Razzak had been working in indigenous forms for social
development much earlier than that also known as target groups.

The Forum for Culture and Human Development is a networking organisation for promoting culture, humanity and development in Bangladesh. It supports technically more than two hundred organisations which act and protect the cultural diversity of the country. FCHD aims for a healthy, educated, culturally enlightened future generation living in improved social and economical conditions, violence free, gender balanced and that live in a developed Bangladesh where people enjoy their fundamental rights with happiness.
there are 12 distinct dialects may have its own unique communication system. He is working on dramas about HIV/AIDS using traditional songs and in all local languages, using local community cultural organisations instead of external NGOs. For the HIV/AIDS work he is studying alternative language patterns: the subtle ways people refer to sex, for example, or in terms of gender the full meanings of phrases such as when a woman uses the phrase old man referring to her husband, its meaning carries the weight of a violent husband who beats and breaks her arms. His experience is that a drama has to be performed three times in order for the meaning to be understood. People dont have time after the performance to sit around and discuss, so three showings are able to convey the meaning. This is a process of sowing seeds and nourishing of information at the intellectual level of viewers. The Forum also produces Volunteer and Krishtikatha two monthly electronic news letters.
Current Activities
Prof. Razzak feels that information is the great weapon; whoever can use informationthey are empowered. Communities have their own channels of information. Following the 1998 EPI experience, the same approach has been used with tribal communities adding the use of tribal games and local communication networks. He is studying indigenous communication systems since each community - among the population of 3,600 people he is working with
Sources of Funding
Funding is requested from international organisations, NGOs and the specific projects that request The Forums services.
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Mass Communication and Journalism Department

University of Dhaka
Contact Data
Mass Communication and Journalism Department
University of Dhaka M. Golam Rahman, Professor and Chairman
Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Tel: (880-2) 966 190059 Ext. 4403 Fax: (880-2) 8615583 E-mail: golamr@bttb.net.bd golamr07@hotmail.com Website: www.univdhaka.edu/ department/index.php?bodyid=MCJ

M. Golam Rahman is Professor and Chairman of the Mass Communication and Journalism Department of University of Dhaka. Most journalists dont know how to work in the areas of Health, Human Rights, HIV/AIDS and womens issues. NGOs mainly provide the training in these areas. Training for the rural press is largely neglected. They arent even listed as media by the government. There are more than 900 newspapers throughout the country of which 200 are dailies. It is very difficult for them to survive economically because government advertising is very important for the presss survival in general and particularly for the rural press. Students do internships for more than two months with news organisations, NGO, mass media, commercial organisations. Getting employment is not a problem. 30
Brief History
The Department of Mass Communication and Journalism in Dhaka University has been playing pioneer role in promoting media education of this country since its inception in 1962. The Department started with a postgraduate Diploma course and later introduced Master course (MA) of two years. The diploma course was abolished with the inception of BA (later BSS) course. Now the Department is offering four-year Bachelor course (BSS) and one year master course (MSS) for them who completed BSS. There are Ph.D. research facilities in the Department and a few students are carrying out their research programs under the supervision of department faculties. Every year around 75 students take admission in the first year course and there are about 350 students are pursuing studies in undergraduate and post-graduate programs in the Department. A variety of courses emphasizing both print and electronic media are being offered in undergraduate (BSS) and postgraduate levels.
They are: Concepts of Journalism, Concepts of Communication, Reporting, Editing, Feature writing, Mass Communication theories, Communication and society, Development communication, Media economics and management, Health and population communication, Electronic Journalism, Video Communication, Advertising and Copy writing, Public Relations, Communication policy and planning, Television theories and contents, Film studies, Economic reporting, Communication research methodology, Photojournalism, Contemporary affairs, Gender communication, Advanced reporting, Advanced editing and page make-up, etc. A media centre equipped with video cameras, editing panels, computers and a photo lab with camera and other equipments are facilitated for students for different courses. To make the journalism and communication education more resourceful and effective the media centre and other facilities could be expanded to a production oriented media centre in the service of the nation. After the completion of courses many of the graduates of the department join national media stations like TV channels, newspaper houses, news agencies, public relations jobs, and civil
services. Their contributions in the media fields are well-recognised. More over this situation can be extended and utilized in extensive way with a little expansion of the media centre with the assistance of technological advancement and trained teachers in the department.

There are 20 full time and 15 part time faculty teaching. Their Media Center is equipped with 70 desktops from which students learn desktop publishing, 8 video cameras plus a photo lab and a video lab.
Current Activities
Danida funded the expansion of Media Centre, the media lab of the department. Prof. Golam Rahman initiated and proposed a PG Diploma course to be started on Civic Journalism at the Rajshahi University.
Sources of Funding
Government Budget and nominal fees
31
National Institute of Mass Communication

Contact Data
National Institute of Mass Communication
M. Hamid, Director Shaikh A. Saleque,
Chief News Editor, BTV 125/A, Darus-Salaam, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216 Tel: (8802) 9005579, 9007410-4 Fax: (8802) 9005580 E-mail: nimco@bangla.net Website: www.moi-gob.org/nimc.htm
M. Hamid
Shaikh A. Saleque

M. Hamid and Shaikh A. Saleque of the National Institute of Mass Communication, (NIMC) in addition to their usual work in training journalists, broadcasters, etc., in improving skills, have also undertaken training in UNICEF programmatic areas such as advocacy, WES, CRC and CEDAW. With UNICEF as partner, the NIMC is one of the implementing agencies of the National Project entitled Advocacy and Communication for Children and Women. The central objective of the project is to bring behavioural changes in the mindset of the people by influencing their attitude towards women and children. Under this project alone, NIMC has organized 69 training workshops and trained a total of 1469 mass media workers including 372 female trainers. They would be especially interested to know more about crisis communication and are willing to work with UNICEF in this field. 32
Brief History
The NIMC is a government organisation mandated to train broadcasters (public, private and freelance) film makers and mass media workers. It started in 1980 as the National Broadcasting Academy and as a project of the government in cooperation with UNDP, UNESCO and the International Telecommunications Union. In 1983 it became the National Institute of Mass Communication. The NIMC is a department of the Ministry of Information.

The objectives of the NIMC are two-fold (a) to improve productivity of mass media workers and (b) to develop and promote broadcasting services. They teach theory but use for participatory methods for practical training. There is a staff of 117 of which 17 are responsible for planning and executing training.
Current Activities
At present NIMC is running its activities in the newly constructed two three storied buildings at Darus-salam, Mirpur, Dhaka. This new complex houses a professional Television studio and multi-channel radio studio, film production training facilities and a dormitory for trainees. Recently an extension project has been completed with the setting up of a Modern Conference Room, a mini Auditorium with Radio Control Room, and extended Office Rooms and training facilities. The completion of this project has enhanced the training facilities to a great extent. A plan is also under way for the establishment of the South Asian Information Center SAIC under the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC. Another Development Programme on Institutional Development of NIMC has also been submitted under the Governments Three Ye a r R o l l i n g P r o g r a m m e ( T Y R P ) . There is a continuing collaboration with UNICEF under two projects: the Advocacy and Communication or Women and Children Project and with the Water and Sanitation
Section covering hygiene and sanitation. These issues are also highlighted in the Facts for Life with Field Practice Course. Also on offer is a course titled CRC, CEDAW and Meena. UNICEF is also sponsoring a course on Computer Graphics and Classical Animation. There is a large range of other courses available as well. In 2005 they hosted training in Journalism under Conflict Settings conducted by Professor Drew O. McDaniel of Ohio University. Originally the training was scheduled to be Peace Journalism but it was felt, given the present nature of the region talking about journalism during conflict situations would be more appropriate. They feel evaluation of their training is not strong and would welcome help in looking at ways to evaluate their own training programmes. They sometimes visit trainees in the work place to monitor them, but they feel it is not a systematic way to do it.
Sources of Funding
Funding comes from government budget and from special project charges. It works with AIBD, UNESCO, UNICEF, IPDC, IDRC, JICA, and the CBA.
33
Protikriti Communications
Contact Data
Protikriti Communications
Abdullah Zafar, Team Leader
6/4 Sir Syed Road (Ground Floor) Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh Phone: 8150252, 9145604 E-mail: proticom@dhaka.net azafar@dhaka.net
Abdullah Zafar

Protikriti undertake Management Training and "Human" Communication training. In both fields they feel the behaviour change - social change process is a participatory one. The IPC (interpersonal communication) training is both verbal and non-verbal. In their training of facilitators they emphasize that facilitators have no role in participants' decision making other to establish conditions under which participants are able to make their own decisions in their own time. Protikriti uses "open space" facilitation, Appreciative Inquiry (AI) and the Future Search Conference approach.
Protikriti offers professional services through four independent units: Management Development Social Communication Event Management Research In Management Development the three areas of service offered are Planning by using the Technology of Participation (TOP) methodology - as well as others. Training for building professional excellence starting with Training Needs Assessment (TNA) by using Competency Based Approach. Workshop Facilitation by tailoring workshops though a needs assessment of potential clients. Training by using TOP, VIPP and APM methodologies. Social Communication follows the process of planning a set of strategic communication activities through careful planning based on research Event Management encompasses taking responsibility for: a. Press meetings on social issues b. Workshops & Seminars on human development c. Exhibitions

Protikriti advocates effective use of available and indigenous means of human communication for learning, educating and informing Bangladeshi citizens' in order to protect the right of 'informed choice' for having right services, products, concepts, knowledge and skills. Protikriti states that 'informed choice' is a new concept in Bangladesh which is seldom addressed. Protikriti's vision is to ensure free flow of knowledge and information for all citizens of Bangladesh. 34
d. Organisation of mass rallies and social gatherings Research involves both qualitative and quantitative research, which includes social research and market research.
Current Activities
Protikriti Communications continues to work with a large slate of clients, in addition to the current ones listed below. Each client offered a range of participatory and creative activities designed to lead all participants to come up with specific solutions to their own challenges. An example would be the interview session that this writer experienced with Abdullah Zafar, the team leader of Protikriti
Communications. He practices what he preaches. He began by explaining his work in rather theoretical concepts. When I didn't understand he would create a workshop situation between the two of us and demonstrate the concept through a participatory exercise.
Sources of Funding
UNICEF Bangladesh (Health & Education Section), GNAEP- DANIDA, Department of Non-Formal Education (DNFP), Action Aid Bangladesh, IJSG (former IJO), CDL, BITA, PRIP Trust, CDL, Shishu Adhikar Forum, AV Graph, Machranga productions, the APEX Group of Industries, BITOPI Advertising Ltd. a n d t h e N G O R C B P r o j e c t - N e pa l .
35
Steps (Towards Development)

Contact Data
Steps (Towards Development)
Ranjan Karmaker, Director Mohammad Abdul Khair,
Associate Programme Officer
Sadia Samad, Associate Programme Officer

Steps Towards Development 3/4, Block- D, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Phone: 9118167, 8113275 Fax : 880-2-9125681 E-mail : info@stepsbd.org Website: www.stepsbd.org
M. Abdul Khair
Sadia Samad Ranjan Karmaker

What is unique about Steps is that it does not hesitate to play one of the most important media functions (and one which most United Nations Agencies shy away from): that of raising controversial issues that "polite" society likes to avoid. Once raised, these issues stimulate discussion within various levels of society; positive or negative - it doesn't matter as long as people are discussing it. For this, the development community in Bangladesh should be grateful. Steps has evolved to become an organisation working community levels whose strength is in networking and stimulating discussions about major issues: violence against women, health, education, local governance, early marriage, entrepreneurship with a wide range of media (films and publications) and community based organisations.
Steps continues to develop as an equitable, action and outcome oriented organization that is strategic, coordinated, sustainable and evidence-based. St e ps n e t w o r k s w i t h l i k e m i n d e d organizations, civil society groups and social activists at local and national level. To achieve its vision Steps is developing collective platforms, Gender Change Activists (GCAs) as social actors and Local Trainers Group (LTG) all over the country. Currently Steps is working with 12 networks (local collective platform) comprises of 124 local organizations. With the support of these organizations Steps has already developed learning collaborations at 170 pilot areas between civil society and service providers.

Steps wants to develop learning collaboration between civil society and service providers at all levels to promote gender equality, human rights and good governance and create example at local and national level. Current objectives are Increase women's participation in decision making and governance. Promotion and protections of women's human rights.
Brief History
Steps Towards Development (Steps) is a nongovernmental organization established in 1993, working with different networks of local organizations to enhance social activism for promoting gender equality, human rights and good governance. 36
Increase responsiveness of urban and rural governance. Increase gender sensitive development organisations. To continue to develop as an equitable, action and outcome-oriented organisation that is strategic, coordinated, sustainable and evidence-based. They have 14 teams of 219 facilitators (Local Trainer's Groups) conducting cascading training for 8,365 "social actors" each of whom is responsible for from 2 - 4 groups of ten families each. They also conduct baseline surveys using PRA approaches and visual methods. They work in 18 districts, 64 upsalas and 250 unions and wards.
Developing a common platform with a common vision at the local level to establish learning collaboration among/between GO, NGO and civil society Strengthening institutional capacity of local networks Strengthening local collective initiatives to see the changes in gender relations at organizational level as well as at community level Advocacy and Research: The Advocacy and research component contributes field level experience for policy formulation, reform and implementation. Social research Policy research and advocacy Learning and experience sharing Monitoring and evaluation Audio-Visual Center: The Audio-Visual Center for development and artistic expression is working to enhance people's awareness of social justice and an equitable society through audio-visual media. With the motto - Video for development and artistic expression, the center produces different kinds of audio-visual materials and disseminates those to community and national level. Services Available Video film making Shooting, editing and copying Still photography Video projection Audio-visual training Center for Development Training (CDT): The Center for Development Training (CDT) wants to develop more effective and sustainable collective mechanism and groups of facilitators for transferring skills and knowledge among organizations, institutions and community people.
Current Activities
There are six major components of activities which Steps sponsors, organises and facilitates. These are Gender Development and Communication Center: The GDCC is responsible for development of different need based print materials (journal, book, booklet, poster, leaflet, wall magazine etc.) for education, awareness, training and advocacy for all levels) addressing these different levels with special focus on gender issues. This is part of the Development Communication activities. Gender Development and Resource Center: The GDRC collects, compiles and disseminates relevant development information to and from local, national and international levels in order to ensure effective information flow in development sectors. Collection, documentation and storage of information & materials and user-friendly dissemination of issue-based development information are an important dimension to the Center's work. Development Workers Initiatives through Networking: The DWIN Component operates as the co-ordination hub of Steps' activities with its partners, facilitators and local support groups aiming to build their capacity to make a long-term contribution to change the gender landscape in Bangladesh. Specifically, these activities include:
Sources of Funding
Profits are earned from training and consultancies. The use of these profits also goes to do research work.
37
Training and Technology Transfer (TTT)

Contact Data
Training and Technology Transfer (TTT)
Regional Director
Dr. Mohammad Anwar Javed, Mr. Mirza Tariq Beg,
Programme Manager
Ms. Nova Shams, Programme Manager

House 59 (New), Road # 12A (New) Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka 1209, Dhaka, Bangladesh Tel: (88-02) 9121006, 9141672, 9116308, 9134192, 9134194 Fax: (88-02) 9121005, 914671 E-mail: ttth@bol-online.com, drjaved@bangla.net See below for the New Zealand contact address
Mohammad Anwar Javed
Nova Shams
Mirza Tariq Beg

The Training and Technology Transfer (TTT) is an international company based in New Zealand. Dr. Mohammad Anwar Javed represents the Bangladesh Country Office of TTT. They are a training organisation with a huge library of baseline data needs assessments they have undertaken to tailor each course to meet the needs of the trainees. They have a long list of organisations for which they have trained, from Thana level groups to senior most government officials. They have a long-term agreement with UNICEF and although TTT has undertaken training in every sector UNICEF works in; they have expanded their clientele in these 38
sector beyond UNICEF. This office has conducted training programmes in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. They have a huge resource base of both resource people and data, as well as their own very well staffed and well equipped training facility in Bangladesh. However, they also work in the field - as demonstrated by their range of Thana and Upazilla-level activities. They are a global organisation that works all over the world, as well.
Brief History
Training and Technology Transfer (TTT) is a New Zealand based international training management organisation. It was established in 1989. TTT has a network of offices and
permanent representatives covering most of Asia, the Pacific Region, Europe and North America. TTT is registered also in Bangladesh, Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, Indonesia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, because the primary client base of World Bank and Asian Development Bank financed projects.

It is difficult for such a large organisation to make specific objectives that can apply to such a large variety of programmes that it undertakes. But it may be possible to assume some objectives form the approaches that TTT advocates in its training. These would be: 1. To provide One-Stop Management: from pre-training planning needs assessment to post training impact benefits studies. 2. To serve Multi-Country Destinations: Able to organise programmes in almost all countries. 3. To be Cost Effective: with existing infrastructures in most targetted countries, costs are marginal. 4. To provide Multi-Choice Training Types: these would be short or long term tailor made programmes; on-the-job or formal courses. 5. To provide Special Experiences with NonEnglish Speaking Fellows: provision of interpreters, translated documents, provision of intensive language courses, translated learning resources. TTT operates from its headquarters in Wellington, under a Board of Advisors which consult to the Head office. The Head Office
has three sections: international cooperation, research and development and quality assurance. Its Regional Offices are responsible mainly for programme development and training, logistics and support services. TTT Country Offices and the TTT Representatives are responsible for training, reporting and evaluation, financial management and institutional linkages.
Current Activities
For UNICEF, TTT is hosting the training on script writing and animation of Meena as part of the Child Protection activities. It is also conducting training on Interactive Popular Theatre for the Child Development and Education Section. There are many other international activities being undertaken throughout the world. The training programme for strategic communication (available on the questionnaire) is particularly strong.
Sources of Funding
TTT is a "client-based" funded organisation which has received funding from Work Bank Loan Projects, Asian Development Bank Loan Projects, Direct (Bangladesh) Funded Projects, Bi-lateral Grant Funded Projects (NORAD, DANIDA, DFID, etc.), Multi-lateral sources (UNICEF, for example), and Managed Funds Disbursements (NZAID). New Zealand Contact information:
DB Tower, Level 9 111 The Terrace P. O. Box 10-488 Wellington, New Zealand Tel: (64-4) 4995845 Fax: (64-4) 44999593 E-mail: ttt@xtra.co.nz
39
INDIA
Location State & City Name of Institution and People Responsible Page Andra Pradesh, Hyderabad Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA) 45 Dr. Syzed Mazher Hussain, Director Ali Asghar, Executive Secretary CMC Ltd. 49 Chinta Prakash, General Manager Michael Peria, Media Specialist, Multi Media C. Mani Mehalai, Manager - Education & Training Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW) 52 Department of Communication Dr. A. Saibaba, Professor, Department. of Communication Dr. G.V. Ramana Rao, M.D. Professor, Department of Eqidemiology Union Territory of Delhi, New Delhi Centre for Media and Alternative Communication (CMAC) 54 Parthiv Shah, Director Centre for Media Studies (CMS) 57 Research House Dr. N. Bhaskar Rao, Chairman Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) 61 Prof B. P. Sanjay, Director A J Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre 63 Jamia Millia Islamia University Iftekhar Ahmed, Director Gujarat, Ahmedabad Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus 65 Dr. Malti Mehta, Co-ordinator Mudra Institute of Communications (MICA) 67 Arbind Sinha, Ph.D. - Professor Prof. Simon Fernandes, Course Director Alan DSouza, Member, Governing Council National Institute of Design 70 Sudarshan Khanna, Head, Toy Centre Chair, Research & Publications Pradyumna Vyas, Principal Designer, Faculty of Industrial Design D P Bhattacharaya, Co-ordinator, Research and Publications Karnataka, Bangalore SAMUHA 72 Mr. T. Pradeep, Director and Secretary Rajasthan, Jaipur Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan 75 Nihal Chand Goel, Director Rajendra Kumar Sharma, Dy. Director Dr. Anita, Professor
Location State & City
Name of Institution and People Responsible Page Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR) 78 Neeraj Rajbanshi, Associate Professor Barun Kanjilal, Professor Dhirendra Kumar, Associate Professor Prof. R.S. Goyal, Ph.D. Population and Development Education State Resource Centre Rajasthan Adult Education Association Satya Deo Barath, Coordinator 81
Udaipur Rajasthan State Institute of Educational Research & Training (SIERT) Dr. Sharad Chandra Purohit, Director Tamil Nadu, Chennai AIDS Prevention and Control Project, 85 VHS Chennai (APAC) Dr. P. Krishnamurthy, Project Director Dr. T. Ilan Chezhian, Senior Programme Manager Communication Bala Mandir Research Foundation A Network for Information on Parenting (NIP) Maya Gaitonde, Secretariat NIP Educational Multi Media Research Centre Anna University Dr. R. Sreedher, Director Neeraja Prabakar, Programme Executive, All India Radio Nalamdhana Ms. Nithya Balaji, Executive Trustee M. R. Jeevanandham, Project Director 88 91 83
93
Peoples Union for Civil Liberties 96 Organisational Development & Excellence Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Dr. V. Suresh, (Advocate), General Secretary Song and Drama Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Dr. Vijayaraghavan, Regional Deputy Director State Resource Center Ministry of Human Resource Development Dr. R. Rajan, Director Dr. V. Harikumar, Asst. Programme Coordinator Dr. L. Gabriel Stephan, Head & Prog. Co-ordinator, 97 99
Dept. of Continuing Education Dr. K. Devaraj, Programme Co-ordinator and Head, Dept. of Population and Development Education Mrs. V. Anbupriyavathani, Asso. Co-ordinator, Population and Development Education Dr. V. Anandamoorthy, Programme Co-ordinator Material and Media Dept.
Location State & City
Name of Institution and People Responsible Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association Mrs. J.P. Saulina Arnold, Executive Director Avinashlingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan Institute of Peoples Education Mr. V. Balasubramaniyan, Director N. Gajalakshmi, Programme Officer Mrs. Suriyakala, Programme Officer Avinashlingam University Dr. (Tmt) K. Thangamani, Shanti Ashram Dr. Kezevino Aram, Director Dr. S.R.Subramanian Mr. S. Pannerselvam
Page 102
Coimbatore 105
108
Professor & Dept Head Home Science Extension Education Dr. K.C. Leelavathy, Professor Home Science Extension Education
110
Diwidigul Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute 113 Mr. B. Arunachalam, Deputy Register Dr. K. Chellappan, Dir. Dept. of Adult Continuing Dr. R. Solonraman, Project Officer, Dept. of Adult Dr. M. P. Boraian, Reader Dr. M. Kuruvammal, Prof. of Tamil; Head Dept of Tamil Dr. K.S. Pushpa, Reader in Home Science Dr. N.D. Narsi, Reader and Head Dept. of Rural Mr. T. Sivasuleramanian, Building Technican Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust 116 Dr. Lalitha Kabilan, Director K. Ilango Samual Peter, Senior Technical Officer World Bank-Assisted Integrated 119 Child Development Services Communication and Training Center Dr. S. Muthiah, Joint Co-ordinator (Communication) Madurai Mass Action for Social Welfare Resource and Training Center Mr. S. Ayyankulai, Director 122
Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA)

Contact Data
Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA)
Dr. Syed Mazher Hussain, Director Ali Asghar, Executive Secretary
20 - 4 - 10, Near Bus Stand, Charminar, Hyderabad - 500 002 Phone: 040 - 24572984 /24567087 Fax: 040 - 2457 4527 Mobile No.: 09395555504 E-mail: aliasghar123in@yahoo.com cova@sancharnet.in, mazherhussain11@rediffmail.com, Website: www.covanetwork.org
Dr. Syed Mazher Hussain
Ali Asghar

What UNICEF can learn from the activities of COVA is that traditional human kindness and good sense can be the most nontraditional positive programming approach that works: that it is possible to bring communities in conflict together through (a) eliminating [or anticipating] rumours from the very start is essential; (b) joint activities; (c) ground rules that are fair; (d) learning that alleviated tension and conflict is in the best interests of everyone; (e) education, literacy and well organised micro-credit activities may be the key to transformation of conflicts among disenfranchised groups. COVA has developed partially through experimentation, partially drawing upon examples of best practices from elsewhere a range of activities which could be applicable in generic ways to many other settings.
COVA was established in 1994 with 8 community based organizations operating in the old city of Hyderabad. Presently, COVA group is comprised of 15 networks, 7 organisations, and 1 trust having Community Based Organisations (CBOs), Voluntary Organisations (VOs) and institutions as members. It became a registered society in 1995. Below we mention that COVAs programmes have been developed partly through design (best practices from elsewhere) and partly through experimentation or simply responding to events as they occur.

COVA (Confederation of Voluntary Associations) is committed to promoting communal harmony, peace and social justice through sensitization of all sections of society and empowerment of the marginalized and poor. COVA membership is now Muslims 49% and Non Muslims 51%; males comprising 39% and females 61%. This is partly by design, partly through the voluntary memberships and participation in the programmes. 45
Brief History
This will not be brief because the historic events are essential to understanding the nature of COVAs work.
One rule is that any Muslim organisation has to open at least 15% of its memberships to other religions or sects, this is membership by design. Many of the activities have more female participants perhaps because these activities are designed to enhance participants abilities to take responsibility. In many societies, girls are more socialized to take responsibility than boys are. In the case of micro-credit projects, for example, COVA relates that it wasnt until boys and young men noticed that all of a sudden girls/young women had spending money, that the former started joining. One formative experience happened during February - March 2002 and is now called The Human Chain. It was decided to initiate peace groups in all sensitive localities with the help of COVA volunteers and facilitated by different NGOs and concerned citizens by motivating people to maintain peace in their localities along with the police. At the International Women's Day programme on 8th March 2002, women volunteers of COVA took a pledge to maintain peace in their localities and to stop violence at all cost. On 15th of March 2002 there was fear that violence might break out in response to the events unfolding at Ayodhya. About 50 women volunteers from disadvantaged backgrounds quietly assembled at COVA and proceeded to the grand mosque determined to prevent violence. After the Friday prayers, while the crowd was quietly dispersing. Some men started raising slogans and rushed towards the police force stationed some distance away. A human chain comprised of the women volunteers of COVA sprung up across the road and prevented a clash between the police and the people. On the one hand the women cajoled the angry young men to disperse peacefully and on the other pleaded with the police to exercise restraint. What could have been a bloody clash with the potential of engulfing Hyderabad in flames was thus averted. The women volunteers were also joined by a number of individuals and women from other NGOs. The Saviours of Hyderabad was another historical experience that generated into 46
a larger programme. After the riots in 1990, people were identified who had saved the life and property of people belonging to the other community. They were called the 'Saviours of Hyderabad' at a Sanaman function with extensive press coverage. They became instant heroes and were honoured by the Governor of Andhra Pradesh. They were instantly recognized in their localities and looked up to by their communities. Saving life and property of people of the other community became a positive trend. 'Sanaman' Functions were also conducted after riots in 1998 and as a reaction to the Carnage in Gujarat in 2002. COVA felt that these people can be excellent ambassadors of peace and saving people's life and property could be promoted as a trend to counter the growing influence of negative communal forces. Based on its experiences in Hyderabad and other parts of Andhra Pradesh, COVA initiated 5 networks in the States of West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Jammu and Kashmir. In all these States networks are being promoted on a pilot bases on the same lines and principles as the District Networks in Andhra Pradesh. It is now also part of a nation-wide net work of like-minded NGOs called the Inter Community Alliances for National Integration and Development (ICANID) (see below)
Current Activities
COVA members' activities for children in Hyderabad fall under three general categories: Out of School Children: which includes play schools, community education centers and open schools; Children in School: including extra curricula activities and low cost science exhibits; and Child Rights Activities which are community based and include advocacy and policy interventions. The Hyderabad City Programme for Women includes social empowerment through literacy, family counseling and reconciliation and campaigns about social issues. The Interfaith Forum promotes interfaith dialogue amongst the masses is a powerful and effective way to usher in social and
communal harmony. Interfaith Forum brings together leaders of different religions to conduct interactive sessions in colleges and at local levels. They talk about the core principles and values of different faiths with the objective of promoting understanding so that people are able to celebrate the rich diversity of our country. (UNICEF has encouraged this kind of activity starting in 1997-98 with the dialogues and publication Religion and Rights of Children and Women in South Asia) Riot Control Measures, developed since COVAs inception, continue through: (a) Controlling the spread of rumours through COVAs network of volunteers; (b) Stationing teams of volunteers at Government Hospitals to take care of victims which lessens the panic of the victims and prevents the press from exaggerating incidents; (c) Activitating groups of volunteers in Mohallas to maintain peace in their areas. The Childrens Programme of the Community Development Programme aims to empower the community to strive for establishing equality, social harmony and justice with focus on rights of children. Different city and locality level platforms are formed. These facilitate the participation of all sections of the society in building a child friendly environment. These are: Basti Level Rights Committees comprising of women and young men. Child Rights Clubs for students in Schools. Child Campaigners Club- an umbrella organisation comprising of representatives of Child Rights Clubs. City Level Child Rights Council integrating the structures that have been formed at different levels and comprising of children, parents, school managements and representatives of the Basti Level Rights Committees. Specific activities include For Children out of School Play Schools Non Residential Bridge Centers (with a curriculum developed by adapting an
Urdu Learning package developed by an NGO in Pakistan) Open Schools (Urdu and Telugu Medium) For Children in School activities include Extra Curricular Activities in Schools Low Cost Science Exhibition The programme Community Mobilisation for Promoting Child Rights is comprised of the following activities: B a s t i L e v e l R i g h ts C o m m i t t e e s Empowered Committees in each basti dedicated to claiming rights of the poor and marginalised. Emphasis on the rights of children and women -with a focus on educational, recreational, health and civic rights. Lobbying with the government for access to the above services. Child Campaigners Club Representatives of Child Rights Clubs come together to form the Child Campaigners Club, which functions as an umbrella organisation at the city level Platform for children to develop as community leaders Advocacy and lobbying with the government and elected representatives for child friendly policies and program
Inter Community Alliances for National Integration and Development (ICANID)

COVA is concerned that with the globalisation of the world economy groups of already marginalized people will face further problems. As people feel less and less connected their generalised resentment becomes directed at specific groups around them whom they see as different. Strong intercommunity structures/ institutions help cushion the impact of such a situation. There are a number of secular groups and 47
organizations working to promote peace and harmony. However, they do not involve and enlist religious groups in their endeavours although most of them are against violence. As a result, religion and religious groups are being hijacked by a few fringe elements who have a vested interest in creating and spreading the atmosphere of hate and vengeance. Interactions between different religious organisations are largely non existent and wherever they exists are mostly symbolic in nature - with out extending into collaborations and partnerships in implementing programmes and activities. Similarly, interactions between secular groups and religious organizations on development issues are very minimal. Such interactions are the need of the hour today. ICANID was formed as a result of consultations held between development NGOs and religious organisations in a number of cities across India. The membership is open to voluntary organizations, networks, donor / resource agencies, trade unions and individuals by invitation. It is envisaged that a national body with state and district level units will eventually emerge. Initially ICANID would focus on the following activities: Facilitate the participation of organizations/ individuals from different communities in each other's programmes and activities.
Facilitate placements of individuals from different communities in organizations led by other communities. Encourage and facilitate induction of members from different communities in the Boards. Encourage, facilitate and ensure that members from different communities participate in, and benefit from all programmes of member organizations by building appropriate linkages. Form State and District branches of the network. Facilitate inter community alliances in implementing programmes and issues like education, child labour etc. Facilitate inter community sharing of resources. Presently most private funding agencies support organizations/ groups from their own community. ICANID should endeavour to ensure that resource agencies allocate funds transcending community considerations alone. Initiate the processes that would lead to the establishment of a Tribunal to "Monitor Atrocities" on any groups / communities anywhere in the country. Develop a media response mechanism for responding to issues that come up form time to time.
Sources of Funding
Funds are raised as necessary.
48
CMC Ltd.
Contact Data
CMC Ltd.
Chinta Prakash, General Manager Michael Peria,
Media Specialist, Multi Media Education & Training
C. Mani Mehalai, Manager CMC Centre, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500-019, India Phone: +91 40 23000401 / 501 Fax: +91 40 23000509 E-mail: chinta@cmcltd.com peria@cmcltd.com mani@hyd.cmc.net.in Website: www.cmcltd.com
Chinta Prakash

In terms of available technologies, training staff and access to global resources the CMC International Training Center can be an excellent venue for international training workshops. Apart from its training potential, also impressive is one of CMCs IT projects of empowering Auxiliary Nurse Midwives with 21st century digital technologies such as PDAs (personal digital assistant) to accomplish the most basic of tasks of mapping and tracking the health status of women and children in communities. This is explained below in detail. While the most obvious and perhaps most striking selling point of CMC is its considerable expertise in the IT field, it should also be noted that they are equally strong in terms of staffing, training and consulting experience in what CMC calls soft areas: communication planning, participatory community approaches and community based media.
Brief History
CMC Ltd. has been operating for nearly three decades in terms of providing research, development and training services in communication to support both commercial enterprises as well as government agencies, non-governmental organisation, bi and multilateral assistance agencies, now a member of the TATA group of companies are trying to integrate some of the most up-to-date communication technologies with traditional approaches. It brings domain expertise to egovernance, especially in public health (see below).

Although part of the TATA group, CMC operates autonomously supported by a global reach of backup expertise and resources. Within the Hyderabad organisation there is a Chief Coordinator and Trainer, Ms. Mani Mehalai supported by Michael Peria who is responsible for coordination of Media, elearning, community development and other 49
soft skills. There are officers who share responsibility for training, as well.
The benefits of the FHIMS include: Enhances the effective analysis of the data flowing up from the grassroots level (PHC) to the top brass (CFW and DH). Reduces the burden of record maintenance at all levels, and enables the department to concentrate on delivering quality health care. Records health care data at the habitation level in electronic form, thereby ensuring accuracy and reliability.
Current Activities
There are two ongoing health programme activities that are particularly relevant to UNICEF. These combine IT technology with interpersonal communication strategies. More than that, they combine skill and confidence building measures while at the same time supporting Health Information Systems to increase the capacity of District, State and National levels of government to monitor the health status and make necessary adjustments. It is a fine example of the seamless relationship between programming, communication inputs and hard IT technologies.
2. IHC: India Health Care Project

The main feature of the project is CMC's IHC system which uses mobile devices called Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) for data capturing, data transmission and report generation. The Department of Health and Family Welfare of the government of Andhra Pradesh provides health care services for the people in the villages through auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs). ANMs play a key role in providing necessary counseling, first aid, preliminary diagnosis for simple ailments, promotion of various family planning methods, immunisation, coordinating malaria and TB eradication programmes, helping in pre / post and ante-natal care and distribution of common medicines, in the entire state of Andhra Pradesh. The Department wanted to evolve an effective strategy to improve basic health care services for the people in the villages through auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs). CMC design tailored (PDAs) with suitable icons for semi-literate ANMs, to allow for micro-management of public health services in Andhra Pradesh villages. It is an IT aid for rural health workers to deliver quality healthcare. The PDAs are used to record information about the health conditions of the village. The information server the Primary Health Center computer collects this information from the PDAs and develops a database.
1. FHIMS: Family Welfare and Health Information Monitoring System

This is an application software with modules for primary health centres (PHCs), district medical and health offices, offices of commissioners of family welfare (CFW) and the office of the director of health (DH). CMC developed this to make it possible to monitor the health of the people of a state online, and improve family welfare delivery systems. The Department of Health and Family Welfare of the government of Andhra Pradesh wanted to evolve an effective strategy to capture basic healthcare data of its citizens. CMC undertook to study, design, develop and implement a comprehensive software solution for computerising the operations of the department of health and family welfare. The data was to be captured at the point of generation, and proper records maintained, including feedback and evaluation of the various projects / programmes (like anti-TB, malaria control, etc) undertaken by the health staff. The Commissioner of Family Welfare i m p l e m e n ts v a r i o u s f a m i l y w e l f a r e programmes, including mother and child health care and family planning services in the entire state of Andhra Pradesh. 50
From this, the system generates reminders for immunisation, ante- and post-natal care, family planning and various other scheduled programs. The generated schedule helps the ANMs to know which households need to be visited each day. She can find out at a glance, which households have persons at-risk who need attention. She receives the latest instructions from the district headquarters, transferred into her system from the server at her immediate supervisor's site, for a particular type of ailment or a new method, either on demand or at a time when it is needed. From the District Health Centre, the data enters the existing state and national health data systems, through a National Informatics Centre network (NICnet), which is already in place. Some of the benefits of this system include: The system yields broad health indicators of: Health status of children with specific reference to immunisation Health of women with specific reference to pregnant women and young women
A target list and progress of family planning activities Status of infectious diseases like TB, Malaria etc as well as incidence of other diseases In addition, ANMs can know the number of immunisations of a particular kind in a particular village. This indicates the task ahead for a given month. Based on this information, schedules are prepared for each activity, indicating each worker's accomplishment. The system also helps to work out the requirements of vaccines and drugs of different types needed in the area, as well as the total requirement for the next six months, based on the monthly information.
Sources of Funding
Funding comes from a wide range of clients including various Commonwealth Countries. For example, training has been extended to the Ministries of Education of Sri Lanka and Sudan; different sectors from the Government of India; the Police Force, TCS, WIPRO, POLARIS, Siera Atlanti, Baan, Invensy. Media training was given to the Indian Ministry of Agriculture, NIRD, Manage, Asean-India, BTC-RBI.
51
Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW)

Department of Communication
Contact Data
Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW)
Department of Communication Dr. A. Saibaba, Professor
Dept. of Communication
Dr. G.V. Ramana Rao, M.D. Professor, Dept. of Eqidemiology

Vengalrao Nagar, Hyderabad - 500 038 Phone : (0091) 40 - 23810691 / 23810400 Fax : 040 - 23812816 E-mail : hyd1_diriihfw@sancharnet.in Website: www.iihfw.org
Dr. A. Saibaba

One of the most important strengths, of the Department of Communication is the fact that the faculty of four works in and on many sides of the communication process: (a) they are researchers, (b) they actually help to implement projects, (c) they consult to a large number of organisations who need advice about their projects communication needs and (d) the training the Department of Communication conducts is practical and process/outcome oriented yet grounded in theory. Moreover, they publish all their results in an approachable and systematic way. For example, they have published a report on the Meena communication initiative in Andhra Pradesh as well as a report about the formative research that was done for the BCC strategy for INHP in Andhra Pradesh for CARE/India. Another study of direct interest to UNICEF would be the Behaviour Change 52
Communication Strategies for Improving Feeding Practices and Mobilising Adolescent Girls as Change Agents. There is also a report on the preparation of the Situation Analysis for Micro Planning of the Integrated Early Childhood Development Project. They also provided technical inputs for the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in 10 districts of Andhra Pradesh. Much of the communication training is based on or a variation of the Hopkins University Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) approach. This ensures that there is consistency of procedures in data analysis and planning; that all the steps are systematized in ways that are ready to monitor and easy to evaluate in terms of clear cut objectives. Since there is already an established relationship with UNICEF, allying with an organisation such at the Communication D e pa r t m e n t , w o u l d m a k e e ff i c i e n t programming sense. There is no need to brief the Department on UNICEF procedures. They
can work within the known UNICEF context of any specific programme sector.
Brief History
The Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW) was established in 1992 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh as an autonomous body registered under the A.P. Registration of Societies Act. In 1994, the Institute shifted to its present campus. The campus houses an auditorium, lecture halls, seminar rooms with modern computer-aided audio-visual equipment, a large library, computer and IEC centers. This is where the training and research take place. There is a well-furnished hostel with dining hall and recreation facilities for participants and guest faculty.
by the IIHFW include three sessions on communication. This is a very important movement since it acknowledges the importance of communication as essential to all health interventions.
Current Activities
The Department has been training trainers for the Reproductive Child Health (RCH) Phases I and II. It is a decentralized cascading training which begins at the regional level, from there to the districts and finally to communities. The training encompasses integrated skills in management, maternal and child health and communication. There has been specialised communication training for district Extension and Media Officers (DEMOS) as part of the RCH; South East Asian Regional Training Course on Population and Reproductive Health Management; Training for Effective Implementation of Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques; Training in RCH and PHC for Medical Officers as part of the Andhra Pradesh Economic Restructuring Project (APERP); Training programme for Community Organisers in Counseling Techniques.

The objectives of the Institute, which also apply to the Department of Communication, are as follows: To develop trained health manpower resources for better delivery of health care services. To conduct policy-relevant and field based research studies on themes concerning population, health and family welfare. To provide technical guidance to Regional Training Centres and District Training Teams. To render advisory and consultancy services to governments and other user organisations for developing programmes and policies on population and health. It is important to note that, in addition to its own training in strategic and behaviour change communication which may last up to seven days, all the other training courses sponsored
Sources of Funding
From the Government of India Budget and fees charged for services (training, consulting, etc.) Faculty members are provided consultancy services to WHO, UNICEF, the European Union, DFID. World Bank, CARE, LEPRA Society, Administrative Staff College of India, Commissioner of Health and Family Welfare & APVVP of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, the National Institute of Nutrition, the International Institute of Population Science.
53
Centre for Media and Alternative Communication (CMAC)

Contact Data
Centre for Media and Alternative Communication (CMAC)
Parthiv Shah, Director
A1/81 Panchsheel Enclave New Delhi-110017 Tel: 011- 26498977, 26498106. 26012070; 9810154242 Email: cmac@vsnl.com
Parthiv Shah

The Centre for Media and Alternative Communication (CMAC) has many roles in various communication processes. But perhaps the most important role it plays is that of a rule breaker thinking not outside the box but beyond the box itself. A lot of their ideas come not only from focus group work but from the creative experiences in the backgrounds of the professional staff before they joined CMAC. As an organisation it is not afraid to take chances: support and publication of the book Kaaya: Beyond Gender -- A Window into the Lives of a Transgender Community, for example. The procedure of this book was based on Parthiv Shahs own original experiences working with children in Mangolpuri, a resettlement colony in outskirts of Delhi where by giving children cameras and asking them to take pictures of what interested them he tried to understand how marginalised children saw the world. (It is not surprising that this has become a formal participatory communication action research technique, with a variety of names: photo voice, talking pictures, or visual voices and become very effective as a step in the behaviour development process. 54
Their work in the We Can campaign to end violence against women in South Asia is also very well done with goals and objectives clearly defined (a regional initiative cannot have exact objectives per year) and a multimedia approach. Another interesting campaign approach is their work on HIV/AIDS. Thus, the creativity they bring to a campaign orientation is of great use. Sustaining the achievements would be the challenge for the communities and programme people working on the intervention.
Brief History
CMAC is a non-profit organisation based in New Delhi. It was set up by people with similar interests, yet from different though complementary fields. It works through many audio visual strategies.

CMAC (The Centre for Media and Alternative Communication) is an institution committed to make communication more interesting and effective rooted in the belief that communication is a critical step towards building bridges of understanding. The key objective of the organization is generating awareness through specially
designed campaigns, mounted with excellent technological skills. It works across the field of multi media visual and audio communication as well as discussions and workshops that involve communities to create awareness across communities, regions, religion, class and culture. CMAC employs traditional media, interpersonal techniques and conventional advertising techniques towards creating addressing a range of issues.
value amongst young people in India. It aimed to encourage a greater understanding about human dimension of different religions to promote peace and encourage pluralism. Traveling multi-media exhibition and education study guides (for discussions). Collaborating with Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS), a young forum with 500 youth center across the county with 180,000 member and has 40 regional offices across India. (ongoing) Haman Hain Ishq (The Love Is All There Is): Art exhibition, music concert, music album and music video as part of CMACs work in area of peace and religious harmony. An exhibition-center with two well known artists, Haku Shah, a painter, and Shubba Mudgal, a musician. Draws on cultural roots of religious pluralism through art and medieval devotional poetry. Also a catalogue.
Current Activities
Below are the listings of general programme areas and the specific activities within each area.
Gender and Womens Rights

Photo-documentary Project with the TransGender Community (2004 ongoing). (Described above) To begin eliminating stigmas through an increased understanding of these lives thus viewing them as people first and then transgender examples. We Can: The 6 Nation Campaign to End Violence against Women (Ongoing): To support more than 5 million change agents across the region with logos, products such as change maker kits, launching events, a We Can theme song. Creating a Balance: A film showing the impact of globalisation across two continents Asia and North America. CMAC was the creative consultant for India. (2003) V-Day (2002): Poster and bookmarks; for an international campaign to end violence against women. Help Line Cards: A help line card for women in distress, comprising important numbers for women in Delhi created for the 16-day campaign to end violence against women. (2002)
Education and Literacy Campaign

Second Struggle for Freedom: Two television spots aired on Doordarshan. The second struggle is the issue of literacy and superstition. Learning to Live: Part of the National Literacy Mission consisting 25 panels describing oral traditions to educationists and todays modern education. It is on permanent display at the Indira Gandhi national Open University.
Governance and Civil Society

The Panchayat Raj Campaign: TV Spots and Print Ads; to strengthen the Panchayat Raj system toward responsible government. TV spots centered on Power to People. Newspaper ads focused on womens participation in governance.
HIV/AIDS
Advocacy and Awareness on HIV/AIDS: CMAC conceived, designed and produced a poster for UNIFEM on World AIDS Day 2002 in all Indian languages and disseminated across the South Asian region. Also produced a book People Plus for the International Conference in HIV/AIDS (ICAAP). 2001 55
Peace and Conflict

Culturally Speaking: A project exploring cultural diversity and religion pluralism: To foster a great appreciation of diversity as a core
Environment
Watershed Management Project: Campaign to promote environmental protection through watershed management: CMAC worked with Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR). Photographic documentation of successful watershed management activities in Maharashtra. A manual How to Implement the Process was published targetted at farmers.
Sources of Funding
Fees for services. GTZ India; Sahara; UNIFEM; UNAIDS; Madhya Pradesh Government; National Literacy Mission; Prince Klaus Fund, Netherlands; Breakthrough; Building Human Rights Culture; V-Day, New York; OXFAM.
56
Centre for Media Studies (CMS)

Research House
Contact Data
Centre for Media Studies (CMS)
Research House Dr. N. Bhaskara Rao, Chairman
Community Centre, Saket New Delhi -110 017 Tel: 2685 1660, 2685 6429 Fax: 2696 8282 E-mail: info@cmsindia.org nbraocms@vsnl.com Website: www.cmsindia.org

The over-riding philosophy of the Center for Media Studies is that Research is not an end in itself, rather it is a means for change, for the betterment of society and to promote equity among people. The studies (not only media studies) it undertakes and publishes are, in fact, aimed at improving the general good of society. For example, no shampoo or beer companies are listed among its clients. Because it has such close experience with and knowledge of social development issues, it is an organisation who can be relied on to focus on the essentials of social development work without UNICEF, for example, without having to spend a lot of time in background briefings. Its Managing Committee and Advisory Council are peopled with highly respected (and competent) individuals who reflect (or set the stage for) the qualities just discussed. What is also clear is that CMS can work internationally without major adjustments. Under the Current Activities section, the nature of its work will become immediately clear and the some of the work will be seen as immediately actionable. What may be less immediately applicable is some of the environment studies or the studies revolving
around good governance such as peoples perceptions of corruption. Although, with the latter for example, there is a growing body of evidence that corruption lessens when people are well-informed through the media of what their rights are, what services are supposed to be coming their way, etc. Moreover, its effectiveness as a training institution is grounded in its thorough knowledge of all aspects of communication. All training is based on individual needs assessments performed anew for each new group it trains.
Brief History
Centre for Media Studies (CMS) is an independent professional institution established in 1991 by Dr. N. Bhaskar Rao, a pioneer in development communication, social research and opinion poll methodology in the country. It is a not for profit national level multidisciplinary development research and facilitative body of professionals. CMSs core concerns are research, training, advocacy and media monitoring. Research includes: Needs assessment Feasibility Formative & Baseline 57
Pre test of messages & materials Monitoring & Evaluation Behavioral Tracer Documentation & content analysis Futures Research Training had encompassed the following areas: Behaviour Change Communication for Grass root level workers. Entertainment Education and Content Development for producers and script writers (AIR). Management Skills - HRM, PM, Monitoring & Evaluation, Financial Mgmt, Fund Raising, Social Marketing, Effective Communication. Research Methodologies : Participatory Rural Appraisal for Grass root levelworkers. Presentation & Communication Skills for Rickshaw pullers & Guides at BharatpurBird Sanctuary. Media Handling. Technical aspects of Rainwater Harvesting for Plumbers. Advocacy includes: (a) generating debates and discussions; (b) conducting workshops and seminars; (c) publishing the CMS Monogram Series; (d) publicise research findings and (e) providing technical inputs to Policy Makers. Media monitoring includes: content analysis - News Channels Monitoring; analysing trends of (a) Coverage patterns; (b) Formats and Innovations; (c) Policies and issues addressed; (d) How issues are portrayed and tracking audience response to a large range of programmes in the media.
To work as a team to become a research facility, that leads in quality and service while maintaining the highest possible ethical and scientific standards. Promotes a deeper understanding and discussion of communication and social issues of national significance. Develop better capacities for / on emerging communication and social issues. CMS Motto: Objective information gathering and analysis to contribute in the making of a more equitable society. CMS Mission: Going beyond the conventional concerns of research and analysis, the CMS mission includes advocacy, planning, promoting peoples' participation, facilitating interface between different sections of the society, and sensitising the public on issues of national concern.
Current Activities
Not all activities of CMS can be mentioned here. However, brief mention will be made of two major initiatives which have implication for the possibility of CMS supporting country offices throughout the region. The first is an outline of the communication training that has been conducted. The second will be a selection of some selected practical studies, some of which are very innovative and might be of use to UNICEF country or state programmes, depending on the major thrusts of the programme.

CMS Vision: To provide leadership and excellence in communication, social & environmental research. 58
Communication Training:
Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) IEC to BCC, Trends and Concerns Needs Assessment, Audience Segmentation, Use of Media, Folk Media, Selection of Channels & Sources Communication Skills, Counseling and Negotiation skills, Use of Life Skills,
Advocacy & its Relevance in BCC Programmes PLA methods Monitoring & Evaluation Effective communication skills for Middle Level Program Managers/Officers Faster & Effective Reading, Effective Written Communication, Effective Business Presentation, Effective Listening Media handling for Program Officers/Public Relation /Personnel in Media Division: Media Management, Press Release, Understanding Media Pattern, Media selection, Different forms of media (print, audio visual), Trends, Identify audience, Selecting messages. Selected Studies: Strengthening the information needs of the Gram Sabha: CMS appraised the use of an entertainment education approach to give information about and empower communities in regard to the rights and duties of the Panchayat. It was carried out in 7 states in terms of reach listenership, recall and recognition and relevance and usage of the information. Content analysis and in-depth interviews were used. Meet on Citizens Charters for making the Citizens Charter a more effective instruments for better efficiencies: Conducted a survey of 11 Delhi Government departments; held a seminar How effective are citizens charters? based on the survey data and discussed with department members, eminent citizens and citizen groups to explore ways fro improvement. Pretesting of Youth Programme Haath Se Haath Mila: A BBCWST TV series that models life skills in the context of HIV/AIDS for youth in Northern India: or live life and protest themselves from HIV/AIDS. CMS pilot tested the series and monitored audience reaction through two rounds of Rapid Assessment Surveys.
Capacity building of rickshaw pullers, guides and Forest Officials of Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (WWF): Participatory training on communication skills active listening, how to be a good speaker, verbal and nonverbal skills, behaviour change dynamic and communication planning. Exit Polls during assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Punjab (February 2003) commissioned by ZEE News Evaluation Studies on rural water supply programme: For the Dept of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry or Rural Development in Kanker District of Chattisgarh and Kullu and Una Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Based on disenfranchised peoples perception regarding service; i.e. quality of water, community participation in planning and implantation of water schemes, etc. Communication for behavioural change capacity building of civil society groups working in the health sector: 200 mid and senior level staff of NGOs in NCR of Delhi working in health issues were trained according to the training outline given above. Focus group discussions with male respondents from eleven states (representing all regions in India) to assess KAP on Malaria related issues: Ultimately to be used along with qualitative data to plan communication strategies, formative evolution for IEC, monitoring and evaluating the communication activities. Tying education entertainment media messages with ground-based action about TARU: This unique radio programmes on womens empowerment and reproductive health issues was closely monitored and studied using various innovative methodologies by CMS in collaboration with Ohio University. Dai training as part of improved healthy care for adolescent girls in Jabalpur slums, Madhya Pradesh: CMS did the final evaluation in 147 slums. In addition to a questionnaire, PRS methodology was used: Force Field Analysis, Venn Diagram, stakeholder analysis, etc. 59
An initiative to bring street children in the main stream: Sahaitha School non formal school has been set up in found locations in Delhi to take street children and give them hope for the future through functional literacy and health seeking behaviour. Assessing Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) Institute of Peoples Education: CMS evaluated five JSS for the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Directorate of Adult Education): It extended to progress of vocational skill training, placement of beneficiaries, mobilising youth to avail of vocational training facilities, impact of
beneficiaries socio-economic growth, utilization of the development fund and management of the Sansthans.
Sources of Funding
Fees charged to clients. The total list of clients is far too lengthy for this report. Some clients have been: Non Government Organizations; HLFPPT; NACO, UNAIDS; State AIDS Control Societies; CASP Plan; WII & WFFBharatpur; VHAI Delhi, ZEE News, Population Foundation, India, World Bank, CARE.
60
Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC)

Contact Data
Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC)
Prof. B. P. Sanjay, Director
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg JNU (New Campus) New Delhi 110067 Phone: 26187492 Fax: 91-11-26166532 E-mail: bpsanjay@hub.nic.in Website: www.iimc.nic.in
Prof. B. P. Sanjay

The IIMC has a long history of collaboration with United Nations agencies, particularly with UNICEF and WHO. With UNICEF it has collaborated in campaigns dealing with child rights, child protection. The Institute is also would also be a good dispassionate third party source for evaluating communication campaigns.
Current Activities
Training Programmes The Institute conducts two major training programmes: four one year post graduate diploma courses and two four month diploma courses in Development Journalism. There are also a Post-graduate Diploma Courses in: Admission Procedures Journalism [English / Hindi / Radio & Television / Oriya] Advertisings & Public Relations In Service Training Programmes are offered, such as Orientation Course for officers of the Indian Information Service. Diploma Course in Development Journalism for Non-Aligned and other developing countries. Short Term Courses/Seminars/Workshops The Institute each year also conducts a number of specialised short term Refresher Courses to meet the training needs of media personnel working in the Indian Information 61
Brief History
The Government of India in 1962-63 sought the advice of the Ford Foundation/UNESCO team of internationally known mass communication specialists who recommended the setting up of a national institute for training, teaching and research in mass communication. The late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Minister in Charge of Information and Broadcasting, formally inaugurated the Institute on 17 August 1965.

This needs to be requested from the Institute itself. It is not available on the Web site.
Service, in various media units of the Central Government and public sector organizations.
Research and Evaluation Studies

A systematic study of communication has been an integral part of the Institute's academic pursuits. Being the premier national institution in the field of mass communication processes to analyse and understand the reach and impact of mass media and mass media communication. Several sponsored research projects and evaluation studies have been undertaken. Some of these were for various ministries & organisations in the areas of campaign formulation and media planning and assessment of impact. The Department of Communication Research participated in an international cooperative research project "TV Message Analysis" sponsored by the Centre for Advanced Study of Media at Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA. The IIMC also conducted research projects sponsored by the UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, World Bank and UNEPA. The Centre for New Media and Policy The Centre for New Media and Policy (CNMP) takes as its thematic the study of
developments with respect to the new media. New media is broadly understood as exploring new uses for old media and recognising that phenomena such as globalisation, convergence and technological change are leading to changes in the mediascape. Consultancy The Institute provides training, research and consultancy services at the request of departments of Central and State Governments, Public Sector Undertakings, Universities and other academic bodies as well as foreign institutions and international agencies. Publications From the point of view of this survey, the most important publication is Communicator; the Journal of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication published bi-annually. It analyses communication trends and specific communication issues. There is also a printed and electronic newsletter.
Sources of Funding
Government Budgets and fees for services provided.
62
A J Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre

Jamia Millia Islamic University
Contact Data
A J Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre
Jamia Millia Islamia University Iftekhar Ahmed, Director Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 Tel: (91-01) 6847285 EPABX : (91-01) 26981717 (4 Lines) Fax : (91-01) 684 6811; 26980337 E-mail : mcrc@jmi.ernet.in; root@jmi.ernet.in Website: www.jmi.nic.in

The Mass Communication Research Centre can offer a direct benefit to country programmes through its consultancy services and the individual expertise of faculty members. However, of equal benefit would be the short and long term training that can be offered, particularly in some of the technical aspects of media production, where the courses offered are systematic and step-wise in the teaching. Much of rights-based programme strategies depend on an informed public: the more deeply informed communities are the more likely they are to monitor and demand those interventions which are guaranteed by the various United Nations Conventions and Declarations education, health care services, participation in political systems. Therefore, strengthening the production skills (reporting, script writing, production of newspaper, radio and television inputs, etc.) is strengthening the potential that programmes supported by development agencies will be implemented by a great percentage of the population.
Brief History
The Jamia Millia Islamia was established in 1920 at Aligarh by a group of nonconformist Muslims in response to Mahatma Gandhi's call to boycott to British Raja run educational institutions in the country. Its founders were Mahatma Gandhis principal Muslim lieutenants, Maulana Mohammed Ali and Hakim Ajmal Khan and Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari. The university depended on public contribution, donation and a monthly grant from the Khilafat Committee to manage its affairs initially. Dr. M.A. Ansari travelled all over the country explaining the importance of Jamia and collecting funds. In 1962 the U.G.C. gave Jamia a "deemed" university status and in 1988 it became a central university. Today, Jamia gives integrated education from Nursery to PhD. Admission begins generally in the month of June. The Research Centre started in 1982 in the realization of the significance of Mass Communication as a catalyst for social development and change. 63

The Centre also produces educational T.V. programmes for the University Grants Commission for students in small towns and rural areas where higher education facilities are inadequate.
production for radio and Television. A Campus Community Radio has been started recently for the university and the communities around the campus.
Sources of Funding
Historically, there were primarily private donations but government funds slowly became available. Major original external support was from York University, Toronto (Canada) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). The University Grants Commission set up the first production center by providing a building and meeting recurring annual expenses. In 1991-92 there was assistance for audio, video and film equipment from the Japanese government. The Centre was able to build two Television studios, a post production studio, a radio studio and a large facility for audio-visual production. In 2004-5 the University Grants Commission, Ford Foundation and the Japanese International Aid Agency (JICA) have given major grants for upgrading facilities.
Current Activities
In addition to the one year Diplomas in (a) Development Communication, (b) Maintenance and Operation of Broadcast Equipment an (c) Advanced Diploma in Journalism; there is a two year Master of Arts Degree in Communication and a longer Ph.D. in Mass Communication. There are short courses offered on many aspects of media (see below), community radio, use of EDUSAT, etc. The following is a partial list of short terms courses offered: Techniques of (a) scriptwriting, (b) radio anchoring and production, (c) T.V. reporting and anchoring, (d) media research; (e) documentary film production. (f) techniques of fiction programme
64
Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus

Contact Data
Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus
Dr. Malti Mehta, Co-ordinator
GIET Campus, 132 Ft. Ring Road,B/h AMTS Workshop, Ahmedabad - 380 009 Gujarat University, India Tel: (91-79-27913481) E-mail: cdcgu@yahoo.com maltimehta@yahoo.com Website: www.gujaratuniversity.org.in
Dr. Malti Mehta

The Centre for Development Communication has had a communication programming relationship since 1990 when it produced a documentary film about the girl child called Children in the Margins. This was followed in 2002 with a multi-media project on maternal health which included a series of radio programmes a publication about the child 0 1 year, flash cards, posters and jingles. In 2003, with UNICEF and the British Council it helped coordinate the Ahmedabad portion of an exhibition of posters by street children. UNICEF sponsored the five days locally which included an additional three daily events including discussions, childrens elocution contests, street theatre, etc. The Centre is in the position of being able to call together a wide variety of resources (in keeping with its educational philosophy see below) for research, training, communication planning, production and coordination. UNICEF could participate in developing a research agenda with the CDC and other academic institutions offering development communication so that faculty and student research would be truly relevant, need-based
and the results could be immediately applied to country programme communication activities.
Brief History
The Centre for Development Communication started its Masters degree programme in 1982 based on the philosophy of the SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment) programme: that communication could be used to bring about change at the grass-roots level. People supporting Development Communication advocated introducing a programme that equipped students to use state-of-the-art communication technology to accelerate the development process in remote areas of society.

The Centre for Development Communication offers a Masters Degree in development Communication whose aim is to increase understand of the concepts and processes of development communication as it applies to all media. It aims to develop sensitive and responsible media professionals in a participatory and skill-based learning environment. Field practice is emphasized. 65
Current Activities
Admitting twelve students per programme cycle, the course of study is divided into four major areas of concentration: Indian Society and Development Communication Perspectives Communication Research Practical Skills In order to keep administrative expenses economical, courses are conducted largely through guest lecturers who are either senior academics from Gujarat University,
development communicators working with local NGOs or media professionals in each of the required disciplines such as print, radio, television, photography, traditional media such as Puppet Street theatre or Bhavai. A dissertation of required during the second year.
Sources of Funding
Government of Gudjarat and fees charged for services.
66
Mudra Institute of Communications (MICA)

Contact Data
Mudra Institute of Communications (MICA)
Arbind Sinha, Ph.D. - Professor Prof. Simon Fernandes, Course Director Alan DSouza, Member, Governing Council
Shela, Ahmedabad 3870058, India Tel: (02717) 237946 to 51 Fax: (02717) 237945 E-mail: inquiry@mica.ac.in Arbind Sinha arbind@mica.ac.in Simon Fernandes - simon@mica.ac.in Alan DSouza a.dsouza@mudra.com Website: www.mica-india.net
MUDRA INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATIONS AHMEDABAD

Although MICAs primary goal is to train people to work in industry-related or profitrelated aspects of communication, and as such has received much positive commendation from a wide range of businesses, it should not be over looked as a potential source of strict and systematic training and orientation for UNICEF and its programming partners. Moreover, its own practical approaches of the use of communication are reflected in some of the project activities and research that are listed immediately below. These have direct bearing on UNICEF-assisted programmes in India and as models assisted activities world wide. These include: Designing a Communication Strategy for Family Planning in Rajasthan Beneficiary Assessment of Quality of Care Provided by FPAI Clinic Health, Stigma and Communication: I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r M e n ta l I l l n e s s Destigmatization
Systems Requirement Study of Kiosk Based Village Information System in Aizawl and Jahabua Districts Communication Support to District Rural Development Programme The Impact of Media on Children There is also a Post Graduate Certificate Programme in Healthcare Communications Management. What is particularly interesting for UNICEFs focus is that in everything that MICA teaches, stress is on total audience (or participant group) focus. It is made certain that learners leave the institute with a clear understanding of this most important component of the communication process.
Brief History
MICA was founded in 1991 as a response to changes taking place in the Indian economy at the time; when India was emerging as one of the biggest markets in the world.The middleclass was expanding. Its banking system and capital markets had strengthened and India 67
was integrating into the world economy. These developed were complemented by the boom in media and information technology. This resulted in demand for mature communication skills and in February of 1991 the Mudra Foundation for Communications Research & Education was registered as a Society and Trust. MICA initiated its first programme in June 1991 with a short-term course in Media Planning. Soon, this was followed up with other programmes on subjects like Advertising Planning and Client Servicing. In June 1994, the flagship programme of MICA was introduced the two-year Post Graduate Programme in Communications (PGPC). In 1999 the MICA Rural Market Ratings (MRMR) was released. In 2003 the MICA Communications Review (a refereed international journal) was launched, as well the Post Graduate Certificate programmes in Public Relations and Event Management, Broadcasting Management, Design Communications Management, Crafting Creative Communications and Crafting Commercials.
MICAs approach to learning specifies: 1. To balance development of both technical and conceptual skills. 2. To instill a sense of values, ethics and a commitment to use communication skills for economic growth and tackling societal issues. 3. To make work a team effort by valuing interpersonal relations, patience and respect for others' skills. 4. To use case studies 5. To anticipate Future Trends. 6. Give importance to practical skills like effective writing, logical and precise speaking, presentation techniques, and the ability to participate and conduct productive meetings.
Current Activities
In addition to the two year Post Graduate Diploma Programme in Communications Management, MICA conducts Professional Development Programmes and Seminars on marketing, advertising, public relations, media and research. Other specialised programmes include: The MICA Knowledge Exchange & Information Center (KEIC) was established to share global information about (a) consumers and (b) all forms of support communication to the Indian communication industry - specifically in areas of decision making, strategizing, making new business connections, and understanding markets. The MICA Rural Market Ratings is an important element in MICA's mission statement is to conduct research as applied to the needs of the marketing and communications industry. The Rural Research Programme where students spend 15 days in rural communities in order to gain: 1) A holistic exposure to village communities, their structure, inter-relationships,

MICA states that its vision is "To be the preeminent communications management school". Its mission is "To develop innovative professionals in the practice, development and management of Communications to serve the needs of industry and society through education, training, research and advocacy." MICA is an academic institution established to develop professional communication skills in India. The Institute aims to provide young men and women the expertise to b e c o m e e ff e c t i v e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s professionals. The institute also conducts research in communication to meet the needs of the communications industry. It offers continuing short term refresher courses in all aspects of professional communication. 68
2) 3) 4) 5)
6) 7)
language, idiom, symbols, and flow of communication An appreciation of the vast socioeconomic and cultural diversity of rural India and how that is changing over time The ability to visualise rural dwellers for various services and products in terms of profile, lifestyles and aspirations An appreciation of the challenges in communicating with rural people An understanding of perceptions of rural people in relation to various services, services and products, etc. and the way they are bought and used An understanding of the meaning of brands from the perspective of rural people An understanding of the adoption and diffusion of new services and products
The MICA Communications Review is a refereed international quarterly journal of Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad (MICA). The Review promotes inquiry into contemporary communication issues within the wider social, economic and technological contexts, and provides a forum for discussion of theoretical and practical insights emerging from it. The Semiotics Research Centre intends to provide insights into the meanings and context of language, cultures, consumer behaviour, and the meanings and logic of symbols, graphics and logos, and its impact on Marketing Communications. The MICA faculty adds value to the corporate sector by giving fresh perspectives through its Consulting Services.
The Centre for Continuing Education & Learning established to train media professionals in the new knowledge generated through research and case studies at MICA leading to development of new paradigms about effective communication management practices.
Sources of Funding
Fees generated through it academic programme, research and consultancies.
69
National Institute of Design

Contact Data
National Institute of Design
Sudarshan Khanna, Head, Toy Centre Chair, Research & Publications Pradyumna Vyas, Principal Designer,
Faculty of Industrial Design
D P Bhattacharaya, Co-ordinator, Research and Publications

Paldi, Ahmedabad 380 007, India. Phone: (079) 2663 9692 2660 5243 ext 1081 Fax: (079) 2662 1167 E-mail: khanna@nid.edu Research@nid.edu pro@nid.edu, info@nid.edu pradyumna@nid.edu dpbhattacharaya@nid.edu Website: www.nid.edu
Sudarshan Khanna

The National Institute of Design (NID) undertakes a wide range of research and development activities across many plastic media meaning textiles, woods, clay, stainless steel, etc., as well as communication media. Although many of the activities and products are not immediately or directly programmable for children, the National Institute of Designs approach particularly the Toy Centers contributes to building self-confidence in (first) communities, (secondarily) in families and (ultimately) in children. This self confidence is the reaffirmation of the value of indigenous practices and materials that are the context of Indian communities. Further, the processes and results aim to stimulate creativity in children. There are two major activities that have direct bearing on UNICEF programming inputs: 70
In the first activity there are two publications which illustrate the concepts mentioned above. The first is The Joy of Making Indian Toys which UNICEF supported. The NID is a collaborated with the National Council of Science and Technology Communication. The Introduction begins with the sentence The best thing a child can do with a toy is to break it; the next best thing he can do is to make it. The book then shows how a variety 101 variety of Indian play things can be made very simply from locally available materials. The appendix specifies the age groups for each toy, summarises the materials necessary, and classifies the scientific principles for each toy. The second publication, Toys and Tales with Everyday Materials, expands the format of the first book. Classifying the contents as toys that: Screech, Dance, Pop Up, Move with the Wind and those that need a skill, there is advice for various age groups including adults on the principles behind each toy and for the adults suggestions on how to
use the toys to teach the scientific principles involved. The second activity is a communication activity. The UNFPA-supported Learning from the Field is a model for participatory preparation of communication materials: getting inputs from participant groups during the preparation process with continual feedback during each stage of preparation. The publication describes the process in detail. Each section ends with a lessons learnt box. Although the central topic is family planning and feminine hygiene, the process could be adapted for any communication intervention.
as part of the Toy workshops for specific groups. The workshops are usually tailormade. Budgetary considerations are calculated depending on the time involvement and travel requirements. The NID's facultys Outreach Programme also conducts workshops and short training programmes related to the communication for development covering the aspect such as education, health, environment related aspects. The publication Learning from the Field was developed based on a series of such workshops.
Brief History
In the context of the Industrial Policy Resolution (1953), in 1958 the Government of India, supported by the Ford Foundation, invited the industrial design team of Charles and Ray Eames from the United States to spend three months traveling through India meeting a large variety of people, observing handicrafts, design centers and general manufacturing. Their India Report (April 1958) provided the impetus for the National Institute of Design. The NID was subsequently established in 1961 as an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Industry, now known as Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India. NID, after Bauhaus and Ulm in Germany, offers industrial design education and contributes to evolving practical, artistic and exportable products under the rubric Designed in India. The NID has been recognised as a Science and Industrial Research Organisation by the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.
Current Activities
Some current 2005 training programmes include Creating Corporate Identity and Branding, Creating Dynamic Multi Sensory Ambience for Consumer Delight, Advanced Videography for Creative Professionals. Apart from training, there is an extensive research programme. NID research ranges from the application of ergonomics to industrial situations, transportation, health aids, design for children, conservation of materials, crafts and design for rural needs, applications of new materials and technologies and reexamination of traditional ones. Emphasis is laid on the documentation of all research and innovative experiences resulting in a large variety of publications. Many of the research experiences could have much positive impact on UNICEF programme initiatives for children. The NID also designs and puts in place exhibitions which depending on the objectives of the client can be as creative and innovative, and thus challenging, to the viewer/participant as needed.

The NID Toy Centre conducts workshops for teachers, parents and children. The focus is on Creativity through interweaving design and social themes using simple materials and tools. The aspect of education, creative learning and environment are made
Sources of Funding
Mainly the Government of India, occasionally, supplemented by the grants from Ford Foundation and other organisations as well as professional/educational fees charged to clients for projects , assignments and short courses and the fees received from students. 71
SAMUHA
Contact Data
SAMUHA
Mr. T. Pradeep, Director and Secretary
1583, 17th Main, JP Nagar, Phase II Bangalore 560 078, Karnataka Tel: 91-80-26492361,62,63 91-80-26606532,3 Tel/Fax: 91-80-26792362 E-mail: pradeep@samuha.org geetha@samuha.org Website: www.samuha.org
Mr. T. Pradeep

It is difficult to briefly describe the all encompassing scope of SAMUHAs (meaning GROUP) work. For those interested in strategic communication for social development, hearing about SAMUHA for the first time is like being a child in a sweet shop: one doesnt know where to begin to sample all the good things available. The interconnectedness of SAMUHAs work calls to mind Tarzie Vittachis maxim: Everything Is about Something Else. Through SAMUHA, people's needs are being served in creative and systematic ways using both indigenous (use of traditional interpersonal channels) and modern technology (e.g., computers and remote sensing via satellite). Not only "latest" communication technologies, but tried and true psychological empowerment approaches are in use for challenges in such disciplines as MCH and early child development. It is peoples choices, the communities, that bring the diverse sectors together (health, education, community based rehabilitation (CBR), education, early child care, HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment activities, micro credit, home improvements, farm diversification, land resource management, water shed development) and unifies them into a programmatic whole. 72
This is a pointed reminder of UNICEFs historic role as a catalyst in the development process: the developed community is the very best agency for child development. In India UNICEF is very much a partner in many aspects of SAMUHAs programmatic scope. To learn the full scope of work, please go onto the web site given above.
Brief History
SAMUHA was registered as a Society in 1986. In the over 22 years of work, SAMUHAs operations have grown from 24 villages in the one Deodurg taluk of Raichur district to 6 districts in Karnataka and philosophically from a focus on children to an integrated understanding of the fuller context of peoples vulnerabilities and to programming to address those vulnerabilities. It now addresses vulnerabilities facing children, women, people living in slums, people with disabilities, people vulnerable to/living with HIV/AIDS, rural communities in rain-dependent semi-arid lands, the digitally disadvantaged.

SAMUHAs over-riding Goal is to improve the quality of life of vulnerable people within defined periods of time. Each of the many activities has separate carefully defined measurable objectives. These are available
on the web site. It (a) operates functionally as a network of people in development and (b) functions legally as a single registered society.
Current Activities
These are only a smattering of the activities SAMUHA is supporting. For UNICEF it has been the UNICEF- Government of Karnataka Community Monitoring Programme (CMP). This is a pilot project aimed at improving the quality of life of over 265,400 families in four taluks of Raichur and Gulbarga districts by systematically improving their access to, and control over education, early child care for development, and safe motherhood services. The monitoring takes an innovative approach, and is based on a system of 15 Red Alerts, which look at individual health, and the functioning of primary schools and ICDS centers.
Programme Title Integrated Village Development
- Education - Community Health - Home Improvements - CBR Disabilities - HIV/AIDS - Farm Diversification - MED - Land Resource Management
children; MODULE 4: Health Education and ICDS programmes, MODULE 5: Community mobilization to access Government services. NID programmes were organised as part community mobilisation activities for the Pulse Polio campaigns. Thanks to the proactive role of PHC (Public Health Centre) teams comprising of 2 VDMC (Village Development Monitoring Committee) representatives, 1 Anganwadi Teacher, 1 active child in the community and a PHC staff, booth coverage which was only 36% was increased to 53%. The table below gives a summary of SAMUHAs major programmes. There is an inter-relationship between all the interventions although not EACH intervention at the same time will have an effect. In each area the needs may be different. For example, in areas where the soil is rich and water is sufficient, there may not be a need for detailed soil analysis and telemetric (satellite) rain assistance. However, when
SAMRAKSHA (Care & Protection)
- HIV/AIDS - Counseling Services - Hospital Outreach - Out-patient Clinics - Home-based Care - Respite Homes - Advocacy - Behaviour Change - Targeted Interventions - Community - Capacitating - Interventions - Training - Networking - Research
Paalugaarike (Partnership)
- Participative Information Processes - Urban Community Consultations - Slum Land Titlements - Basic Amenities Access - Advocacy - Networking
People & Environment

- Peoples Organisations - Micro Credit - Water Shed Development - Sustainable Agriculture
SAMARTHYA (Capacity Building)

- Organisations of PWDs - Community & School Awareness - School Integration - Therapeutic Services - Orthotic Workshops - Skills Training - Thrift & MEDs - Advocacy - Training
In. In. De. (Innovation in Development)

- Remote Sensed Applications for: * Watershed Planning, Monitoring, Assessment * Village Resource Inventory * Service Area Potential CreditLinked Planning - Wireless Telemetric Rain Gauge Stations eTools: * Village Money *-Community Monitoring
Activities
All communities are organized into groups of 20 households each, or by their streets, and the representatives of these come together to form a Village Development Monitoring Committee. Conveners of the VDMCs that come under a Primary Health Centre meet once a month with the Medical Officer, the Cluster Resource Person (CRP) and the Child Development Project Officer, and their teams. MODULE 1: CONCEPT TRAINING; MODULE 2: Red alters: identification, e-data entry, community monitoring; MODUEL 3: Training in the care of pregnant women and new born
crops are insufficient for household needs and income, such an intervention may be welcome. Where people have electronic communication skills, there will be no need for training. But when market information is needed or monitoring of community health matters is paramount, then these skills are necessary.
Sources of Funding
Plan International, DFID (Department for International Development) and Government 73
of Andhra Pradesh, UNICEF (United Nations Childrens Fund), TdH (Terre des Home) (Germany), Consortium of 8 NGOs from Karnataka, NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences), and KSAPS (Karnataka State Aids Prevention Society), Samraksha, Vanita Sahaya Vani (Woman Help Line), FPAI (Family Planning Association of India), KSAPS, Share institute, California, Action Aid, Narendra Foundation, Samarasa (Harmony/ mutual sustainability) Bidar, Felix Gnehm, Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation Sdc, Intercooperation Ic., Postgraduate Course on Developing Countries; Eth Switzerland Nadel: Indo-Swiss Participative Watershed Development Project Karnataka, Ispwdk / Samuha / Munjavu, University of California, San Francisco and SAMUHA - Bangalore, have established the SAMUHA - UCSF (University of California, St. Francisco) Collaborative Research Programme on Gender and Health.
74
Indira Gandhi Pachchayati Raj & Gramin Vikas Sansthan

Contact Data
Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan
Nihal Chand Goel, Director Rajendra Kumar Sharma, Dy. Director Dr. Anita, Professor
J. L. Nehru Marg Jaipur 302 004 Rajasthan Tel : Director Goel :(0141) 2706575 Dr Anita : (0141) 2706577/578 Ext 204 E-mail: igprgvs@datainfosys.net nihalchand_goel@yahoo.co.in profanita@hotmail.com sharma2036@yahoo.com
Dr. Anita

What can be learned from the Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan of Jaipur is that despite recent Western training evaluations to the contrary training itself can bring about change and the change can be initiated and maintained through the process of cascading training. What is also required is a cadre of self-critical, energetic, self-sacrificing trainers willing to be evaluated, willing to learn and willing to make adjustments according to the evidence of evaluations. The evaluations of this training, performed by NGOs, are laudable in the clarity and honesty of the results. Since the 73rd Constitutional assembly, the number of elected representative in the three tiers of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) has increased dramatically. At the grassroots levels in Rajasthan alone the number of elected leaders has been 1,200,000
people women and men. UNICEF has supported streamlining the training system for Capacity Building of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Rajasthan. Training of 33,000 elected Women representatives of PRIs in the State, at 605 block level training camps was held simultaneously throughout Rajasthan in Feb.March02. The cascade model of decentralised training has also been subsequently replicated for trainings of functionaries at block level in respect of Watershed projects. An innovative project on orienting school children of senior-secondary schools, on practical knowledge of Panchayat Raj, was taken up with the support of MoRD, GOI through enactment of Mock-Panchayats, in 2002-03, wherein, 950 school teachers and 3,900,000 school children were oriented. Although the topic is not the same, the process is similar to the one followed in Viet Nam in training children (young pioneers) in childrens rights. 75
The Institute has also recently been recognized as the Centre for Communication and UNICEF through PHED Depts. of Government of Rajasthan.
Brief History
An autonomous organization established by The Government of Rajasthan vide a Cabinet Resolution as an Apex Institute of the State, with a view to develop human resource in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Rural Development Sector. The Institute was registered as a Society in March, 1989 under the Rajasthan Societies Registration Act, 1958. The State Institute of Rural Development (SIRD) was merged with IGPRS by a Cabinet Decision of the State Government in July, 1999
7. To maintain a well-equipped library on PR & RD and Local Government 8. To undertake evaluation studies of various programmes of RD and functioning of Panchayati Raj 9. To collaborate with other institutions, associations and societies in India and abroad interested in similar objectives The institute has a nuclear faculty strength of 16 members, including administrative and academic backgrounds. The areas of expertise available include: Panchayati Raj; Population, Health and RCH; DecentralizedPlanning; Convergence & CommunityMobilization; Rural Development -Watershed Development; Training of Trainers; Rural Employment & Poverty- Alleviation; Human Resource- Development; Financial Management; Gender and Development and Organisational Behaviour & Management.

The Mission of the Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan of Jaipur is Capacity Building for Transformation of the Rural Society for Sustainable Development. Another Goal is Governance training and womens empowerment. However, their main objectives are 1. To train elected-representatives, officials & NGOs connected with Panchayati Raj and Rural Development (PR & RD) 2. To undertake research and studies on PR & RD 3. To promote creative thinking on PR & RD by organizing seminars, workshops and conferences 4. To collect and disseminate information and material on PR & RD and to serve as a clearing house of information on these subjects 5. To prepare, print and publish papers, reference- materials, training modules and books on PR & RD 6. To collect and maintain information on Local Government in rural areas, in India and abroad 76
Current Activities
There is a new project on PRIs and Child Health interface proposed for UNICEF support. This is consistent with previous partnerships with UNICEF. Also, the Institute has recently been recognized as the Centre for Communication and UNICEF through PHED Dept. of GOR. Most interesting are the results of the Training Impact Assessment (TIA) of 2004 which was conducted through NGO partners in 30 Districts, sampling from 70 Blocks and 270 Gram Panchayats. The following were some of the positive findings: Role clarity and Self confidence increased in both women and men. The Mindset of that development = construction was broken. A post training outcome was more focus on education, especially of girl-children Understanding of human development goals was enhanced. Trainees became more pro-active in advocating for health, water, sanitation & electricity coverage.
There was greater gender sensitivity in need-based development planning & practice. Women PRI leaders emerged more articulate and assertive. Initiatives for eradication of social evils were taken. Team synergy increased across elected official partnerships. Efforts were initiated for greater transparency and social audit. Demand for continuous training and resource support has increased. Of course, there were weaknesses identified as well: There was 50-60% turn out in Ward Panch camps. Transfers and promotions caused a problem in maintaining a consistent training cadre. During Ward Panch training, attention was diverted due to the announcement of state assembly elections.
Because it was harvest season, womens attendance was limited due to the added work on the fields. PRI leaders felt that the training was a little late in their tenure (they had been on the job 3.5 years). In spite of every attempt to define the qualities of a good trainer, there were instances of wrong people being chosen to be trained as trainers. Sustainability of resource flow through the pooling of resources from other agencies continues to pose a big challenge.
Sources of Funding
The Central Government of India, the Government of Rajasthan, Swiss Development Cooperation, UNFPA and UNICEF.
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Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR)

Contact Data
Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR)
Neeraj Rajbanshi, Associate Professor Barun Kanjilal, Professor Dhirendra Kumar, Associate Professor Prof. R.S. Goyal, Ph.D.
Campus of the Institute 1, Prabhu Dayal Marg, Sanganer Airport, Jaipur - 302011. Tel: (91-141) 2791431-34 Fax: (91-141) 2792138 E-mail: iihmr@iihmr.org, neeraj@iihmr.org barun@iihmr.org, dhir@iihmr.org rsgoyal@iihmr.org Website: www.iihm.org

The Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR) has been a UNICEF programming partner since 1986 with the Institutes first publication: A Young Child in Rajasthan: A Situation Paper. This was followed by a special lecture series with the support of the then Regional Director who was stationed in India. The first IIHMR training was a two-week course Action Learning for Effective Child Care for state health officers in 1987. The relationship has continued, not limited to Rajasthan, but throughout the country. Some details may be found below. The list of research projects, trainings and consultancies is particularly relevant to all facets of UNICEF work covering as they do health management, analysis of the status 78
of children and women, water supply sand sanitation projects. They are concerned about the IEC that they have found in most health projects so the first year Post Graduate Programme in Health and Hospital Management includes a course on Communication Planning and Management which is very much in line with the UNICEFs approach to communication. It also reflects the influence of the Johns Hopkins University Centre for Communications approach. It includes a major a large emphasis on interpersonal communication, especially counseling. Important also, and very often neglected in communication training, is an emphasis on advocacy. A Womens health resource Centre has recently been established. It provides technical
assistance to partner organisations from Rajasthan and Gujarat on womens health, empowerment and gender. Not well reflected in many of the documents, but certainly was a major part of the interviews held with IIHMR staff is their concern about health economics and all the variables that includes.
Hopkins School of Public Health and the Ministry of Health, Government of Afghanistan to provide technical support to set up a monitoring and evaluation system. The Institute has already set up Health Management Research Institute (HMRI) in Jeddah in joint partnership with Saudi German Group of Hospitals with an objective to develop management research and training capacity in the Middle-east. The Jeddah based Institute will offer a Post Graduate Diploma in Health Management (PGDHM) from the next academic year. In addition to the many papers produced, the Institute published the Journal of Health Management biannually in January and July available at Sage Publications, New Delhi. It is a referred publication. To give the reader a small insight into the range of materials available some other recent publications include: Gupta S.D. Adolescent Reproductive Health in India: Status, Policies, Programs and Issue". Jain P. Nutan and S.D.Gupta. Gender Mainstreaming: A Framework for Collaboration. Jain P. Nutan. Impact of Violence on Womens Mental Health in Rajasthan. Khanna Anoop. Female Infanticide in Rajasthan: History and Practice. Kumar Dhirendra and S.D. Gupta. Adolescents are at risk of HIV/AIDSAIDS in Rajasthan. Ravichandaran N. Building Partnership for Better Education: Transforming the Marginalized. Ravichandran, N. Living life with HIV/AIDSAIDS: Striving Towards Basic R i g h ts . P e n ta g o n P r e s s , 2 0 0 4 . Khanna, Anoop. Disease Patterns among Children (0-6 years) in Jodhpur District. Sadhu Goutam. Users Representation in Rural Water Supply. Sadhu Goutam. Issues in rural Water Supply. Operational Study on Assessment of Local Child Bearing and Child Practices and 79
Brief History
The Institute began modestly in 1984 and expanded with assistance from the family of Shri P. D. Agarwal, and the Transport Corporation of India, Ltd. (TCIL). Through Dr. Ashok Agarwal and other interested parties it was agreed to establish a new institution to explore the issues of health management which had been identified by the World Health organisation in 1977 as a critical element for public health programmes. An expert prepared a project paper, discussed at a halfday workshop in March of that year. It opened in November of 1984.

IIHMR states that its mission is to improve the standard of health through better management of health care and related programmes through management research, training, consultation and institutional networking nationally and globally.
Current Activities
A total range of activities will not be included here. But since the work that the IIHMR is applicable too so much of UNICEFs total programming work, this section will be a bit longer than other sections of the Directory. Luckily, the IIHMR through its network of intellectual partners and cocollaborators is expanding work into other countries. For example they have opened a field office in Afghanistan managed by an IIHMR staff member and working together with the Johns
their Impact on Child Development under ICDS III Project. Reaching Out, Scaling Up SafeMotherhood Initiatives in BDCS in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Facility and Training Needs Assessment Survey of All Health Institutions in Dehradoon and Hardwar Districts of Uttaranchal. Mid-term Evaluation of Mother NGOs under the World Bank Assisted RCH Programme. District Level Household Survey for Reproductive and Child Health Project Round II Phase -2 (Region # 7). Aapni Yojna, Integrated Water Supply, Sanitation and Health Education Programme in Three Districts of Rajasthan.
Sources of Funding
Found here are not strictly speaking all sources of funding but some funding, some collaborating partners. The IIHMR networks with the following institutions: Johns Hopkins University, USA; University of Heidelberg, Germany; University of South Hampton, UK; Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California, USA; Mahidol University , Thailand; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Caroline, USA. Funding has been from the following organisations in the past: UNFPA, WHO, UNICEF, USAID, ILO, Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation and the World Bank.
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Population and Development Education State Resource Centre

Rajasthan Adult Education Association
Contact Data
The lessons learned in the State Resource Centres continuing work in literacy: the way that camps are organised and conducted, as well as their approaches using literacy as a channel to introduce and discuss other burning issues of concern to learners is something that could be a model for other programming sectors to follow. Literacy is seen as one aspect of the entire gamut of activities including in continuing education. That, and the fact that district Information, Education and Communication officers are programming partners , could be a successful model to be used in UNICEF and NGO approaches to development. These literacy activitie4s are not limited to printed materials, but reinforced through mass electronic media, as well. There are linkages with income generation activities, health issues, HIV/AIDS (which experience has shown young women are not reluctant to discuss), school sanitation to name a few.
Population and Development Education State Resource Centre

Satya Deo Barath, Coordinator
7-A, Jhalana Institutional Area Jaipur 302 004 India Tel: (91-141) 2707912; 2700559 Fax: (91-141) 2707464 E-mail: rdc@datainfosys.net
Rajasthan Adult Education Association
Many approaches are being used to motivate potential learners. One of the most interesting approaches is the way that initial rural meetings are organised in order to begin. The first step is to identify in each area the people who are known to be good coordinators. These people are invited to the camps and given training in many aspects of literacy not only skills in reading and writing, but also skills in legal literacy and human rights. Case studies are used as the teaching vehicle. This leads to training in social awareness, what to do about exploitation, etc. They are also introduced to programmes such as the SEWA and Grameen Bank approaches. This group of people can then be used as pre-motivators for helping communities to become more interested in literacy and social programmes. There are now approximately 90,000 continuing education centers and about 40,000 pre-motivators. The State Resource Centre has also been identified by UNICEF to train workers in sanitation and hygiene education. There are now about 80,000 school sanitation and 81
Current Activities
In Rajasthan there are approximately 1.8 million illiterates. The SRC programme for 2005 1006 is to address this problem through literacy continuing education centres at the block level. These centres will act as contact points for, especially, female illiterates. There will be 5,000 literacy camps for 11 months in 11 districts. These will not be residential and will cater to the 15 35 year old age group.
health promotion programmes throughout the state. Because of the positive relationship that research has demonstrated in the work on Human Development Indictors between declining population growth and literacy, the State Resource Centre concentrates many resources on both research into population matters as and programmatic activities. Reaching the 15 to 35 year old age groups, literacy is used as the tool to both give
messages and stimulate learning activities around population issues. Because the Centre is dealing with very traditional societies, conservative methodologies are used. The Centre also had programmes for urban slum populations.
Sources of Funding
Government of Rajasthan and special contributions from programming partners.
82
Rajasthan State Institute of Educational Research and Training (SIERT)

Contact Data
Rajasthan State Institute of Educational Research & Training (SIERT)
Dr. Sharad Chandra Purohit, Director
Tel: Fax: E-mail: (90294) 2560693; 2525217 (90294) 2560693 dirsiert@sancharnet.in
Dr. Sharad Chandra Purohit

By the very nature of its mandate, SIERT is a programming partner for UNICEF. It is currently involved in an ECCD project dealing with care for children up to three. In 1997-98 it developed curricula based on community needs called Jan Sammat Shiksa. It is aimed to provide at least 5 years of education to children 6 14 years of age through training of teachers and providing school buildings and equipment. 90% of this was supported by SIDA and the remaining by the state government. The process of developing this is of particular relevance to UNICEF. Members of the local government (Panchayat Raj) were called together and asked what kind of education there should be for their people. Also interviewed were members of various professions and the teachers themselves. Interestingly, answers from all the groups were remarkably similar. They wanted greater transparency in government (less corruption), more access to health care;
democratic leadership, womens empowerment, an equitable system of justice, honest payment of taxes, crisis management (for droughts and floods) less illegal encroachment of land, emphasis on human rights and peace. Learning was designed in terms of competencies including subject matters, educational activities, the medium of interaction and with regard to the mass media.
Brief History
The State Institute of Educational Research and Training was established in 1978 to improve education in the state of Rajasthan. This was recommended by the Mahrotra Committee. Also recommended was to bring together different state level units that had been functioning at different places under one umbrella. This Institute functions as an academic wing of the Directorates of Elementary and Secondary education in Rajasthan. It also acts as an academic advisor to the Department of Education and to the Ministry of Education in the state. 83

Since 2002 the Institute has been administratively working under the Directorate of Elementary Education. There are nine separate departments: (1)Humanities and Social Science; (2)Science and Maths; (3)Psychological Foundation and Vocational Education; (4)Teacher Education; (5)Educational Planning and Administration; (6)Educational Technology; (7)Educational Research and Extension; (8)Non-formal Education and Education for the Deprived; (9)Curriculum and Evaluation. It also the District Institutes of Education (DIET) in 30 of the 32 districts. (The remaining two will be added shortly). It is at the DIET level that Meena activities have been taking place.
Current Activities
It is participating in the seventh All India School Education Survey, the first having taken place in 1957. These data are used for educational planning. The number of activities dealing with population education, education for the disabled, research, publications, training, fairs and exhibitions are too numerous to include in this summary. However, these activities are continually revised and updated.
Sources of Funding
Core activities are wholly financed by the Government of Rajasthan. However, for special activities donors assist with funding. These include UNICEF, SIDA, as mentioned above and NCERT in New Delhi.
84
Aids Prevention and Control Project, VHS Chennai (APAC)

Contact Data
AIDS Prevention and Control Project, VHS Chennai (APAC)
Dr. P. Krishnamurthy, Project Director Dr. T. Ilan Chezhian, Senior Programme
Manager, Communication T.T.T.I. Post Adyar, Chennai 600-113 Tel: (044) 2254 1965; 2254 1048 Fax: (044) 2254 2018 E-mail: apacvhs@eth.net; apacvhs@vsln.com Website: www.apacvhs.org

This is a well-funded (primarily) USAID supported project that does everything correctly including publishing information about the project which is very useful for anyone interested in well-founded development activities based on evidence from research and implementation of multifaceted communication strategies. UNICEF and many other agencies could benefit from the experience of widely disseminating the processes and the results (positive and negative) of the studies undertaken. Well-funded does not mean extravagant or wasteful. What is means apart from good formative evaluation and monitoring is effort is taken to develop low cost ways of message dissemination through portable stand-alone horizontal banners, tables, tents all of which can be set up and dismantled in record time; moreover, well funded means that communication content can be kept upto-date with the changing needs of participant groups.
APAC is also generous in support of complementary projects implemented by NGOs (such as Mass Action for Social Welfare) where there can be deep and frequent contact with hard-to-reach groups.
Brief History
In 1995 the AIDS Prevention and Control (APAC) project was formed through a tripartite agreement among Voluntary Health Services (VHS) in Chennai, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (donor agency) and Government of India with the primary objective of preventing and controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS through sexual modes. In the past seven plus years of functioning APAC has crossed many milestones and has contributed successfully to the reduction in the spread of the virus.

The specific objectives of the project are to: 1. Develop programs to reduce sexual transmission of the virus. 85
2. Build capacity of NGOs involved in AIDS Prevention activities. 3. Increase access to condoms and quality STD care services. 4. Build political support for AIDS prevention and Care programs. 5. Create awareness on HIV/AIDS, dispel myths and bring positive behavior change toadopt safe sexual practices. APAC is managed by a management committee with the Secretary Health, Government of Tamil Nadu serving as its chairperson. Other members include representatives from the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), TNSACS, USAID and VHS. This committee sets the policies and guides APAC. It meets periodically to review proposals and approve grants to NGOs. The activities of APAC are carried out by a team of professionals
and made aware of the inhibitions and reservations of the participant groups. The counseling involves educating comforting, reassuring and convincing them to change their behavior.
2. Peer Education
Peer education is a non-professional means of education at a small cost wherein culturally sensitive messages are delivered through an individual arising from and successfully working for the benefits of a specific group. A peer educator in STD/HIV/AIDS prevention is a person coming from the same high-risk group and working for the benefits of the same high-risk group, who is well trained and also one who practices the behaviours he/she promotes. Since it is not possible for a handful of NGO staff to counsel on an individual basis, people with leadership and communication skills have been identified among participant groups. They were provided separate training on communication and counseling techniques. In turn, they served as ambassadors carrying the message to their circle of influence. This approach was found very receptive for people were easily accepting one among them as their educator. Each peer educator is allotted about 15 -20 people. The peer education program is monitored considering factors such as: number of individuals referred by the peer educators to the health care facilities, number of condoms supplied by them, number of IEC materials distributed, number of self-help groups formed, number of area visits and anecdotal experiences narrated by them. Refresher training based on the observations made during follow-up visits to participant groups is provided periodically. Over a period of time, new peer educators are inducted into the program relieving the senior educators to pursue other activities. This ensures that the program is sustained.
Current Activities
APACs activities cover the entire spectrum of an HIV/AIDS intervention (and treatment) process. However, in this short space we will report only on the communication activities. The communication goals are to: Increase the demand for treatment of STD Encourage the use of condoms Enhance the perception of risk Counsel the people Generate demand for voluntary counseling and training Remove the stigma and stress on care and support There are two interpersonal communication strategies:
1. Counseling
One-to-one counseling has been found to be very effective by its personal nature. The staff are first sensitized about the issue 86
Sustainability is also ensured by having the community involved with own resources from the beginning stages and working with key people in the community. There is also a strong attempt to bring a branch of interpersonal communication, interactive edutainment to complement the previous mentioned IPC activities and to reinforce mass media messages (see below). The edutainment being used the most is street theatre, a medium chosen on the basis of research.
4. Mass Media
Mass Media are selected based on the preference of participant groups Advertisements on various private television channels during different times of the day are telecast to address the various issues around HIV/AIDS. Lorry drivers have positive messages for people living with HIV/AIDS. A number of programs/jingles are broadcast on the radio to direct messages to the larger audience on condoms, STD, VCTC, Care and Support.
3. Street Plays
In rural areas street plays and folk dramas are highly popular. APAC supported NGOs use this medium very effectively to bring about behaviour change among the groups with whom the work. A state level planning meeting was convened to decide on the contents to be adopted and the agencies to be identified for providing training to NGOs on street play. Following this a special team of NGOs and lyric writers developed the scripts for different topics to be covered in HIV/AIDS. The themes, language, content and background were carefully selected to produce maximum impact among the audience. These plays were standardized for uniformity. Messages are conveyed in both overt and covert form. APAC equips a well-trained trainer to train local volunteers to continue these activities. After the play, NGO staff is available for discussion and follow-up. Institutions involved in providing training street play to NGOs are MASW and CSR.
5. Other Communication Channels

Periodically APAC publishes newsletters highlighting its activities and reporting on activities of global/national interest. They are free. World AIDS Day is a high profile event held each year with a multitude of supporting activities. APAC has established two Infotech centers - one is PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore (the south) the other in the northern part of Tamil Nadu at the Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Center, Madurai. These centers function as nodal points for serving the NGOs, public, infected people by providing books, literature, conducting and coordinating programs.
Sources of Funding
The Voluntary Health Services (VHS), Chennai, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (donor agency) and the Government of India.
87
Bala Mandir Research Foundation

Contact Data
Potential Role in Programmes for Parents and Children
This is not a project. This is a complicated network of inter-related child development activities and projects which have developed over time in response to developing needs of young children. Such a process would be difficult to replicate anywhere else. However, what could be learned from the activities described to us is an interesting variety of innovative approaches to training child caregivers. Combining games, role plays, small group activities the organisers have developed methods that seem to develop sustainable child-rearing behaviours that change parents intentions from raising a good child (perhaps meaning obedient) to raising a happy child. In response to the question: Why Focus on Parenting? the NIP rejected the idea that parenting is a natural process for all human beings therefore no one would ever have problems raisin children. Instead the planners studied what the emerging needs would be when old values and traditions once so straightforward are being challenged and are evolving in the face of emerging forces over which no one has control.
A Network for Information on Parenting (NIP)

Bala Mandir Research Foundation
Maya Gaitonde, Secretariat NIP
8, G.N.Chetty Road, T.Nagar, Chennai 17 Tel: 28214252 Fax: 044-28268441 E-mail: balamandir@vsnl.net
A Network for Information on Parenting (NIP)
comprised of NGOs, ECCD professionals, Education and Research Institutions and the government Department of Social Welfare and Education. Subsequent ones were hosted by UNICEF. The focus of the discussions was the issue of parenting in the current Indian socio-economic scenario.

The Network is a loosely federated democratic body with an enlarged membership. It is a parent body of networking institutions coordinated by a Secretariat an advised by a Core Group. The process of the network is To serve as catalyst to increase awareness, develop materials and identify strategies on issues affecting children; To build bridges and foster networking, working across sectoral divisions and putting people in touch and serving as a communication point; To serve as a sounding board and dialogue with funders and decision makers for policy formulation, programming and implementation; To propagate and support efforts for strengthening capacities and coping abilities of child rearing by parents and communities; creating a positive nurturing environment for all children and
Brief History
The need for a NETWORK on Parenting was defined at a meeting 2 March 1999 during a peer group review of a New Parent Education Tool and a Flipchart in Tamil which came out as a result of the indigenization of the Hincks Dellcrest Centre (Toronto, Canada) Learning through Play Calendar. The Joy of Parenting Programme is based on this. (See below). Sponsored by UNICEF, this work had been undertaken by the Bala Mandir Research Foundation. This meeting was 88
especially from thoseof deprived and unreached communities enhancing culture-specific, developmentally appropriate child rearing practices. To focus on stages of parenting Parental Readiness Planning for Parenthood Celebrating pregnancy Preparing for Safe Motherhood Welcoming the baby Nurturing the infant toddler child
These are based on the Learning through Play Calendar (LTPC) which is essentially a series of developmental milestones with suggestions as to how parents can reinforce the milestones at each stage in the home. The Joy of Parenting Programme is based on the calendar. There are two levels of the Learning through Play Calendar: one for Birth through Three Years and the second Three through Six years. There is also a summary booklet which accompanies and flip chart, both for the Joy of Parenting activities. The acronym SPRUC(E) has been adapted from the acronym SPRUC developed by Judith L. Evans and Ellen Lifeld and has been developed to aid in this. SPRUCE stands for five sub-areas of development common to all the milestones which will become more advanced the older the child grows:
Current Activities
The activities reported are far too many to mention here except in a general way and except those designed for Tsunamiaffected communities. It is useful to give the context of the basis of the greatest number of Bala Mandir activities.
Acronym S P R U C (E) Definition Sense of Self Physical Development Relationship(s) Understanding Communication
Explanation About self and feeling, helping children to develop self-confidence and a sense of identify Learning to control the way the body moves and improving physical skills Development of social skills relating with family, friends and others and helping children feel secure. Learning about the world around and developing intelligence Learning to listen, understand and express thoughts and feelings this connecting with the world.
While the addition of this makes the acronym sound better - it signifies a vital aspect of NIP's agenda and that is to cater to the "Parenting" of the child in different psychosocioeconomic environments.
To date LTPC has been successfully used for parents in different socio-economic backgrounds, institutional care givers including adoption centers, crche and day care workers, health workers and animators in urban slum, rural and tribal community based programmes and for "Parenting" street children, rag pickers and children with drugabuse. There is a Home Visitors Programme for the child below 6 years. This is recorded
through detailed reports by day care workers and parents. This programme is based on the Learning through Play Calendar parenting messages and Guidelines for Inter-acting with Parents. A two year monitoring project Development Assessment and Early Intervention is also being implemented through pre-primary school health programme. A Users Manual for LTPC has been developed and translated into Kannada and Tamil. This is designed for teachers and parents. Supplementary Song Books and 89
Cassettes are being developed. The 3 6 Years LTPC is going to be further indigenised, following the work that was done on the Birth to Three Years Calendar. A User Manual for ECCD and medical professional inclusive of issues relating to children with special needs is also being prepared for LTPC. Flash Cards for Parenting Adolescents also based on the SPRUC (E) outline are in preparation. The LTPC has been adapted for children with special needs and this version with an accompanying Users Kit will be available soon. In the aftermath of the Tsunami Disaster, service organisations which have been working directly in the affected areas have approached Bala Mandir to help in the process of post-traumatic stress relief, provision of livelihood and financial help for adolescents to get back into the educational stream. Activities being discussed are: a. Taking care of the future of children in their distressed family situation through
b. c.
home sponsorship and help for education; Rehabilitation of women in distress due to the disaster and helping them stand on their feet through livehood assistance. Lending expertise in child care for those below six years of age by helping to trainday care workers and child counselors and volunteers working in communities.
Bala Mandir feels that the many years spent rescuing and treating traumatized abandoned children have given them a firm foundation on which to begin this work. They have visited three communities: Pazhaverkadu, 54 miles from Chennai where 31 villages were affected; Kanyakumari District, 10 -15 kilometres form Nagarcoil where Bala Mandir had a Girls Home and Crche; and to 5 of the 35 affected villages in Sirkali Block of Nagapattinam District where the Avvai Service Society is providing relief and services to the Dalit Community. A plan has been made to help in each of these situations.
Sources of Funding
Individuals, NGOs, biand multi-lateral agencies.
90
Educational Multi Media Research Centre, Anna University

Contact Data
Educational Multi Media Research Centre, Anna University
Dr. R. Sreedher, Director (He is
transferring)
Neeraja Prabakar, Programme Executive, All India Radio (She is the UNICEF Contact Person)
Guindy, Chennai E-mail: sreedher@annauniv.edu

Although this Research Center concentrates primarily on develop distance education and virtual learning experiences, what is most applicable to UNICEF-related activities is the systematic way the Centre has approached its community radio station, ANNA FM 90.4 MHz. Having developed their approach though trial and error, they have developed a system of formative evaluation to define what would interest listeners the most and then tested various formats (and content) that hold the listeners interest and spurs the listener to take action. All this on a budget of about US$ 1,000 per month. See below for more about this.
all the courses that are offered through the virtual university. It is not just the videos and CDROMs alone, but also for e-education as well; thus all kinds of content and delivery styles must be adapted to each of the IT formats that the university will be using. It is not only University lecturers who are being served. Due to the connection with the Educational Satellite, many rural schools now have access to electronic learning possibilities. The Centre must meet these needs as well at all levels of school from primary up to university level. Recently, because of the Tsunami, the Centre has become involved with broadcasting to the Andaman and Nichobar Islands, as well. They are studying the role of the media in the Tsunami.
Brief History
The Educational Multi Media Research Centre is one of 17 media centers throughout the country under the University Grants Commission. This centre has been established for 20 years. Originally it was meant to produce classroom AV materials. Now, however, with the opening of the virtual university, the centre produces 24 hours of programme covering

The main object is to provide media support for the educational process at all levels of schooling. This is done with a Director, an 91
assistant and a professional support staff of 15 people in every capacity.
Current Activities
In terms of communication perhaps the most interesting and immediately accessible activity in the interactive community radio station the Centre is developing called ANNA FM 90.4 MHz. It is billed as Indias first campus community radio and it has been planned, tested and revised with community inputs at each stage. It broadcasts for 10 hours a day and determined original content (and continues to determine content) through KAP studies as well as Interaction Workshops and focus group discussions with especially the women in the nearby community. Through a process of experimentation the four-times-a-day format during the week was evolved. Releasing that repetition of key
messages was important in order for them to have an impact on behaviour, the producers originally decided to broadcast the same message four times a day. Research showed that people tuned the messages out, may even have become a little hostile. After experimentation the following schemata was found to be popular: Broadcast Time
09:00 09:10 Next time slot Next time slot Next time slot
Topic
Todays New Topic Yesterdays New Topic Day Before Yesterdays New Topic 3 Days Agos New Topic
Further, there are always the voices of local people on the programme which attracts a large listenership.
Sources of Funding
Government Budget.
92
Nalamdhana
Contact Data
Nalamdhana
Ms, Nithya Balaji, Executive Trustee M. R. Jeevanandham, Project Director
Nalamdhana, Charitable Trust Registered Address: 6 Suryadaya Ave; 4th Seaward Road; Valmiki Nagar, Chennai 600-041; Tel: (91 044) 24425911 Admin: 25, 1st Main Road Ramappamagar; Perungudi, Chennai 600 - 096 Tel: (91 044) 249 60885; 249 60772 Website: www.naladana.org; E-mail: nalam@vsnl.com

Nalamdana, meaning "Are you well?" in Tamil, is an organisation based in Chennai, South India. It uses innovative communication methods to provide knowledge about health to illiterate audiences. Response-driven participatory street theatre, interactive games and puzzles, audio and video cassettes, television films, small group workshops, television serials - Nalamdana explores the full range of communicative possibilities to reach out to people. Nalamdana is a Charitable Trust, an NGO, that addresses many issues relevant to UNICEF programming. They work through a network of district level groups that help to implement programmes. Their work includes HIV/AIDS, water and sanitation programming, life skills development, income generating activities, child labour and other rights-related issues. What could be particularly relevant for UNICEF programme staff and partners to learn are the creative ways Nalamdana has developed
in both training and innovative uses of street theatre. Monitoring and evaluating street theatre is always one of the biggest challenges programmers face. Nalamdana has developed methodologies for pre and post testing content and activities during implementation to ensure objectives are being met. They use edutainment very effectively. Developing fun materials is very much a focus for attention. Field testing is also a priority.
Brief History
Uttara Bharath founded Nalamdana with a seed grant from the Echoing Green Foundation in New York, with the idea of designing innovative communication methods for reach social messages to illiterate audiences. Uttara was looking to use entertaining methods of creating awareness of health issues and of reaching out to audiences. R. Jeevanandam, a graduate from Madurai, and his group of friends were already using street plays to create health awareness in and 93
around Madurai. Since their college days they had done plays on health issues: tuberculosis, general health, HIV AIDS: had worked in truck stops through the nights, creating awareness of safe sex. Their collaboration led to the first street show on "Health and Hygiene" in a Chennai slum in 1994. The response to that first play was so overwhelming that Jeeva and his friends moved permanently from Madurai to Chennai. Nalamdana was registered as a Charitable Trust in 1993 and office was set up by April 1994. Uttara became executive trustee and Nithya Balaji, one of the original trustees, took over from her later in 1996. Jeeva and his core group also joined the Board. Nalamdana's performances are targeted at a semi literate and illiterate audience in rural and urban Tamil Nadu using the stylistic devices that are seen in popular Tami language films. The audience is mixed - on an average about 750 people of ages ranging from 4 to 75, men and women, attend a street play. Since 1993, this creative collaboration has created street plays on a variety of health issues. In ten years, Nalamdana has reached more than half a million people covering more than 50 villages in Tamil Nadu and about 500 inner city slums in Chennai through street theatre. Many more have been reached through other media like Televisiondramas, interactive media and print. Nalamdana's work - play scripts and materials - are tested on the field, among the community where they will be used. A typical Nalamdana show begins and ends with an evaluation. There is a post play interactive session including discussion, arguments, questions and a post-play survey. Nalamdana counselors go back a day or two later to complete the follow up and hold small group discussions about the issues raised in the play. Built on theories of strategic behaviour change communication.

Nalamdana is a non-profit organisation that uses creative, innovative and entertaining behaviour change methods with community participation, to enable people to make betterinformed decisions about their health and their families. Nalamdana uses Tamil-film style drama to inform and provoke discussion on social and health, issues.
Current Activities
(Not included here is staff participation in International Conferences, etc. For that please see the Web site page.) The schedule for 2005 is a full one and demonstrates breadth of Nalamdanas scope of work. Ongoing activities include day-care centre supplementary feeding and adolescent girl group meetings at urban site; Tsunami rehabilitation "Nambikkai" project programmes in Cuddalore, Pondicherry, Nagapattinam and Velankani; HIV/AIDS on going programs at Tambaram Sanatorium for patients, families and caregivers: role plays and monthly drama in the open air theatre.
JUNE
Theatre workshops for World Vision Staff/health workers at Coonoor.
JULY
Role plays and evening theatre programs on HIV/AIDS, T.B. and General health and hygiene at Tambaram Sanatorium. In addition to Project "Nambikkai" Tsunami rehabilitation: further programs in select coastal hamlets.
AUGUST
Maternal and Child Health research project funded by Earthwatch. Volunteer teams in the field to work with Nalamdana team on coastal areas and on going pilot interventions in urban sites. Nalamdana's play "Pudhiya
94
Alaigal" on tsunami rehabilitation issues to be staged in more locations with tie-ups of local NGOs and funders.
locations in peri-urban Chennai. Training workshops for NGO staff on theatre and skills building.
SEPTEMBER
Earthwatch field teams at sites. Plan for IEC workshop for partner organisations. Dissemination of Nalamdana's new training materials on HIV to beheld in October.
DECEMBER
World AIDS week- special programs at project sites and for select organisations. Nalamdana Annual Day: On going programs under various projects continue through the month.
OCTOBER
Ms. Nithya Balaji presents on the Nalamdana model of using participatory communication based on traditional/ culturally appropriate styles to address health issues to invited group of international visitors at Dakshina Chitra. This event is part of the "Partnership Learning week" organised by IPN and World education. Nalamdana's community theatre on HIV/AIDS at performance at Nemmilikuppam fishing village on East Coast Road. Hold the participatory workshop for IEC material dissemination for registered participants from southern states.
Sources of Funding
Sponsors also include I-TECH and Centre for Disease Control- U.S. Community theatre programs for local corporate sponsors, urban and peri-urban Chennai. The cost of tsunami work is shared by partner organisations: Bhoomika Trust, Aseema Trust, MSSRF Tsunami unit, Catholic Relief Services, Standard Chartered and Scope International. There are a great many innovative fund raising activities as well. These may be found on their website
NOVEMBER
On going programs at Chennai: HIV/AIDS projects at Tambaram and community
95
Peoples Union for Civil Liberties Organisational Development & Excellence Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Data
Dr. Suresh is a social activist and an organiser of rights-based activities and consultant to several organisations which work in the area of human rights. He is also a management development consultant. By training he is a lawyer. Apart from that his interest is in good governance in the context of transforming institutions which are mandated to deliver services on very large scales. He has also worked in tribal areas for ten years. His work has been systematised (in this writers view) very clearly in the document which summarised his work post conflict and in peace building among the Naga people. This document is Communitisation and Resurgence of Naga Social Capital: Impact Assessment of Communitisation of Public Institutions and Services in Nagaland in the
Peoples Union for Civil Liberties Organisational Development & Excellence Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Dr. V. Suresh (Advocate)
General Secretary Tel: E-mail: (0091) 44-5245412; 5233639 rightstn@yahoo.com
Sectors of Elementary Education, Grass-root health Services and Electricity Management. The value to UNICEF is the rights-based implications of Dr. Sureshs work. Of course, the context of Dr. Sureshs work is highly culture-specific. But it takes very little imagination to see the direct application of the processes used to many of the political (and therefore communication) situations of UNICEF-assisted programming in South Asia, indeed beyond South Asia to South East Asia and Africa.
96
Song and Drama Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

Contact Data
Song and Drama Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Director
Dr. Vijayaraghavan, Regional Deputy
25 (Old No. 9) 4th Street; Subbaraya Nagar Kodambakkam, Chennai 600-024 Tel: (044) 24880458 Fax: (044) 24880458

The original function of this Division has been to publicize government programmes. The main areas of concern have been the environment, health, community development and anti-terrorism the latter in Andhra Pradesh. Indigenous art forms the division has used include leather and wooden puppets as well as all other art forms found in Tamil Nadu and Andre Pradesh provinces. The Division has been experimenting with ways to use traditional forms to discuss contemporary issues of major concern, such as HIV/AIDS. Teachers were shy about addressing the HIV/AIDS issue(s) but the use of art forms has reduced the reluctance to talk about it. Recently, they played in Tsunami-affected areas to underscore the importance of education, use of safe waters, hygiene, etc. After introducing a topic, they had the children act out the issues in order to reinforce the principles and localize their applications. These became interactive: children with the community. They are now starting to evaluate their work. What was learned in the interview is that this
is a resource that should be utilized by UNICEF programme officers. Being a Government Agency, this organisation may have easier access to certain areas of the country, or large groups that NGOs have. A little training in the principles of using drama to model key behaviours and then following it up with after performance discussions would be an excellent way to utilize a resourceful ally in programmes for women and children. The process this government organization is developing should be monitored to learn how the entire process may be applied in future programmes. It would be especially interesting for countries that have not yet begun to use any form of theatre or traditional media as part of their communication activities.
Brief History
The Chennai regional Center of Song and Drama Division was established in 1980. It covers an area covering two states and one union territory in the southern peninsula.

The core objectives are to inform, educate and entertain the people of Tamil Nadu, 97
Andhra Pradesh and the Union Territory of Pondicherry. A Deputy Director is head of this regional center. Two managers for programming support him; one for the Hyderabad subcenter and one for the Departmental Troupe in Chennai. One of the Departmental Troupes of the Armed Forces Entertainment Wing of the Division is also attached to the Regional Center
Live and Let Live. Its objective was to show the negative affect of ignorance about people (in this case children) who are HIV positive. It was specifically aimed at high school teachers who are reluctant to use the HIV/AIDS lessons in the syllabus. The production combined elements of traditional Indian theatre with the epic style of Bertolt Brecht. To celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the Division a new play Nuvvu Nenu Fifity- Fifity was produced. It speaks to the issues of womens empowerment as well as the issues of child labour and child literacy. There are regular HIV/AIDS awareness campaign performances and participation in the campaign to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (elephantiasis)
Current Activities
This regional center has started to produce Multi Media Dramas using digital technology with computer and film, Digital foil and recording and photographs are used in these dramas to explain the basic themes of the play as well as to create an interesting atmosphere in the course of the dramas development. Power Point and Digital Movies presentations are used. A new multi media dance drama was produced this year Uthirukindra Mottukkal on the theme
Sources of Funding
Government of India.
98
State Resource Center

Contact Data
Dr. R. Rajan,
Director
Ministry of Human Resource Development

State Resource Center
Dr. V. Harikumar, Ministry of Human Resource Development
# 20 First Street, Venatratnam Nagar, Extn Adyar, Chennai 600-020 Tel: (91 044) 24914147; 24416171 Fax: (91 044) 24911922 E-mail: srctn@md3.vsnl.net.in Website: www.src-chennai.com
Asst. Programme Coordinator
Dr. L. Gabriel Stephan, Dr. K. Devaraj,
Head & Programme Coordinator Dept. of Continuing Education Prog. Coordinator and Head Dept. of Population and Development Education
Mrs. V. Anbupriyavathani Dr. V. Anandamoorthy,
Asso. Coordinator Population and Development Education Prog. Coordinator Material and Media Dept.

This is one of several institutions that the Government of India has developed to forward various national objectives though planning based on carefully defined objectives. In this case one of the several mandates of the SRC has been to support the Learning Society objectives a literacy movement which is aimed at three primary groups: (a) 15 35 year olds who want to be literate; (b) school drop outs and (c) those who want to participate in a semi-structured life-long learning programme. Of course, since its inception in 1971, a much larger range of activities has been added to its mandate. Relevant to UNICEF programming are the many channels and approaches that used and the careful and systematic ways communication inputs are developed. As with
all many effective development activities, it is hard to actually separate communication inputs from the other programmatic activities. C o m m u n i c a t i o n o u t p u ts a r e m a n y. Methodologies for developing them are highly sophisticated, yet simple in that they are readily applicable in a wide range of situations.
Brief History
Established on Feb 2nd, 1977 as visualized by the Government of India, the State Resource Centre, Chennai, has been giving resource support to all the activities pertaining to Non-formal, Adult and Continuing Education in Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry. The State Resource Centre has produced hundreds of titles and distributed many thousands of copies and conducted thousands of training Programmes / Workshops / Seminars / Conferences. 99

SRC has been established with the following aims & objectives: 1. To organize training in Non-formal, Adult & Continuing Education with the following categories of personnel: Organizers, Supervisory staff, Field level staff, Curriculum designers, Writers and Extension workers. 2. To devise curricula for specific need of different groups of people in different economic and social environments, through field study and analysis of needs and develop materials for use by the field staff. 3. To assist workers in their fields to develop suitable learning materials for courses they offer and to circulate and / or publish materials which are of general value. 4. To assist field staff in developing curricula relevant to their needs and giving them coherent shape. 5. To conduct action research studies to explore problem areas in the implementation of the programme and finding ways and means to strengthen the ongoing programme and organizing experimental centres to field test innovative inputs. 6. To conduct evaluations, seminars etc., and to devise appropriate methods of evaluation for the different programmes of Non-formal education / Adult Education / Continuing Education according to their goals & objectives. 7. To provide consultancy services to the Government and NGOs in their Nonformal/ Adult / Continuing Education programmes. There are four departments to meet the academic demands from the field: (1) Training & Documentation; (2) Curriculum Development, Material Preparation & Media; (3) Post Literacy and Continuing Education; (4) Population Education. 100
Research and Evaluation form an integral part of the departmental activities. As special activities, programmes for Women/ SC/ ST are also undertaken.
Current Activities
These activities encompass the very large mandate that the State Resource Centre responds to. What this listing does not include is the constant updating and testing of new materials and the broad range of research both formative and evaluative that is undertaken. 1. Preparation of teaching learning materials for Total Literacy Campaigns (TLCs) / Post-Literacy Programmes (PLPs) adopting Improved Pace and Content of Learning (IPCL) technique, and the functionality aspect. The materials are prepared in spoken languages as far as possible. There are also special texts and approaches for Braille users. 2. Preparation of training material, such as teachers guide, teaching aids, audiovisual material and organization of training programmes for adult education staff as well as staff of the District Resource Units (DRUs). 3. Providing all other academic and technical resource support for the Total Literacy Programmes. 4. Preparation of all materials for post-literacy and continuing education. 5. Preparation of material for Mass Programme of Functional Literacy (MPFL) and distribution. 6. Resource support to District Resource Units. 7. Motivation and environment building for Adult Education. 8. Multimedia work including traditional and folk media. 9. Training of people for decentralised management, such as: Orientation of m e m b e r s o f Vi l l a g e E d u c a t i o n Committees, training of youth, sensitization
on Panchayat Raj, Leadership, Women Empowerment etc. 10. Organising special programmes related to literacy. 11. Organising Evaluation and research studies impact evaluation of teachinglearning materials, learners evaluation etc. 12. Product / dissemination of literature on Adult Education.
Kudumba Malar: The periodical, a bimonthly aims at dissemination of information related to Population Education and health. It is distributed free of cost at present. Press Clippings: It is a documentation of News, Articles, Writeups etc., relate to Literacy and Societal Programmes aiming at dissemination of information among the field staff.
Regular periodicals include:

Yetram: The periodical stated in 1977 carries information on literacy activities and current issues (for discussion), in order to create a reading culture among people. The Annual Subscription is Rs. 30/-
Sources of Funding
State Government Budget.
101
Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association

Contact Data
Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association
Executive Director
Mrs. J.P. Saulina Arnold,
SINCE 1971
18 (24) Appadurai Main Street Ayanavaram, Chennai 600-023 E-mail: tnvha@md2.vsnl.net.in Website: www.tnvha.org

The gap which the Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association bridges is a vital one. The TNVHA works among NGOs 635 member groups and 300 + associate member groups - supplying them the communication tools which are frequently in short supply once government institutions have used them. Apart from that, the Association frequently produces materials which it feels should be produced but are not produced by anyone else. Funded largely (44%) through Christian groups in the United Kingdom, the network is an interfaith and secular one. (See below for listing of donors.) NGOs needs are defined at district meetings. A year planner is produced each year stressing new themes. The Association also holds training workshops: a 2 day materials preparation workshop. These materials are also pretested. It has been asked to produce a Master Trainers Guide of issues such a training Anganwadi staff on MCH matters. Research is done in many areas, such as answers to frequently asked questions (about HIV/AIDS, for example). This Association has the potential to be a strong programming partner in many aspects 102
of training and production of communication materials for children and womens issues.
Brief History
TNVHA is a non-profit, secular, registered Association of Voluntary Organisations working for health promotion in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. It was registered under Tamil Nadu Societys Registration Act in 1971. In its 33 years of service, the number of member institutions has grown to over 550 which include Hospitals, Dispensaries and Community-based Organisations.

The goals of the Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association are: To promote a network of organisations working for health promotion. To provide a platform for members to come together, share their experiences and work together. To build the capacity of members. To identify issues and pool resources for campaign lobbying and policy advocacy. To provide relevant and updated information. To liaison with the government.
Although the general administrative structure may be seen in the table below, it may be deceptive. The day-to-day work, that which has the most influence on peoples health, occurs at the District level, which is why the Figure from the web site is so useful in demonstrating this.
Staff hold a series of consultations and workshops. For 2005 the following areas of intervention were identified.
Current Activities
TNVHA uses the following Communication Approaches. Strategies: TNVHA employs five general strategies while addressing health issues: Networking at the district and state levels, Liaison with Government organization, Campaign, Lobbying and Policy Advocacy, Promotion of IEC and Integration of ISM in all its interventions. Its publications are: Newsletter - English Engal Madal - Tamil Newsletter for Health Workers Year Planner, Posters, Booklets and Flashcards Training Modules TNVHA manages the following groups of programme at district levels. Prevention and Control of Anaemia and Malnutrition
General Administrative Structure

STATE LEVEL STRUCTURE State General Body Executive Board Sub Committees State Secretariat DISTRICT LEVEL STRUCTURE District General Body District Cooridination Committee District Faciliation Centres District Resource Centre
The State Secretariat implements the decisions of the Executive Board and coordinates the activities of the Association. It has a team of 16 core staff lead by the Executive Director. Project staff is appointed as and when needed.
Programme Structure at the District Level

Network for Prevention and Control of STD/HIV/AIDS
P Ne Tu rev two be en rk rc tio fo ul n r os of is
Ne tw
DFC DFC
Distri c
o-ordina t tC
DFC
DFC
DISTRICT RESOURCE CENTRE (DRC)
DFC
DFC
N Proetwo m rk Nu otio for trit n o ion f
DFC
for rk h two ing alt Ne nsur ve He E cti hts u od Rig epr and
Available information show that in Tamil Nadu 60% of the women has anaemia, in pregnant women it is nearly 70%. About 25% of the children are born with low weight keeping these in mind, the members of TNVHA have initiated an action research or an experimental study in 10 districts of Tamil Nadu. The district Facilitation Centres coordinate the activities. Through these joint efforts, the members attempt to understand the cause of anaemia or malnutrition and initiate intervention plan to tackle the issue. The impact is measured scientifically. Promotion of Reproductive Health and Rights With the financial assistance from the Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of 103
or k on s Di i ab lit y
ation Co ion
The representatives from each district, the Members of the Executive Board and the
ee mitt
Network for Prevention of Alcoholism
Network for ISM
India, TNVHA has implemented Reproductive Child Health Programmes in 6 districts of Tamil Nadu for the past 3 years. Prevention and Control of HIV / AIDS TNVHA conducts Continuing Medical Education Programme on recent developments and the management on STD Care to all Private Allopathic Medical Practitioners. TNVHA also trains health workers on Prevention and Control of STD/HIV/AIDS. The AIDS Prevention and Control project (APAC) is supporting in this venture. The GOVERNMENT NURSES TRAINING PROGRAMME, part of equipping Health Care Personnel in prevention and control of STD/HIV/AIDS, was training nurses on STD/HIV/AIDS Management. So far 2000 Government Nurses have been trained. This is done with the support of Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society. TNVHA in the past has enabled NGOs to build their capacity and continues to undertake activity to prevent and Control HIV/AIDS. Womens Empowerment Programme The World Health Organisation (WHO) through Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, supported TNVHA to train 24 Master Trainers and 720 village based women animators in 5 districts of Tamil Nadu. The trained personnel with the help of 26 NGOs are creating conducive structures to promote empowerment process among women. The activities for the past three years were focused on promotion of awareness on RCH and creating a demand for services. The focus of intervention during the current year is on campaigning and lobbying on district specific issue. Promotion of Reproductive Health and Rights.
With the financial assistance from the Ministry of Health and Family welfare, TNVHA has implemented Reproductive Child Health programmes in 6 districts of Tamil Nadu for the past 3 years. TNVH has also conducted programmes in Prevention of Disability and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disability, Participation in Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme and Linkages with Resource Agencies to deal with Alcoholism. Tsunami Relief, Recovery and Rehabilitation TNVHA has published a concise yet thorough News Letter Supplement in Tamil and English which is many things: a community workers guide to practical ways of treating and helping those affected; an explanation of what a Tsunami is; a listing of what the effects of such a trauma are on those affected and how to identify the clinical signs. Apart from that TNVHA took direct action as well as mobilised NGOs within its own extended network. It continued its own work in health care but also got involved in building temporary shelters.
Sources of Funding
AIDS Prevention and Control Project (APAC); Christian Aid (CA), Elton John AIDS Foundation (EJAF), Health Related Information Dissemination among Youth (HRIDAY), Tamil Nadu AIDS Initiative (TAI), Voluntary Health Association of India (VHAI), Vo l u n ta r y H e a l t h S e r v i c e s ( V H S ) .
104
Avinashlingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan

Institute of Peoples Education
Contact Data
Avinashlingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan
Institute of Peoples Education Mr. V. Balasubramaniyan, Director N. Gajalakshmi, Programme Officer Mrs. Suriyakala, Programme Officer
Logo of Avinashilingam Logo of J.S.S. Alagesan Road, Coimbatore 641-043 Tel: (0422) 2444333, 2448858 E-mail: sasvp@vsnl.com

This is truly an institute for peoples education. This writer is not sure what the immediate lessons for UNICEF are except as a model of what could and can be done through perseverance: trial and error realising what is working and not working. Inspirational commitment may not be transferable, but it is worth studying in terms of designing education to met students needs. UNICEF can learn or be reinforced about FIVE things from this experience: (1) let projects develop at their own pace; (2) that not achieving original objectives is OK (not failure) and is an opportunity to learn more (monitoring?) and make improvements; (3) base activities on peoples stated needs; (4) and an activity which is its own reward will bring about successful.
UNESCO, the original concept Avinashlingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan was based on a 1965 programme in Yugoslavia designed to alleviate the difficulties of education for the children of poor rural urban migrants. However, the current successful format began as a new institution under the National Education Trust in 1984 only after a series of unsuccessful attempts at various other approaches. In 1984 the population of Coimbatore was about 1 million people of whom 25% lived in about 250 slums. There were 3 industrial complexes and 1 textile mill. The Institute started then with four programmes. There are now 120 programmes covering a large range of occupations: from health care to shop mechanics to crafts artisan. There are now 700 industries which support approximately 4,000 female and male trainees each year, none below the age of 15.
Brief History
Founded by the first Tamil Minister of Education, whose name it bears, and

Based on the concept that only local people understand local problems, there is a 105
minimum staff which is funded by the Government of India, on land and a building originally donated by the Avinashlingam family. There are eight over-all objectives: 1. To enrich the life of neo-literates through education, create awareness to widen knowledge, improve occupational skills through vocational training; 2. To improve the occupational and technical knowledge of the neo-literates and the trainees to raise their efficiency an increase productive ability; 3. To provide academic and technical resource support to zilla saksharata samities in taking up vocational and skill development programmes for neo-literates in both urban and rural areas; 4. To serve as a nodal continuing education center and to coordinate, supervise and monitor 10 15 continuing educational/nodal centers; 5. To organise training and orientation courses for key resource persons, mater trainers on designing, development and implementation of skill development programmes under the scheme of Continuing Education for neo-literates; 6. To organise equivalency programmes through Open Learning Systems; 7. To widen the range of knowledge and understanding of the social, economic and political systems in order to create a critical awareness about the environment; 8. To promote national goals such as secularism, national integration, population and development education, womens equality, protection and conservation of the environment, etc. Whereas the above describes the largely academic and professional objectives, there is an equally important aspect which consumes time, energy and addresses the spiritual side of students lives. This is the new concept mentioned below: Life Enrichment Education. A statement made be found on page 80. 106
Current Activities
The new concept is that students are accepted and complete two week introductory training session that stresses life skills (nutrition, literacy [which continues throughout the year] meditation, self esteem). It has been observed that many young people enter the training programming thinking they dont have a future. However, the objective of the first two weeks is to start bringing out the best in participants, begin to teach the art of living. The art could be meditation, music, writing anything that expands the mind and adds a dimension to their lives that they had not previously considered. Students then are assigned to be apprentices with an industry of their choice (including health care). It has become the practice for these industries to hire the student upon completion of their apprenticeships. The duration of the vocational courses varies from six months to one year based upon the vocational skill. Very interesting was to visit an introductory class of young men and find, for example, that at first they were a little skeptical that the nutrition or meditation would be of any use. But the meditation has helped reduce family tensions (most of the students live with their families) and practicing the nutrition advice makes them feel healthier. The students return to Avinashilingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan and attend theory and life skills training everyday in the Jan Shikshan Sansthan for one and half hours to two hours in the evening. The communication strategy used in getting new students is mainly word-of-mouth, although also radio announcements and brochures are used. Satisfied acceptors motivate their friends to apply.
Sources of Funding
Federal Government Budget
Life Enrichment Education - LEE

Value oriented education, discipline and character building are the major social benefits for an all round development of the trainees. Life Enrichment Education components are an integral part of every course, The Avinashilingarn Jan Shikshan Sansthan has satisfactory cooperation with educational, cultural and social organizations for meeting educational, vocational, social cultural and welfare needs of each target group. The objective of this approach is to make an individual not only capable of engaging in productive economic activity but also responsible citizen and a successful human being. The LEE components include: Personality development, Communication Skills, interpersonal relationship, empowerment, safety, environment, work culture, Self development, self confidence building, knowledge about their day to day living. Health education, Nutrition Education, Population education, Aids awareness, Home nursing, home management, environment sanitation, air pollution, Achievement motivation, Memory power improvement, Power of positive thinking, Value education, Time management, First aid an nursing, Legal awareness, etc.
107
Avinashilingam University
Contact Data
Avinashlingam University
Dr. (Tmt) K. Thangamani, Professor & Dept. Head Home Science Extension Education E-mail: devunity@giasmdol.vsnl.net.in; thangamanis@hotmail.com Dr. K.C. Leelavathy, Professor Home Science Extension Education;
EXTENSION CENTRE FOR WOMEN'S STUDIES DISSEMINATION ADVOCACY
University Logo
TEACHING AND TRAINING RESEARCH
NETWORKING
Center for Women's Studies Logo
Director Center for Womens Studies E-mail: kcleel@yahoo.com; kcleelcws@yahoo.com Tel: (0422) 2440241 Ext 264; 2433408/2440241/2435550 Fax: (091) 0422-2438786; 0422-2433408

The Home Science Extension Education Division is involved with teaching, training, research and organizing activities at the local level for the National Service Scheme, among other (many) ad hoc activities. The Center for Womens Studies is working through its research and hands-on participatory projects primarily with women in surrounding communities. What is most interesting (to this writer) is that in both these organisations their teaching is based on the changing realities of the field situations surrounding them. They also have about 34 villages with which they are in continual contact undertaking participatory research, prioritizing changing needs, helping to mobilise resources, particularly through thrift and credit activities. The objective is to create stability in villages. 108
Brief History
In 1961 62 the Sri Avinashilingam Home Science College introduced Hone Science Extension as one of three elective subjects for the B.Sc. Home Science the other two being Food Production and Agriculture and Sociology. In 1969 70 the Post Graduate Programme was introduced as a branch of specialization in Home Science at the Masters Level leading to the M.Sc. The Home Science Extension Department was established. In 1978 79 The M. Phil. and Ph.D. programmes were added. Today the Department has two full Professors, two Readers, two Selection Grade Lecturers and one Lecturer offering academic courses at different levels and undertaking and coordinating the extension activities by the students and faculty. The Center for Womens Studies is sponsored by the University Grants Commission and
was initiated in August of 2000. It acts as a catalyst for promoting, strengthening and networking in activities related to women in development. It works for the sustainable development of women and to foster better living in the family and community.
To undertake advocacy and outreach programmes concerning women in therural and urban areas; To network with other Universities and Institutions offering Womens Studies.
Current Activities
Teaching is based on the field realities. This helps to develop students attitudes toward service, both among the University students as well as among the 120 plus students they supervise as part of the National Service Scheme. In new communities methodologies such a PLA/PRA are used. Students are taught how to do socio-economic surveys. Self-help thrift and credit programmes are introduced and supported, along the lines of SEWA. All academic and outreach programmes are development communication oriented and aimed at stimulating behaviour change. In addition to the 34c rural communities, 20 slum communities in the Coimbatore City Corporation are being adopted by Institute for post graduates to have ongoing experience working with women at grassroots levels. Both the Institute and the Center for Womens Studies have ongoing training arrangements with all levels of government officials and NGOs. They also train women and youth particularly in the contexts of Voter Awareness, Panchahyatti Raj, Reproductive Health Rights, Nutrition and Health Leadership. Media support is coordinated for the University. A variety of teaching aids have been prepared for community outreach which are suited to the conditions of the communities adopted.

Home Science Extension Education aims at preparing students to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes to work with the communities. This Extension Education is an educational process intended to transfer scientific knowledge to the community to encourage better family living. But it is a twoway process. One the one hand information from educational and research institutions is disseminated to the families. On the other, the practical problems and suggestions are fed back to the educational system for midcourse corrections.
Teaching Home Science Extension Education Research Rural / Urban Families
Feedback
Figure 1
Home Science Extension Education
The objectives of the Womens Center are: To introduce gender perspectives in the curriculum of all possible disciplines offered by the University; To give needed awareness to the students o n w o m e n s s ta t u s , r i g h ts a n d responsibilities; To disseminate findings of research to the community;
Sources of Funding
Government Budget and Special Grants.
109
Shanti Ashram
Contact Data
Shanti Ashram
Dr. Kezevino Aram, Director Dr. S.R.Subramanian Mr. S. Pannerselvam
Shanti Ashram Road Kovaipudur Coimbatore 641-042 Tel: (91) 422 2607806 E-mail: shanti@eth.net Website: www.shantiasram.org

The Shanti Ashram is involved in a wide range of MCH activities in a selected number of communities. The number of communities has expanded since they have undertaken activities in 4 Tsunami-affected communities. In addition, one of its broadest tasks is the training of Panchayat leaders, of whom 30% are women. There are 27 subjects or themes that Panchayat leaders are to implement, based on stated needs, including micro-credit. In terms of immunisation, Shanti Ashram staff have been instrumental in negotiating with local drug manufacturers for a cheaper Hepatitis B vaccine, from R 275 per dose to R 75. Another of the recent challenges has been to create child-friendly Panchayats. The Ashram is also interested in using religious leaders as motivators in rightsbased programming initiatives, as well as establishing dialogue among the various faith communities. The writer is sending the Ashram several UNICEF texts that have been developed along these lines: Child Care in Islam, Buddhism and Christianity. The Ashram has published its own documentation related to Hinduism. 110
Alliances with leaders of faith communities is part of an initiative that UNICEF ROSA undertook prior to 1998. In terms of children and womens rights; the rights of PLHA groups, this continues to be a priority or should be. Alliances with groups such as Shanti Ashram are very important in this regard, not only across India, but across all continents.
Brief History
Shanti Ashram was funded in 1986 by Dr. M. Aram and Dr. Mrs. Minoti Aram based on the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and his vision of Sarvodaya. Since its inception the Ashram has initiated a number of innovative programmes mainly for the holistic development of the people in the 26 service villages. The main feature of the Ashrams activity has been the strong involvement of people in the implementation and monitoring of programmes so as to ensure the relevance and successful execution on a sustainable basis.

The Shanti Ashram lists its objective by project and activity. Please see the next section
Current Activities
Bala Shanti Programme for Children
behaviour and respiratory problems amongst the participating women.
Objectives:
To create a harmonious relationship amongst children, teachers, parents and the community. To provide children with peace education, health care and nutrition as a follow-up to the implementation of the Convention on the Rights Of The Child. To instill good values and lay the spiritual foundation in the lives of the children. To provide a platform for inter-religious, intercultural and inter-caste interaction so that children learn to respect every life.
Panchayat Raj Research and Training Programme

To familiarise the elected representative on the history of Panchayat Raj To familiarise the representative with the provision of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment To expose the provisions of the 1994 Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act and it amendments To u n d e r s ta n d t h e d u t i e s a n d responsibilities of the elected representatives To help the representatives with proper conduct of Panchayat meetings and Gram Sabha To help representatives understand and to participate in micro-level planning To help in the implementation of social audit by the local governance To provide a platform for exchanging experiences.
Community Health Programme

The main areas of work are (1)Provision of health care (which includes the Bala Shanti activities); (2)Rural Sanitation; (3)Conceptualising health education and training; (4)Carrying out community based health research; (5)Inter-sectoral partnerships for health prevention and promotion; (6)Health policy; (7)Documentation, publishing and dissemination of information on health.
Peace and Interfaith Collaboration

It is in conjunction with this movement that two interesting works have been published: What Religious Leaders Can Do about HIV/AIDS in Tamil Nadu: Action for Children and Young People and HIV/AIDS The Human Dimension: Voices from the Hindu World
Environmental; Restoration Programme

To conduct a block wide survey in understanding the current cooking practices of rural women in Perur and Madukkarai and their understanding about its impact on their immediate environment; To create awareness amongst the identified self-help groups women and youth about community led initiative for reduced carbon emission and its impact on the environment; To help promote locally available low cost technologies like smokeless choolahs, solar cookers, biomass gasifiers and solar lanterns; To conduct a prospective health study looking at the changes in the health
Poverty Alleviation Programme

To provide opportunities for employment generation and income through skill development; To map the natural resources of the villages for conservation and effective utilisation; To initiate dialogue with Government officials for getting the benefits of development programmes in the service villages of the Ashram; To bring out publications on Government Welfare schemes for greater outreach; 111
To collaborate with National and International Agencies on human development activities.
Womens Development Programme

Social empowerment Economic empowerment Skills development
the community and identifying where the children who were most affected were. This exercise was carried out in four villages altogether to identify affected children. Village coordination committees were set up and general health camps for 1,000 children were held. The camp carried out immunisation, deworming and iron supplementation.
Youth Leadership Programme

This is developed to enable youth to work for village development.
Sources of Funding and Partnership

UNDP, UNICEF, Government of Tamil Nadu, Government of Nagaland, CAPART, Central Planning Commission of India, Womens Development Corporation of Tamil Nadu, District Planning Board, Coimbatore, Harvard School of Public Health, Gandhigram University, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Health Section of the World Council of Churches, World Conference for Religion & Peace.
Tsunami Rehabilitation Initiative for Children

A team of 14 staff members of Shanti Ashram visited the Tsunami affected villages of Cuddalore district to carry out a participatory rural appraisal exercise (PRA). Both women and men participated in mapping out
112
Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute

Contact Data
Contact Person Mr. B. Arunachalam, Deputy Register
arunachalam_2K4@yahoo.com.sg
University Information
Gandhigram Rural University Gandhigram Rural Institute

Gandhigram, Diwdigul 624302 Tel: (0451) 2454231; 2451776 Cell of Dr. M. P. Boraian: 94439-28939 E-mail: gricc@vsnl.com Website: www.ruraluniv.org
Dr. K. Chellappan, Dir. Dept. of Adult Continuing Education and Extension Dr. R. Solonraman,
Project Officer, Dept. of Adult Continuing Education & Extension
(Ext. Education)
Dr. M. P. Boraian, Reader Dr. M. Kuruvammal, Prof. of Tamil; Dr. K.S. Pushpa,
Head Dept of Tamil
Reader in Home Science; pushma@eth.net
Dr. N.D. Narsi, Reader and Head Dept. of Rural Development selma@eth.net
Building Technican
Mr. T. Sivasuleramanian,

This is a fascinating University in the middle of a large rural setting in meeting required an entire afternoon. Each of the Departments has its roots in the communities within and surrounding Diwdigul District. The Gandhigram Rural University, and to a large extent the Universitys curriculum, is dictated by the needs of the communities. However, the faculty expands and elevates the basic ideas to make the principles used to address the needs more universal: from the specific to the general.
Brief History
The Institute was established in 1947 of at a village named after Mahatma Gandhi by two of his followers, Dr. T.S. Soundram and Dr. G. Ramachandran. Its rural orientation stems from the Firka Development Scheme of 1948 of Tamil Nadu with the focus in the formative stages being on women and children. It consists of three distinct institutions: the Gandhigram Trust, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, and the Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare. The 113
Rural Institute of Higher Education was established in 1956 as part of a national experiment with included 14 other centres. The Institute attained the status of a Deemed University in 1976.
Thus there are three functions: Teaching (Academic Activities), Extension and Research. The Institute conceptualises them in the following diagram:
EDUCATION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT - GRI MODEL

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
Rural Biased Courses Functionally-oriented curriculum Emphasis on Research & Extension Constant review and updating Flexibility Learning by doing Strong Field Orientation
INTERGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT
EXTENSION
Village Placement Programme Subject based extension NGO Linkage Consultancy on development strategies Training to varied Rural Development Functionaries Participatory Technology Development Transfer of Technology
RESEARCH
Pre poor Research Interdisciplinary approach Bilateral & multilateral research studies Action research Participatory research Policy-oriented research Advocacy
This experiment was based on Gandhis concept of NAI TALIM. Mahatma Gandhi had advocated a system of education known by its familiar names basic education and nai talim. Here manual and cerebral skills were in balance; the tools of education were through the use of the hands and the utilisation of local resources, natural and human. There was no undue emphasis on literacy.
There are seven Faculties and 22 Departments at the Gandhigram Rural Institute. There are on campus programmes; distance education programmes and open school programmes. The over-riding goal is to bring Mahatma Gandhis ideas into action. In fact, communication is the backbone of all activities. There is continuous and concurrent work involving continuous feed forward and feed back to and from 120 villages. The University also offers 40 courses to villages some of which will result in a high school diploma.

In keeping with the Gandhian principles of education, the Institute has the following objectives: 1) To provide for instruction and training in branches of learning as will promote a classless and casteless society; 2) To undertake research and help in the advancement and dissemination of knowledge; 3) To function as a centre for extension work leading to integrated rural development. 114
Current Activities
There are such a variety of avenues of study open to students and researchers that are far too numerous to enumerate here. What will be highlighted are those of direct interest to programming for women and children. The Department of Adult Continuing Education and Extension offers many places for person-to-person intervention. They sponsor 60 income generating groups,
stressing micro finance. The underlying idea here is that poverty and violence are inseparable. Therefore, a two-pronged approach is being pursued: income enhancement and conflict resolution within the family and community. They are also training teachers in various forms of theatre: puppetry, street theatre, music and dance. This is part of a lab to land approach where the villages are the classrooms and villagers are the teachers both to university instructors and students alike. This Department is also encouraging Balar Clubs, or childrens assemblies for promoting child rights and at the same time help with personality development. The Department of Extension Education also organises children in BALA SEWA service villages to explore basic values through play and sports while at the same time looking into hygiene practices, nutrition, etc. The Department of Home Science also has child-to-child programmes for a range of interventions: health, nutrition, education. They also participate with NGOs at ICDs preschool noon meal programmes where using government supplied food, managed by the community, they use the meal as an entry point for a large number of health, nutrition and hygiene related activities. The Rural Technology Centre is working with local masons and engineers on costeffective hazard resistant buildings, especially homes. This has become part of the response to the Tsunami Disaster (about which see below). Using hollow blocks made from 5 % cement and 95% red soil as arches, the have been able to build up to ten buildings in ten days. Homes measure 200 square feet consisting of four rooms. The cost is about 150 rupees
per foot totaling 30,000 rupees per home. Part of this research will help students in their studying towards a Bachelors Degree in Habitat. The Rural Development Department has been experimenting in Geo-Infomatics as part of the course leading to a M.Sc. degree Geo-Infomatics. Starting in 2002 this activity uses the India Space Resource Organisation to assist with (i) remote sensing satellite technology. (ii) geographic information systems and (iii) global position systems to generate information about ground level conditions and relay this to Village Resource Centers where they can down information about soil and weather conditions for villages to better plan their agricultural activities. The Tsunami Disaster stimulated faculty members and students from all departments to use skills they had or to learn new skills to help those most affect cope with the realities. As mentioned, students form the Rural Technology Centre went to Kanyakumari District for three days to study the structural damage to houses. Students of the Gandhian Thought and Peace Science and Shanti Sena went to the Kanyakumari District and Nagarcoil regions to counsel children and women through games, small group discussion sessions. They were trained by people from IDARA. Their activities were coordinated by Mdecin sans Frontires. Dr. G. Palanithurai met with Panchayat leaders form Nagapattinam and proposed work with Panchayats for rehabilitation.
Sources of Funding
There are many partners and sources of funding, although the largest share comes from the Government of India.
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Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust

Contact Data
Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust
Dr. Lalitha Kabilan, Director K. Ilango Samual Peter, Senior
Technical Officer District 624-302 Gandhigram Tel: (0451) 2452347; 2452346; Fax: (0451) 2452346 E-mail: girhfwt@sancharnet.in lalithakabilan@sify.com

This is an Institute whose mandate encompasses seven separate training and research institutions. One strength of this Institute is its location: in the midst of a very rural area, where there can be consistent interaction between practitioner trainers/researchers/care givers and the population(s) they serve. They train both government medical staff and extension media officers at the district level as well as NGOs. Another strong mandate is to develop field practice and experimental areas to demonstrate activities carried out through the trainees. One very interesting new role that the Government of India has assigned the Institute to conduct appraisals of NGOs in implementing programmes related to Gender issues, Mobile Clinics, Spacing Method Promotion and how they operate six-bedded hospitals. There will be a small Grant awarded to NGOs who meet the criteria. Since women are the corner stone of the Indian household economy, women in the 116
Institutes service areas have been trained as entrepreneurs. Also offered is a Post Graduate Diploma in Health Promotion & Education whose aim is to plan, implement, evaluate community based Health Education programs at given period of time. It would be exciting to further establish an interactive relationship with this Institution to experiment with innovative strategies in community-based health care as well as community-based communication.
Brief History
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust were established in 1964 with financial support from Ford Foundation, Government of India and Government of Tamil Nadu. The Health and Family Welfare Training Centre at GIRHFWT is one of 47 training centres in the country. It trains Health and Health related functionaries working in Primary Health Centres, Corporations / Municipalities, Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Projects.
The type of training programmes includes Diploma of Health Education of one year and short courses on orientation training, skill training on different Health & Family Welfare issues for various categories of health personnel etc. Gandhigram Institute is also engaged in upgrading the capabilities of ANMs, staff nurses and students of nursing colleges through the Regional Health Teachers Training Institute (RHTTI). The RHTTI also conducts Diploma in Nursing Education & Administration course.
To provide technical guidance and assistance to the HFWTCs in the State allottedto them. To d e v e l o p f i e l d p r a c t i c e a n d demonstration areas to demonstrate activities carried out to the trainees. Trainers of training Institutions such as the HFWTCs, ANM training schools, etc. District level Medical personnel. District level Health personnel. Voluntary organizations. Health and Family Welfare Training Center This Center imparts training to primary health care personnel working at the block, middle and gross root levels in five southern districts of Tamil Nadu. Trainees include M e d i c a l O ff i c e r s a n d P a r a m e d i c a l functionaries working in Government Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Corporation / Municipalities, and also Non-Governmental Organisations (on need based). Regional Health Teachers Training Institute This was established to train public health nurses through post basic nursing educational programs in order to meet the need for nursing tutors and supervisors in the field of community health nursing. Another objective is to provide specific learning experiences for community health nursing students from other schools and colleges of nursing in the country, to meet part of their curriculum requirement. Population Research Centre This Centres objective is to undertake research in health care delivery and training, demographic and population related health effects, evaluation of health programs such MCH&FW, RCH, PPI, FW, etc. to modify strategies of program development and policy formulation. PG Diploma in Health Promotion & Education To plan, implement, and evaluate community based Health Education programs for given periods of time. 117

In addition to classrooms, offices, etc, there is a computer center with 25 computers with necessary accessories, a library with 10,000 books, three hostels and a Guest House with good kitchen facilities The main objective of the Institute is to advance and accelerate health, Reproductive and Child Health and family Welfare Programmes at the state and national level by Conducting research studies in the field of Rural Health, RCH and Family WelfareActivities; Organising training programmes for health, RCH and Family Welfare Programme personnel within the state and personnel from other States; Developing improved health, RCH and Family Welfare Practices. The Institute has seven main components each with a separate training and/or research function. Central Training Institute Central Unit. The objectives are: To plan, conduct, evaluate and follow-up of training programmes for the district level Medical Officers, Key trainers of HFWTCs and District Extension Media O ff i c e r s u n d e r M P H W s c h e m e .
Regional Resource Centre The objectives are: Tr a i n i n g f o r M o t h e r N G O s o n management and finance, networking with Government and Community mobilization; Management assistance through clarification on guidelines of scheme, facilitate monitoring and evaluation of MNGOs programs, facilitate co-ordination with Government, MNGO and Field NGOs; Advocacy and networking assistance between MNGOs and lobby with policy makers and Government; Monitoring and evaluation of the MNGOs f o r p r o v i d i n g c a pa c i t y b u i l d i n g management of NGOs. Collaborative Training Institute The objectives are: To assist the Nodal agency and the state governments in identifying training institutions from the government, corporate/NGO sectors for RCH training. To adopt, translate into local language and print training materials / modules supplied by the Nodal Agency. To provide guidance and advice to state and district authorities in setting up a mechanism for preparing training plans in Integrated Skill Training (IST), and Specialised Skill Training (SST) in RCH at the district and block level. To assist the Nodal agency in reviewing district and state training plans and recommending the same for approval. To conduct specific identified training courses for trainers of RCH at the state level in line with the approved training plans. To assist the nodal agency in establishing proficiency certifying system in defined states. To review the functioning of the training institutions and to assist in determining
the suitability of the identified institutions in conducting the training program. To assist the nodal agency in monitoring the implementation of the training programmes in terms of process, outcome and impact of training. The Institute liaises with the nodal agency, state and district health authorities of the designated states and districts to facilitate this task. It offers a Post graduate diploma in health promotion and education (12 months); a Diploma in nursing education and administration course (10 months); a Promotional course for Auxiliary Nurse Midwifes and Family health Workers (6 months); a certificate course in medical laboratory technology (12 months).
Current Activities
These activities include conducting research studies in the field of RCH, Rural Health and Family Welfare activities; Organising training programs in RCH, Health and Family Welfare programs for personnel from the state and those from other states; developing newer methodologies for implementing reproductive and child health and other health programs. Specifically, in terms of communication there are three activities: (1) To develop and disseminate Information, Education & Communication (IEC) materials to the requirements of central, state Government , area projects and NGOs on Health & Family W e l f a r e t h e m e s ; ( 2 ) To d e v e l o p communication strategy for health & RCH programme implementation; (3) To Improve communication skills of IEC personnel through long and short-term training programs.
Sources of Funding
Government funds and fees charged for training and research.
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World Bank-Assisted Integrated Child Development Services

Communication and Training Center
Contact Data
World Bank-Assisted Integrated Child Development Services
Communication and Training Center Dr. S. Muthiah,
Joint Co-ordinator (Communication) Tharamani Chennai 600 113 Tel: (91 044) 24483771; 24928767 E-mail: s_muthiah_jcc@yahoo.co.in Website: www. wbicds@tn.nic.in

This is a multi-donor project (the Government of India being one of the largest donors, of course) aimed to alleviate mal- and undernutrition in young children, as well as pregnant and lactating women. Although project activities fall under the general rubric of nutrition education in fact all activities are based on the principles of strategic behaviour change communication and include the actual programme activities, training activities and development and production of IEC materials. For that reason each activity is developed according to a process which include social assessments, baseline studies, focus group discussion to define participant groups and media strategies. This project successfully combines coordinating large external resources with internal ones for systematically derived communication activities of all kinds without sacrificing any of the integrity or cutting of corners that sometimes occur is large-scale
projects of this nature. UNICEF can learn communication planning procedures and production methodologies from this project.
Brief History
Nutritional programmes began in Tamil Nadu in 1975 with ICDS in 3 projects covering children 6 months to 6 years and pregnant and nursing mothers providing nutrition, health and pre school interventions. In 1981 the TINP I started with 6 blocks and expanded to 173 blocks in a phased manner. In 1982 the Noon Meal Programme began. In 1989 the TINP II expanded to 318 blocks including the existing services of TINP I. Pre school education was also included for children from 37-60 months. In 1999 the WB ICDS III Project started functioning with additional inputs in service delivery, adolescent girls, training, communication and infrastructure development components. In 2001 the General ICDS and NMP schemes were also brought under at the administrative control of the Project Coordinator, World Bank ICDS III Project. 119

The major goal is to make Tamil Nadu a Malnutrition Free State. The objectives of the World Bank ICDS III Project and General ICDS are: To improve nutrition, Health and psychosocial status of children in 0-6 years of age with particular emphasis on preventing malnutrition less than 3 years to improve child care practices at household levels. To improve nutrition and health status of women particularly pregnant and breast feeding mothers and adolescent girls. To empower women and adolescent girls through increased awareness to take better care of their personal, household, health and nutrition needs. To make the Family the focus as a unit of intervention rather than individuals, thus adopting entire life-cycle approach.
Anganwadi Centres are not feeding centers but a focal point for development of children and women. The communication network and peoples participation in the ICDS project has resulted in reducing severe and moderate malnutrition among children. increasing the child survival. improving the Nutrition and Health status of pregnant and nursing mothers. in creating awareness among adolescent girls in maintaining the Nutrition, Health, Social status. creating awareness on preventing female infanticide and foeticide. Motivating the community in maintenance of Anganwadi centres and providing infrastructure facilities. One of the printed materials includes "Chittukuruvi Sedhi Theriyuma?" the Projects bi-monthly Newsletter which carries updated information on health, nutrition and women empowerment, stories and articles about readers, views success stories received from the Anganwadi workers. The Newsletter is distributed to all the 42000 Anganwadi centers. The Field Workers Manual is a guide book for all level Project functionaries. The Book is of 280 pages containing 32 chapters pertaining to Nutrition, Health, Growth monitoring, Supplementary feeding, Immunisation, FREQI, Micro nutrient Deficiency, Social Marketing Techniques, community Participation and all about the Project activities. It also contains chapters on activities of Anganwadi centre and the duties and responsibilities of Anganwadi workers and convergence of services. Feedback received from field functionaries reveal that the manual is very useful and serve as a ready reference book while
Current Activities
People's participation in ICDS has lead to the successful implementation of the Programme. It has created awareness and stimulated people to demand ICDS services. This demand has increased the utilization of services and has lead to attitudinal changes in child caring practices at home. People have donated time and goods toward the child care services as well for example donation of lands/sites for construction of Anganwadi centres and Child Development Project Offices in Erode, Salem, Coimbatore and Madurai districts by community either individually or collectively. In Salem District land and building construction for one Anganwadi centre was provided by the local community. Corporate Sectors have also played significant role in the construction of Anganwadi centers. In Chennai District, Lufthansa Airlines and Saint Gobain Glassware Company have constructed five centers worth many thousands of rupees. 120
discharging their services. It also serves as a background material for core trainers to handle the training sessions for frontline workers and Community Groups. Other IEC Materials that have been produced are Towards a Malnutrition-Free Tami Nadu Ensuring Your Pre-pregnancy Weight is 45 kg. Nutrition for Adolescent Girls Prevention of Anaemia through Iron Rich food The Project has also designed a mobile exhibition kit containing eight corrugated boards highlighting eight project messages. This mobile kit can very well be carried to interior villages without any problem. Messages are highlighted with relevant photographs. The kit is supplied with a PVC Carry bag. The kits are supplied up to the supervisory level. The eight messages are: 1. Let us make Tamil Nadu a Malnutritionfree State - Photo 2. Prevention of Anaemia among Adolescent Girls - Photo 3. Right age at marriage - Photo 4. Ensure Pre-pregnancy Weight To Be 42 kg. - Photo 5. Importance of Institutional Delivery - Photo 6. Importance of Colostrum and Early initiation of Breast Feeding - Photo 7. Importance of Complementary Food along with breast feeding - Photo 8. Importance of Nutrition for brain development among children below 3 years - Photo Stickers on the following three themes have been produced by the World Bank assisted
ICDS III Project and supplied up to the Anganwadi Centre level. The stickers may be pasted upon the doors/ walls of any vital places in the village. A) Importance of Pre-Schooling- Photo B) Gender equality- Photo C) Ideal age at marriage Light weight Corrugated Display Boards have been designed and produced on two themes. This has been supplied up to the Anganwadi Centre level. The Display Boards may be hung within the AWC and also may be displayed during meetings, trainings and exhibitions. A set of Counseling Cards is an effective tool for grass root level field functionaries to counsel mothers, caregivers during house visits and individual contacts. The set contains 15 cards with pictures and messages on at risk mothers and children. The worker will have to identify the problem in a particular family and will give counseling by using the relevant card in the set for the remedial measure to be taken immediately. A Square Hanger carrying messages on a) Vitamin 'A' and b) Iodised salt has been produced and distributed to all Anganwadi Centres, emphasizing the importance of Vitamin 'A' enriched food and use of iodised salt.
Sources of Funding
Government of India, the World Bank and Government of Tamil Nadu.
121
Mass Action for Social Welfare

Resource and Training Center
Contact Data
Mass Action for Social Welfare
Resource and Training Center Mr. S. Ayyankulai, Director
C-116 Kamarajar Street, 6th Stop , Thiru Nagar, Madurai 625-006 Tel: 0452 2487255; 5541358; Mobile: 0452 31059863; 9344105963 E-mail: masw_pvo@rediffmail.com masw_india@reddiffmail.com Website: www.maswindia.org

This organisation develops scripts about contemporary social issues particularly HIV/AIDS and trains street theatre troupes on how to present the plays and how to make them interactive. So far they have trained 127 street theatre and traditional media troupes to work in 12 district of Tamil Nadu. They have three resource and training centers. They work with traditional media troupes to adapt the standard scripts to comply with the conventions of whatever traditional medium the troupe is working in. They are partially funded by APAC, but also get funds from the District Administration. Communities where they perform also contribute to the performances in kind. They monitor their presentations with after the performance questions and next day questions. (There is guidance here from APAC.) Performers reinforce the presentations with IEC materials distributed through periodic re-visits. If communities have many questions, they will return with another play, based on their questions. Each month new scripts will be developed according to focus group discussions. 122
The interactive methodologies for developing street theatre programmes and the various monitoring mechanisms used would be, should be of great use as models for UNICEF programming partners both in India as well as in other South Asian countries.
Brief History
Since folk media are considered one of the best vehicles to get a message across villages, the AIDS Prevention and Control Project (APAC) and the Voluntary Health Service (VHS) chose the city-based Mass Action for Social Welfare (MASW) as a regional resource and training centre for `traditional media on STD/HIV/AIDS'. This NGO, recognised as one of the three centres of excellence in the State by the APAC and the VHS, was entrusted with the task of strengthening the street theatre movement and folk medium. The focus of MASW, says S. Ayyankalai, project director, is on helping NGOs and other organisations strengthen their built-in communication skills as a source of education towards attitudinal and behaviour changes and on increasing safe sexual practices among the target community. The MASW
also provides free training and material support for interested institutions.

1. To help participants to acquire skills in (a)troupe formation, (b)building and troupe facilitation, (c)developing scripts and s o n g s , ( d ) p e o p l e s m o b i l i s a t i o n techniques, (e)establishing rapport, (f)performing skills, (g)feedback and post evaluation study and (h)documentation; 2. To strengthen the competencies of the trainers; 3. To help trainees analyse themselves and develop appropriate attitudes and values to function as trainers; 4. To enhance understanding and skills in using new and innovative methods and training aids; 5. To help participants assimilate training methodologies and develop skills in designing, conducting and evaluating street theatre and folk media training and performances.
are three resource and training centers, of which MASW is one. They work with traditional media troupes to adapt the standard scripts to comply with the conventions of whatever traditional medium the troupe is working in. They monitor their presentations with after the performance questions and next day questions. (There is guidance here from APAC.) Performers reinforce the presentations with IEC materials distributed through periodic re-visits. If communities have many questions, they will return with another play, based on their questions. Each month new scripts will be developed according to focus group discussions. They average about one performance a week. The interactive methodologies for developing street theatre programmes and the various monitoring mechanisms used would be, should be of great use as models for UNICEF programming partners both in India as well as in other South Asian countries. The NGO has come out with its first publication, `Kelungalen Kelungalen', which contains 14 street plays and 28 folk songs on HIV/AIDS.
Current Activities
This organisation develops scripts about contemporary social issues particularly HIV/AIDS and trains street theatre troupes on how to present the plays and how to make them interactive. So far they have trained 127 street theatre and traditional media troupes to work in 12 district of Tamil Nadu. There
Sources of Funding
They are partially funded by APAC, but also get funds from the District Administration. Communities where they perform also contribute to the performances in kind.
123
NEPAL
Location State & City Kathmandu Name of Institution and People Responsible Communication Corner Network of FM Radio Stations Gopal Guragain, Director (MS) NEPAL Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association for International Development Binay Dhital, Information Advocacy Officer Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) Arjun Dhakal, Programme Coordinator World View Nepal Raju Dahal, Senior Programme Officer National Health Education and Communication Center: Radio Ministry of Health, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) Nepal Family Health Program Caroline Jacoby, Program Officer - Nepal, Bangladesh Page 127 130
132 135 137
Communication Corner Network of FM Radio Stations

Contact Data
Communication Corner Network of FM Radio Stations
Gopal Guragain, Director
P.O. Box 6469, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: (977-1) -5549357/5551716 Fax: (977-1)-5546277 E-mail: ggopal@mail.com.np info@comconnepal.com Website: www.comconnepal.com
Gopal Guragain

The most relevant aspect of the work of the Communication Corner would be to share their experience in the systematic development and production of edutainment (or enter-educate) radio programmes (and perhaps television programmes). Having worked as the creative and production wing, under the guidance of the Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP), the Communication Corner staff are well-grounded in the development of Behaviour Change Communication inputs. Where in Nepal or in other countries, they would be able to guide professionals as well as programme staff in the production of communication inputs to meet very specific objectives.
Further, the Government was suspicious of its intention to mobilise the participation of rural communities through more than 200 listener clubs and to make local FM radio more responsible towards the poor and m i n o r i t y g r o u p s . H o w e v e r, T h e Communication Corner has protested and taken legal steps to plead its case. Be that as it may, that it has continued to produce and broadcast programmes for social development through the use of edutainment programmes aimed at enhancing the health status of women and children.

The main objective of the Corner is to mainstream communities in national development attempts and democratization process by providing technical know-how, research services, radio programme production training and media consultancy to community establishments and governmental and non-governmental organizations. The Communication Center is affiliated with a network of FM radio stations which are linked to via the satellite via VSAT. The original plan was to link the stations together through the internet, but the bandwidth within Nepal was too narrow. Now small desk antennae 127
Brief History
It has not been easy recently for The Communication Corner. Formally registered in 1998 to produce and distribute news and current affairs-based programmes to 14 FM radio stations around the country using satellite technology, it has been subjected to an extreme curtailment of its activities since the Nepal Government forbid the broadcasting of news by any of the electronic media.
are provided to each FM station. It has equipped members of its FM Radio Network with computerised digital audio equipment. Most of these stations operate 10 to 14 hours a day although some operate for 24 hours. The Center supplies 1 hour and 40 minutes of Nepali language materials for programming, approximately a half hour of material per day. For the rest of the broadcasting day, the FM stations produce materials for their own programs. The programme formats are diverse: from radio news bulletins to magazine formats, Public Service Announcement spots, serials and mini dramas. The target groups of these productions varies from urban elite to the rural poor; to remote areas such as Kamaiya to the youth of the country. The intention has been to produce radio programmes focused on public concerns issues from human rights to day to day development activities of the common people. Originally a news package was beamed every morning and heard simultaneously in Butwal, Hetauda, Pokhara, Itahari, Palpa and Kathmandu Besides news, a half-hour programme called Alopalo and Radio Ma Pustak and 15-minute KayaKairan were aired on member stations. The member stations pay for the daily KayaKairan, but get the two additional programmes for free on the understanding that they exchange their own productions with other members. At this writing staff strength is as follows: directly with the Communication Corner, 22 employees. But at the affiliated stations, staff strength varies: at Kalika FM, Bharatpur: 30 employees; at Saptakoshi FM, Sunsari, 25 employees and in Pokhara FM, 15 employees.
Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) through the USAID funded Nepal Family Health Program's BCC Team, The Communication Corner has written and produced provided ideas and scripts for the 52-episode radio Drama Serial (DS) Gyan Nai Shakti Ho ('Knowledge is Power') for the general public. The aim of the radio drama is aims to promote key behaviors related to Family Planning and Maternal and Child Health in Nepal. Ghanti Heri Haad Nilaun ('Cut your Coat According to your Cloth') was subsequently launched. This series includes messages about safe motherhood, danger signs of pregnancy and family planning among other topics Within the 52 episodes of both series there are 48 drama sequences and 4 episodes for recapping, comments and opinions. Communication Corner works in collaboration with Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Team of the Nepal Family Health Program, which also helps in the monitoring and evaluation or programmes. The process from inception to broadcast is as follows. A three five day Design Document workshop is held under the leadership of NHEICC with technical support from the NFHP BCC Team among key stakeholders to discuss identify technical content and communication objectives of each of the 52 episodes of the drama serial. This is followed by a 3 day technical review workshop to finalize the content. After the Design Document is approved by key stakeholders, script writers use it as a blue print for writing the episodes in order to ensure technical accuracy of the episodes. The scripts are reviewed by the Script Review Committee which is comprised of experts from Department of Health Services/MoHP. Scripts are pre tested and after finalization, Communication Corner : which and how many messages to include in the 52 episodes. Once this is decided, scripts are developed by the Communication Corner, specifically Gopal Guragain. These and support materials are then submitted to the Johns Hopkins University staff at the BCC unit for field testing and comments. The
Current Activities
The main activity at this writing is producing the scripts for radio drama serial Gyan Nai Shakti Ho broadcasted by or Nepals Ministry of Health and Population/National Health Education and Information Center. With technical assistance from Support by the 128
scripts and materials are then revised and the Communication Corner produces the episodes. The Drama Serial is aired nationally through Radio Nepal as a Ministry of Health and Population program and airs them.
Sources of Funding and Support

United States Agency for International Development, Nepal Nepal Family Health Program Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP)
The Media Development Fund (Prague) Panos Institute South Asia Communications UNDP/Equal Access/ World Space satellite channel The British Council. United States Agency for International Development, Nepal Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP)
129
(MS) Nepal
Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association for International Development

Contact Data
(MS) Nepal
Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association for International Development Nina Ellinger, Director Binay Dhital, Information Advocacy Officer
MS Nepal, PO Box 4010 Gyanaeshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: (977-1) 443111 Fax: (977-1) 4433651 E-mail: msnepal@mos.com.np Website: www.msnepal.org
Binay Dhital

The result of the activities in the areas of equitable land ownership, work among the Dalit groups, peace, conflict resolution and reconciliation and especially in the use of the Forum Theatre (street theatre) technique would be relevant to UNICEF country programming. Especially interesting is the participatory nature of the Forum Theatre technique, which can be used for all groups: children through adults, and sometimes in combined groups.
publications and seminars. Moreover, its volunteers are selected according to needs of the government, community groups and NGOs in Nepal. It revised its 1999 2005 five year plan to be an interim one to be able to respond to the ever-changing political situation in country.

MSs states objective is to improve the lives of the poor and disadvantaged through the formation of self-help groups. MS Nepal works through 32 local partners in 5 regions and 10 districts. Its Danish development workers may be engaged for short term work (6 months to a year) or long term, 2 10 years. The workers, who range in age from 28 to 60, live in the communities where their projects are located. There are 4 programme officers in Kathmandu that are responsible for each region.
Brief History
Established in 1986, MS Nepal is primarily the administering organisation for Danish Volunteers, similar to Great Britains VSO, Canadas CUSO or the United States Peace Corps. Uniquely, however, MS Nepal purposefully shares its experiences to the larger development community through 130
Current Activities
In general MS Nepal focuses on issues such as poverty alleviation, farmers rights, rights of the disabled, and the strengthening of civil society in monitoring of the Millennium Development Goals. More specifically there are activities in Intercultural Cooperation - in a Nepali context, Conflict Management and Preparedness (about which more below); work with the Disabled Human Rights Centre (DHRC); Education Journalists' Group (EJG) which involves stakeholders in providing quality education for children. The emphasis is on accountability and transparency of government to the public though information and advocacy; Samuhik Abhiyan (SA) to work with poverty focus in rural communities though a national / local volunteer programme; Nepal Forum for Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) as part of activities to establish and strengthen the Nepali NGO and CBO network with a media campaign to enhance capacity to participate in RIO+10; Samuhik Abhiyan (SA) to work with poverty focus in rural communities though a national / local volunteer programme. However the most interesting for UNICEF programme interests, is the Aarohan Theatre Group. Based on a Forum Theatre approach it is part of the Conflict Management
and Preparedness activities with the objective of raising issues of social justice through theatre objective of raising issues. A long term volunteer trained the Aarohan Theatre Group as well as several community theatre groups in a street theatre approach to conflict resolution. This approach uses the community to advance the plot and to analyse why and how conflicts arise and can be avoided. The situations presented are mainly community and domestic conflicts, some particularly powerful ones are those that involve caste conflicts and how to resolve them. Apart from that MS Nepal publishes a Newsletter in Nepali and English for MS Nepal partners, a news magazine Ekchhin whose thematic issues vary; in 2004 there were two issues of the Kurakani wall newspaper. In addition the following publications were issued: Toolkit on Intercultural Cooperation (published first quarter 2005) Illustrated manual on Intercultural Cooperation for partners Radio Listeners survey of MS radio partners and all community radios in Nepal
Sources of Funding
Danida is the major funding source.
131
The Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ)

Contact Data
Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ)
Arjun Dhakal, Programme Coordinator Sustainability Watch Project
Post Box 5143, Kathmandu Tel: (977-1) 4260248 Fax: (977-1) 4261191 E-mail: nefej@mos.com.np Website: www.nefej.org.np
Arjun Dhakal

The Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists has great potential in four areas of consultancies and training. The first is being able to summarise complex environmental issues into easily understandable and actionable activities that media personnel and community groups can apply in their daily surroundings. This is a highly specialised skill. The second is in training media personnel in how to report complex environmental issues. The third is in establishing and organizing community radio stations and training staff to operate them. This would especially apply to countries which do not yet have the tradition or experience of community radio. The fourth is in organizing and empowering community groups of all ages to participate in activities to address the pressing environmental issues of the time. Their greatest strength may be in working with youth. 132
Brief History
The Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) was founded in 1986 with ESCAP support by a group of ten members with media backgrounds and 30 experts from different technical backgrounds. The Forum presently has 77 journalists as full members who represent all leading dailies and weeklies and the electronic media. It has 22 members as associate members. A democratically elected executive committee governs NEFEJ. The Annual General Meeting (AGM) is the supreme policy-making body, which elects the executive body for a year.

The Forum's activities can be broadly classified into four areas: Public Information Program Advocacy / Lobbying Promotion of Environmental Journalism Environmental Media Resource Center NEFEJ is a membership organization. Nepal journalists, either working in print, radio or TV, are awarded full membership. Nepali
experts or others who are involved in environmental conservation can become associate members of the Forum. In general, with a multi-media approach, it seeks to sensitize journalists, politicians, policy - and decision-makers, opinion leaders, as well as the general public, to environmental and development issues.
3.
Current Activities
NEFEJ coordinates a network of 195 NGOs with the help of 55 topic specific specialists and including the above - supports a total of 294 NGOs in programming on a wide range of development issues. Since 1996 The Forum has operated a radio station, Radio Sagarmatha, which broadcasts 18 hours a day, from 05:00 to 23:00 hours. The Community Radio Support Center supports and advises 19 community radio stations. The Center helps in licensing, training (see below) production and supplies. NEFEJ produces a 30 minute television programme Aankijhyal, which is aired on Nepal television. There is a resource center to exchange television programmes and mobile teams to distribute videos to community groups. NEFEJ undertakes programs effecting activities which result in positive changes in the environmental field and other social areas. This includes publications, consultancies, as well as conducting training and workshops. For example, recent issue-centered trainings have been: 1. Community Radio which included training in Digital Editing; Program Production; Radio Magazine; Radio Journalism; Radio Management as well as the role of community radio in conflict management. 2. Millennium Development Goals (Poverty, health, water and sanitation, forestry, energy, foreign aid, trade) and sustainable development. This included training on Needs Assessment: Resource Costing and Information Requirement; Media 4.
5.
6.
7.
communication for the disadvantaged; Empowerment training for doing advocacy for development in Nepal as well as for calamities; the MDGs and Nepal: the Role of Civil society and media; and the Ongoing Nepal Development Forum meeting: what is needed for Nepal. Forestry: How to work in the 40% of land in Community forestry; Management of Protected Areas by a non-government approach; the implications of increased temperature and Nepals Forest. Biodiversity: The conditions and conservation of Dolphins: reasons for wildlife farming; the condition of Wildlife conservation in Nepal and the relevance of wildlife week; the illegal trade of wildlife in Nepal. Law and Legislation: The proposed Elephant Domestication Management Plan - 2060; The WTO and Environment Conservation in Nepal; the achievements of the world conferences in Sustainable Development and Nepals relation to it; the Santiago Conference related to CITES; the role of Nepal in the Santiago a n d Va l e n c i a C o n f e r e n c e s ; t h e Convention of Biodiversity: the 7th conference its affect on Nepal. Land and Resource Management: The role of media in Sustainable Land Management; Our Hills, Our Village and Landslide. Health: The cries of the arsenic affected; the quality of food supplied by national and international organizations; pesticides - poison to students; medical waste issues and challenges.
Recent technical workshops include: 1. Digital Audio Editing training: Basics of digital editing 2. Sustainable Development radio Training 3. Media Communication Training for disadvantaged communities 4. Empowerment Training for advocacy of sustainable development 5. Mid Decade Goals needs assessment: Resource Costing and Information Requirements 133
6. Understanding Environment and Sustainability for South Asian Television professionals 7. Radio Journalism training for Peace 8. Basic Radio Production Training 9. Forestry Journalism Training 10. Management Training for station managers 11. In house training for Different stations: Palung FM, Bijaya FM, Solu FM, Radio Very Awaj 12. Radio magazine Production Training There is a monthly magazine, Hakahari which recently included issues such as environmental justice, arsenic, pesticide and climate change. NEFEJ is also a member of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), Asia Pacific Forum of Environmental Journalists (AFEJ) and founder member of International Federation of Environmental Journalists
(IFEJ). With a multimedia approach, it seeks to sensitize journalists, politicians, policy and decision-makers, opinion leaders as well as the general public, to environmental and development issues.
Sources of Funding
Income is derived from grants and donations (see below) as well as from services provided, the sales of books and other publications, as well as audio visual materials. There are a number of funding sources; the main ones include NEFEJ itself (interest from a Trust Fund and other Funds), the Free Voice of Netherlands, DANIDA, Radio Sagarmatha, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environmental Programme, The Sustainable Development Society, TVE Asia Pacific, UN Habitat, the Magic Eye and the Nepal Swiss Community Forest Project.
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World View Nepal

Contact Data
World View Nepal
Raju Dahal, Senior Programme Officer P.O. Box 2912 Kathmandu Tel: 977-1-5553565 Website: www.worldview.org.np
Raju Dahal

Worldview International is part of a network of country offices, with a headquarters in Norway, which historically has been able to bring very innovative and systematic communication approaches to wide variety of development programmes. It can call upon a large pool of international resources to assist in local programming: fresh ideas and approaches.
the first public broadcasting station in Nepal, Radio Sagarmatha, and is credited with helping several community based groups establish a series of Community Audio Towers (CATs) in various parts of Nepal.

To implement communication projects that focus on social mobilisation, mass media and grassroots communication, while using a wide range of communication processes and technology for development. There is a small office staff, headed by a Director.
Brief History
Worldview International Foundation/ Nepal (WIF/N) an affiliate of Worldview International Foundation, was established in 1981. WIF/N had an agreement with the Ministry of Communications to implement communication activities on developmental, educational, cultural and information matters. It registered as a non-governmental organization established in with the objective of playing a participatory role in the sustainable development of Nepal. One of WIF/Ns major contributions has been in training and building capacity of the Television workforce. Worldview Nepal was a member of the consortium that promoted
Current Activities
Educating Change Agents and the Public on Human Rights. This 3 year (2004-2007) project aims to achieve increased knowledge on Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), International Humanitarian Law (IHL), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), teachers, school children and the residents of remote regions. They are being reached through social mobilization 135
and a mixed media campaign. Innovative tools like national level advocacy workshops, inter-school competitions, and national drama competitions amongst youth clubs are also used. Education and Advocacy on Sustainable Elimination of Bonded Labor, 20022005. The primary goal of this project is to educate and advocate against bonded labour amongst local and national groups. The major target groups are former Kamaiyas, with special focus on children, agricultural workers, landowners, employers, governmental authorities and the media at national, regional and district levels. This program designs produces and disseminates audio spots and radio programs, booklets, calendars, videos, street dramas and wall newspapers for public education and social mobilization. Steps to Peace and Development, 20022003. Worldview held workshops to find answers and solutions to the conflict, and take action at the individual level to bring the country closer to peace. Such diverse groups as internally displaced persons, children affected by violence, media, NGOs, INGOs, Government authorities, indigenous ethnic groups, and members of civil society took part in the workshop. Media reporters from
over a dozen districts of the mid and far western region were trained by media experts on how to disseminate information in a balanced manner. Previously, WIF/N has collaborated with UNICEF in EPI social marketing; Child Survival activities: ORT, Sanitation; prevention of night blindness; Communication support to the Small Farmers Development Programme by providing training to establish an audio visual unit at the Bank to record small farmers success stories.
Sources of Funding
Specific project or activities funding depends very much on the nature of the activity being undertaken. The basic funding is though Worldview International Foundation /NORAD. However, the list of Collaborating Partners is comprehensive, including UNICEF, UNDP, ILO, the European Union, Family Health International, Agricultural Development Bank/Nepal, Asian Development Bank, Canadian CIDA, CIDR France, FAO, The Frederick Naumann Foundation, ICIMOD, IFAD, Nepal Press Institute, Press Council of Nepal, Stromme Memorial Foundation, Swedish Refuge project, YA*TV.
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National Health Education and Communication Center: Radio
Ministry of Health, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) Nepal Family Health Program
Contact Data
Caroline Jacoby,
Program Officer - Nepal, Bangladesh
National Health Education and Communication Center: Radio
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs E-mail: cjacoby@jhuccp.org Website: www.jhuccp.org/asia/nepal/nfhp.shtml
Ministry of Health, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) Nepal Family Health Program Dr. Steve Hodgins, Chief of party Savita Acharya, BCC Team Leader
Behavior Change Communication Unit P.O. Box 1600, Sanepa, Lalitpur Kathmandu, Nepal Tel.: (977-1) - 5522078 5549292, 5524313, 5526609 Fax: (977-1)-5526608 E-mail: Dr. Steve: shodgins@nfhp.org.np Savita: Sacharya@nfhp.org.np Website: www.jhuccp.org/asia/nepal/nfhp.shtml

The experiences of this organisation, and the group of people associated with it, will benefit any programme which needs strategic communication inputs. Because the results of every aspect of the project have been widely reviewed and published, there is no need for the procedures and methodologies used to be further proven in Nepal. However, programmers in all organisations government, non government, bi and multilateral - may still have to prove to their own decision makers that the time, the efforts, the organisational requirements and the slightly increased budgets needed for formative
evaluation, testing, monitoring and evaluation are worth it. Especially if programme planners are serious about developing recommended behaviours among participant groups. Thus, please use the experiences here that can be found on the web site and widely published. Any of the people in Nepal involved here would be able to offer consultancy services or in-country training to country programmes.
Brief History
Nepal Family Health Program (NFHP) was formally launched on April 15, 2002, at Hotel Himalaya. This project was developed in response to the Government of Nepal's 137
outline of specific family planning and population goals in its Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997) After defining the problems and possible solutions in 1991, research conducted in 1993 by the MOH with assistance from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs to identify the best way to reach couples in need of family planning services and skills. The results found that couples could be reached most effectively by radio. In addition, research in selected districts indicated that improvements in the knowledge and skills of health service providers could raise the quality of clientprovider interactions (rude and discouraging interactions were often cited as the reason for poor use of health services).
Communication Center (NHEICC) District H e a l t h a n d P u b l i c H e a l t h O ff i c e s (DHOs/DPHOs) and with support by the USAID funded Nepal Family Health Program (NFHP) and its partners, Save the Children/US, CARE and NGO network. A network of community-based radio listeners groups (RLGs) was established through locally based NGOs in Siraha, Dhanusha and Mahottari districts. During the RLGs, trained facilitators gather women to listen to the weekly radio program and discuss health issues. RLGs are in three districts with a total of 3,810 participants attending the 135 groups.
Current Activities
Originally, the Radio Communication Project (RCP) was designed to address both those with unmet needs (clients) and paid health service providers. The RCP consisted of two radio drama serials and three reinforcing components. Of the radio dramas, "Cut Your Coat According to Your Cloth" was intended for the general public and was broadcast nationally on Radio Nepal from Nov. 1995 to Dec. 1996, while "Service Brings Reward" was designed primarily for rural clinic-based health workers. The radio broadcast was initially in the midwestern region of Nepal from Jan. to June 1996 before being expanded to nationwide broadcast that continued for 10 years. In addition, radio spots and musical jingles were broadcast nationally to promote "Cut Your Coat" and its main themes, especially spousal communication. Formal district-level IPC/C training workshops were conducted during the same period; print materials addressing common client concerns were distributed to health posts and subhealth posts. In March 2004, building on the effective approach of the RCP, two new radio serials were developed: the 52-episode Radio Health Program (RHP) Distance Education (DE) Sewa Nai Dharma Ho ('Service is Religion') for Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) and the 52-episode Drama Serial (DS) Gyan Nai Shakti Ho ('Knowledge is Power') for the general public which aimed to promote key behaviors related to Family Planning and Maternal Health in Nepal.

At the outset the objectives of the over-all project were: 1) To improve the quality of FP/MCH services provided by health facilities and community health workers and 2) To improve sustainability of FP/MCH services by increasing support to FCHVs by local management committees. A population communication project was developed and carried along the following lines: Development of IEC and interpersonal communication and counseling (IPC/C) training curricula Expansion of local capacity for communication research and programme implementation Development of IEC policy Message design and production management for mass media products Expansion of the institutional capacity of the MOH, its divisions, and the private sector to carry out family health communication. The programs were designed, written and produced with the technical assistance of Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program Nepal to National Health Education Information and 138
In 2004, JHU/CCP through the Health Communication Partnership extended the communication program of NFHP through the USAID funded project 'Expanding Family Planning Use Among the Poor and Marginalized Population of Nepal'. The project aims to fulfill the reproductive health intentions of poor and marginalized populations through increasing their knowledge, increasing access to Family Planning services and improving the quality of FP service delivery. The Drama Serial was adapted into the two local languages of Awadhi and Maithili and broadcast through popular FM stations. Networks of integrated literacy classes and radio listener groups were established and currently include more than 9,000 people from the underserved populations. Participatory approaches are applied to literacy instruction, and communities are actively involved in strengthening quality of care from peripheral health services. Community mobilization activities including orientations of Muslim religious leaders to reproductive health have also contributed to the significant achievements in family planning usage. An integrated research and evaluation design was developed. Formative research strengthened the focus and effectiveness of the IEC and IPC/C materials. Written examinations and field observations of clientprovider interactions were carried out, as were pre-and post-intervention interviews with a sample of health workers. Client response to the RCP was assessed through periodic waves of clinic exit interviews and by a population-based panel survey of clients. Service statistics were gathered from sentinel service delivery sites. Lessons learned from the project include: 1. The RCP's strength was derived from: the carefully designed, research-based strategy; the quality of the intervention
materials; and the integrated and reinforcing nature of the intervention components. 2. In terms of project implementation, collaboration and teamwork were central to the integration of push (service delivery quality) and pull (demand for services) strategies. Also notable was the consistency with which both provider/service delivery and client/service use were portrayed in the RCP materials. 3. In terms of research and evaluation, the MOH and USAID strongly supported the research-based approach, vocally and through funding. Reports indicate that the intervention would have been weaker had it not built on a strong research base, and the synergy of the project's components would not have been known if the integrated research and evaluation design had not been in place from the beginning of the project.
Sources of Funding
United States Agency for International Development, Nepal (USAID/N) and the His Majesty's Government of Nepal Implemented by the Nepal Family Health Program: John Snow Research and Training Institute, Inc., EngenderHealth, Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program (JHU/CCP) Johns Hopkins University Program in International Education on Reproductive Health (JHPIEGO), Nepal Fertility Care Center (NFCC), Nepali Technical Assistance Group (NTAG), Management Support Services (MASS), CARE Save the Childrens Fund, USA (SC/US) Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) World Education, Inc.,
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PAKISTAN
Location State & City Name of Institution and People Responsible Islamabad Health Services Academy Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan Dr. Athar Saeed Dil, Director Dr. Chaudhry Muhammad Amjad, Assistant Professor Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF) Zahid Hussein, President Punjab, Lahore Edutainment as a Communication Strategy Two Examples of Pakistan Khalid Dar Jawad Ahmad, President Directorate of General Health Services Government of Punjab Dr Shahid Pervaiz Khan, Additional Director Department of Mass Communication Lahore College for Women University Anjum Zia, Chairperson The Department of Mass Communication University of Punjab Dr. Mughees ud Din Sheikh, Chairperson The Sindh Center for Rural Development Communication University of Sindh Prof. Ibadullah Rashdi, Director 156 147 143 Page
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Health Services Academy

Contact Data
Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan

Health Services Academy
Dr. Athar Saeed Dil, Director
Assistant Professor
Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan
Dr. Chaudhry Muhammad Amjad,
Dr. Athar Saeed Dil
Chaudhry Muhammad Amjad
12 - D (West) Bewal Plaza, Fazal-e-Haq Road Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: (92-51) 9221321; 9222104 Fax: (92-51) 9222034 E-mail: hsamph@yahoo.com drathardil@hotmail.com cmamj2000@yahoo.com cmamjad@comsats.net.pk Website: www.hsa.edu.pk

The Health Services Academy offers training in all aspects of public health. It is also able to tailor courses for immediate needs. Such an adaptable approach would be very useful to UNICEF programme initiatives.
Since the Health Services Academy Ordinance of 2002, the HSA has functioned as an Autonomous Body under the Ministry of Health.

The Mission of the Health Services Academy is to improve the quality of health care delivery in Pakistan through human resource development and evidence-based strategies. Its sphere of activities includes development of training programmes conducting applied research, providing policy advice and performing institutional consultancies. The institutional objectives are: To reorient public health care providers, senior and mid-level health managers and trainers to the health needs and health service priorities of the rural and urban communities; To familiarise health care providers and trainers with modern techniques and 143
Brief History
The Health Service Academy (HSA) was established in 1988 as a department of the Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan. It has a multidisciplinary faculty for post graduate training and continuing education, applied research in public health and policy advice. In 1996 it started offering the first Masters Course in Public Health in the Public Sector. The degree is being awarded by the Quaidi-Azam University in Islamabad. It is recognised by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council.
methods of community needs assessment, development and implementation of health service programmes and health services quality assurance, reflecting the prevailing health needs. To establish a regional center of excellence in public health training and applied research in Pakistan.
Sources of Funding
The Government of Pakistan, GTZ; in addition to affiliations with Mahidol University in Thailand and two Universities in Indonesia: the University of Indonesia, University of Gadjamada.
Current Activities
The Academy trains and offers the Masters Degree in Public Health course. It will offer consultancy services also.
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Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF)

Contact Data
Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF)
Zahid Hussein, President
465-B, Street 10, F-10/2 Islamabad 44000, Pakistan Tel: (92-51) 229-1533; 210-2296 Fax: (92-51) 210-2297 Mobile: (92) 303 737-3686 E-mail: surf@isb.paknet.com.pk
Zahid Hussein

As President of SuRF, Zahid Hussein continues his involvement in the design, execution and evaluation of Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) and Communication for Social Change (CFSC) strategies for primary health care, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS/STIs, nutrition, environment, human rights, governance, and womens and childrens issues through his engagement with NGOs, government, donor-funded projects and consulting assignments. What he brings to the tasks is an encyclopedic knowledge of what has worked and what has not worked, not only in Pakistan, but globally, since his work has taken him to many parts of the world. This kind of practical orientation to strategic communication planning and implementation is something UNICEF country programmes are in great need of, not only in Pakistan, but throughout South and South East Asia and East Asia.
Brief History
He holds three Masters Degrees (Journalism, Political Science and English) and training in filmmaking from Punjab and Stanford Universities. His main fields of specialisation a r e St r a t e g i c B e h a v i o u r C h a n g e Communication and social marketing from design to evaluation stages. His network of consultants and partners is global and he and his associates can be called upon to undertake a wide variety of work. He began his career teaching English in Somalia, Oman and Nigeria. After his return to Pakistan in 1984, he has worked as a consultant to the Pakistani government and international organisations. From 1984 to 1987 he worked with Paragon, a J. Walter Thompson and McCannEricson associate advertising agency in Lahore as its Creative Director. This involvement honed his practical skills in so far as how to design and execute strategies and messages for specifically defined participant groups. In 1992 he was the resident Pakistan Advisor for the Academic for Educational Development 145
(AED) and served as AEDs Director of Social Marketing, Pakistan. He was a member of the Government of Pakistans Federal Communication Advisory Group (FCAG) which acted as a consultant to any Ministry that was doing social communication. Regular monthly meetings were the channel which Ministries could use initially to consult for advice. FCAG is now defunct. Zahid is trying to revive FCAG and is in search of serious donor support in this regard. In addition to being an active member of many international professional associations, he is also a member of the Executive Committee of the AIDS Society of Asia and the Pacific (ASAP). SuRF was founded in December 1997 and continues to work for equitable social development.
Current Activities
SuRF has conducted research on HIV/AIDS in relation to the organised labour sector and worked with high-risk groups providing technical assistance to governmental and non-governmental awareness raising campaigns on HIV/AIDS. SuRF has also worked actively in linking sexual mores, practices and reproductive health with family planning. SuRF provides training courses on HIV/AIDS awareness raising and social mobilisation strategies. Some of the communications projects that he or SuRF has headed include the Johnson & Johnson funded Breastfeeding Promotion Project in Pakistan (BPPP, 1992 to 1998), USAID funded Pakistan Child Survival Project (PCSP, 1990-1994), and the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI), Nutrition and Breastfeeding, and Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases. He also works in energy and environment sectors, family planning, and advertising and communications.

The Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF), an NGO and a consulting company based in Islamabad. SuRF works in Health, Population, Environment, and Nutrition, but is not confined to those areas.
Sources of Funding
Fees from consultancy services.
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Edutainment as a Communication Strategy

Two Examples from Pakistan
Contact Data
This entry is not like the other entries. It provides a mini profile of two Lahore based entertainers who have become allies in using their art to enhance the well-being of Pakistani women and children (and men).
Edutainment as a Communication Strategy

Two Examples from Pakistan Jawad Ahmad, President
Suite 38 & 40 2nd Floor, Landmark Plaza Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan Tel: (92-42) 5713311 5712108 Fax: (92-42) 5712575 UAN: (92-42) 111 999 600 E-mail: jawadahmad@taaleemforall.org Website: www.taaleemforall.org
Khalid Dar
Jawad Ahmad
Taaleem for All

These are two nationally popular entertainers who are dedicated advocates for childrens rights are actively lending their talent and popularity to spread awareness and inspiration to their national following through persuasive messages about polio and routine immunization, education, maternal and child health. Khalid Dar prepares his own scripts for radio, TV and documentaries. He also urges his male listeners and viewers to adopt good practices for their wives and children. Jawad Ahmad changed the tone of the polio eradication campaign from a fear appeal to a positive appeal Pakistan is about to become polio-free. He uses his mass appeal to encourage mothers and schoolchildren to submit their children/siblings to polio vaccination. formats to deliver both reasons for adopting behaviours and showing people (modeling) how to practice the behaviour. People react emotionally: they have fun or they become involved in the story they cry, they care.

The role of this approach couldnt be clearer: use engaging people, use engaging
3 Malcolm Gladwells term for unforgettable messages. See Malcolm Gladwell The Tipping Point How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (2002) Little Brown and Company see pp 233 234, etc.
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The communication becomes sticky. People remember it. People talk about it. People think about trying the behaviour. Some people actually try it. Their friends see them trying it. Their friends also hear or see it via the edutainment. Soon more and more people try it out. This is simplifying the process, but thats basically how it works.
He likes theatre, especially interactive theatre, where he can relate to people and get immediate reactions; where he can adjust messages and information to what he judges the audience can absorb. In terms of television, Khalid Dar feels people tend to be impatient. Pakistan has become a national of clickers. It is hard to keep peoples attention when they are passive. True, television may have the widest reach but when the polls say everyone is watching he feels no one is watching that is they are distracted, maybe they are clicking. However he has done a serial-drama for which UNICEF provides technical support. Recent topics have included hepatitis and tetanus. His concern with entertainment is may be becoming a commodity, not an actual entertainment. That is why he works hard to get peoples attention through humour and infuse the humour with meaning that affects peoples lives. Jawad Ahmad is a folk-pop composer and performer. He is also a person dedicated to the development of Pakistani children, which is the extension of his artistry. In addition to his CD albums, videos and a very active national and international performing schedule, he has begun to expand his work into using his popular musical style for social development issues. His commitment is based on a desire to give back to the community for what they have done for him. He likes to take well-known people into rural areas to show them the conditions that the majority of people live in. He is working on a song about the plight of Pakistans women working with the Womens Ministry. Two other songs are about disabled children and drug prevention. UNILEVER is supporting his work on two songs to encourage education. Supreme Tea is supporting a song Listen Children which will be accompanied with a package of educational materials: exercises and a fold-out page.
Brief History
The history of edutainment or enter-educate may be found on line at www.comminit.com or in two books: 1. E n t e r t a i n m e n t E d u c a t i o n - A Communication Strategy for Social Change (1999) Arvind Singhal and Everett M. Rogers. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey. 2. Entertainment Education and Social Change: History, Research and Practice (2004) Arvind Singhal, Michel J. Cody, Everett M. Rogers and Miguel Sabido. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey.
Current Activities
Khalid Dar is active in the mass media as well as live theatre both formal theatre as well as traveling theatre that goes into villages to entertain. He writes songs. He believes in an indirect soft sell. Although he performs on television, he likes the extended form of theatre and radio better. 79% of farmers listen to the radio. His radio programme, a warm comedy, is called Mehtak Din Di Bhaitak The Living Room of Mehtak Din. He plays the old uncle, Mehtak Din. This has been the vehicle for a lot of development information and behaviour modeling: farmrelated matters, fertilization, immunisation and polio, how to treat members of your family.
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He intends to do a drama series about education and is producing a song and MTVtype video called This is Togetherness which demonstrates positive interaction between teachers and children and models positive interactions between children of all strata of society including the disabled working and playing together. His interest in education has led him to establish the Taaleem Trust for the improvement of rural education, especially for girls. Working with the British Council, the
Trust intends to build 10 schools in Chunian for non-formal education. The building will be for three uses: a high school for between 35 40 boys and girls, a vocational training center and a place for micro-financing. There will be water supply and sanitation. Working with an advertising agency and the Ministry of Health he is composing a Peace Song showing Indians and Pakistanis working together. The Ministry of Health in Pakistan has contacted the Indian Ministry of Health for assistance.
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Directorate of General Health Services

Government of Punjab
Contact Data
Directorate of General Health Services
Government of Punjab
Additional Director
Dr. Shahid Pervaiz Khan,

24 Cooper Road, Lahore, Punjab Tel: (92-42) 9200969 Fax: (92-042) 9201142 E-mail: k2786@hotmail.com Website: www.punjab.gov.pk/health/index.htm
Dr. Shahid Pervaiz Khan

The activities of the Health Education wing of the Directorate of Health Services are not only a text book example of how to operate successful health education activities but a practical and implementable example, as well. Working through eight health education officers in 22 districts each district with no budget for health education activities presents a challenge for anyone operating with only a central provincial budget. From time to time health education activities from the Punjab attract contributions from the national budget, such as the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis. One effective advocacy strategy is that health education personnel try to involve the political leadership at all levels in all activities. This increases the profile of the activity and makes it consistent with social norms. There is a lot of attention paid to involving NGOs in all health activities. These organisations are close to the communities and can help implement and monitor progress effectively. 150

The activities of the Health Education unit are consistent with those of the Directorates in general: To provide emergency health care services throughout the province To ensure the availability of essential drugs as per allocation for each type of health facility. To ensure the availability of trained staff at every health facility (This is not possible for health education). To control vaccine preventable, endemic and epidemic diseases. To strive to improve the health care delivery system at all level in the department.
Current Activities
The Directorate is attempting to integrate a core set of health issues, some which run throughout the year, but some which are concentrated during specific periods of the
year. The latter covers interventions such as diarrhoeal disease control (boiling water, sanitation, etc) during the rainy season; ARI emphasis between November and February, the cold season; sunstroke during the hot months; Immunisation during the stated rounds; etc. Ongoing interventions are prevention of maternal mortality, nutrition including micronutrient interventions (with Lady Health Workers), skin diseases, prevention of the hepatitiss, anti smoking, etc. The Directorate has also had experience in working in disasters.
All programmes use a mix of mass and small media in addition to a strong emphasis in inter-personal communication
Sources of Funding
State Government of Punjab, National Government and various development agencies (UNICEF, WHO, CIDA, etc.) when appropriate.
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Department of Mass Communication

Contact Data
Lahore College for Women University

Department of Mass Communication
Anjum Zia, Chairperson
Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan Tel: (92-42) 9203072; +092-042-9203801-9 Fax: (+092-042-9203077 +092-042-9203087 E-mail: anjumzia86@hotmail.com Website: www.lcwu.edu.pk/index/index.asp
Lahore College for Women University
Anjum Zia

Perhaps the most outstanding characteristics of this university and this particular Department of Mass Communication are three feelings of solidarity and determination: (a) to improve the economic status of women through education; (b) to improve the number of women working in communication; of solidarity; (c) to ensure that the women who graduate are fully prepared to take their place globally and equally with their sisters working elsewhere. This is accomplished through the breadth of the curriculum, of course; but is also ensured through the confidentiality of the distribution of scholarship assistance. Any young women who shows ability and whose parents earn less than 15,000 rupees a month, is given a scholarship. This is especially true for science and mass communication students. This was the first Womens University recognised by the Higher Education Commission. The LCWU is a non-profit University. The Department enjoys strong 152
relationships with Media and is able to engage experienced academics, professionals and trainers to teach. This infrastructure provides computer labs, seminar and discussion rooms. An investment in these women would seem to be a wise one. UNICEF could provide opportunities to use these undergraduates and graduates as programming partners: short term field work, to reach the women in traditional areas who might not otherwise be reached.
Brief History
Founded in 1922 in a small building at Hall road to meet the needs of female students of the subcontinent Lahore College for Women was shifted along with the traditions and goal the Attainment of Excellence to the present building at Jail Road in 1951 which was originally a school named Sir Ganga Ram High School and Teachers Training Center. It is one of the oldest female institutions of Pakistan and in the 83rd year of its existence, the University has approximately 6,050 students on its rolls and a teaching faculty of 284 members. It admits students at Intermediate, Degree and Postgraduate levels.
The Department of Mass Communication was established in 1986 initially offering courses at Bachelors Level. The Masters Program was introduced in 2001 having Degree awarding status. Currently there are 600 Students enrolled.
Media Research and Resource Center. It also aims to design customized programmes for specific purpose groups. It also plans to provide professional growth courses for working journalists, academics, and members of civil society organizations. Seminars and studies currently on offer include: Public Health HIV-AIDS Female Literacy Nutrition/hygiene Human Rights (Women & Child Rights) Gender Advocacy Water Supply and Sanitation Social Mobilization Education Current placement opportunities for graduates include: N e w s pa p e r s / P e r i o d i c a l s O ff i c e s Electronic Media (Radio and Television) Advertising/ Marketing Agencies Public Relations Departments / Agencies Educational Institutions Web Publishing Houses News Agencies Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Research Organizations Donor Agencies News/Features Syndicates

The primary educational mission of the Lahore College for Women University is to serve the female population of Pakistan and hence the nation through: the dissemination of knowledge, the development of new knowledge and the preservation of knowledge. The goal of the Department of Mass Communication is to work toward a socially responsible media contributing towards the sustainable development of Pakistan. This is to be done by Providing quality education and training facilities for students, journalists, academia and/or members of the civil society organizations Designing and introducing research oriented and need based courses Producing high quality professionals Developing a network of stakeholders to promote socially responsible media Creating and developing a pool of young trainers within the Lahore College for Women University and other institutions Making training opportunities available to journalists, academia and civil society organizations
Sources of Funding
Funds are received from the Government of Punjab, retired teachers and alumni (for assistance in scholarships), various media organisations.
Current Activities
The department has plans to establish a Community (FM) Radio and to establish a
153
The Department of Mass Communication

University of the Punjab
Contact Data
The Department of Mass Communication
University of Punjab Dr. Mughees ud Din Sheikh, Chairperson
Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore 54590, Pakistan Tel: (92-42) 9230518, 9231225 Fax: (94-42)9231182 chairman@masscomm.pu.edu.pk E-mail: chairmanmass@wol.net.pk Website: www.pu.edu.pk/home/
Dr. Mughees ud Din Sheikh

This Department is an under-utilised resource and programming partner. The potential for use in (a) formative research; (b) communication planning; (c) monitoring and evaluation of communication inputs is very strong. This is especially true due to its academic marriage between international communication experience and specific unique communication issues within the various Pakistani social contexts. The Department, in its field work required of all students, has a rural orientation the experience for which would be of great benefit to UNICEF and various NGO inputs. Uniquely important is the plan to offer a PhD in Conflict Resolution which in the current political climate is visionary and could be of great programmatic value. Also useful is the use of communication and other texts authored by Pakistan writers. Apart from the formal academic programmes there is a Diploma in Development Support Communication for people seeking careers 154
in health education, forestry, fisheries, the environment, child care and womens empowerment where social mobilisation and community development approaches are needed. This Diploma stresses interpersonal communication, small media and the use of local wisdom.
Brief History
The University of the Punjab is the oldest and largest university in Pakistan. It was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its Senate on October 14, 1882 at Simla. It was the fourth University to be established by the British colonial authorities on the Indian Subcontinent. (The first three universities were established by the British rulers at their initial strongholds of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.) Until independence in 1947 The University of the Punjab fulfilled the educational needs of a vast region of the Subcontinent. Partition of the Subcontinent somewhat reduced the geographical limits of the jurisdiction of the University. However, for many years after independence it still ranged over vast areas
including Punjab, NWFP, Baluchistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir. New universities were set up later in the country to share responsibility for imparting higher education with the University of the Punjab. The Department of Mass Communication was established in 1941and known by its name Department of Journalism. It was the first Department of Journalism in the IndoPak subcontinent. Its nomenclature was changed in 1985 to the Department of Mass Communication. The Department offers the M.A., M. Phil and Ph.D. programmes and degrees in Mass Communication. The M. A. and M. Phil are four-semester two-year programmes. The Ph. D. programmes require two semesters (one year) of class work and then three to five years for research work. M. A. Mass Communication is five sequence programs. Facilities include a modem departmental library, Photo Laboratory, a Computer Laboratory, and a Video Editing Laboratory.
methodologies as well as principle and strategies of communication that will enable them to become efficient communicators, media managers, administrators and researchers. To make students familiar with the contributions of Muslim and Western scholars regarding theories, principles and practices in the discipline of communication. To provide students with the professional skills of managing media, public relations, advertising and other communication organisations. To provide students with the knowledge and skills of using new communication technologies. The objectives of the Diploma in Development Communication are: To prepare people to bridge the gap between policy makers and experts and the people they are serving. To prepare people to do communication needs assessments of organisations and development projects. To prepare effective communication strategies and message for specific groups being served.

Each of the major programmes has independent objectives. For the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree the objectives are: To produce vision-oriented young media professionals and educators with a solid foundation in the field of functional journalism, information technology and mass communication education. To establish a permanent source of production skills necessary for the M.A. in mass communication education who can meet the challenges of the future on a par with international standards. For the Masters Degree in Mass Communication the objectives are: To provide studies with an advanced study of communication theories and
Current Activities
Apart from the regular course of studies, the Department operates an FM radio station and supports three publications: a Journal of Media Studies, a Media Studies Bulletin and plans to publish a bi-annual bi-lingual magazine. It also arranges seminars and conferences and does both applied and theoretical research.
Sources of Funding
Government of Punjab.
155
Center for Rural Development Communication

University of Sindh
Contact Data
Center for Rural Development Communication
University of Sindh Prof. Ibadullah Rashdi, Director
Jamshoro 76080 Tel / Fax: (92-221) 772383 Mobile: 0300 3031617 E-mail: crdcpk@yahoo.com ibadrashdi@yahoo.com Website: www.usindh.edu.pk/

The establishment of this Center for Rural Development Communication is a sign that the University is taking the issue of communication for national and social development seriously. While the University is responsible for teaching communication, the Center takes responsibility for implementing a large range of practical communication initiatives and activities (see below). The Center is particularly aware of the necessity for adapting and/or tailoring materials very specifically for well-defined participant groups. There are many instances in which centrally produced materials are just sent to Sindh province with the expectation that they will be used as is with no attempt to try to ensure that the various local cultural groups and languages can actually understand what the materials are supposed to be about. Since 35% of the total population of Pakistan lives in Sindh province, this is a very serious communication error. Sindhi language newspaper circulation is larger than the Urdu language circulation. Of the eight media 156
centers in Pakistan, 2 are in Sindh province. The Center has also advocated the very practical strategy of having the University of Sindhs students, who are among the poorest in the country, do their media studies in their own home communities: network analyses, media habit surveys, etc. For this reason, the experience that this Communication Center brings is of great worth to UNICEF and NGO programming activities: designing specific communication programmes to meet specific well defined communication needs.
Brief History
The University of Sindh, the second oldest University of the country, was constituted under the University of Sindh Act. No. XVII of 1947 passed by the Legislative Assembly of Sindh. The Act was subsequently revised and modified in 1961 and later. The Act of 1972 under which the University is presently functioning provided for greater autonomy and representation of teachers. From 1947 to 1951 the University functioned solely as an examining body. However, after
its relocation in Hyderabad in 1951, it started functioning as a teaching university in pursuit of fulfillment of its charter and mission to disseminate knowledge. The development of the present Campus at Jamshoro, District Dadu, about 15 kilometers from Hyderabad on the right bank of River Indus now designated as Allama I.I. Kazi Campus, was started in late fifties. Most of the teaching departments under the Faculty of Science were shifted to the new campus in 1961, with departments under Arts & Humanities following suite in 1970. There are more then 43 full-fledged teaching institutes, centers and departments functioning under various academic Faculties. The Centre for Advance Studies in Biotechnology and Centre for Environmental Sciences are the latest addition. There are presently 4 Law Colleges and 43 Degree and Post Graduate Colleges affiliated to the University.
Hold training and capacity building workshops and seminars on communication related problems and needs of organisations working for rural development; Extend institutional development expertise and services to rural organisations in planning, developing and implementing their communication strategies and programmes; Develop effective messages making strategies and communication modules for sustainable rural developing while ensuring vital participation of the stakeholders; Creating linkages between public and civil society organisations, policy makers, donors and programme managers of rural development
Current Activities
The Center undertakes communication research, training in communications, helps to plan and implement communication programmes. The Center will provide consulting services to a wide range of sectoral projects.

The Center for Rural Development Communication serves as a clearing house on development communication-related problems and issues of rural areas in Pakistan, particularly in the province of Sindh with the objectives to: Research development communication related problems and issues of rural areas;
Sources of Funding
Government of Sindh and fees from projects.
157
SRI LANKA
Location State & City Name of Institution and People Responsible Colombo Grant McCann Erickson Laila de S. Gunesekere, Chief Operating Officer MARGA Institute Basil Illangakoon, Chairman MDF (South Asia) Training and Consulting Silvia van der Cammen & Revati Chawla, Post Graduate Institute of Management University of Sri Jayewardenepura Prof. Gunapala Nanayakkara, Director Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA) Sarath Wickramaratne, Programme Advisor Quantum Madhav Srinivasan, Country Manager Roshani Fernando, Senior Manager The Open University of Sri Lanka Department of Social Studies Dr. Mahim Mendis, Head of Department Page 161 163 165
Trainers and Consultants
167
169 171
173
Grant McCann Erickson

Contact Data
Grant McCann Erickson
Chief Operating Officer
Laila de S. Gunesekere,
Laila de S. Gunesekere
660, Galle Road, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka Tel: (94-11) 2580971-6 Fax: (94-11) 2580978, 2584693 E-mail: laila@grantmccann.com

Grant McCann Erickson has had a long working history with the UNICEF Sri Lankan country office in preparing and implementing communication campaigns for example the 2003 campaign against child abuse. In fact, it has won many international awards for its social development campaigns. Although not the only marketing company that has worked with UNICEF in Sri Lanka, the history of the relationship has benefitted both. For one thing, UNICEF has been able to help pinpoint social development issues that are of extreme importance (and very challenging). On the other hand, the Agency is able to bring to the table a data bank of experience from other commercial activities which serve to smooth and quicken the creative process; for example: experience in choice of colours and symbols appropriate for various participant groups; use of appropriate language; choice of media and channels that are most preferred by each group. This can be done without having to undertake new and costly research. Apart from that the agencys dependable experience with using focus groups and other research techniques creates confidence in the process that will lead to their product.
They are highly creative as well so that the stickiness of messages can be assured.
Brief History
Grant McCann-Erickson completed 45 years of operation in 2005. Grant Advertising and McCann Erickson combined offices in 1993.

This is not relevant to the Directory. What is relevant is information about pricing: that a 30 second television spot costs approximately 1.5 million rupees (US $ 30,000); that 5 10 second crawlers at the bottom of television screens are free on most channels, etc.
Current Activities
There has recently been a campaign about HIV/AIDS awareness, based on focus group work which researches exactly what young people think and the exact language they use when they speak about HIV/AIDS and sexual issues. This is in addition to the work in domestic violence. Another significant piece of work has been Turning Point, a 21-episode Television series that educates Sri Lankan citizens on 161
the causes of the conflict and issues that would arise during the peace talks between the government and the Tamil Tigers. Another interesting effort that has implication for UNICEF work globally is the work that Grant McCann Erickson has done with the UNDP program Invest in Peace. This was launched in partnership with the Sri Lankan government and business community for selected Fortune 500 CEOs in New York last September. Invest in Peace was developed under the leadership Grant McCann Ericksons
Managing Director, Ms. Neela Marikkar. Because of her extensive experience in marketing, her work with Sri Lanka First and her involvement in the New York launch, she is now serving as a consultant to the program. One Invest in Peace business seminar was in Tokyo, Japan, and was organized on the back of the Tokyo Donor Forum, where 51 countries pledged USD 4.5 billion for the countrys post-conflict reconstruction.
Sources of Funding
Fees charge to clients.
162
MARGA Institute
Contact Data
MARGA conducts socio-economic research for policy development. Its research areas include: children and youth (children and adolescent needs, policies and structures, education, nutrition, child trafficking, impact of globalization and liberalization on child rights, etc); education, employment and unemployment; Women, discrimination and employment; health and nutrition; human rights and good governance; ethnicity and devolution; poverty and migration; social policy and social welfare; and environment. MARGAs strength is its the ability to present complex issues in ways that can be implemented in practical ways. Since the 1970s the institution has been doing this: presenting complex development issues in ways that governments and NGOs can identify relevant activities and implement them. Specifically working with UNICEF, MARGA has assisted in the preparation of Situation Analyses as well as in preparation of two Country Reports on the implementation of the Convention of the Rights of the Child. MARGA has suggested a paper on the economy of the child in order to define the child securely and quantifiably in the role of national (and economic) development. For Asian Development Bank, MARK has undertaken a series of studies on mother and child nutrition to develop a practical set of nutrition training modules that will insure behaviour change on the part of trainees. Moreover, MARGA has also been engaged in developing communication strategies. The potential to use this practical field experience MARGA Institute Basil Illangakoon, Chairman
93/10 Dutugemunu Street, Colombo 6, Western Province, Sri Lanka Tel: 94-1 828544/829051 Fax: 94-1 828597 Email: egmarga@sltnet.lk MARGA@sri.lanka.net Website: www.lanka.net/ MARGA
in monitoring and evaluating development campaigns is exciting. Whether immunisation, iodised salt, conflict resolution activities, arsenic, it is not a service that UNICEF normally takes advantage of. But to know with immediacy the progress of campaigns is a very valuable programming tool. Moreover, the kind of transparency such monitoring fosters, takes the mystery out of communication campaigns. It helps programmers make necessary adjustments and more firmly insures achieving stated objectives. Thus the communication process becomes credible. The people who conceived and managed the campaign also achieve greater credibility.
Brief History
The MARGA Institute, established in April 1972, serves as an independent nongovernmental centre for development research and related activities. The principal activity of the Institute is the study and critical evaluation of past and ongoing development processes in Sri Lanka. It approaches and analyses development as a process and a condition in which economic growth, social equity, political freedom and 163
participation are integrally linked and must reinforce one another. The Institute's non-partisan outlook and conceptual framework provides an open forum for groups with differing ideological and political orientations to engage in a rational and constructive dialogue on controversial national issues. While the main focus of the Institute's work has been Sri Lanka and its problems of development, these are placed in the context of regional and global changes. Collaborations are undertaken with other research institutes in South Asia and the Asia-Pacific. MARGA has participated in research networks studying issues of regional concern such as poverty, international migration and environment.
The list of available publications includes: Market Economy - (Sinhala & Tamil) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is Market Economy Models of Development Economic Policy East Asian Miracle Economic Thoughts
Democracy - (Sinhala & Tamil) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is Democracy Models of Democratic Government Democratic Ideas Democracy in a Plural Society Democratic Institutions Political Issues

MARGAs "charter of research" defines MARGAs role as a centre of intellectual inquiry with the objective of: 1. Creating a multi-disciplinary research methodology for understanding issues relevant to the formulation of development policies in Sri Lanka; and 2. D e v i s i n g s t r a t e g i e s f o r t h e i r implementation.
English Publications 1. Development and Liberalisation in Sri Lanka 2. Reflection on Governance 3. T h e G o v e r n m e n t B u d g e t a n d Development 4. Devolution in a Multi Ethnic Society 5. Stories from Mahawamsa 6. Issues in Privatisation in Sri Lanka 7. Sri Lanka Collective Identities Revisited Vol.I 8. Sri Lanka Collective Identities Revisited Vol.II 9. The Face and the Dream and other poems
Current Activities
The current projects include: 1. History of Ethnic Conflict 2. MARGA Research Digest 3. Study on Savings Patterns of Middle and Upper Income Households 4. Impact of Globalisation and Liberalisation of Childrens Well-Being 5. Economics of Pension and Social Security in South Asia 6. World Summit Goals for Children in Sri Lanka.
Periodicals:
MARGA Journal (English/Sinhala/Tamil, 2/yr)
Sources of Funding
Contract research (57%), grants (14%), other (29%). MARGA accepts contract research. The budget in (2000) was LKR 20 million.
164
MDF (South Asia) Training and Consulting

Contact Data
MDF (South Asia) Training and Consulting
Silvia van der Cammen & Revati Chawla, Trainers and Consultants
137 Old Nawala Road, Nawala, Sri Lanka Phone: (94 11) 4404017, 2808121, 2805122, Fax: (94 11) 4404016 E-mail: mdfsa@mdfsa.lk Website: www.mdf.nl
Silvia van der Cammen & Revati Chawla

MDF conducts made to order training on various aspects of communication (interpersonal communication, psycho-social development; assertiveness training, etc.), organisational analysis and institutional development, Human Resources Management, and offers training on project planning problem trees and causality analysis; preparing log frames; planning and evaluation techniques. Recently, they conducted a Training of Trainers course for psycho social advocates supported by UNICEF in English, Sinhala and Tamil for the National Child Protection Authority. MDF also conducted the UNICEF Country Office planning retreat. MDF has developed and formulated project proposals for Tsunami relief & rehabilitation CORDAID North East Sri Lanka and conducted a Management Skills Course for young professionals supported by Arcadis, of the Netherlands in Sri Lanka.
product development. MDF Training & Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. carries out all training and consultancy assignments. MDF, the Management for Development Foundation, was established in 1984 to contribute to a better organisation, planning and management of development projects and programmes. Since the mid nineties MDF expanded by adding courses on human resources development, training of trainers and facilitation skills. The MDF Head Office is located in Ede, the Netherlands. Branch offices are located in Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Brussels and Vietnam. All MDF courses also have a few things in common. They are designed by people with ample experience in development cooperation, in all kinds of positions all over the world. They are of a practical nature, rich in visual elements and characterised by participation and interaction. All courses are based on the principles of adult learning and thus consider participants experiences and mutual exchange of experiences as an important vehicle for learning. MDF South Asia is the oldest branch office of the MDF group. Located in Sri Lanka, this office offers international open-entry training courses. It delivers services 165
Brief History
MDF is both a foundation and a Pvt. Ltd. The foundation carries out research and
throughout South Asia. Courses, as well as consultancy services, can be delivered in the English, Dutch, Tamil and Sinhalese language
many occasions with PODIA techniques to assist clients in strategic planning exercises. Another recent assignment in Sri Lanka has been the Institutional sector and Organisational Assessment (ISOA) of the environment sector with the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) and the Central Environment Authority (CEA) as our main clients supported by the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka. MDF-SA also works for emergency relief agencies like UNHCR and ZOA refugee care by assisting them in exploring ways and means to bridge the gap between emergency relief and community development. This includes training needs assessment, team building exercises and so on. MDF is also actively involved in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Laos.

MDFs consultancy services can be divided in four broad categories: 1. 2. 3. 4. Project and programme management Organisational development Institutional and sector development Human resources development
For all these four categories MDF has designed a number of consultancy methods and instruments which, in close consultation with the clients, are applied in the consultancy assignments.
Current Activities
In the past years 10 international open-entry training courses were held in Sri Lanka yearly. More than half of the trainees have come from Asia, mainly working for international organisations: UN-agencies and NGOs, but increasingly for local governmental and nongovernmental organisations. Clients in Sri Lanka are: Care International, MSF and Plan International, for whom MDF facilitated a range of trainings and advisory assignment both in English as well as in Sinhala and Tamil. Sri Lanka is also one of the countries where MDF has worked on
Sources of Funding
Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka for the ISOA project Fees charged for training; UNICEF, for example. Arcadis for the management skills course for young professionals MDF only receives funding for actual assignments in the form of fees for training and consultancy fees. We speak of clients rather than funders.
166
Post Graduate Institute of Management

Contact Data
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Post Graduate Institute of Management
University of Sri Jayewardenepura Prof. Gunapala Nanayakkara, Director

28, Lesley Ranagala Mawatha, Colombo 8 Sri Lanka Phone: (94-1) 689639 42 Fax: (94-1) 689643 E-mail: gnanayak@eureka.lk Website: www.pim.lk

The Postgraduate Institute of Management (PIM) has shared a recent publication,"Managing Temporary Camps and Human Resettlement" for based on its recent experiences in working with tsunami-affected communities. (It may be useful as material for the PC communication toolkit for emergencies). PIM fielded six groups of its postgraduate students to tsunami areas as part of their management training. They were involved in three types of work: 1) making improvements in camp activities; 2) building temporary shelters; 3) livelihood activities. This has partially been responsible for the new interest in studying issues related to management challenges in relation to response to crises, which may become a new course of study at PIM. (See below).
the Universities Act 1978. It is one of the six postgraduate institutes in the university system of Sri Lanka.

Staffed by both national and international staff, PIMs objective is to promote advanced education and professionalism in management in Sri Lanka through the provision of postgraduate instruction, training, research, and development in the various branches of management and administrative studies. All Graduates are expected to demonstrate higher levels of achievements in three areas: Operational competencies in a chosen specialization of management; Competencies in the generic management skills of interpersonal relations and communication including IT; and Competencies in higher order integrative abilities in systems integration, strategy formulation, and leadership. 167
Brief History
The Postgraduate Institute of Management (PIM), a semi-autonomous body affiliated to the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, was established in 1986 by an Ordinance under
In terms of research PIM has two objectives: (1)The generation of new knowledge in management, and (2)The dissemination of knowledge in that field. Research is framed by the following considerations: a) Understanding of problems of resource utilization at national, sectoral and corporate levels; b) Achieve a reasonable balance between theory and practice, rather than being purely theoretical or practical; c) Make a significant contribution to practice at strategic, policy, procedure or action levels of performance; d) Studying and understanding the local context of research phenomena and the methodological tools suitable for the study of socio-cultural, political and economic conditions/values are chosen accordingly; and e) Collaboration at national, regional and international levels.
Based on this assessment a new branch of study will be offered. As stated above, the recent tsunami has given another, more urgent dimension to some of the activities of the PIM. Consequently, one of the new requirements will be that students are going to have to pass a medical exam for physical fitness in order to respond to emergency needs. One of the new major activities that the PIM is supporting is titled the Children Title Waves Project, a Leadership and Skills Development Programme for children affected by the tsunami. It is primarily and scholarship and training programme for children in grades 6 12 in Colombo, Kalutara and Galle Districts. Children will receive 500 rupees for the ten school months of the year and training in (a) personality and leadership development; (b) innovation promotion and (c) skills development.
Current Activities
PIM offers Masters degrees in Business Administration (MBA) and Public Administration (MPA) as well as offering a Doctoral Programme. In addition to teaching, PIM offers training in management. Part of the on-going programme has been described above. However, the PIM is adding a new dimension to its management work by studying the medical, police and security services to see what can be learned form them in terms of disaster response at the macro (national) and micro (local) levels.
Sources of Funding
Since 1991 the Konrad Adenauer Foundation of Germany (KAF) has been an active supporter of PIM's activities. There has been external funding from a consortium of Czechoslovakian NGOs future: establishing links with centres of excellence in the AsiaPacific Region (such as the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand), the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and Universities in Australia.
168
Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA)

Contact Data
Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA)
Sarath Wickramaratne, Programme Advisor
240/1 1/1 High Level Road Colombo 6, Sri Lanka Phone: (074) -306882 Fax: (074)-306881 E-mail: paltra@slt.lk
Sarath Wickramaratne

The Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA) has been a strong UNICEF partner for training and research. Its most recent training for the UNICEF Sri Lanka Office was on Mine Risk Education held in the areas where children and communities are most at risk from landmines. The integrated Training of Trainers under the UNICEF sponsored Mine Risk Education (MRE) programme. Its participants were field officers of nongovernment organizations, the White Pigeon, Sarvodaya and Tamil Refugees Rehabilitation Organization in the northeast province A five module training programme was developed, based on a needs assessment, which used participatory training methods such as group discussion, group work, role plays, case studies, field activities, video films, street theatre, lectures and individual talks and counseling.
building of the NGOs, to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of those who are involved in development programmes. PALTRA applies a holistic training process, from training needs assessment to review, evaluation and follow-up. Previously, PALTRA has helped organise and train 15 25 year olds from the Commonwealth Youth Development Programme in youth health, communication and personality development. Other areas which have been the subjects of training are entrepreneurial skills, conflict resolution and commonwealth values, meaning liberal democracy.

Information about the orgsanisation structure is not available at this writing. The most information is about the Mine Risk Education Programme, which is described below.
Brief History
PALTRA is a management training organization engaged in mainly capacity
Current Activities
The needs assessment made clear that the desired goals of the MRE project could not be achieved if the active participation of 169
the people was not forthcoming. It also showed that most of the coordinators and field officers involved lacked the required training in vital areas such as communicating effectively with the community, identifying and prioritizing needs of the people, getting active participation of the community for the project and disseminating messages effectively. Thus the objectives of the MRE programme have been: (1) to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the participants in order to build active participation of the community to
achieve the goals of the programme, (2) to improve the competency of the participants to design and implement effective awareness programme for the school children and communities and (3) to improve skills of the participants to monitor the programme activities to ensure that the goals and expected impact is achieved.
Sources of Funding
ICCO Netherlands Bread for the World (Germany) Christian Aid (United Kingdom) UNICEF
170
Quantum
Contact Data
Quantum is a research agency with offices or associations with other research agencies in 12 Asian countries. In South Asia, it has done work in Sri Lanka, India and Bangladesh. It has been commissioned to do research for UNICEF India on neonatal health, breastfeeding, immunization, womens health communication to better define how to create impact among participant groups. Also for UNICEF in India, a KAP study on leprosy to design a communication strategy to create consciousness about the disease. For Oxfam (India) it has studied Domestic Violence against Women to design intervention and advocacy strategies for specific target groups. For Population Services International (PSI) India, a KAP on AIDS in order to develop a communication behaviour change strategy. Conducted a study of indigenous health systems in Indonesia, India, Thailand and China for Unilever for indigenously oriented product development.
Quantum
Madhav Srinivasan, Country Manager Roshani Fernando, Senior Manager
26/2 Lauries Road, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka Tel: (94-11 2502206 Fax: (94-11) 4514702 Mobile: 0777-3244044 E-mail: qsspl@slnet.lk Website: qualiquamtum.com
Quantum is conducting social research conducted for: ActionAid Asia Foundation The Marga Institute Child Relief and You (CRY) National Literacy Mission (India) Oxfam- India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh Population Survey International UNICEF Unilever

There is a team of 5 full time researchers with experience in marketing, social research, advertising and communications. Quantum also has access to a trained team of anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists who help to frame the research though an understanding of Sri Lanka and the psyche of Sri Lankan people. Quantum attempts to produce sensitive, reliable, actionable research and emphasizes problem solving analysis. It has a strong marketing orientation. Data collection techniques are both participative and nonparticipative and include: Observation, day in the life 360 degree profiling 171
Brief History
QUANTUM was formed in 1990 in India, and later in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh to do qualitative research in Asia. Quantum has had over 6 years experience in the Sri Lankan market in general, but set up their Sri Lanka office 3 years ago. There is a field network of liaison officers throughout the country, including the North and the East. In Sri Lanka they have had 27 clients including UNICEF.
Conflict groups Peer groups Reconvened groups Paired, Triad Interviews Projective techniques
Current Activities
One of the current projects is a study of peoples coping mechanisms in relation to the Tsunami in Colombo and along the
southern coast to develop a Messaging Plan. This is for Clinch Advertising. As part of the process of judicial reform, Asia Foundation and MARGA Institute have engaged Quantum to do a KAP study of justice systems and resolution mechanisms in the North and East.
Sources of Funding
Fees charged for research and training
172
The Open University of Sri Lanka

Department of Social Studies
Contact Data
The Open University of Sri Lanka
Department of Social Studies Dr. Mahim Mendis, Head of Department
PO Box 21, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Phone: (94-11) 2853777 ext. 221 Fax: (94-11) 2820032 94-11-2853023, 2853028, 2853615, 2854300, 2856201 E-mail: mahim_hd@yahoo.com mahim@sltnet.lk postmaster@ou.ac.lk
Dr. Mahim Mendis

Especially relevant to UNICEF programmes is that the Department of Social Studies has been conducting 2-3 day training for NGOs on (a)good governance disaster management, (b)communication skills for counselors of disaster victims in psychosocial recovery. Their experiences in both training for disaster management and trauma counseling, as well as implementing these, would be good to have on-hand, ready to use, in any new emergency situation that may arise. It would be interesting at the Regional level to bring many groups who have been doing this (from Sri Lanka, India, Maldives) to see what lessons could be learned and what protocols could be put in place for standardization where possible, but also to note those places, issues, procedures which are dictated by local cultural considerations. The Department of Social Studies indicated its readiness to respond to training programme communication training needs at the grassroots level, especially during
emergencies. It could also be a resource for field staff to undertake formative evaluation, focus group discussions as well as small scale surveys, and participatory evaluations. The Department is also very interested in the gender dimensions of communication, especially domestic violence. They are a very enthusiastic young, well-trained and fieldoriented faculty, open to new ideas and experiences. They are all interested in giving students practical field work to do and since students are from every language group and from every corner of the country - they could act as a valuable resource for monitoring and evaluation of field-level activities.
Brief History
The Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL) was established under the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978, incorporated with its system the External Services Agency (ESA) and the Sri Lanka Institute of Distance Education (SEIDE). The OUSL commenced its operation in 1980. The present activities of OUSL are based on the provisions of the above Act and 173
Open University of Sri Lanka Ordinance No. 1 of 1990 as amended by the Ordinance No. 12 of 1996.

There are two programmes in the Department of Social Studies through 30 regional study centers for about 24,000 learners. The first is the two year distance education programme Foundation Programme, in Sinhala, Tamil and English, offered by the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences to promote the educational needs of the employed adults and school leavers above 18 years of age. Those who complete this programme successfully will be able to follow the Bachelor s Degree in Social Sciences or be qualified to follow the Diploma in Management and to sit for the Selection Test for LL.B./BA in Legal Policy Programmes. The second is the Bachelor of Arts Degree Programme in Social Sciences also offered to people 18 years old and up through distance education mode.Three subject disciplines of Economics, Sociology and Mass Communication are offered in the English
medium. This programme is a six credit programme. It is designed to cater to the higher educational needs of those who are employed in the private and public sectors.
Current Activities
The Open University of Sri Lanka through its Department of Social Studies is offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in mass communication which covers development communication and crosscultural communication. Its postgraduate diploma in development studies, in collaboration with Marga Institute, also covers communication theories and principles along with peace promotion and conflict resolution. They also offer Development and Policy Studies one branch of which is directly relevant to UNICEF (especially in Sri Lanka): Peace and Conflict Studies at the Masters Degree level.
Sources of Funding
Government Budget and Student Fees Research Grants Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (for Disaster Management and Trauma Counseling)
174
Summary of Institutions and People by Activity or Area of Expertise

PROGRAMME ACTIVITY INSTITUTION (or person) National Institute of Mass Communication,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
PAGE 32 45
Conflict Resolution, Management, Transformation and Peace Initiatives
Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA),

Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India New Delhi, India
Centre for Media and Alternative Communication (CMAC), 54 Rajasthan State Institute of Educational Research and Training (SIERT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
83
Peoples Union for Civil Liberties, 96 Organisational Development & Excellence Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute, 113
Diwdigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Shanti Ashram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu , India

Kathmandu, Nepal Kathmandu, Nepal
110 130 132 135 147 154 161 163 169 171 173
(MS) Nepal, Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association For International Development,
Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ), World View Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal Edutainment as a Communication Strategy, Two Examples from Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan The Department of Mass Communication, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Grant McCann Erickson, Colombo, Sri Lanka MARGA Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA),
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Quantum, Colombo, Sri Lanka The Open University of Sri Lanka, Department of Social Studies. Colombo, Sri Lanka Social Justice STEPS (Towards Development), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India
36 45 130
Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA),
Kathmandu, Nepal
(MS) Nepal, Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association For International Development,
175
PROGRAMME ACTIVITY
INSTITUTION (or person) Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA),

Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India
PAGE 45 49
Micro-credit, Micro finance Activities
CMC Ltd., Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India
Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW) 52 Department of Communication, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India SAMUHA, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
72
Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute,113 110
Shanti Ashram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu , India

Diwidigul, Tamil Nadu, India Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
World Bank-Assisted Integrated Child 119 Development Services Communication and Training Center, 147 167
Edutainment as a Communication Strategy, Post Graduate Institute of Management University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
IT: to use satellite imaging to enhance agricultural productivity for woman and childrens nutrition, as well as to increase incomes SAMUHA, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
72
Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute, 113
IT: to use satellite technology to improve community level health worker effectiveness through the use of hand held computers; CMC Ltd., Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India Using Street and Rural Theatre to Model Behaviours
Dhaka, Bangladesh
49 28
Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD),
Training and Technology Transfer (TTT), Dhaka, Bangladesh 38

Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus,
65 85
AIDS Prevention and Control Project, VHS Chennai(APAC), Chennai,Tamil Nadu,India

Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute, 113 Mass Action for Social Welfare, Resource and Traning Center, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. India Nalamdhana, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Song and Drama Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
122 93 97
176
PROGRAMME ACTIVITY
INSTITUTION (or person) (MS) Nepal, Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association For International Development, Edutainment as a Communication Strategy,
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Colombo, Sri Lanka
PAGE 130 147 169
Kathmandu, Nepal
Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA),
The Use of Community Radio Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP), 19
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD), National Institute of Mass Communication, Centre for Media Studies (CMS), Reseach House, New Delhi, India Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC),
New Delhi, India
28 32 57 61 63 65
A J Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre, Jamia Millia Islamic University, New Delhi, India Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
AIDS Prevention and Control Project, 85 VHS Chennai (APAC),Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India Avinashlingam Jan Shikshan Sansthan, 105 Institute of People's Educations, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Educational Multi Media Research Centre, 91 Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Communication Corner Network of FM Radio Stations, 127
Kathmandu, Nepal
Edutainment as a Communication Strategy,

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Kathmandu, Nepal
147 132
Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ),
World View Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal 135 Department of Mass Communication 152 Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, India The Department of Mass Communication 154 University of Punjab University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan The Use of Well-Planned and Well Tested Edutainment Activities in All Media. Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP), 19
Dhaka, Bangladesh Kathmandu, Nepal
Communication Corner Network of FM Radio Stations,
127
177
PROGRAMME ACTIVITY
INSTITUTION (or person) Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD),
Dhaka, Bangladesh
PAGE 28 57 85 91 93 97 130 147
Centre for Media Studies (CMS), Research House, New Delhi, India AIDS Prevention and Control Project, VHS Chennai (APAC),Chennai,Tamil Nadu,India Educational Multi Media Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Nalamdhana, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Song and Drama Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
Kathmandu, Nepal
(MS) Nepal, Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke (MS) Danish Association For International Development, Edutainment as a Communication Strategy,
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Communication Approaches Using Local Culture Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD),
Dhaka, Bangladesh New Delhi, India
28
Centre for Media and Alternative Communication(CMAC), 54 Nalamdhana, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Song and Drama Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
93 97 147
Edutainment as a Communication Strategy,

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Communication Training With the exception of Khalid Dar and Jawad Ahmad, every organisation listed here does training. For details please see individual listings. Communication Planning Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP), 19
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Communica, Dhaka, Bangladesh Mass Communication and Journalism Department, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh National Institute of Mass Communication,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
26 30 32 34 49
Protikriti Communications, Dhaka, Bangladesh CMC Ltd., Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India 178
PROGRAMME ACTIVITY
INSTITUTION (or person)
PAGE
Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW) 52 Department of Communications, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India Centre for Media Studies (CMS), Research House, New Delhi, India Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC),
New Delhi, India
57 61 65 67 70
Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus,

Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Mudra Institute of Communications (MICA), National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan, 75
Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR), 78 State Resource Center, Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Kathmandu, Nepal
99 127 156 145 154 165
Center for Rural Development Communication, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF),
Islamabad, Pakistan
The Department of Mass Communication, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan MDF (South Asia) Training and Consulting,
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Research (Some of which are communication oriented) Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP), 19
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication, Dhaka, Bangladesh Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG),
Dhaka, Bangladesh
22 24 30 34 36 49 179
Mass Communication and Journalism Department, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh Protikriti Communications, Dhaka, Bangladesh STEPS (Towards Development), Dhaka, Bangladesh CMC Ltd., Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India
PROGRAMME ACTIVITY
INSTITUTION (or person)
PAGE
Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW) 52 Department of Communication, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India Center for Media and Alternative Communication, (CMAC), 54
New Delhi, India New Delhi, India New Delhi, India
Centre for Media Studies (CMS), Research House, Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC), A J Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India Centre for Development Communication GIET Campus,
Ahmedabad,Gujarat, India Ahmedabad,Gujarat, India
57 61 63 65 67 70
Mudra Institute of Communications (MICA), National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad,Gujarat, India

Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan, 75
Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR), 78 Population and Development Education, 81 State Resource Centre Rajasthan Adult Education Association, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Rajasthan State Institute of Educational Research & Training (SIERT), Udiapur, India AIDS Prevention and Control Project, VHS Chennai (APAC),Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India Avinashlingam University, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, India Bala Mandir Research Foundation, A Network of Information on Parenting (NIP),
Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
83 85 108 88 91
Educational Multi Media Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
Diwidigul, Tamil Nadu, India Diwidigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute, 113 116 93 110 99
Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust, Nalamdhana, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shanti Ashram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
State Resource Center, Ministry of Human Resource Development,
180
PROGRAMME ACTIVITY
INSTITUTION (or person) Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association,

Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Kathmandu, Nepal
PAGE 102 127
Health Services Academy, 143 Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan Center for Rural Development Communication, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan Sustainable Resource Foundation (SuRF),
Islamabad, Pakistan
156 145
Department of Mass Communication 152 Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan The Department of Mass Communication, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Grant McCann Erickson,Colombo, Sri Lanka MARGA Institute,Colombo, Sri Lanka Post Graduate Institute of Management, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka Programme for Alternative Training (PALTRA),
Colombo, Sri Lanka
154 161 163 167 169 171 88 91
Quantum, Colombo, Sri Lanka Tsunami Activities

Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
Bala Mandir Research Foundation, A Network of Information on Parenting (NIP),
Educational Multi Media Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram Rural Institute, 113 93 110 97 102 165 167 171 181
Nalamdhana, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shanti Ashram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Colombo, Sri Lanka
Song and Drama Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Association, MDF (South Asia) Training and Consulting, Post Graduate Institute of Management University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka Quantum, Colombo, Sri Lanka

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Directory of Development Communication Resources in South Asia

Location State & City Rajasthan, Jaipur

Organisational Development & Excellence Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

World Bank-Assisted Integrated Child Development Services 119

Location State & City NEPAL (Kathmandu)

Name of Institution and People Responsible

Page 125 127 130

Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP)

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Bangladesh and the various groups they work with.

BCCP specializes in:

Objectives and Organisational Structure

There are two bi-monthly publications:

Bangladesh Centre for Development Journalism and Communication

Nayeemul Islam Khan

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Sources of Funding and Support

Capacity Building Service Group (CBSG)

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

To pioneer and implement interactive approaches to learning and sharing.

Forum for Culture and Human Development (FCHD)

Sultan Muhammad Razzak

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

development much earlier than that also known as target groups.

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Mass Communication and Journalism Department

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

National Institute of Mass Communication

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Steps (Towards Development)

Sadia Samad, Associate Programme Officer

Sadia Samad Ranjan Karmaker

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Training and Technology Transfer (TTT)

Dr. Mohammad Anwar Javed, Mr. Mirza Tariq Beg,

Ms. Nova Shams, Programme Manager

Mohammad Anwar Javed

Mirza Tariq Beg

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Location State & City

Location State & City

Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA)

Dr. Syed Mazher Hussain

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

Inter Community Alliances for National Integration and Development (ICANID)

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure

2. IHC: India Health Care Project

1. FHIMS: Family Welfare and Health Information Monitoring System

Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHFW)

Dr. G.V. Ramana Rao, M.D. Professor, Dept. of Eqidemiology

Potential Role in Programmes for Women and Children

Objectives and Organisational Structure