Microfluidics Lecture1: IntroductiontoMicrofluidics

Whatismicrofluidics? Bigpictureofmicrofluidics Howismicrofluidics differentfromlargescaleflow? Introductionofsomeapplicationsofmicrofluidics

Microfluidicsreferstothebehaviorandcontrolofliquids constrainedtovolumesneartheLrange. Behaviorofliquidsinthemicrodomaindiffersgreatlyfrom macroscopicfluids.

Surfaceeffects Laminarflow Smallvolume(lengthscale)forfasttransport

Microfluidicsisanmultidisciplinaryfieldwithawidevariety ofapplications. Somemethodsforfabricatingmicroelectronicscanbeused toconstructmicrofluidicdevices.

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MicrofluidicstoConstructLabonaChip

MicrofluidicstoConstructLabonaChip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8KzBimFPo&list=PL64F5A9EA137CCEEE

Reasontominiaturizethesystem: Fast,Portable,Robust,Easytouse,Flexible, Inexpensive,Modular

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The desire to use less sample is important and it is what got people excited. But really whats different is you can now do things you previously couldnt do.
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MicrofluidicstoConstructLabonaChip
Providingallofthepossiblerequiredanalysesforagivenproblem Nouserinteractionrequiredexceptforinitialization Portable
Sample preparation Reaction Detection

PhenomenaofLiquidsintheMicroScale DiffersGreatlyfromMacroscopicFluids
Threemajordifferences: Surfaceeffects

LabonaChip(Bioanalyzer) fromAgilentTechnologies

Laminarflow Smallvolume(lengthscale)forfaster momentum,heat,&masstransport,andfor savingreagents

Chem LabonaChipfromSandia

LaminarFlow
SmalllengthscaleresultsinsmallRe# Laminarflow:Fluidscanfollowtheirstreamlines Lateralmixingcanbeaccuratelypredictedbydiffusion
A B http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvdz5gHrOU Y&list=PL64F5A9EA137CCEEE&feature=mh_lolz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgHuWrcx p8&feature=BFa&list=PL64F5A9EA137CCEEE&lf=m h_lolz

Surfaceeffects
Moleculesinanymediumexperienceanattractiveforcewith othermolecules. Imbalanceofthisattractiveforceataninterfaceleadsto surfacetension Inmicrofluidicdevices, Surface/volume Interfaceforces/bodyforces

Channel height50 m 100m C

Moresurface/volume
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FasterTransport
Transportcontrolledbydiffusion:flowregimeislaminar Scalinglaws: diffusiontimeisthetimethatamolecule needstotravelthroughalengthL bydiffusiveprocesses tD ~L2 whenL fromcmto100m, timescalefromhourstosec

Various Microfluidic Applications

Reducedconsumptionofreagentsandanalytes Reducedtimeofanalysis Highthroughput(parallel+fasteranalysis)

9 Yole Dveloppment ReportOct.2004:EmergingmarketsforMicrofluidicsApplications
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ApplicationinChemicalAssays environmentalheavymetalAnalysis

ApplicationinBiologicalAssays immunoassays

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ApplicationinFuelCells
Akeyfeatureoffuelcells somethingisolatingthefuelfrom theoxidizerbutallowingthe penetrationofions. Conventionalmethod:porous membranetoseparatethefuel andoxidizer Newmethod:laminarflowtokeep fuelandoxidizerfollowtheir streamlines,whilediffusioncan stillhappenbetweenthem.

SummaryofMajorMotivationsfor UsingMicrofluidics
Combinationofchemicalreactions,sample injection,andseparationofreactioninonesystem Speedupanalysistimes Reducefluidhandling Improveresolutions Reducesamplesizes Allowparallelprocessing Reducecosts Integratedsignaldetectionandprocessing Smallersystems(portable)
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ContentIncludedinthisClass
Introduction of various basic components of microfluidics Separation Mixing Reaction Transport control: pumps, valves, flow rate control Detection Power Sample collection for using as tools Introduction of the phenomena at micro scale which are different from the large-scale flows that are familiar from everyday life for developing novel applications http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1P
j9pH24NF0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oU9S2zSsb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1fEHLarR 28&feature=autoplay&list=PL64F5A9EA137CCE Zk&feature=autoplay&list=PL64F5A9EA137CCE EE&lf=mh_lolz&playnext=1 EE&lf=mh_lolz&playnext=2
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HowMicrofluidics isRelatedtoChemicalEngineering
Microfluidicsareinvolvedinsophisticatedfluidhandlingcapabilities. Thesesystemsrequirethesametypesofcomponentsaslargerfluid handlingsystems:pumps,valves,mixers,filters,separators,andetc. Itcanbeanexampleshowinghowknowledgefromourcorecourses couldbeintegratedtogether.

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