DNA Replication recap

What is the function of these enzymes during DNA

replication?
DNA HELICASE
Separates the two joined strands of the original DNA strand. Joins activated nucleotides to form a complete polynucleotide chain.

DNA POLYMERASE

Objectives: 1.To give a definition of mitosis. 2.To describe and distinguish between the stages of mitosis. 3.To explain the importance of mitosis.

DNA Replication recap

Why is the process of DNA replication described a

semi-conservative?

With each new DNA strand formed, half of the DNA (one strand) is from the original DNA strand that has been copied.

Mitosis
Nuclear division can take place by either mitosis or

meiosis:
Mitosis:

Produces two daughter nuclei that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and each other. Meiosis: Produces four daughter nuclei, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Mitosis definition
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus of a cell that

results in each of the daughter cells having an exact copy of the DNA of the parent cell (and each other). Mutations can occur in DNA. This would result in DNA not being identical.

What happens during mitosis?

Interphase: DNA replication, proteins synthesised and chromosomes are invisible.

Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms.

Mitosis

Prophase: Chromosomes become visible and the nuclear envelope disappears.

Anaphase: Each of the two chromatids migrate to opposite ends (poles) of the cell.

Metaphase: The chromosomes arrange themselves at the equator of the cell.

Importance of Mitosis
Growth: Any diploid cell (containing 46 chromosomes) holds all genetic information to make a new organism. To grow cells, daughter cells must be identical to the parent cells. Differentiation: This process give specialised cells, e.g. Epithelium., endothelium etc. All cells within specific parts of the tissue need to be identical in order for the tissue to function correctly. Repair: New cells must be identical to the cells that have been damaged or lost or the tissue will not function as before.

Chose..
There are two tasks to choose from
Make a slide, draw your image and label the stages of

Mitosis that you may see. Compare with a friend

Label the diagram or make your own resource with more

detail from your text book If you finish, choose an exam question

See it in action
Uses the blade to take a small amount of root tip
Squash down on the slide Flood with Toluidene Blue for 2 mins Place a coverslip over the cells Have a look and see if you can see the chromosomes-

you may be able to identify different stages of Mitosis Go and visit other students slides around the class see if you think the cells are at the same stage of Mitosis as they do!

Add the appropriate notes to your diagram

The stages of mitosis

Summary
Put these stages in the correct order: Metaphase Telophase Prophase Interphase Anaphase Devise a pneumonic to remember the order of the

stages of mitosis decide which is the best in the class!