Mathematics

Common Core Sample Questions

New York State Testing Program

Grade

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Grade8Mathematics 1 CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:Functions Item:CR

A trainer for a professional football team keeps track of the amount of water players consume throughout practice. The trainer observes that the amount of water consumed is a linear function of the temperature on a given day. The trainer finds that when it is 90F the players consume about 220 gallons of water,andwhenitis76Ftheplayersconsumeabout178gallonsofwater. PartA: Writealinearfunctiontomodeltherelationshipbetweenthegallonsof waterconsumedandthetemperature. PartB: Explainthemeaningoftheslopeinthecontextoftheproblem.

Key: PartA: y= 3x 50 PartB: Foreveryonedegreeincreaseintemperature,thenumberofgallons consumedincreasesby3. AlignedCCLS:8.F.4 Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.F.4becauseitassessesastudentsabilityto construct a function that models a linear relationship from a description of a relationshipbetweentwovalues(x,y)andinterprettherateofchange. Rationale: The correct answer indicates the ability to construct a function to model a linear relationship. Given that water consumption is a function of temperature, the values cited in the problem are understood as coordinate pairs that can be related by a linearfunction. PartA: 220 178 42 3 90 76 14 y=3x+b 220=3(90)+b 50=b

3 PartB: Theslopeindicates3gallonsperdegree( ),whichshowsthatforevery 1 temperatureincreaseinonedegree,thenumberofgallonsofwater consumedwouldincreasebythree.

Grade8Mathematics

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

 Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:MC

Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisnotequivalentto A B C D 15355 15151 1535 15254

1 ? 25

Key:D AlignedCCLS:8.EE.1 Commentary: This question aligns to CCLS 8.EE.1 because it assesses a students ability toapplypropertiesofexponentstorewriteexponentialexpressions. Rationale: Selecting Option D could indicate that student recognizes the incorrect addition of exponents or confusion on the concept of equivalence (54 x 52 = 25). Options A, B, and C involve the correct application of the properties of integerexponents.

Grade8Mathematics

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

 Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:CR

Acomputercando1000operationsin4.5106seconds.Howmanyoperations can be done by this computer in one hour? Express your answer in scientific notation.

Key:81011 AlignedCCLS:8.EE.4 Commentary: This question aligns to CCLS 8.EE.4 because it assesses a students ability toperformoperationswithnumbersexpressedinscientificnotation. Rationale:Thecomputerworksattherateofthe1000operationsin4.5106seconds, or 2.2 108 multiplications per second (1000/4.5 106). Application of the conversion of 1 hour = 3600 seconds [( 2.2 108) x 3600] gives the number of operations (8 1011) thecomputercancompleteinonehour.

Grade8Mathematics

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:MC x y 8 42 3 17 0 2 6 28

Ifalinecontainsthepointsinthetableabove,theequationofthelineis A B C D y=2x+5 y=2x5 y=5x2 y=5x2

Key:C AlignedCCLS:8.EE.6 Commentary: This question aligns to CCLS 8.EE.6 because a student uses y = mx + b to writetheequationofalinegivenitsslopeandtheyintercept. Rationale: Option C is correct. The equation of a line can be represented in slope intercept form (y = mx + b) if the slope and yintercept is known or can be found. The slope, m, can be found by performing the following with any two pairs of the given points: m 28 (2) 30 5 . The yintercept, b, is given in the table as 2 (0,2).
60 6

Accurately substituting these values into the slopeintercept form of the equation gives y=5x2.OptionCcanalsobedeterminedbytestingeachoftheoptionstodetermine which equation is satisfied by the set of points in the table.Selecting Option A indicates confusionintheproperlocationofthesetwovaluesinaslopeinterceptform.Selecting Option B also indicates confusion in the proper location of these two values in a slopeinterceptform,aswellaspossiblesignerrorsforthe valuesofboththeslopeand the yintercept. Selecting Option D indicates an incorrect calculation of slope from the giventable.

Grade8Mathematics

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:MC

Ifalinepassesthroughthetwopointsabove,theequationofthelineis A B C D y=2x+5 y=2x5 y=5x2 y=5x2

Key:C AlignedCCLS:8.EE.6 Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.EE.6becauseastudentusesy=mx+bto writetheequationofalinegivenitsslopeandtheyintercept.

Grade8Mathematics 6 CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Rationale:OptionCiscorrect.Thestudentcandeterminetheslopegraphicallyor algebraicallyandcanidentify(0,2)astheyinterceptfromthegraph.Algebraicallythe slopecanbedeterminedby m 8 ( 2) 10 5 .Accuratelysubstitutingthesevalues

20 2

intotheslopeinterceptformofalinearequationgivesy=5x2.

Grade8Mathematics

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:Geometry/ExpressionsandEquations Item:CR Inthediagrambelow,ABCissimilartoART.

PartA: WhatisthescalefactorfromABCtoART? PartB:IftheslopeofACis2,whatisthevalueofxforcoordinateC? PartC:UsingtheinformationfrompartsAandB,whatisthelengthofRT? Key: PartA:

AB 8 AR 5

PartB: 4 PartC: 2.5 AlignedCCLS:8.G.4,8.EE.6,and8.EE.7b Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.G.4,8.EE.6,and8.EE.7bbecauseitassesses theconstructionandapplicationofasimilarityratio,thecreationofalinearequation, andsolvingalinearequationwithonevariable.

Grade8Mathematics 8 CommonCoreSampleQuestions

 Rationale: PartA: TheratioofsideABtosideARisdeterminedby AB 8 0 8 AR 8 3 5 PartB: The yintercept is (0,8) and the given slope of 2 yields the resulting linear equation for segment AB of y = 2x + 8. Solving this equation for y=0yieldsthefollowingvalueforC: 0=2x+8 8=2x 4=x x=4 PartC:The length of side BC is the difference in xvalues between point B and 8 point C, 4 0 = 4. The ratio of side BC to side RT is . Using these two 5 pieces of information the solution to side RT can be found by solving the 8 4 proportion . 5 x 8 4 5 x 8x=20 20 5 x= = =2.5 8 2

Grade8Mathematics

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:CR Inthecoordinateplanebelow,ABCissimilartoAEF. 7 Whatisthevalueof x ?

Key:x=4 AlignedCCLS:8.EE.6 Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.EE.6becauseitassessesthestudents understandingthatslopeisthesamealongalinebetweenanytwodistinctpoints. 11 2 3 Rationale:Thestudentcancompute tofindtheslopeof AC . Next,the 60 2 3 6 8 2 6 , andthenthestudentwillsetratiosequal studentfindstheslope, FA x0 x 2 x tofindx=4.

Grade8Mathematics

10

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:MC

2 1 1 (2 x 1) 2 7 x 3 3 2

Whichstepwouldnotbeapossiblefirststepforsolvingthisequation algebraically? A multiplyingeverytermintheequationbysix 1 B subtracting 2 from7 3 1 C subtracting x from2x 2 2 D multiplying 1 by 3

Key:C AlignedCCLS:8.EE.7b Commentary: This question aligns to CCLS 8.EE.7b because it assesses the students ability to use the distributive property and to combine like terms when solving an equation. 2 Rationale: Option C is correct. Given that 2x is multiplying a factor of , distribution or 3 1 some other algebraic beginning that would be necessary before subtracting x from 2 2x.OptionsA,B,andDallrepresentreasonablestartingpoints.

Grade8Mathematics

11

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:ExpressionsandEquations Item:CR

Davidcurrentlyhasasquaregarden.Hewantstoredesignhisgardenandmake itintoarectanglewithalengththatis3feetshorterthantwiceitswidth.He decidesthattheperimetershouldbe60feet.

Determinethedimensions,infeet,ofhisnewgarden. Showyourwork. Key:11feetwideand19feetlong AlignedCCLS:8.EE.7b Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.EE.7bbecauseitassessesthestudents abilitytofindtheperimeterofarectanglebyexpandingexpressionsusingthe distributivepropertyandcollectingterms. Rationale:Width=11andlength=19producesarectanglewithaperimeterof60.The lengthis3feetshorterthantwicethewidth. Letw=width 2w3=length 2(w+2w3)=60 2w+4w6=60 6w=66 w=11 2w3=19 Otherprocessesmayalsoresultinthecorrectanswer.

Grade8Mathematics

12

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:Functions Item:CR

10

Thethreedifferentlinearfunctionsbelowarerepresentedinthreedifferent ways,asshown.

Whichfunctionhasthegreatestrateofchange?Doesanypairoffunctionshavethe samerateofchange?Justifyyouranswer.

Key:Thelinearfunctionin Ihasthegreatestrateofchangeofthethreegivenfunctions.

3 ThelinearfunctionsinIIandIIIeachhavearateofchangeof . 2
AlignedCCLS:8.F.2 Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.F.2becauseitassessesastudentsabilityto recognize and compare properties of functions represented in different ways: table of values,graphically,andalgebraically. Rationale:ITherateofchangeis2. 3 IIandIIITherateofchangeforeachis . 2

Grade8Mathematics

13

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Domain:Functions Item:MC

11

Ofthefourlinearfunctionsrepresentedbelow,whichhasthegreatestrateof change?

Key:D AlignedCCLS:8.F.2 Commentary:ThisquestionalignstoCCLS8.F.2becauseitassessesastudentsabilityto compareratesofchangesforfunctionsrepresentedindifferentways. Rationale: Option D is correct because the rate of change is 5 ; in Option A it is 2, in
2

OptionBitis 4 , andinOptionCitis 7 . 3 3

Grade8Mathematics

14

CommonCoreSampleQuestions

Grade 8
Mathematics
Common Core Sample Questions
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Grade8Mathematics

15

CommonCoreSampleQuestions