C.

mesnili, G. lamblia, T. hominis,

T. vaginalis,
D. fragilis, L. donovani & T. cruzi

" parasites that move by means of agella

" contain kinetoplast - parabasal body that

constitutes the energizing part of the

neuromotor apparatus connected with the
axoneme, and is usually where agella are
connected

" usually reproduce through binary ssion

(asexual reproduction)
" usually reside in the human intestine or
colon

" Trophozoite stage

" the active, motile

feeding stage of a
sporozoan parasite

" Cystic Stage - a resting

or dormant stage,
usually helps the
organism to survive in
unfavorable
conditions

"
"
"
"
"

pear-shaped trophozoite with 4 pairs of agella

with suction discs
displays falling leaf motility
commonly known as Giardiasis or Traveler's
diarrhea, beaver fever
Cause of gastroenteritis
Habitat : intestines of man (crypts at duodenal level
of small intestine)

" ovoidal, pale yellow or brown in color;

contains 2-4 nuclei

" Habitat : encystations occur on transit to
colon

" Mode of Transmission : cysts are

swallowed, food or drink may be source of

exposure; may also be transmitted
through intimate contact of an infected
with an uninfected person
" more prevalent in children and in places
with warm climates; for Giardiasis, more
prevalent among homosexuals engaging in
anal/oral sexual practices

" Clinical Manifestation:

Symptoms include loss of appetite, diarrhea,
hematuria (blood in urine), loose or watery stool,
stomach cramps, upset stomach, projectile
vomiting (uncommon), bloating, excessive gas, and
burping (often sulfurous). Symptoms typically
begin one to two weeks after infection and may
wane and reappear cyclically.

" Only trophozoite stage exist (no cyst)

" pear-shaped with central nuclei
" 4 anterior agella

" short undulating membrane and axostyle

are present for motility

" cytoplasm contains large amount of

siderophil granules
" demonstrates rapid jerking motility
" does not possess a cystic stage

" Habitat : human vagina and prostate gland

" Mode of Transmission : trophozoites are

transmitted through sexual contact

" Dx : Whi test (KOH)

" Common in ages 30-49

" MALE: Vector
" FEMALE: Reservoir

" Profuse vaginal discharge, extremely

irritating painful coitus

Diagnosis:
Female: sedimented urine, vaginal secretions
Male: urine, prostate secretions after prostate
massage, urethral discharge
"

Treatment:
Sexual partners should be treated simultaneously
to avoid reinfection
"