Comparison of Passive and Active Transport

Osmosis Type of Substance Type of Membrane Molecule Involved Force Driving The Process Direction of Transport Specificity Solvent Carrier Proteins Concentration Gradient Along Concentration Gradient Specific Passive Transport Simple Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion Solute Solute Lipids Concentration Gradient Along Concentration Gradient Non-specific Carrier Proteins Active Transport Solute Carrier Proteins

Concentration Energy from Gradient Cell Along Concentration Gradient Specific Against Concentration Gradient Specific

Similarity and Differences of Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport

Similarities : Both occurs in living cells Both occurs through a semi-permeable membrane Both require carrier protein to bind with the substances Differences : Facilitated diffusion Molecules move down the concentration gradient Molecules move through pore proteins or carrier proteins Occurs until a dynamic equilibrium is achieved ATP or energy is not required Not dependent on cellular respiration Not affected by inhibitors Active transport Molecules move against the concentration gradient Molecules move through carrier proteins only Results in accumulation of substances in the cell or removal of substances from the cell ATP or energy is required Dependent on cellular respiration Inhibited by inhibitors such as respiratory poisons