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Adjectives

Form of Adjectives Rules


1. Adjectives are invariable: They do not change their form depending on the gender or number of the noun. A hot potato Some hot potatoes

2. To emphasise or strengthen the meaning of an adjective use 'very' or 'really':

A very hot potato (BUT see also Modifiers Adverbs!

Some really hot potatoes.

Position of adjectives
a! "sually in front of a noun: A beautiful girl. b! After verbs li#e $to be$% $to seem$ % $to loo#$% $to taste$:

Examples

The girl is beautiful You look tired This meat tastes funny.

c! After the noun: in some fi&ed e&pressions:

Examples

The Princess Royal The President elect a court martial

d! After the noun 'ith the adjectives involved, present, concerned:

Examples 1.
2. ( 'ant to see the people involved/concerned () the people 'ho have something to do 'ith the matter! *ere is a list of the people present () the people 'ho 'ere in the building or at the meeting!

Be careful! +hen these adjectives are used before the noun they have a different meaning:

An involved discussion ) detailed% comple& A concerned father ) 'orried% an&ious The present situation ) current% happening no'

Function of Adjectives Adjectives can:


,escribe feelings or ualities:

Examples

*e is a lonely man They are honest people

-ive nationality or origin:

Examples

.ierre is French This cloc# is German /ur house is Victorian

Tell more about a thing's characteristics:

Examples

A wooden table. The #nife is sharp.

Tell us about age:

Examples

*e's young man My coat is very old

Tell us about si!e and measurement:

Examples

0ohn tall man. This is a very long film.

Tell us about colour:

Examples 2

.aul 'ore a red shirt. The sunset 'as crimson and gold.

Tell us about material"#hat something is made of:

Examples

(t 'as a wooden table 1he 'ore a cotton dress

Tell us about shape:

Examples

A rectangular bo& A square envelope

2&press a judgement or a value:

Examples

A fantastic film -rammar is boring.

rder of !d"ectives
Rules
+here a number of adjectives are used together% the order depends on the function of the adjective. The usual order is: 3alue opinion% 1i4e% Age Temperature% 1hape% 5olour% /rigin% Material $alue"opinion %i!e Age"Temperature %hape &olour 'rigin (aterial delicious% lovely% charming small% huge% tiny old% hot% young round% s6uare% rectangular red% blonde% blac# 1'edish% 3ictorian% 5hinese plastic% 'ooden% silver

Examples#

a lovely old red post7bo& some small round plastic tables some charming small silver ornaments

&'(PA)*%'+ 'F A,-.&T*$.%


F')(*+/ T0. &'(PA)AT*$. A+, %UP.)1AT*$.
"sing the comparative of adjectives in 2nglish is 6uite easy once you have understood the fe' simple rules that govern them. 8elo' you 'ill find the rules 'ith e&amples for each condition. (f you are not sure 'hat a syllable or a consonant is 7 have a loo# here.

Rules
+umber of syllables one syllable tall &omparative 4 5er taller %uperlative 2see rule3 4 5est tallest

one syllable 'ith the spelling consonant $ single vowel $ consonant: double the final consonant: fat big sad +umber of syllables t#o syllables ending in: -y, -ly, -ow ending in: -le, -er or -ure fatter bigger sadder &omparative 4 5er ') more 4 adj fattest biggest saddest %uperlative 4 5est ') most 4 adj

these common adjectives 7 handsome% polite% pleasant% common% 6uiet happy yello' simple tender happier more happy yello'er more yello' simpler more simple tenderer more tender happiest most happy yello'est most yello' simplest most simple tenderest most tender

*f you are not sure6 use % RE $ R % &' $ 9ote: Adjectives ending in -y li#e happy, pretty, busy, sunny, lucky etc:. replace the -y 'ith 7ier or -iest in the comparative and superlative form busy busier busiest

+umber of syllables three syllables or more important

&omparative more 4 adj more important

%uperlative most 4 adj most important

e&pensive

more e&pensive

most e&pensive

Examples

A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest A car is heavy, a truc# is heavier, but a train is the heaviest A par# bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable

*))./U1A) &'(PA)AT*$.% A+, %UP.)1AT*$.%


These adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms: Adjective good bad little &omparative better 'orse less %uperlative best 'orst least

much far

more further farther

most furthest farthest

&'(PA)AT*$. 4 T0A+
To compare the difference bet#een t#o people6 things or events7

Examples

Mt. 2verest is higher than Mt. 8lanc. Thailand is sunnier than 9or'ay. A car is more expensive than a bicycle. Albert is more intelligent than Arthur.

A% 4 A,-.&T*$. 4 A% (sage
To compare people% places% events or things% 'hen there is no difference6 use as $ ad"ective $ as:

Examples

.eter is 2: years old. 0ohn is 2: years old. .eter is as old as 0ohn. Mosco' is as cold as 1t. .etersburg in the 'inter. ;amona is as happy as ;aphael. 2instein is as famous as ,ar'in. A tiger is as dangerous as a lion.

+'T A% 4 A,-.&T*$. 4 A%
,ifference can also be sho'n by using not so"as 777as:

Examples

Mont 8lanc is not as high as Mount 2verest 9or'ay is not as sunny as Thailand A bicycle is not as expensive as a car Arthur is not as intelligent as Albert

&'(PA)*%'+% 'F 8UA+T*T9


To sho' difference: more, less, fewer $ than To sho' no difference: as much as , as many as, as few as, as little as

&'(PA)*%'+% 'F 8UA+T*T9


To sho' difference: more, less, fewer $ than

Examples#
+ith countable nouns: more / fewer

2loise has more children than 5hantal. 5hantal has fewer children than 2loise. There are fewer dogs in 5ardiff than in 8ristol ( have visited fewer countries than my friend has. *e has read fewer boo#s than she has.

+ith uncountable nouns: more / less

2loise has more money than 5hantal. 5hantal has less money than 2loise. ( spend less time on home'or# than you do. 5ats drin# less 'ater than dogs. This ne' dictionary gives more information than the old one.

&o, the rule is#


('). < nouns that are countable or uncountable F.:.) < countable nouns 1.%% < uncountable nouns

&'(PA)*%'+% 'F 8UA+T*T9 Rules


To sho' no difference: as much as , as many as, as few as, as little as

as many as ! as few as < countable nouns as much as ! as little as < uncountable nouns

Examples#
+ith countable nouns:

They have as many children as us. +e have as many customers as them. Tom has as few boo#s as 0ane. There are as few houses in his village as in mine. =ou #no' as many people as ( do. ( have visited the 1tates as many times as he has.

+ith uncountable nouns:

0ohn eats as much food as .eter. 0im has as little food as 1am. =ou've heard as much ne's as ( have. *e's had as much success as his brother has. They've got as little 'ater as 'e have.

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