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There is nothing so beautiful, attractive, elegant and colourfull as fresh flowers. They are loved and admired by all .flowers add glamour and charm to interior decoration .the knowledge and skill of artistic flower arrangement is a valuable tool for decorating rooms tastefully. Flower arrangement may be defined as an art of organizing flowers, other plants materials and a receptacle into composition having harmony of form colour and texture. Its purpose is to add cheer, life and beauty to surroundings. A flower arrangement should have a personality of its own and express one single idea. ! " #T$ %FA&T I# F!%' & !I# A#* F%&") The basic lines and forms of flower arrangement are circle, rectangle, triangle, and semi +circle, cone, s ,-ogarth. line, oval, perpendicular, crescent, diagonal, etc. the shape depends on the pre/dominant line of the materials used. The finished arrangements should appear as one unit .the lines of a flower arrangement can be compared to the lines of a leafless tree. The container may be considered as the tree trunk. The branches may become smaller at the end and likewise flowers used must be smaller and far apart at the extremities. *ifferent forms of flowers and foliage/large, round, long , medium sized, slender , small, tiny clusters are used in a flower arrangements .harmony of shapes and size is an important condition in that case. T 0T1& ) 1nity in texture is necessary between the flowers and plant material and also between these two and their containers .they may be classified as delicate, coarse, velvety etc. A&&A#( " #T$)
2%!%1&) The plant material and containers constitute the colour problem in a flower arrangement. A dominant colour is necessary is arrangement for emphasis and unity. If more colour are used one should be more ,first. in 3uality and the second in lesser amount and the third is the smallest amount. Any of the colour schemes can be tried in a flower arrangement. 4alues of colours are e3ually important. !ight colours are used at the upper portions and outer margins while darker colours are ear to the bottoms and center. 5&I#2I5! $ %F * $I(# I# F!%' & A&&A#( " #T) *esign is a form or shape of compositions, the thought out plan upon which it is built. It should depend upon the room and different ob6ect in it7 the windows,, the walls , the chairs, the tables and other accessories in it such as table lamp , picture frame etc. 1#IT8) The first principle of design is unity. The arrangement as a whole must be a unit. ach part or element in it must be so related to every other part that the result is ownees. 1nity is defined as the oneness of the composition as a whole that all its component parts blend in such a way as to present to the observer, a single picture. It is a soul and life of any arrangement. $2A! ) $cale is the size relationship of various component part used in an arrangement/ the material used in constructing it, the container, flowers foliage, accessories/ must possess a suitable relationship to each other in size. A22 #T %& "5-A$I$)
A point of the composition which catches the eye 9 hold the interest is known as the centre of interest or focal point, where the flowers are largest ,most numerous and brilliant in colours. For the sake of stability, the focal point wrest be near the lower part and near the centre. All the lines
:A!A#2 ) An arrangement that appear s stable as balance. In an arrangement e3uilibilium is a matter of visual balance rather than the actual physical weights of the materials used. To accomplish this materials used in the arrangement must be so disturbed that they appear to be the same amount of weight on each side of the central axis. For the sake of balance the heaviest mass of plant material, the largest flowers and the largest stems should usually be close to the imaginary line in the centre. In symmetrical balance, the plant material on one side of the centre of the container is approximately e3ual to the material on the other side and similarly arranged. In asymmetric or in formal balance the plant materials on the both side of the centre are not similarly arranged. The power attraction depends not only on 3uality but also the side of the flower, colour, value etc &-8T-") &hythm in a composition of any kind is that 3uality which gives a sense of motions a feeling created by the actual movement of the eye +crescent. -A&"%#8) -armony in arrangement can be achieved by selecting and arranging the flowers, accessories and other plant materials in a vase in order to give a family resemblance. It is especially important in respect to the colours used, but also regards forms and textures. -armony refers to the absence of a 6amming note in the relationship of the several elements that go to wake up the compositions. 5&55%&TI%#) The fine relationship of part in an arrangement is based on proportions.
A safe rule is to have a plant material about ; < <=> times as high as medium
or tall container although it can be higher than that to fit the background ; placement. A tall arrangement must be narrow and tapering at the end. A horizontal arrangement looks well if the plant material is one and half times as wide as the low contains. Flat arrangement to be seen from above may have one/third or two/third of water covered. 2%!%1&) To make certain that the arrangement will be really pleasing7 the colour should be used in the proper relationship to each other. *ifferent types of colours harmonies such as monochromatic, analogous direct complementary etc can be used in order to make arrangement more beautiful.
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-ogarth arrangement is similar to that of a diagonal arrangement. The only modification is the two main stems are bend slightly at the edge. This focus the H$E shape, hence called as H$E bend. This was discovered by -ogarth, hence also gets the name as -ogarth curve. The focal point is at the centre. $ince the edge bends, it gives a feminine effect and blends will width the curvature in the house. This can be placed on any room except on the dining table. %nly pedestals or vertical d vase, long containersE which can hold water etc., can be used.
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The Iapanese flower arrangement is based on certain principles of art which are recognized all over the world. The Iapanese seldom make any arrangement of flowers without of their own natural foliage. "ost arrangements consists of a full branches from a tree or bush as well as small grass flowers which must naturally grow at the base of a tree. The flowers best liked are those growing naturally in the garden or country side at the time of arrangement. Fully grown flowers or foliages are seldom used. !ight buds are preferred. The branches of trees producing large leaves or bushes with abundance of leaf or not used except while the leaves are in buds. The reason for this practice is ,<. The Iapanese consider odd number as beautiful. ,>. 'hen the buds are used the observes have pleasure is seeing them bloom. In Iapanese arrangement, they use three long stems and flowers accordingly. The first stem is < <J> times the width of the vase and is placed at ?@A. This represents the heaven and is called shine. The second stem is Kth of the first and is placed at CDA angle from the first either right or left. This represents even and is called soe. The third is K th of the second on is fixed at <@ degree angle from the first stem , 6ust opposite to the other , second stem . is , if the second is in right then place the third in the left , or vice versa. 2ut flowers depending on the height of the three stem and fix them accordingly so that the head of the flower 6ust touches the base of the foliageEs top most leaf. The third stem represents earth and is called LhikaeM shines, soe and hikae represent heaver, even and earth. They have meaning to each and every flower they fix. Flat vases are best for this arrangement since buds are used they can be kept for two to three days by periodical change of water. They are simple best attractive they give elegant look to the room where they are placed.