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38

Solutions

Chapter 1 More about Equations


Skills Assessment (P.4)
1. From the figure, the point of intersection is

(1 , 2.5).
` The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = 1, y = 2.5.
2. *

2x = y + 1 ...................................................... (i)
y = 3x - 3 ..................................................... (ii)

Substituting (ii) into (i), we have


2x = 3x - 3 + 1
x=2
Substituting x = 2 into (ii), we have
y = 3(2) - 3 = 3
` The solution of the simultaneous equations

5.

x2 - 3x - 4 = 0
(x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 4 or x = - 1
2

6. x - 13x + 40 = 0

(x - 5)(x - 8) = 0
`
x = 5 or x = 8
2

7. x - x - 6 = 0
2

x=

- (-1) ! (-1) - 4 (1)(-6)


2 (1)

1 ! 25
2

1!5
2

= - 2 or 3

is x = 2, y = 3.
2

8. 2x - 15x - 8 = 0
3. *

4x - 3y = 4 ................................................... (i)

x=

x + 3y = 1 ..................................................... (ii)

(i) + (ii) : 5x = 5

x=1
Substituting x = 1 into (ii), we have
1 + 3y = 1
y=0
` The solution of the simultaneous equations

- (-15) ! (-15) - 4 (2)(-8)


2 (2)

15 ! 289
4

15 ! 17
4

= - 21 or 8
2

is x = 1, y = 0.

9. 9x - 12x + 4 = 0
2

x=
4. *

2x - y = -14 ................................................. (i)


4x + 5y = 0 .................................................. (ii)

(i) # 2 : 4x - 2y = -28 .............................. (iii)


(ii) - (iii) : 7y = 28

y=4
Substituting y = 4 into (i), we have
2x - 4 = -14
2x = -10
x = -5
` The solution of the simultaneous equations

- (-12) ! (-12) - 4 (9)(4)


2 (9 )
12 ! 0
18

= 23 (repeated)
10. From the graph, the x-intercepts are -1 and 3.

` The roots of the equation are -1 and 3.

is x = -5, y = 4.

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39

Chapter 1: More about Equations

Exercise 1A (P.12)
1. (a)

4. Add the graph of y = 20 to the figure.


y

From the figure, the points of intersection


of the two graphs are (-3 , 5) and (2 , 5).

25

y = 20

20

` The solutions of the simultaneous

15

equations are x = -3, y = 5 and

10

x = 2, y = 5.

y = 8 x2

(b) From the figure, the points of intersection

of the two graphs are (0 , 2) and (4 , 18).


` The solutions of the simultaneous

equations are x = 0, y = 2 and x = 4,


y = 18.

From the figure, the solutions of the simultaneous


equations are x = -1.6, y = 20 and x = 1.6,

2. (a)

From the figure, the point of intersection


of the two graphs is (-2 , 4).
` The solution of the simultaneous
equations is x = -2, y = 4.

y = 20.
5. Add the graph of y = 10 + x to the figure.

y = 10 + x

(b) From the figure, the point of intersection

-6

-4

-2

of the two graphs is (3 , -6).


` The solution of the simultaneous

10
y

equations is x = 3, y = -6.
3. (a)

From the figure, the two graphs have no


points of intersection.
` The simultaneous equations have no
real solutions.

10

y = 10 + x

y = x2 6 x

(b) From the figure, the two graphs have no

points of intersection.
` The simultaneous equations have no

real solutions.
From the figure, the solutions of the
simultaneous equations are x = -5, y = 5 and
x = -2, y = 8.

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40

Solutions

6. (a)

Draw the graph of y = x 2 - 3x from


x = -1 to x = 4.
y = x2 - 3x

7. (a)

Draw the graph of y = 1 - 2x 2 from


x = -3 to x = 3.
y = 1 - 2x2

-1

-3 -2 -1

-2

-2

y -17 -7 -1

y
y = 1 4 x

-1 -7 -17

y = 2x 2

y = x2 3 x
0 1

3 2 1

1
1

y = 1 2x2

y=x3

10

12
14
16

(b) Add the graph of y = x - 3 to the figure in


(a).

18

y=x-3

-1

-4

-2

(b) (i)

From the figure, the solutions of the

Add the graph of y = 2x - 2 to the


figure in (a).
y = 2x - 2

simultaneous equations are x = 3, y = 0

-3

-1

and x = 1, y = -2.

-8

-4

From the figure, the solutions of


the simultaneous equations are
x = 0.8, y = -0.4 and x = -1.8,
y = -5.6.

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41

Chapter 1: More about Equations

(ii)

Add the graph of x + y = 1 to the figure.


x+y=1

Add the graph of y = -1 - 4x to the


figure in (a).
y = -1 - 4x

-1

-1

-5

-13

x = 2.4, y = -10.6 and x = -0.4,

-2

-4

equations are x = 1, y = 0 and x = 5, y = -4.


10. (a)

y = 0.6.
8. (a)

From the figure, the solutions of the simultaneous

From the figure, the solutions of


the simultaneous equations are

From the figure, the two graphs have no


points of intersection.
` The simultaneous equations have no
real solutions.

No. The graphs drawn by Jacky and Sally


(b) From the figure, the solutions of the

are incomplete. They should draw the

simultaneous equations are x = -2.7,

graphs for -2 G x G 5.

y = -8.4 and x = 1.7, y = 0.4.

(b) By combining the graphs drawn by Jacky


(c)

and Sally, the solutions of the simultaneous

From the figure, the solution of the


simultaneous equations is x = 1, y = 4.

equations are x = -1.2, y = 0.8 and


x = 4.2, y = 6.2.

11.
y

9.

150

y = x2+ 5 x 4

100

y = x + 10

50

15 10

y = x2+ 2 x 120

100
2

y = (x - 1)(4 - x)
= 4x - x2 - 4 + x
= -x2 + 5x - 4

15

50

10

150

5 x + y = 150

x+y=1
(a)

Add the graph of y = x + 10 to the figure.


y = x + 10

-10

10

20

10

20

30

From the figure, the solutions of the


simultaneous equations are x = 11, y = 20
and x = -12, y = 0.

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Solutions

(b) Add the graph of 5x + y = -150 to the

13. (a)

figure.
5x + y = -150

Draw the graph of y = -x2 + x - 2 from


x = -2 to x = 3.
y = -x2 + x - 2

-20

-10

10

-2

-1

-50

-100

-150

-200

-8

-4

-2

-2

-4

-8

From the figure, the two graphs have no


points of intersection.
` The simultaneous equations have no

y = 4 3x

real solutions.
2

12. (a)

Draw the graph of y = 4x 2 + 8x from


x = -2.5 to x = 0.5.
y = 4x2 + 8x

-3 -4 -3

y = x2+ x 2

(b) Add the graph of y = 4 - 3x to the figure in


(a).

y = 4 - 3x

4
2

0 0.5
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5
2

4
4x + y + 9 = 0

0.5

y = 4 x2+ 8 x

x -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0


y

-2

-5

From the figure, the two graphs have no


points of intersection.
` The simultaneous equations have no
real solutions.

8
10

(b) Add the graph of 4x + y + 9 = 0 to the


figure in (a).

4x + y + 9 = 0

-2.5

-2

-1

-1

-5

-9

From the figure, the solution of the


simultaneous equations is x = -1.5,
y = -3.

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Chapter 1: More about Equations

14. (a)

Draw the graph of y = (20 - x)(10 + x)


from x = -20 to x = 30.
y = (20 - x)(10 + x)

-20 -10

-400

10

20

30

200 200

-400

y
300

y = 300 10 x

200

2. *

2
y = x + x ...................................................... (i)

y = -x ........................................................... (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


2
x + x = -x
2
x + 2x = 0
x(x + 2) = 0
`
x = 0 or x = -2
Substitute these values of x into (ii):
When x = 0, y = 0.
When x = -2, y = 2.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

100

are x = 0, y = 0 and x = -2, y = 2.

20 10 0
100

10

20

200

30

x
3. *

y = (20 x)(10 + x)

300
400

(b) Add the graph of y = 300 - 10x to the


figure in (a).

y = 300 - 10x

10

20

30

300

200

100

From the figure, the solution of the


simultaneous equations is x = 10, y = 200.

Exercise 1B (P.20)
1. *

43

y = x2 ............................................................. (i)
y = x + 2 ....................................................... (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


2
x =x+2
2
x -x-2=0
(x - 2)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 2 or x = -1
Substitute these values of x into (ii):
When x = 2, y = 2 + 2 = 4.
When x = -1, y = -1 + 2 = 1.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

y = x - 2x - 3 ............................................. (i)
y = x + 1 ....................................................... (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


x2 - 2x - 3 = x + 1
x2 - 3x - 4 = 0
(x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 4 or x = -1
Substitute these values of x into (ii):
When x = 4, y = 4 + 1 = 5.
When x = -1, y = -1 + 1 = 0.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations
are x = 4, y = 5 and x = -1, y = 0.
4. *

x2 - 4x - y = 0 ............................................. (i)
y = 6 - 3x .................................................... (ii)

Substitute (ii) into (i):


x2 - 4x - (6 - 3x) = 0
x2 - x - 6 = 0
(x - 3)(x + 2) = 0
`
x = 3 or x = -2
Substitute these values of x into (ii):
When x = 3, y = 6 - 3(3) = -3.
When x = -2, y = 6 - 3(-2) = 12.
` The solutions of the simultaneous
equations are x = 3, y = -3 and x = -2,
y = 12.

are x = 2, y = 4 and x = -1, y = 1.

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Solutions

5. *

x - y = 0 ...................................................... (i)
y - 2x = 8 .................................................... (ii)

(i) + (ii):

7. *

x - x = y + 1 ................................................ (i)
5x - y - 6 = 0 .............................................. (ii)

x - 2x = 8
2
x - 2x - 8 = 0
(x - 4)(x + 2) = 0
`
x = 4 or x = -2
2
From (i): y = x ............................................. (iii)
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
2
When x = 4, y = 4 = 16.
2
When x = -2, y = (-2) = 4.
` The solutions of the simultaneous

From (ii): y = 5x - 6 .................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
2
x - x = 5x - 6 + 1
2
x - 6x + 5 = 0
(x - 5)(x - 1) = 0
`
x = 5 or x = 1
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = 5, y = 5(5) - 6 = 19.
When x = 1, y = 5(1) - 6 = -1.
` The solutions of the simultaneous

equations are x = 4, y = 16 and x = -2,

equations are x = 5, y = 19 and x = 1,

y = 4.

y = -1.

6. *

y - 2x2 = 0 .................................................... (i)


3x + y = 2 ..................................................... (ii)

(ii) - (i):

3x + 2x2 = 2
2x2 + 3x - 2 = 0
(2x - 1)(x + 2) = 0
x = 21 or x = -2

From (ii): y = 2 - 3x .................................... (iii)


Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = 21 , y = 2 - 3 a 21 k = 21 .

8. *

4x + y - 2 = x2 ............................................. (i)
x + y - 20 = 0 ............................................. (ii)

From (ii): y = 20 - x .................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
4x + 20 - x - 2 = x2
x2 - 3x - 18 = 0
(x - 6)(x + 3) = 0
`
x = 6 or x = -3
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = 6, y = 20 - 6 = 14.
When x = -3, y = 20 - (-3) = 23.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

When x = -2, y = 2 - 3(-2) = 8.


` The solutions of the simultaneous
equations are x = 21 , y = 21 and x = -2,
y = 8.

are x = 6, y = 14 and x = -3, y = 23.


9. Rewrite the given equation as:

x + 1 = y ........................................................ (i)
2

x - x - 2 = y .............................................. (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


x2 - x - 2 = x + 1
2
x - 2x - 3 = 0
(x - 3)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 3 or x = -1
Substitute these values of x into (i):
When x = 3, y = 3 + 1 = 4.
When x = -1, y = -1 + 1 = 0.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations
are x = 3, y = 4 and x = -1, y = 0.

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Chapter 1: More about Equations

10. Rewrite the given equation as:

y - 2 = 3 - x ................................................. (i)
2

y - 2 = 15 - x ............................................ (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


3 - x = 15 - x2
2
x - x - 12 = 0
(x - 4)(x + 3) = 0
`
x = 4 or x = -3
From (i): y = 5 - x ....................................... (iii)
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = 4, y = 5 - 4 = 1.
When x = -3, y = 5 - (-3) = 8.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

13. *

45

2a + b = 5 ..................................................... (i)
(a + 1) (b - 3) = 0 ........................................ (ii)

From (i), b = 5 - 2a .................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (ii):
(a + 1)(5 - 2a - 3) = 0
(a + 1)(2 - 2a) = 0
`
a = -1 or a = 1
Substitute these values of a into (iii):
When a = -1, b = 5 - 2(-1) = 7.
When a = 1, b = 5 - 2(1) = 3.
` The solutions of the simultaneous
equations are a = -1, b = 7 and a = 1,
b = 3.

are x = 4, y = 1 and x = -3, y = 8.


11. Rewrite the given equation as:

x + y = 12x + 20 ........................................... (i)


x + y = x2 + 7x - 30 .................................... (ii)

(ii) - (i):

x2 + 7x - 30 - 12x - 20 = 0
x2 - 5x - 50 = 0
(x + 5)(x - 10) = 0
`
x = -5 or x = 10
From (i): y = 11x + 20 ................................. (iii)
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = -5, y = 11(-5) + 20 = -35.
When x = 10, y = 11(10) + 20 = 130.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations
are x = -5, y = -35 and x = 10, y = 130.
12. *

q = p2 - 4 ...................................................... (i)
5p + 2q + 11 = 0 ......................................... (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


5p + 2(p2 - 4) + 11 = 0
2p2 + 5p + 3 = 0
(2p + 3)(p + 1) = 0
3

p = - 2 or p = -1

Substitute these values of p into (i):

14. *

y = x2 + 1 ....................................................... (i)
y = - 2x ........................................................ (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


x2 + 1 = -2x
2
x + 2x + 1 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (2)2 - 4(1)(1)
=0
` There is one solution for x.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have one set of
solution.
15. *

y = 3x2 + x .................................................... (i)


y = 2x - 1 ..................................................... (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


3x2 + x = 2x - 1
2
3x - x + 1 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (-1)2 - 4(3)(1)
= -11
10
` There are no real solutions for x.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions.

3
3
7
When p = - 2 , q = a- 2 k - 4 = - 4 .
2

When p = -1, q = (-1)2 - 4 = -3.


3

` p = - 2 , q = - 4 or p = -1, q = -3.

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Solutions

16. *

x + y = x + 1 ................................................ (i)
x + y = 2 ....................................................... (ii)

(i) - (ii):
2

x -x=x+1-2
2
x - 2x + 1 = 0
2
(x - 1) = 0
`
x = 1 (repeated)
Substitute x = 1 into (ii):
1+y=2
y=1
` The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = 1, y = 1.
17. *

x (3x - 2y) - 5x2 = 12 .................................. (i)


6x - 4y + 2 = 12 ......................................... (ii)

From (ii), 3x - 2y = 5 .................................. (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
5x - 5x2 = 12
5x2 - 5x + 12 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (-5)2 - 4(5)(12)
= -215
10
` There are no real solutions for x.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real

3x + y = x2 ..................................................... (i)

solutions.

2y = x - 10 ................................................... (ii)
20. Rewrite the given equation as:

(i) # 2 - (ii):
2

6x = 2x - x + 10
2x2 - 7x + 10 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (-7)2 - 4(2)(10)
= -31
10
` There are no real solutions for x.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real

x2 + y2 = 4 ..................................................... (i)
x - y + 2 = 4 ................................................ (ii)

2y - 4x = 8 ................................................... (i)

From (ii), x = y + 2 ...................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
(y + 2)2 + y2 = 4
2y2 + 4y = 0
2y(y + 2) = 0
`
y = -2 or y = 0
Substitute these values of y into (iii):
When y = -2, x = -2 + 2 = 0.
When y = 0, x = 0 + 2 = 2.
` The solutions of the simultaneous

y - 2x - x (x + 4) = 8 .................................. (ii)

equations are x = 0, y = -2 and x = 2,

solutions.
18. Rewrite the given equation as:

19. Rewrite the given equation as:

From (i): y = 4 + 2x ..................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (ii):
4 + 2x - 2x - x(x + 4) = 8
x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(x + 2)2 = 0
`
x = -2 (repeated)
Substitute x = -2 into (iii):
y = 4 + 2(-2)
=0
` The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = -2, y = 0.

y = 0.
21. Rewrite the given equation as:

x2 - y2 = 7 ..................................................... (i)
3x + y = 7 ..................................................... (ii)

From (ii), y = 7 - 3x .................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
x2 - (7 - 3x)2 = 7
4x2 - 21x + 28 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (-21)2 - 4(4)(28)
= -7
10
` There are no real solutions for x.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions.

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Chapter 1: More about Equations


22. *

x - 2y = 1 ................................................... (i)
3x + 4y = 1 ................................................... (ii)

3
From (ii), y = 41 - 4 x ................................. (iii)

Exercise 1C

2x2 - 3x = 2
2x2 - 3x - 2 = 0
(2x + 1)(x - 2) = 0

3
2
x - 2 a 41 - 4 x k = 1
2

x2 + 12 = 8x
x - 8x + 12 = 0
(x - 6)(x - 2) = 0
`
x = 6 or x = 2
2

` The solution of the simultaneous equations


is x = 3, y = -2.
23. *

x - x-3 = 1
x (x - 3) - 8
=1
x-3

x(x - 3) - 8 = x - 3
x - 3x - 8 - x + 3 = 0
x2 - 4x - 5 = 0
(x - 5)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 5 or x = - 1
2

6
= 5 - 2x
x+1

(b)

6 = (5 - 2x)(x + 1)
6 = 5x - 2x2 + 5 - 2x
2x2 - 3x + 1 = 0
(2x - 1)(x - 1) = 0

are x = 2, y = 0 and x = 1, y = -1.


24. *

2. (a)

x - y - 2 = 0 ................................................ (ii)

From (ii), x = y + 2 ...................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
(y + 2)2 + (y + 2)y + 4y2 = 4
6y2 + 6y = 0
6y(y + 1) = 0
`
y = 0 or y = -1
Substitute these values of y into (iii):
When y = 0, x = 0 + 2 = 2.
When y = -1, x = -1 + 2 = 1.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

x = - 21 or x = 2
x
6
+ x =4
2

(b)

3
y = 41 - 4 (3) = -2

x2 + xy + 4y2 = 4 .......................................... (i)

2x - 3 = 2x

1. (a)

Substitute (iii) into (i):

x - 6x + 9 = 0
2
(x - 3) = 0
`
x = 3 (repeated)
Substitute x = 3 into (iii):

(P.34)

x2 + y2 = c2 ................................................... (i)

x = 21 or x = 1

x + y = c ....................................................... (ii)

From (ii), y = c - x ...................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
x2 + (c - x)2 = c2
2x2 - 2cx = 0
2x(x - c) = 0
`
x = c or x = 0
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = c, y = c - c = 0.
When x = 0, y = c - 0 = c.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

3. (a)

3
1
x + x+2 = 2
x + 2 + 3x
=2
x (x + 2)

x + 2 + 3x = 2x(x + 2)
2
4x + 2 = 2x + 4x
2
x -1=0
(x - 1)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 1 or x = - 1

are x = c, y = 0 and x = 0, y = c.

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Solutions

4x + 9(1 - x) = x(1 - x)
4x + 9 - 9x = x - x2
x2 - 6x + 9 = 0
(x - 3)2 = 0
`
x = 3 (repeated)

When u = 1, 2x = 1
`
x=0
2

6. (a)

x 2

When u = 7, 7x = 7
`
x= 1
Let u = 3x, then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.
The original equation becomes
32:u2 - 10u + 1 = 0
9u2 - 10u + 1 = 0
(9u - 1)(u - 1) = 0
u = 91 or u = 1

When u = 91 , 3x = 91
`

x = -2

log x + log (x - 3) = log 4


log x(x - 3) = log 4
`
x(x - 3) = 4
x2 - 3x - 4 = 0
(x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
`
x = 4 or x = -1 (rejected)

log (x - 4)(x + 4) = log 9


(x - 4)(x + 4) = 9
x2 - 16 - 9 = 0
x2 - 25 = 0
(x - 5)(x + 5) = 0
` x = 5 or x = -5 (rejected)
`

2x

The original equation becomes


u2 - 56u + 343 = 0
(u - 49)(u - 7) = 0
`
u = 49 or u = 7
When u = 49, 7x = 49
`
x=2

(b) log (x - 4) + log (x + 4) = log 9

(b) Let u = 7 , then u = (7 ) = 7 .

5. (a)

2 x

When u = 4, 4x = 4
`
x= 1

Let u = 2x,
then the original equation becomes
u2 - 5u + 4 = 0
(u - 4)(u - 1) = 0
`
u = 4 or u = 1
When u = 4, 2x = 4
`
x=2

x 2

The original equation becomes


u2 - 20u + 64 = 0
(u - 16)(u - 4) = 0
`
u = 16 or u = 4
When u = 16, 4x = 16
`
x=2

4x + 9 (1 - x)
=1
x (1 - x)

4. (a)

(b) Let u = 4 , then u = (4 ) = (4 ) = 16 .

9
4
+ x =1
1-x

(b)

7. (a)

log (x + 3) + log (x + 12) = 1


log (x + 3)(x + 12) = log 10
`
(x + 3)(x + 12) = 10
x2 + 15x + 36 = 10
x2 + 15x + 26 = 0
(x + 2)(x + 13) = 0
` x = - 2 or x = -13 (rejected)

(b) log2 (x + 1) + log2 (x - 1) = 3

log2 (x + 1)(x - 1) = log28


(x + 1)(x - 1) = 8
x2 - 1 - 8 = 0
x2 - 9 = 0
(x - 3)(x + 3) = 0
` x = 3 or x = -3 (rejected)
`

When u = 1, 3 = 1
`
x=0

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 48

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49

Chapter 1: More about Equations

8. (a)

Let u = sin i, then u2 = sin2i.


The original equation becomes
2u2 - 1 = 0

The original equation becomes


u + u2 = 0
u(u + 1) = 0
`
u = 0 or u = -1
When u = 0, sin i = 0
`
i = 0c, 180c

u2 = 21
2

u=! 2
2

When u = 2 , sin i = 2
`

When u = -1, sin i = -1


`
i = 270c

i = 45c, 135c
2

When u = - 2 , sin i = - 2
`

10. (a)

i = 225c, 315c
2

(b) Let u = tan i, then u = tan i.

The original equation becomes


3u2 - 1 = 0
u2 = 31

u=! 3

i = 30c, 210c

u = 1 or u = - 21

`
3
3
When u = - 3 , tan i = - 3

9. (a)

When u = 1, cos i = 1
`
i = 0c

i = 150c, 330c
2

When u = - 21 , cos i = - 21

Let u = cos i, then u = cos i.


The original equation becomes

2u2 -

3u = 0

u(2u -

3) = 0

u = 0 or u = 2

3
3
When u = 2 , cos i = 2

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 49

i = 120c, 240c

11. No. The value of u obtained is the solution for

When u = 0, cos i = 0
`
i = 90c, 270c

The original equation becomes


2u2 - u - 1 = 0
(u - 1)(2u + 1) = 0

3
3
When u = 3 , tan i = 3

Let u = tan i, then u2 = tan2i.


The original equation becomes
u2 + 2u + 1 = 0
(u + 1)2 = 0
`
u = -1 (repeated)
When u = -1, tan i = -1
`
i = 135c, 315c

(b) Let u = cos i, then u = cos i.

(b) Let u = sin i, then u = sin i.

i = 30c, 330c

the quadratic equation in one unknown instead


of the solution for the original exponential
equation.
When u = 51 , 5x = 51
`

x = -1

When u = 1, 5x = 1
`
x=0

2010/7/20 4:36:48 PM

50

Solutions

12. When solving the equation, we cannot simplify

(b)

the equation by dividing both sides by the

x
6
1
+ 2
= x-1
x+3
3
x -9
2
x (x - 3) + 6
x + 3 - (x - 9 )

common factor which involves the variable. This

x -9

sin i = 2sin2i
sin i(1 - 2sin i) = 0
sin i = 0 or sin i = 21

3 (x - 2)
x+3
+ 1 = x-1
3x - 5

(c)

3 (x - 2)
x + 3 + 3x - 5
= x-1
3x - 5

13. Let the two integers be x and x + 1, then

3 (x - 2)
4x - 2
= x-1
3x - 5

7
1
1
x + x + 1 = 12

(4x - 2)(x - 1) = 3(3x - 5)(x - 2)


4x2 - 6x + 2 = 9x2 - 33x + 30
2
5x - 27x + 28 = 0
(5x - 7)(x - 4) = 0

x+1+x
7
= 12
x (x + 1)

12(x + 1 + x) = 7x(x + 1)
24x + 12 = 7x2 + 7x
2
7x - 17x - 12 = 0
(x - 3)(7x + 4) = 0
x = 3 or x = - 47 (rejected)

` The two integers are 3 and 4.

x -9

x(x - 3) + 6 = x + 3 - x2 + 9
x2 - 2x - 3 = 0
(x + 1)(x - 3) = 0
`
x = - 1 or x = 3 (rejected)

will lose part of the solution.

` i = 0c, 30c, 150c, 180c

7
x = 5 or x = 4

`
16. (a)

Let u = 4 x, then the original equation


becomes
10

u-3= u
14. Let the two numbers be x and x + 2, then

log x + log (x + 2) = log 35


log x(x + 2) = log 35
`
x(x + 2) = 35
x2 + 2x - 35 = 0
(x - 5)(x + 7) = 0
`
x = 5 or x = -7 (rejected)
` The two numbers are 5 and 7.
15. (a)

u2 - 3u = 10
u2 - 3u - 10 = 0
(u + 2)(u - 5) = 0
`
u = -2 or u = 5
When u = -2, 4x = -2 (rejected)
When u = 5, 4x = 5
log 4x = log 5
x log 4 = log 5
log 5

` 2x + 1j (x + 6) = 1
(2 + x) (x + 6)
=1
x

(2 + x)(x + 6) = x
2x + x2 + 12 + 6x = x
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
(x + 4)(x + 3) = 0
`
x = - 4 or x = - 3

x = log 4

= 1.16, cor. to 2 d.p.


x

(b) Let u = 5 , then the original equation

becomes
2u + u1 = 3
2u2 + 1 = 3u
2u - 3u + 1 = 0
(u - 1)(2u - 1) = 0
2

u = 1 or u = 21

When u = 1, 5x = 1
`
x=0

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 50

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51

Chapter 1: More about Equations

(b) log (x - 9) - log (x - 5) = log (2x - 1)

When u = 21 , 5x = 21

x -9

log x - 5 = log (2x - 1)

log 5x = log 21

x log 5 = log 21

x2 - 9 = (2x - 1)(x - 5)
x2 - 11x + 14 = 0

log 21

x = log 5

x=

= - 0.43 , cor. to 2 d.p.


(c)

Let u = 2 x, then the original equation


becomes
2
8 ` u1 j + u1 = 7

11 ! (-11) - 4 (1)(14)
2 (1)
11 + 65
11 - 65
or
(rejected)
2
2

= 9.53, cor. to 2 d.p.


(c)

8
1
2 + u = 7
u

x -9
= 2x - 1
x-5

log3 (4 + x2) - log3 (7 - x) - 2 = 0


4+x

8 + u = 7u2
7u - u - 8 = 0
(u + 1)(7u - 8) = 0

4+x

4 + x2 = 9(7 - x)
x + 9x - 59 = 0
2

When u = 7 , 2x = 7

x=
8

log 2x = log 7

x log 2 = log 7
log 87

x = log 2
= 0.19, cor. to 2 d.p.
17. (a)

log (x - 4) - log (3x - 10) = log ` 1x j


x-4
log 3x - 10 = log ` 1x j

x-4
= 1x
3x - 10

x(x - 4) = 3x - 10
x2 - 7x + 10 = 0
(x - 2)(x - 5) = 0
`
x = 2 (rejected) or x = 5

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 51

4+x
=9
7-x

When u = -1, 2x = -1 (rejected)


8

log3 7 - x = log3 9

8
u = -1 or u = 7

log3 7 - x - log3 9 = 0

-9 ! 9 - 4 (1)(-59)
2 (1)
-9 - 317
-9 + 317
or
2
2

= 4.40 or -13.40 , cor. to 2 d.p.


3

sin2i = 2 cos i

18. (a)

1 - cos2i = 2 cos i
2 - 2 cos2i = 3 cos i
2 cos2i + 3 cos i - 2 = 0
(cos i + 2)(2 cos i - 1) = 0
cos i + 2 = 0 or 2 cos i - 1 = 0
cos i = -2 (rejected) or cos i = 21
` i = 60c, 300c

2010/7/20 4:37:05 PM

52

Solutions

(b)

2 cos2i + 5 sin i = 5
2(1 - sin2i) + 5 sin i = 5
2 - 2 sin2i + 5 sin i - 5 = 0
2 sin2i - 5 sin i + 3 = 0
(sin i - 1)(2 sin i - 3) = 0
sin i - 1 = 0 or 2 sin i - 3 = 0

(c)

sin i tan i + cos i =


2

sin i
4 cos i
+ cos i =
cos i
sin i
2

4 cos i
sin i + cos i
=
sin i
cos i
4 cos i
1
=
cos i
sin i

sin i = 1 or sin i = 2 (rejected)


`
(c)

4 cos2i = sin i
4(1 - sin2i) = sin i
2
4 sin i + sin i - 4 = 0

i = 90c

3 sin2i + 8 cos i - 7 = 0
3(1 - cos2i) + 8 cos i - 7 = 0
3 - 3 cos2i + 8 cos i - 7 = 0
3 cos2i - 8 cos i + 4 = 0
(cos i - 2)(3 cos i - 2) = 0
cos i - 2 = 0 or 3 cos i - 2 = 0
cos i = 2 (rejected) or cos i = 23
` i = 48.19c, 311.81c, cor. to 2 d.p.

19. (a)

` sin i =
=
`

-1 ! 1 - 4 (4)(-4)
2 (4)
-1 + 65
-1 - 65
or
(rejected)
8
8

i = 61.98c, 118.02c, cor. to 2 d.p.

20. Let Jacks original cycling speed be x km/h.

From the question,


30
30
x - x + 3 = 0.5

2 cos i = tan i
sin i
cos i

30 (x + 3) - 30x
= 0.5
x (x + 3)

2 cos2i = sin i
2(1 - sin2i) = sin i
2
2 sin i + sini - 2 = 0

90
= 0.5
x (x + 3)

2 cos i =

` sin i =
=
`

-1 ! 1 - 4 (2)(-2)
2 (2)
-1 + 17
-1 - 17
or
4
4

(rejected)
i = 51.33c, 128.67c, cor. to 2 d.p.
3
+ sin i = 0
tan i

(b)

3 cos i
+ sin i = 0
sin i
2

3 cos i + sin i = 0
3 cos i + (1 - cos2i) = 0
cos2i - 3 cos i - 1 = 0
2

` cos i =
=
`

3 ! (-3) - 4 (1)(-1)
2 (1)
3 - 13
3 + 13
(rejected) or
2
2

i = 107.62c, 252.38c , cor. to 2 d.p.

4
tan i

0.5x(x + 3) = 90
0.5x + 1.5x - 90 = 0
x2 + 3x - 180 = 0
(x + 15)(x - 12) = 0
x = -15 (rejected) or x = 12
` Jacks original cycling speed is 12 km/h.
2

21. (a)

Let the original number of glassware bought


by the students be x.
From the question,
48
(x - 2) ` x + 3 j - 48 = 22
(x - 2) (48 + 3x)
= 70
x

(x - 2)(48 + 3x) = 70x


48x - 96 + 3x2 - 6x - 70x = 0
3x2 - 28x - 96 = 0
(x - 12)(3x + 8) = 0
8

x = 12 or x = - 3 (rejected)
` The original number of glassware bought
by the students was 12.

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 52

2010/7/20 4:37:12 PM

53

Chapter 1: More about Equations

(b) The selling price of each piece of

glassware
48
= $ a 12 + 3 k

Supp. Exercise 1 (P.39)


1. (a)

= $7

From the figure, the points of intersection


of the two graphs are (-1.8 , -0.6) and
(0.3 , 3.6).
` The solutions of the simultaneous

22. From the question,

equations are x = -1.8, y = -0.6 and

20 000(1 - 36%)t - 11 000(1 - 20%)t = 3 000


20 # 0.64t - 11 # 0.8t - 3 = 0
Let u = 0.8t, then u2 = (0.8t)2 = (0.82)t = 0.64t.
The original equation becomes
20u2 - 11u - 3 = 0
(4u - 3)(5u + 1) = 0

x = 0.3, y = 3.6.
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection

of the two graphs is (-1.5 , 6).


` The solution of the simultaneous
equations is x = -1.5, y = 6.

u = 4 or u = - 51

`
3

2.

When u = 4 , 0.8t = 4

10

y = x2+ 2 x 3

3
log 0.8 = log 4
t

t log 0.8 = log 4

log 4

t = log 0.8

= 1.29, cor. to 2 d.p.


When u = - 51 , 0.8t = - 51 (rejected)

y = 2x + 1

23. From the question, R = 25.

25 =

80 tan i
2
1 + tan i

` The value of t is 1.29.

(a)

25(1 + tan2i) = 80 tan i


25 + 25 tan2i - 80 tan i = 0
5 tan2i - 16 tan i + 5 = 0

y = x

Add the graph of y = 2x + 1 to the figure.


y = 2x + 1

-3

-1

-5

-1

16 ! (-16) - 4 (5)(5)
tan i =
2 (5)

From the figure, the solutions of the

16 - 156
16 + 156
=
or
10
10

` i = 70.66c or 19.34c, cor. to 2 d.p.


` The minimum value of i is 19.34c.

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 53

simultaneous equations are x = -2,


y = -3 and x = 2, y = 5.

2010/7/20 4:37:16 PM

54

Solutions

(b) Add the graph of y = -x to the figure.

y = -x

-4

-2

-2

5. *

simultaneous equations are x = -3.8,


y = 3.8 and x = 0.8, y = -0.8.
y = x2 + 1 ....................................................... (i)

are x = 2, y = 6 and x = -6, y = -2.

y = 3 - x ....................................................... (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


x2 + 1 = 3 - x
x2 + x + 1 - 3 = 0
x2 + x - 2 = 0
(x - 1)(x + 2) = 0
`
x = 1 or x = -2
Substitute these values of x into (ii):
When x = 1, y = 3 - 1 = 2.
When x = -2, y = 3 - (-2) = 5.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

6. *

y = x (x + 2) .................................................. (i)
3x - y + 2 = 0 .............................................. (ii)

(i) + (ii):

3x + 2 = x(x + 2)
3x + 2 = x2 + 2x
2
x -x-2=0
(x + 1)(x - 2) = 0
`
x = -1 or x = 2
Substitute these values of x into (i):
When x = -1, y = (-1)(-1 + 2) = -1.
When x = 2, y = 2(2 + 2) = 8.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

are x = 1, y = 2 and x = -2, y = 5.


4. *

y = x + 4 ....................................................... (ii)

Substitute (ii) into (i):


x(x + 4) = 12
2
x + 4x - 12 = 0
(x - 2)(x + 6) = 0
`
x = 2 or x = -6
Substitute these values of x into (ii):
When x = 2, y = 2 + 4 = 6.
When x = -6, y = -6 + 4 = -2.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

From the figure, the solutions of the

3. *

xy = 12 .......................................................... (i)

y = x2 - 2x + 3 .............................................. (i)

are x = -1, y = -1 and x = 2, y = 8.

3x - y = 1 ..................................................... (ii)

(i) + (ii):

3x = x2 - 2x + 3 + 1
x2 - 5x + 4 = 0
(x - 4)(x - 1) = 0
`
x = 4 or x = 1
From (ii), y = 3x - 1 .................................... (iii)
Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = 4, y = 3(4) - 1 = 11.
When x = 1, y = 3(1) - 1 = 2.
` The solutions of the simultaneous equations
are x = 4, y = 11 and x = 1, y = 2.

x
8
=4- x
2

7.

4x - 8
x
=
x
2

x2 = 2(4x - 8)
x2 - 8x + 16 = 0
(x - 4)2 = 0
`
x = 4 (repeated)
8.

1
+ 2x = 3
x+1
x + 2 (x + 1)
=3
x (x + 1)

x + 2x + 2 = 3x2 + 3x
3x2 - 2 = 0
x2 = 23
`

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 54

x = 0.82 or x = - 0.82 , cor. to 2 d.p.

2010/7/20 4:37:20 PM

Chapter 1: More about Equations

9.

2x - 4 = 8x
2
2x - 4 = 23x
`
x2 - 4 = 3x
2
x - 3x - 4 = 0
(x + 1)(x - 4) = 0
`
x = - 1 or x = 4

55

13.

(log x)2 - log x2 = 3


(log x)2 - 2 log x = 3
(log x)2 - 2 log x - 3 = 0
(log x + 1)(log x - 3) = 0
`
log x = -1 or log x = 3
`
x = 10-1 or
x = 103
= 0.1
= 1 000

14.

4 cos2i = 3cos i
cos i(4 cos i - 3) = 0

10. Let u = 5 , then the original equation becomes


2

u - 7u + 6 = 0
(u - 1)(u - 6) = 0
`
u = 1 or u = 6
When u = 1, 5x = 1
`
x=0

cos i = 0 or cos i = 4
` i = 90c, 270c or

When u = 6, 5x = 6
log 5x = log 6

i = 41.41c, 318.59c, cor. to 2 d.p.

log 6

x = log 5

15.

= 1.11, cor. to 2 d.p.


x

x 2

2 x

6 sin2i - sin i - 1 = 0
(2 sin i - 1)(3 sin i + 1) = 0
2 sin i - 1 = 0 or 3 sin i + 1 = 0
sin i = 21 or

11. Let u = 2 , then u = (2 ) = (2 ) = 4 .

The original equation becomes


u2 - 5u + 4 = 0
(u - 4)(u - 1) = 0
`
u = 4 or u = 1
When u = 4, 2x = 4
`
x=2
When u = 1, 2x = 1
`
x=0
12. log (x + 2) + log x = 1

16. (a)

2x + y = 5

(b)

2x + y = 5 ............................................. (i)

x + y2 = 10

x + y = 10 ........................................... (ii)

-2 ! 44
2

` y = 3 or y = - 2 (rejected)

= -1 + 11 or -1 - 11 (rejected)
= 2.32, cor. to 2 d.p.

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 55

i = 199.47c, 340.53c, cor. to 2 d.p.

-2 ! 2 - 4 (1)(-10)
2 (1)

i = 30c, 150c or

From (ii), x = 10 - y2 .......................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
2(10 - y2) + y = 5
20 - 2y2 + y - 5 = 0
2y2 - y - 15 = 0
(y - 3)(2y + 5) = 0

log (x + 2)(x) = log 10


`
x2 + 2x = 10
2
x + 2x - 10 = 0
x=

sin i = - 31

Substitute y = 3 into (iii):


x = 10 - 32
= 1

2010/7/20 4:37:26 PM

56

Solutions

17. Let the denominator of the original fraction be

x, then
7+2
7
1
- x = 20
x+2
9x - 7 (x + 2)
1
= 20
x (x + 2)
2x - 14
1
= 20
2
x + 2x

19. (a)

Draw the graph of y = 3x - x2 + 1 from


x = -1 to x = 4.
y = 3x - x2 + 1

-1

-3

-3

x2 + 2x = 20(2x - 14)
x2 - 38x + 280 = 0
(x - 10)(x - 28) = 0
`
x = 10 or x = 28
When x = 10,

6
5
4
3

the original fraction is 10 .

When x = 28,

the original fraction is 28 (rejected).

` The original fraction is 10 .


18. (a)

y = 2x + 4

1
2

y = 3 x x2+ 1

The original width


3

= 224
x cm
The new width

225
= ` 224
x + 1j cm a or x - 1 cm k

(b) From the question,

(x - 1) ` 224
x + 1j = 224 + 1
(x - 1) (224 + x)
= 225
x

224x - 224 + x2 - x = 225x


x2 - 2x - 224 = 0
(x - 16)(x + 14) = 0
` x = 16 or x = -14 (rejected)

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 56

(b) Add the graph of y = 2x + 4 to the figure


in (a).

y = 2x + 4

-1

-0.5

From the figure, the two graphs have no


points of intersection.
` The simultaneous equations have no
real solutions.

2010/7/20 4:37:30 PM

57

Chapter 1: More about Equations

20. (a)

Draw the graph of y = x2 + 5x + 10 from


x = -10 to x = 5.

-10 -8

-5

10

10

34

60

21.

x + y = 25 .................................................... (i)
2

5 - 3x = y ..................................................... (ii)

Substitute (ii) into (i):


2

60

34

50

x = 2 (repeated)
3

Substitute x = 2 into (ii):


3
y = 5 - 3a 2 k

2 0
10
20

40

10
4

20

4x - 12x + 9 = 0
2
(2x - 3) = 0

30

10 8

x + 25 - 30x + 9x - 2 = 0

60

y = x2+ 5 x + 10

x + (5 - 3x) = 2

= 21

` The solution of the simultaneous equations


y = 15 5 x

3
is x = 2 , y = 21 .

30

22. *

40

(b) Add the graph of y = -15 - 5x to the


figure in (a).

y = -15 - 5x

-10

-5

35

10

-15

-40

From the figure, the solution of the


simultaneous equations is x = -5, y = 10.

(x - 8) (y - 4) = - 5 ...................................... (i)
x - 2y = 6 .................................................... (ii)

From (ii): x = 2y + 6 .................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
(2y + 6 - 8)(y - 4) = -5
2y2 - 2y - 8y + 8 + 5 = 0
2y2 - 10y + 13 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (-10)2 - 4(2)(13)
= -4
10
` There are no real solutions for y.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions.

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58

Solutions

* y+3

2x2 + y2 = 11 ................................................. (i)

23.

y-x
= 2 ............................................... (ii)

From (ii): 2(y + 3) = 3(y - x)


y = 3x + 6 ....................... (iii)
Substitute (iii) into (i):
2
2
2x + (3x + 6) = 11
2
2
2x + 9x + 36x + 36 = 11
2
11x + 36x + 25 = 0
(11x + 25)(x + 1) = 0

25. Rewrite the given equation as:

3x + 2y = 2 ................................................... (i)
9xy + 6y2 - 9x2 = 2 ..................................... (ii)
3

From (i): y = 1 - 2 x ................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (ii):
9x a1 - 2 x k + 6 a1 - 2 x k - 9x2 = 2
27

27

9x - 2 x2 + 6 - 18x + 2 x2 - 9x2 - 2 = 0

25

9x2 + 9x - 4 = 0
(3x + 4)(3x - 1) = 0

x = - 11 or x = -1

Substitute these values of x into (iii):


25
25
9
When x = - 11 , y = 3 a- 11 k + 6 = - 11 .

` x = - 43 or x = 31

When x = -1, y = 3(-1) + 6 = 3.

When x = - 43 , y = 1 - 2 a- 43 k = 3.

Substitute these values of x into (iii):


3

` The solutions of the simultaneous equations


25

are x = - 11 , y = - 11 and x = -1, y = 3.


24. Rewrite the given equation as:

3
When x = 31 , y = 1 - 2 a 31 k = 21 .

` The solutions of the simultaneous equations

2x - y = 3 ................................................... (i)

are x = - 43 , y = 3 and x = 31 , y = 21 .

y - 4x = 3 .................................................... (ii)

From (ii): y = 4x + 3 .................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
2x2 - (4x + 3)2 = 3
2
2x - 16x2 - 24x - 9 = 3
7x2 + 12x + 6 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (12)2 - 4(7)(6)
= -24
10
` There are no real solutions for x.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions.

26. *

y = mx - 1 ..................................................... (i)
xy = 1 ............................................................ (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


x(mx - 1) = 1
mx2 - x - 1 = 0
The discriminant of the equation is:
D = (-1)2 - 4(m)(-1)
= 1 + 4m
Since the simultaneous equations have no real
solutions, there are no real solutions for x.
i.e. D = 1 + 4m 1 0
` m 1 - 41

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Chapter 1: More about Equations

(1 + x)

27.

31. Let u = 3 , then the original equation becomes

-4=0

(1 + x)
x

243
u = 36 - u

=4

(1 + x) = 4x
2
2
1 + 2x + x = 4x
2
3x - 2x - 1 = 0
(x - 1)(3x + 1) = 0

243 = 36u - u2
u - 36u + 243 = 0
(u - 27)(u - 9) = 0
`
u = 27 or u = 9
When u = 27, 3x = 27
`
x=3
2

x = 1 or x = - 31

28.

3
1
1
2 - x-1 = 4
(x - 1)
3 - (x - 1)
= 41
2
(x - 1)

When u = 9, 3x = 9
`
x=2
x

x (x + 3) - (1 - x) (x - 2)
17
= 4
x (x - 2)
2

x + 3x - 3x + x + 2
17
= 4
2
x - 2x

16u2 - 10u + 1 = 0
(8u - 1)(2u - 1) = 0
`

22x = 2-3
2x = -3
`

17(x2 - 2x) = 4(2x2 + 2)


9x - 34x - 8 = 0
(9x + 2)(x - 4) = 0
x = - 29 or x = 4

x = -2

When u = 21 , 4x = 21
22x = 2-1
2x = -1

u = 81 or u = 21

When u = 81 , 4x = 81

2x + 2
17
= 4
2
x - 2x

x = - 21
2

33. log (x + 1) - log (3x - 5) = -1

log
1 a 1
+ 3 k = 10
2x + 1 2x + 1

30.

x+2

u:42 + u1 = 10

x+3
1-x
17
- x = 4
x-2

The original equation becomes

(x - 1)2 = 4(4 - x)
2
x - 2x + 1 = 16 - 4x
2
x + 2x - 15 = 0
(x - 3)(x + 5) = 0
`
x = 3 or x = - 5

32. Let u = 4 , then u:4 = 4 :4 = 4

4-x
1
2 = 4
(x - 1)

29.

59

1 + 3 (2x + 1)
1
:
= 10
2x + 1
2x + 1

x+1
1
= log 10
2
3x - 5
x+1
1
= 10
2
3x - 5

3x2 - 5 = 10(x + 1)
3x2 - 10x - 15 = 0

6x + 4
2 = 10
(2x + 1)

10(2x + 1)2 = 6x + 4
40x + 40x + 10 = 6x + 4
20x2 + 17x + 3 = 0
(5x + 3)(4x + 1) = 0
2

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x = - 5 or x = - 41

2010/7/20 4:37:51 PM

60

Solutions

x=

10 ! (-10) - 4 (3)(-15)
2 (3)
10 ! 280
6

-2 ! 52
8

5 + 70
5 - 70
or
(rejected)
3
3

-1 + 13
-1 - 13
or
(rejected)
4
4

2x

34. log (10

- 56) - x = 0
2x
log (10 - 56) = x
2x
x
`
10 - 56 = 10
x 2
x
(10 ) - 10 - 56 = 0
x
x
(10 - 8)(10 + 7) = 0
x
x
`
10 = 8 or 10 = -7 (rejected)
x = log 8
= 0.90, cor. to 2 d.p.
tan i +

-2 ! 2 - 4 (4)(-3)
2 (4)

= 4.46, cor. to 2 d.p.

35.

cos i =

` i = 49.35c, 310.65c, cor. to 2 d.p.


38. (a)

3 sin x + 4 sin x cos x - 4 cos x = 0


2

3 sin x
4 sin x cos x
4 cos x
+
=0
2
2
2
cos x
cos x
cos x
2

3 tan x + 4 tan x - 4 = 0
2

(b) 3 sin x + 4 sin x cos x - 4 cos x = 0


2

3 tan x + 4 tan x - 4 = 0 (From (a))


(tan x + 2)(3 tan x - 2) = 0
` tan x + 2 = 0or 3 tan x - 2 = 0

1
= -2
tan i

tan x = -2 or

tan2i + 1 = -2 tan i
tan i + 2tan i + 1 = 0
(tan i + 1)2 = 0
tan i = -1 (repeated)
`
i = 135c, 315c

tan x = 23

` x = 116.57c, 296.57c or

36.

x = 33.69c, 213.69c, cor. to 2 d.p.


39. (a)

From the question,


xy = 35
*
10x + y - (10y + x) = 18

5 cos i + 2 sin2i + 1 = 0
5 cos i + 2(1 - cos2i) + 1 = 0
5 cos i + 2 - 2 cos2i + 1 = 0
2 cos2i - 5 cos i - 3 = 0
(cos i - 3)(2 cos i + 1) = 0
` cos i - 3 = 0 or 2 cos i + 1 = 0
cos i = 3 (rejected) or cos i = - 21
` i = 120c, 240c

37.

tan i =

2 + cos i
3 sin i

sin i
2 + cos i
=
cos i
3 sin i

3 sin2i = cos i(2 + cos i)


3(1 - cos2i) = 2 cos i + cos2i
4 cos2i + 2 cos i - 3 = 0

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 60

The original number is 10x + y and the


new number is 10y + x.

i.e. *
(b)

xy = 35
x-y = 2

xy = 35 .................................................. (i)
x - y = 2 .............................................. (ii)

From (ii): y = x - 2 .............................. (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
x(x - 2) = 35
x2 - 2x - 35 = 0
(x - 7)(x + 5) = 0
`
x = 7 or x = -5 (rejected)
Substitute x = 7 into (iii):
y=7-2=5
` The original two-digit number is 75.

2010/7/20 4:37:56 PM

Chapter 1: More about Equations

40. (a)

From the question,

x + y = 500
3x + (x - y) + 3y = 100

i.e. *
(b)

42. Let the time taken for the cyclist to finish the

journey by the longer route be x hours.


From the question,
20
24
x - x + 0.5 = 4

x2 + y2 = 500
2x + y = 50

24 (x + 0.5) - 20x
=4
x (x + 0.5)

x2 + y2 = 500 ........................................ (i)

4x + 12
=4
2
x + 0.5x

2x + y = 50 .......................................... (ii)

From (ii): y = 50 - 2x ......................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (i):
x2 + (50 - 2x)2 = 500
2
x + 2 500 - 200x + 4x2 = 500
x2 - 40x + 400 = 0
(x - 20)2 = 0
`
x = 20 (repeated)
Substitute x = 20 into (iii):
y = 50 - 2(20) = 10
` The length of the longest side of the
foundation
= (x + y) m
= (20 + 10) m
= 30 m
41. Let the number of members of the club be x.

From the question,


2 000
2 000
- x = 25
x-4
2 000x - 2 000 (x - 4)
= 25
(x - 4) x
8 000
= 25
2
x - 4x
2

25(x - 4x) = 8 000


25x2 - 100x - 8 000 = 0
x2 - 4x - 320 = 0
(x - 20)(x + 16) = 0
`
x = 20 or x = -16 (rejected)
` The number of members of the club is 20.

61

4x + 12 = 4x2 + 2x
4x + 2x - 4x - 12 = 0
2x2 - x - 6 = 0
(x - 2)(2x + 3) = 0
2

x = 2 or x = - 2 (rejected)

` It takes 2 hours for the cyclist to finish the


journey by the longer route.
43. According to the question, we need to find the

value of x when P = 0.
` 11 000(2-0.02x) - 8 000(2-0.04x) - 3 000 = 0
11(2-0.02x) - 8(2-0.04x) - 3 = 0
Let u = 2-0.02x, then u2 = (2-0.02x)2 = 2-0.04x.
The original equation becomes
11u - 8u2 - 3 = 0
8u2 - 11u + 3 = 0
(u - 1)(8u - 3) = 0
3

u = 1 or u = 8

When u = 1, 2-0.02x = 1
x = 0 (rejected)
3

When u = 8 , 2-0.02x = 8

log 8

-0.02x = log 2
3

log 8

x = - 0.02 log 2
= 70.75, cor. to 2 d.p.
` The machine can produce paint at most for
70.75 months.

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62

Solutions

44. From the question, H = 5.


9

` 5 = 12 tan i - 5 (1 + tan2i)

46. (a)

Let the time taken for tap A alone to fill up


the tank be x minutes.
From the question,

25 = 60 tan i - 9 - 9 tan2i
9 tan2i - 60 tan i + 34 = 0
2

tan i =

60 ! (-60) - 4 (9)(34)
2 (9)

60 ! 2 376
18

10 + 66
10 - 66
or
3
3

` i = 32.02c, 80.60c, cor. to 2 d.p.


` The maximum value of i is 80.60c.
45. Let the speed of the cruise ship be x km/h.

30
30
x + x - 25 = 1
30 (x - 25) + 30x
=1
x (x - 25)
60x - 750
=1
2
x - 25x

60x - 750 = x2 - 25x


x - 85x + 750 = 0
(x - 75)(x - 10) = 0
` x = 75 or x = 10 (rejected)
` The time taken for tap A alone to fill
2

up the tank is 75 minutes.

From the question,


840
840
+ x - 3 = 37.5
x+3
840 (x - 3) + 840 (x + 3)
= 37.5
(x + 3) (x - 3)

(b) The time taken for tap B alone to fill up

the tank
= (75 - 25) minutes
= 50 minutes

1 680x
= 37.5
2
x -9

37.5(x2 - 9) = 1 680x
37.5x - 337.5 - 1 680x = 0
5x2 - 224x - 45 = 0
(x - 45)(5x + 1) = 0
2

` x = 45 or x = - 51 (rejected)
` The time taken for the cruise ship to arrive
at town B
840

= 45 + 3 hours
= 17.5 hours
` The cruise ship arrived at town B at
11:30 p.m.

Integrated Questions
(cross-chapters)
47. Substituting x = -3 into the equation

2x2 + ax - 12b = 0, we have


2(-3)2 + a(-3) - 12b = 0
i.e.
6 - a - 4b = 0 .................. (i)
Since the equation x2 - ax + b = 0 has two
equal real roots,
the discriminant D = 0
i.e. (-a)2 - 4(1)(b) = 0
a2 - 4b = 0 .............................. (ii)
(ii) - (i):
a2 + a - 6 = 0
(a - 2)(a + 3) = 0
`
a = 2 or a = -3
From (i): b = 41 (6 - a) ................................ (iii)
Substitute these values of a into (iii):
When a = 2, b = 41 (6 - 2) = 1.
9
When a = -3, b = 41 [6 - (-3)] = 4 .
9

` a = 2, b = 1 or a = -3, b = 4 .

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63

Chapter 1: More about Equations

48. (a)

From the figure, the y-intercept is 18.


` c = 18

49. From the question, 2 ab = 12 4 .................... (i)

The equation of the straight line can be written


2

(b) y = ax + bx + c

as y = - a x + b

b
= a` x + a xj + c
2

2
b
b
b
= a ; x + a x + a 2a k - a 2a k E + c
2

b
b
= a a x + 2a k + c - 4a
2

3 = - a (2) + b

a The vertex of the parabola is (3 , 0).


2

Given that the line passes through (2 , 3), we


have

b
c - 4a = 0

i.e.

3a = -2b + ab ................................... (ii)


49

From (i): a = 2b ........................................... (iii)


Substitute (iii) into (ii):
49
49
3 a 2b k = -2b + a 2b k b

b
i.e. 18 - 4a = 0
2

b
4a = 18

b2 = 72a
(c)

a The vertex of the parabola is (3 , 0).


b

` - 2a = 3
`
b = -6a .................................... (i)
Substitute (i) into the equation of (b):
(-6a)2 = 72a
36a2 = 72a
a2 - 2a = 0
a(a - 2) = 0
`
a = 0 (rejected) or a = 2
Substitute a = 2 into (i):
b = -6(2) = - 12

147
49
= -2b + 2
2b

4b2 - 49b + 147 = 0


(b - 7)(4b - 21) = 0
b = 7 or b = 21
4

Substitute these values of b into (iii):


49

When b = 7, a = 2 (7) = 2 .
When b = 21
,a=
4

49

= 14
.
3

k
2 a 21
4

When a = 2 and b = 7,
the equation of the line AB is
y=-

7
7
2

x+7

i.e. 2x + y - 7 = 0
When a = 14
and b = 21
,
4
3
the equation of the line AB is
y=-

21
4
14
3

x + 21
4

i.e. 9x + 8y - 42 = 0

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64

Solutions

Lively Maths Problem

3.

50. Let the number of chickens he bought be x.

From the question,

j
` 1 000
x + 18 (x - 5) +

y - x + 3x = 1 ..................................... (i)
3x - 2y - 4 = 1 .................................... (ii)

(i) # 2 + (ii):
2

-2x + 9x - 4 = 3
2
2x - 9x + 7 = 0
(x - 1)(2x - 7) = 0

j
` 1 000
x - 10 # 5 = 1 000 + 220

Rewrite the given equation as:

(1 000 + 18x)(x - 5) +
5(1 000 - 10x) = 1 220x
1 000x + 18x2 - 5 000 90x + 5 000 - 50x = 1 220x

18x2 - 360x = 0

x2 - 20x = 0

x(x - 20) = 0
` x = 0 (rejected) or x = 20
` He bought 20 chickens.

x = 1 or x = 2

From (ii): y = 21 (3x - 5) ..................... (iii)


Substitute these values of x into (iii):
When x = 1, y = 21 [3(1) - 5] = -1.
7
7
When x = 2 , y = 21 : 3 a 2 k - 5 D = 11
.
4

` y = -1 or 11
4

Revision Test (P.47)


1.

4.

From the figure, the points of intersection of

2+x+4-x
3
= 4
(4 - x) (2 + x)

the graphs of y = x2 - 4 and y = -x + 2


are (-3 , 5) and (2 , 0).
` The solutions of the simultaneous

6
3
= 4
(4 - x) (2 + x)

equations are (-3 , 5) and (2 , 0).

2.

2
1
2 = 4
8 + 2x - x

8 + 2x - x2 = 8
x2 - 2x = 0
x(x - 2) = 0
`
x = 0 or x = 2

y = -x2 + x + 1 ..................................... (i)


y = 5 - 3x ............................................ (ii)

Substitute (i) into (ii):


-x2 + x + 1 = 5 - 3x
-x2 + x + 3x + 1 - 5 = 0
x2 - 4x + 4 = 0
(x - 2)2 = 0
`
x = 2 (repeated)

01 NSS TM 5A (E)-2P-KJ.indd 64

3
1
1
+ 2+
= 4
4-x
x

5.

Let u = 2x, then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x.


The original equation becomes
u2 + 2u - 8 = 0
(u + 4)(u - 2) = 0
`
u = -4 or u = 2
When u = -4, 2x = -4 (rejected)
When u = 2, 2x = 2
`
x= 1

2010/7/20 4:38:20 PM

Chapter 1: More about Equations

6.

65

log3 (2x + 1) + log3 (x - 2) = 1


log3 (2x + 1)(x - 2) = log3 3
(2x + 1)(x - 2) = 3
2
2x - 3x - 5 = 0
(x + 1)(2x - 5) = 0

` x = -1 (rejected) or x = 2
7.

4 cos i - 9 cos (180c + i) + 2 = 0


2

4 cos i + 9 cos i + 2 = 0
(cos i + 2)(4 cos i + 1) = 0
` cos i + 2 = 0 or 4 cos i + 1 = 0
cos i = -2 (rejected) or cos i = - 41
a 0c G i 1 180c
` i = 104.48c, cor. to 2 d.p.
i.e. The equation has 1 root.
8.

The speed of the car is (x - 5) km/h after


decreasing and the time taken will be
900
hours.
x-5

From the question, we have


900
900
- x = 2.
x-5

HKCEE Questions
9. D

10. B

11. E

12. D

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. C

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