The Pontifical and Royal

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
E !a"a# Manila $%$$

UST Ca&!' (icycle )e!ot

A research submitted to Arch. Edgar Lee and Arch. Patrick dela Cuesta In partial fulfilment of the Requirements needed in Plate No. 3 !esign "

#$% &ohn Rick 'ar(ell #artolome &ho$ Lan)a Paolo Antonio 'arasigan #ianca 'ae 'ingala Patricia 'ae *ian)on +AR,-

".+/

I.

UST Campus, Buildings & Vehicle routes CAMPUS *he 0ni1ersit$ sits on an almost perfect square of "+.2 hectares bounded b$ Espa3a #oule1ard P. No1al A.4. Lacson and !apitan 5t in 5ampaloc 'anila. *he 0ni1ersit$ transferred to its present campus in +6"7 (hen the !ominicans deemed the Intramuros Campus inadequate for the 0ni1ersit$8s gro(ing population. *he first structures in the campus (ere the imposing 'ain #uilding the 5antisimo Rosario Parish the 05* 9$m :once the largest g$m in the countr$; and the Arch of the Centuries. *he campus at present boasts a mi<ture of old and ne( architecture (ith the inclusion of the 05* multi,deck carpark (hich houses the Alfredo '. =ela$o College of Accountanc$ and the 05* 5ports Comple< the second modern sports facilit$ to be constructed b$ a 0AAP member school. >ther ne( structures include the #eato Angelico #uilding (hich houses the College of Architecture and College of ?ine Arts and !esign the Pla)a 'a$or the 05* @uadricentennial 5quare and Alumni Park *homas Aquinas Research Comple< and the 05* *an Aan Bee 5tudent Center. *he 05* 'anila campus (as declared a National 4istorical Landmark b$ the National 4istorical Commission of the Philippines on "/ 'a$ ".++. ?our of the 0ni1ersit$8s structures are also declared National Cultural *reasures b$ the National 'useum% 'ain #uilding Arch of the Centuries 5antissimo Rosario Central 5eminar$ as (ell as the 9randstand and the 0ni1ersit$ field. 05* is the first and onl$ uni1ersit$ campus to ha1e been named a National 4istorical Landmark and the onl$ learning institution in the Philippines as location of National Cultural *reasures. *he 0ni1ersit$ has started to de1elop upcoming campuses in 5anta Rosa Cit$ :-. hectares; 9eneral 5antos Cit$ :C. hectares; and Negombo 5ri Lanka :2 hectares;. *he 0ni1ersit$ is also in the process of establishing a presence in 'ongolia. In ".++ the 0ni1ersit$ celebrated its /..th founding anni1ersar$ and it is proDected that the ne( campuses (ill be operational b$ then. Prominent landmarks%

'ain #uilding Roque Rua3o #uilding 5aint 'artin de Porres #uilding 5aint Ra$mund de Pe3afort #uilding

Streets%

Arch of the Centuries ?ountain of Eisdom ?ountain of Bno(ledge 'ain #uilding 'iguel de #ena1ides 'onument 05* 'iguel de #ena1ides Librar$ :formerl$ UST Central Library;

*he streets of the 0ni1ersit$ (ere non,e<istent until 'arch +6-.. *he prominent uni1ersit$ streets are Intramuros and %sme&a !ri"e. !ri"e #ue$on !ri"e

Parks and ardens%

Pla)a Intramuros Pla)a #ena1ides Pla)a Calderon Pla)a 'a$or #otanical 9arden Rosarium

Medical Buildings%

05* 4ealth 5er1ice 05* 4ospital 05*4 Clinical !i1ision 05*4,'iguel de #ena1ides Cancer Institute 05*4 Angelo Bing Auditorium 05* 'edical Arts #uilding 05* 'edicine Cinematorium

College Buildings%

Albertus 'agnus #uilding Alfredo '. =ela$o #uilding #eato Angelico #uilding #ena1ides #uilding

05* 'useum of Arts and 5ciences 05* 'ulti,deck Carpark and ?ood Center 05* #uildings and 9rounds >ffice 05* Central 5eminar$ 05* 9randstand and Parade 9rounds

*homasian Alumni Center :under construction; 05* Publishing 4ouse 5antissimo Rosario Parish @uadricentennial Pa1ilion 05* *an Aan Bee 5tudent Center *homas Aquinas Research Comple< :*ARC;

Museums%

%ther 'andmarks%

!r. &ulieta 4a$ag,'anchanda 05* Anatom$ 9aller$ 05* #eato Angelico Art 9aller$ 05* 'edicine 'useum

CAMPUS 'I() *he 0ni1ersit$ pulsates (ith $outhful life. 05* students number an$(here bet(een /" ... to // ... students (here some +" ... are freshmen. 5een on campus are different manifestations of academic life from students (hose backs are stooped (hile making sketches of 0ni1ersit$ landmarks for their course requirements to those (hose e$es are glued on the pages of their books and e,books reading intentl$ for class and the students (ho tirelessl$ rehearse dance steps for their PE practical e<ams. >thers are either on their (a$ to or from class (alking (ith friends or Dust b$ themsel1es tra1ersing the t(o,(a$ streets named after the 0ni1ersit$Fs illustrious alumni. #ut not e1er$thing on campus is about the *homasiansF academic de1elopment because the 0ni1ersit$Fs goal is to pro1ide them (ith holistic formation. 5tudents are also immersed in communit$ de1elopment acti1ities that take place in campus such as the annual Pistang Tomas Communit$ *rade ?air usuall$ held at the @uadricentennial 5quare in !ecember. ?ood and other indigenous products of the partner communities and organi)ations are put on sale. *his is not onl$ a 1enue for students to help the partner communities and interact (ith their members but also this becomes an a1enue for inculcating the 1alues of social responsibilit$. E1entuall$ these students (ill take conscious efforts to transform societ$. G*here is more fun in 05*HI ?un acti1ities also take place in Espa3a. ?reshmen curiousl$ 1isit the student organi)ation booths lined up at the Pla)a 'a$or and look into groups that (ill match their interest skills and needs through JRecruitment +.+F that takes place in &une. #efore the academic $ear ends in the earl$ part of ?ebruar$ graduating students flock to the #ena1ides Pla)a to take part in the annual &ob ?air (here more than a hundred companies Doin. 9raduating students eagerl$ check out compan$ booths for schedules of compan$ orientation and go o1er gloss$ compan$ fl$ers brochures being distributed e<cited o1er potential emplo$ers.I Aside from fun acti1ities are religious and historical e1ents. In &une freshmen take the traditional G?reshmen Eelcome EalkI b$ passing through the Arch of the Centuries as a s$mbol of Jbecoming *homasiansF because the same Arch (as the door(a$ of the 0ni1ersit$ (hen it (as still in Intramuros. *his is called the JRite of PassageF. *his culminates (ith the traditional concelebrated 'ass (here the Rector himself presides and takes the opportunit$ to (elcome personall$ the ne( set of 05* students. In !ecember the 05* 9randstand and the >pen ?ield is the site of J PaskuhanF. It starts (ith the Panunuluyan, the search of &oseph and 'ar$ for the inn (here &esus (as to be born. *his is follo(ed b$ the concelebrated Christmas 'ass (hich usuall$ coincides (ith the beginning of the Misa de Gallo. A program featuring mainstream li1e bands ensue and the celebration ends (ith the much,anticipated fire(orks displa$.

In 'arch graduating students gather at the 9randstand for the #accalaureate 'ass. After the Eucharistic celebration are post,'ass acti1ities that include the blessing and imposition of the *homasian 'ission Cross the recitation of the *homasian Pledge of Lo$alt$ and the Ceremon$ of the Light. *his is follo(ed b$ the fire(orks displa$ and the send,off rites (here the Rector and the 5ecretar$ 9eneral lead the candidates for graduation in passing through the Arch of the Centuries. *his time the students s$mbolicall$ Glea1e the 0ni1ersit$I b$ (alking through the Arch facing Espa3a #l1d. *his is a s$mbolic act of their Greadiness to face the challenges of professional life and fulfill the mission of ser1ing the Church the nation and the famil$ as future *homasian professionals.I *he landscaped open spaces kno(n as #ena1ides 9arden (hich starts from the #ena1ides 'onument and ends at the Arch of the Centuries the Pla)a 'a$or fronting the 'ain #uilding the @uadricentennial 5quare found bet(een the 'ain #uilding and the #ena1ides Librar$ K all are teeming (ith students e<hibiting mi<ed emotions of happiness and an<iet$ but are generall$ e<cited about prospects of a ne( da$ in class or off,campus confident that toda$Fs inputs reached after hours of group practice or stud$ (ill merit a positi1e outcome.

U*IV)+SIT, (ACI'ITI)S

Building

Image

Constructed

St-le

Architect

*otes

ACA!E'IC ?ACILI*IE5 Named after the !ominican Albertus 'agnus the building Albertus 'agnus #uilding +6-6 'anuel ?rancisco houses the College of Education the College of *ourism and 4ospitalit$ 'anagement the Conser1ator$ of 'usic and theEducation 4igh 5chool. Located in front of the 05* 4ospital a four,le1el structure 05* Carpark and College of Accountanc$ #uilding :Alfredo '. =ela$o; "../ ?orm follo(s function Pedro Recio and Carmelo Casas (herein the first three le1els consist of a multi,le1el carpark (ith operating commercial spaces in the first t(o le1els. *he05*,A'= College of Accountanc$ occupies the fourth le1el of the building. *he eight,store$ structure named after ?ra Angelico houses #eato Angelico #uilding +66+ ".."K"..3 the College of Architecture and the College of ?ine Arts Postmodern Aolanda Re$es and !esign. It also houses *he 05* Publishing 4ouse (hich took the place of the 05* Press and the 05* Printing >ffice.. Engracio L. 'ariano *he building (as built after the original edifice (as burned do(n on +672. Currentl$ the 05* 4igh 5chool occupies the building.

#ena1ides #uilding

+67C

Building

Image

Constructed

St-le

Architect

*otes *he 'ain #uilding of the 0ni1ersit$ of 5anto *omas declared a national treasure b$ the Philippine go1ernment

'ain #uilding

+6"7

Renaissance Re1i1al

Roque Rua3o

houses the Administration offices the ?acult$ of Ci1il La( the?acult$ of Pharmac$ the College of 5cience and the Institute of Religion.

?ernando >campo Roque Rua3o #uilding +62. International 5t$le and &ulio =ictor Rocha

It is a fi1e,store$ E,shaped building named after the alumnus (ho designed the 05* 'ain #uilding Re1. ?r. Roque Rua3o >.P.. It houses the ?acult$ of Engineering. Named after 'artin de Porres the building is the home of

'anuel ?rancisco 5t. 'artin de Porres #uilding +62" #auhaus and &ulio =ictor Rocha

the ?acult$ of 'edicine and 5urger$ College of Nursing and College of Rehabilitation 5ciences. *he 05* 'edicine Auditorium the largest auditorium in 05* is also located in this structure. Named after 5t. Ra$mund de Pe3afort the patron saints of la($ers the building houses both the ?acult$ of Arts and Letters and the College of Commerce and #usiness Administration.

5t. Ra$mund de Pe3afort #uilding

+622

A!'INI5*RA*I=E #0IL!IN95 *he 'ain #uilding an academic facilit$ also functions as 'ain #uilding +6"7 Renaissance Re1i1al Roque Rua3o the uni1ersit$8s administrati1e center. It is also the home of the 'useum of Arts and 5ciences. *he "C.2m < 3.m four,store$ building houses the uni1ersit$, 05* *an Aan Bee 5tudent Center "..Elegant $et passi1e Adrian Chua (ide student organi)ations such as *he =arsitarian the Central 5tudent Council the >ffice for Admission and the >ffice for 5tudent Affairs. LI#RARIE5 'iguel de #ena1ides Librar$ +6C6 'auro 5impliciano It an e<clusi1e building for the librar$ (as finall$ inaugurated in +66. (hen the UST Central 'i.rar- #uilding (as inaugurated. *he si<,store$ librar$ named after the founder of the 0ni1ersit$ 'iguel de #ena1ides is one of the

Building

Image

Constructed

St-le

Architect

*otes biggestt in Asia.

RE5EARC4 CEN*ER5 *he massi1e edifice named after the patron saint of the 0ni1ersit$ is a semi,centrali)ed s$stem for the producti1e *homas Aquinas Research Comple< ".." Postmodern Aolanda Re$es e<change of ideas among researchers in the fields of arts humanities science technolog$ social sciences and education. It also houses the 05* 9raduate 5chool. A*4LE*IC ?ACILI*IE5 *he four,store$ pa1ilion (ith an arena retractable chairs and bleachers has a seating capacit$ of 2 76". It (ill ser1e @uadricentennial Pa1ilion ".++ Recio and Casas Architects as the ne( 05* g$mnasium that (ill house the 1arsit$ pla$ers of the 0ni1ersit$ and the 05* 9ro(ling *igers.It (ill also ser1e as a multipurpose center (here graduations uni1ersit$,(ide acti1ities e<hibits national and international conferences (ill be held. It (as inaugurated in earl$ ".+". RELI9I>05 #0IL!IN95 *his building houses the 05* Chapel :(hich is also the 5antisimo Rosario Parish Church; the 05* Central Central 5eminar$ #uilding +633 Art !eco ?ernando >campo 5eminar$ and the 05* Ecclesiastical ?aculties. *he Parish (as canonicall$ inaugurated on April "- +6/" b$ 'ichael >8!ohert$ the Archbishop of 'anila during that time. 'E!ICAL ?ACILI*IE5

*he four,stor$ edifice in commemoration of 'iguel de 05* #ena1ides Cancer Institute "..Postmodern Aolanda Re$es #ena1ides8 /..th death anni1ersar$ is the first one,stop cancer therap$ center in the Philippines (hich (as inaugurated on August "+ "..-.

Building

Image

Constructed

St-le

Architect

*otes *he 05* 4ealth 5er1ice ser1es as the 0ni1ersit$ clinic. It

05* 4ealth 5er1ice

+6/-

Art !eco

pro1ides primar$ health care to students emplo$ees and administrators. *he 05* 4ospital (as formall$ opened its charit$ unit on ?ebruar$ +2 +6/2 in a building (hich stood at the rear of

05* 4ospital

+6/+

the 'ain #uilding. *he building house classrooms for the medical school and became the site of the first charit$ hospital. >n 'arch 7 +6/- the charit$ hospital (as opened together (ith 05* 4ospital occup$ing the first floor. *he (hole

05* 4ospital,Clinical !i1ision

+6-2

charit$ (ard (as transferred and e1entuall$ renamed the 05*4,Clinical !i1ision (hen it (as completed in +6-2 and formall$ inaugurated on 'arch - +6--.

P+%P%S)! (ACI'ITI)S

*he 05* 4ospital is no( preparing for the 05*4ospital:E<tension building; ".++ &ohn &oseph ?ernande) construction of its e<tension building facing A.4. Lacson 5treet. *he structure (ill be built starting earl$ ".+" after the demolition of the 'edical Arts #uilding.

*o be built on the site of the original 05* 9$mnasium the four,store$ alumni center (ill be used as a 1enue for alumni gatherings offices for alumni chapter 1arious uni1ersit$ e1ents classrooms and lodging ser1ices for homecoming alumni. It is the brainchild of *homasian Alumni Center ".+" Abelardo *olentino &r. ?r. Rolando de la Rosa >P Rector of the 0ni1ersit$ :"..CK".+"; as one of the centerpiece proDects of the 05* @uadricentennial Celebration. *he other proDect is the 05* 5imbaha$an% *omasino para sa 5imbahan #a$an at *ahanan an outreach program participated in largel$ b$ 05* alumni.

!)ST+%,)! BUI'!I* S

Building

Image

Constructed

!estro-ed

St-le

*otes !ubbed as the Lconcert hutL the structure houses the Conser1ator$ of 'usic and (as located

@uonset 4ut

+6/C

+6-/

American Craftsman

bet(een the 05* 4ospital and Roque Rua3o #uilding. It (as demolished in +6-/ to gi1e (a$ to the construction of Albertus 'agnus #uilding. *he 05* 4igh 5chool :05*45; #uilding got burned do(n in +672. >n +67- classes in high school

05* 4igh 5chool #uilding

ca. +62.

+672

(ere transferred to the 05* Central 5eminar$. *he ne( 05*45 building (as inaugurated in the same $ear and is no( kno(n as the #ena1ides #uilding.

*he structure (as located in the corner of Padre No1al 5treet and Espa3a #oule1ard. It (as demolished in +66. to gi1e (a$ to a ne( school 05* Printing Press #uilding +623 +66. building no( kno(n as the #eato Angelico #uilding. *he press (as renamed 05* Publishing 4ouse and is currentl$ accommodating the ne( building. !esigned b$ Archt. ?ernando >campo the 05* 9$mnasium (as once the largest g$m in the countr$. It housed the Institute of Ph$sical 9$mnasium +633 ".++ #auhaus Education and Athletics as (ell as the 0ni1ersit$8s s(imming pool and PE anne<. It (as demolished to gi1e (a$ to the proposed *homasian Alumni Center (ith faMade and s(imming pool retained.

II.

Utilit- C-cling, Bene/its o/ C-cling, T-pes o/ Bic-cles and %ther C-cling In/rastructure Considerations

UTI'IT, C,C'I*

0tilit$ c$cling encompasses an$ c$cling done simpl$ as a means of transport rather than as a sport or leisure acti1it$. It is the original and most common t$pe of c$cling in the (orld. 0tilit$ or LtransportationalL c$cling generall$ in1ol1es tra1elling short and medium distances :se1eral kilometres not uncommonl$ 3,+2 kilometers one (a$ or some(hat longer; often in an urban en1ironment. It includes commuting :i.e. going to (ork school or uni1ersit$; going shopping and running errands as (ell as heading out to see friends and famil$ or for other social acti1ities. It also includes economic acti1it$ such as the deli1ering of goods or ser1ices. In cities the bic$cle courier is often a familiar feature and freight bic$cles are capable of competing (ith trucks and 1ans particularl$ (here man$ small deli1eries are required especiall$ in congested areas. 0tilit$ c$cling is kno(n to ha1e se1eral social and economic benefits. Policies that encourage utilit$ c$cling ha1e been proposed and implemented for reasons including% impro1ed public health indi1idual health and emplo$ers8 profits a reduction in traffic congestion and air pollution impro1ements in road traffic safet$ impro1ed qualit$ of life impro1ed mobilit$ and social inclusi1eness and benefits to child de1elopment In the Chinese cit$ of #eiDing alone there are an estimated four million bic$cles in use :it has been estimated that in the earl$,+6C.s there (ere appro<imatel$ 2.. million c$clists in China;. As of "... there (ere an estimated C. million bic$cles in &apan accounting for +7N of commuter trips and in the Netherlands "7N of all trips are made b$ bic$cle.

B)*)(ITS %( C,C'I*
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. D. k. i. ii. iii.

financial sa1ings on transportation keeping tra1el times predictableO in peak traffic c$cling can be the fastest (a$ of mo1ing around to(n ensuring best use of the space a1ailable :during trips and also (hile parked; therefore reducing congestion on the roads reminding people of the ad1antages in terms of health and of effecti1eness of using the bic$cle making maps of Dourne$s that can be completed b$ bic$cle reduction of harmful emissions b$ fe(er people dri1ing motor 1ehicles reducing demand for oil,based fuels the safet$ in numbers effect if more people c$cle reduced noise pollution in urban areas amusement c$clist health lo(ering the risk of cardio1ascular disease :(hen practised for more than a quarter of an hour a da$ at a moderate pace; and therefore impro1ement of indi1idual and public health using c$cling to tackle the obesit$ crisis facing rich countries the financial sa1ings for societ$ if general health impro1es

T,P)S %( BIC,C')S

*hese are the t$pes of bic$cles that can be used depending on the user and the location% +oad .ic-cles are designed to be ridden fast on smooth pa1ement. *he$ ha1e smooth skinn$ tires and LdropL handlebars and can be used for on,road racing. *he$ are usuall$ lighter than other t$pes of bic$cles. *he$ can be ridden on pa1ed trails but most people find them uncomfortable and unstable on unpa1ed trails. 'ost road bikes are not capable of carr$ing hea1$ loads. (lat1Bar +oad Bic-cles ha1e most of the ad1antages of regular road bikes,,light(eight C-clocross .ic-cles are a special t$pe of road bike designed to be ridden on mi<ed surfaces :combination of pa1ement unpa1ed trails gra1el grass;. *he$ ha1e a drop handlebar like regular road bikes but the tires are a little (ider for more off,road traction and the$ ha1e a different st$le of brake that helps to pre1ent mud build,up in the frame. C$clocross bikes make good commuter bikes because of the 1ersatilit$ durabilit$ and in most cases the abilit$ to carr$ light loads. C$clocross bic$cles are sometimes called 'cross bikes or cx bikes for short. Touring .ic-cles are another special t$pe of road bike. *he$ are designed to be ridden on pa1ement but are more durable for use on self,supported long, distance riding. *he$ ha1e all of the necessar$ mounting bolts for cargo racks and fenders and although the$ still ha1e a drop handlebar the$ usuall$ ha1e a more rela<ed frame design so that the rider is more upright for more comfort (hen riding long distances for multiple da$s at a time. *he$ ha1e a lo(er gear range compared to regular road bikes to allo( for carr$ing hea1$ loads up steep hills. *he$ also make good commuter bic$cles because of their durabilit$ and abilit$ to carr$ hea1$ loads. Triathlon0Time Trial Bic-cles are road bikes (ith a special design that ma<imi)es their aerod$namic properties. *he handlebars are also a special aerod$namic design that Mountain Bic-cles are design for riding rough off, road trails. *he$ ha1e flat or upright frames and relati1el$ narro( tires for efficienc$ on pa1ement,,(ith a flat or upright handlebar. *hese bikes are designed for people (ho (ant a light high,performance bike but don8t like the drop, handlebar riding position of a regular road bike. *hese bic$cles are sometimes called fitness bikes or performance hybrid bikes. 'ost of them can accept some(hat (ider tires to make them suitable for use on unpa1ed trails. *he$ usuall$ ha1e the abilit$ to mount cargo racks and fenders (hich make them good commuter bikes. Track0(i2ed1 ear Bic-cles or fixies are designed to be ridden on a 1elodrome (hich is a banked o1al track specificall$ for bic$cle racing. 5ome commuters prefer track bikes ho(e1er due to their simple design (hich makes them eas$ to maintain. *he$ ha1e a single gear that does not pro1ide the abilit$ to coast so if the bike is mo1ing $our feet must be pedaling. ?or e1en more simplicit$ some riders prefer to not ha1e brakes since the fi<ed,gear mechanism can act as a brake. 'ost track bikes ha1e drop handlebars but some riders outfit theirs (ith flat or upright handlebars. start races. allo(s $ou to crouch for(ard (hile riding to

minimi)e the (ind resistance against $our bod$. *riathlonPtime trial races usuall$ ha1e staggered starts (here each racer starts on hisPher o(nO these bic$cles are usuall$ not allo(ed to be used in mass,

handlebars and a 1er$ lo( gear range for pedaling up steep trails. 'ost mountain bikes ha1e some t$pe of shock absorbers or suspension. 'ountain bikes (ith front suspension onl$ are called hardtailsO mountain bikes (ith both front and rear suspension are called full suspension bikes or duallies. 'ountain bikes (ith no suspension are called rigid. 'ountain bikes can be outfitted for use as touring or commuting bikes although the$ (ould not be as light or efficient as traditional touring or commuting bikes. 3-.rid Bic-cles (ere originall$ concei1ed to

Cruisers usuall$ ha1e (ide LballoonL tires and handlebars that are e1en more upright and in some cases s(ept back compared to h$brid bikes. 'ost cruiser bikes are single, speed or 3,speed and ha1e the old,fashioned coaster brake :(here $ou pedal back(ards to stop;. *he$ can be used for short,distance commuting and errands as long as $our route is fairl$ flat. 5ome cruiser bike manufacturers make a (ide arra$ of colorful models a1ailable to suit the fashion tastes of an$ bike afficionado. (lat1(oot Com/ort Bikes are a sub,categor$ of cruiser bikes. *he$ ha1e an elongated frame design that pushes the pedals a fe( inches for(ard of the seat. *his allo(s $ou to ride (ith the seat lo( enough so that $ou can place $our feet flat on the ground (hen $ou are stopped but $ou still get the full e<tension of $our legs (hile pedalling. All Electra #ic$cle Compan$ bikes ha1e the flat,foot technolog$O some other manufacturers ha1e created their o(n flat,foot designs. Cit- .ikes *he$ might also be called LcommuterL or LurbanL bikes although an$ of the bikes listed on this page can be used quite (ell for riding and commuting in a cit$. 4o(e1er there is a certain t$pe of bike that most people ha1e in mind (hen the$ use the term Lcit$ bike.L *his bike has characteristics of both a h$brid bike and a cruiser bike,,usuall$ the upright riding position of a cruiser but the (heel si)e of a h$brid bike. BM4 Bikes are popular (ith kids because of their small si)e but the$ are used b$ adults and kids alike for 1arious st$les of trick and stunt riding.

pro1ide the ad1antages of both road bikes and mountain bikes. *heir large padded seats and upright handlebars pro1ide a comfortable riding position and are best for casual riding around the neighborhood or bike paths short,distance commuting and errands around to(n. *he$ can be ridden on pa1ed roads but are not as light(eight or efficient as road bikes. *he$ are ideal for pa1ed or unpa1ed bike trails but are not appropriate for rough off,road mountain bike trails. *he tires are usuall$ a medium,(idth (ith a semi,smooth tread to pro1ide a fairl$ smooth ride on pa1ement but enough grip and cushion on unpa1ed trails. 'ost h$brid bikes ha1e front suspension to smooth out small bumps but some are full$ rigid. 4$brid bikes used to also be referred to as cross bikes but that term is not used an$ more in order to a1oid confusion (ith c$clocross bikes :see abo1e;. Per/ormance 3-.rid Bic-cles are oriented to(ards riders (ho (ant the multi,surface 1ersatilit$ of a h$brid bike but (ant a little more aggressi1e st$le and riding position. *he$ ha1e a flat or upright handlebar although not as upright as regular h$brid bikesO the$ usuall$ ha1e a smaller more performance,oriented seat rather than a large comfort seat. 5ome ha1e front suspensionO some do not. Performance h$brids make good commuter bikes and are also good for touring on unpa1ed trails. *here is much o1erlap bet(een the performance h$brid categor$ and flat,bar road bikes :see abo1e;O the terms are almost used interchangeabl$. Cruiser Bic-cles are similar to h$brid bikes in that the$ are designed for casual riding and ha1e a 1er$ comfortable upright riding position and a large comfortable seat. ideal for those (ho need to tra1el bike to keep on their boat or or (ho li1e in small apartments

(olding plane and

Bic-cles are

(ith their bike (ant a

don8t ha1e a lot of storage space. *he$8re also good for commuters (ho need to take their bike on a bus or train for part of their commute or (ho don8t ha1e a safe place to park their bike at (ork. 'ost folding bikes ha1e smaller (heels (hich make the bike a little less efficient and trickier to handle than a standard bike but most folding bike fans feel the benefits out(eigh the disad1antages. +ecum.ent Bic-cles ha1e a long lo( design and a full,si)e seat (ith a backrest. Recumbents are a1ailable in t(o,(heel and three,(heel designs. 'an$ recumbent riders feel that the$ are the most comfortable option a1ailable for bic$cling. 4o(e1er

the$ are more difficult to pedal up hills and the$ can be a challenge to carr$ from one place to another in a motor 1ehicle. Tandem Bic-cles are Lbic$cles built for t(o.L *he$ come in all st$les from cruiser tandems and h$brid tandems for the bike path or board(alk off,road mountain bike tandems and high,performance road racing tandems. Adult Trikes are ideal for older folks (ho still (ant to get around under their o(n po(er or those (ith balance issues or other special needs. *he$ are also popular in en1ironmentall$,consious industrialP(arehouse applications.

BIC,C') PA+5I* 0!)P%T C%*SI!)+ATI%*S As secure and con1enient bic$cle parking is a ke$ factor in influencing a person8s decision to c$cle decent parking infrastructure or depot must be pro1ided to encourage the uptake of c$cling. !ecent bic$cle parking in1ol1es (eather,proof infrastructure such as lockers stands manned or unmanned bic$cle parks as (ell as bike parking facilities (ithin (orkplaces to facilitate bic$cle commuting. #elo( are some factors to consider (hen de1eloping bike depot% Type and Location *here are man$ t$pes of bic$cle racks and lockers a1ailable. 5ome are suitable for certain situations but not others and some designs are unsuitable an$(here. *here are t(o general categories of bic$cle depot requirements% a. Short term :Class II; parking is needed (here bic$cles (ill be left for short stops. It requires a high degree of con1enience :as close to destinations as possible;. At least some short, term bic$cle parking should be protected from the (eather :a portion can be unprotected since demand tends to increase during dr$ (eather;. b. Long term :Class I; parking is needed (here bic$cles (ill be left for hours at a time. It requires a high degree of securit$ and (eather protection (ith (ell,designed racks in co1ered areas lockers storage rooms or fenced areas (ith restricted access. Longterm parking for regular users should ideall$ be placed (ithin a secure access area and protected from the (eather. *he le1el of (eather protection for other parking should be appropriate for the length of sta$. Security

Adequate lighting and sur1eillance is essential for the securit$ of the bic$cles and the users. #ic$cle racks and lockers must be (ell anchored to the ground to a1oid 1andalism and theft. Theft reduction measures *he theft of bic$cles is one of the maDor problems that slo( the de1elopment of urban c$cling. #ic$cle theft discourages regular c$clists from bu$ing ne( bic$cles as (ell as putting off people (ho might (ant to in1est in a bic$cle. 5e1eral measures can help reduce bic$cle theft%
a. #ic$cle registration to enable reco1er$ if stolen b. 'aking c$clists a(are of antitheft de1ices and their effecti1e use c. 'ounting sting operations to catch thie1es d. >ffering safe bic$cle parking facilities such as guarded bic$cle parking :manned or (ith camera sur1eillance; or bic$cle lockers

e. Promoting de1ices to enable remote tracking of a bic$cle8s location f. *argeting c$cle thie1es g. 0sing ?olding bic$cles (hich can be safel$ stored :for e<ample; in cloakrooms or under desks. Accessibility *he routes should be continuous and coherent :t$pe and colour of surfacing ma$ be used to stress route continuit$ as appropriate;. Routes should be pro1ided into and through areas normall$ inaccessible to motor 1ehicles such as parks and 1ehicle restricted areas. Weather Protection A portion of bic$cle parking should be protected from the (eather :some short,term bic$cle parking can be unprotected since bic$cle use tends to increase significantl$ during fair (eather;. *his can use an e<isting o1erhang or co1ered (alk(a$ a special co1ering (eatherproof outdoor bic$cle lockers or an indoor storage area. Clearance Adequate clearance is required around racks to gi1e c$clists room to maneu1er and to pre1ent conflicts (ith pedestrians or parked cars. Racks should not block access to building entrances or fire h$drants. Amenities As much as possible bic$cle parking should be located near (ashrooms and clothes changing facilities and ha1e electric po(er suppl$ to recharge bic$cle batteries.

!)SI * A*! '%CATI%* +)C%MM)*!ATI%*S #elo( are detailed suggestions for selecting and locating bic$cle parking and storage facilities. Rack Selection All bic$cle racks are not created equal. *here are man$ st$les to choose from some of (hich are most appropriate for a particular situation and some (hich are unsuitable or e1en harmful. ! good rack holds the bicycle frame" and can be used #ith a U lock$ This is a popular style$ %hat #orks% #ic$cle parking ma$ be pro1ided in floor (all or ceiling mounted racks. *he$ should meet these requirements% a. b. frames; si)es (heel si)es. 4olds the bic$cle frame not Dust a (heel. Accommodates a (ide range of bic$cle frame t$pes :e.g. mi<te and foldable c. Allo(s the frame and both (heels to be secured. d. Can be used (ith a 0,shaped shackle lock. e. Is co1ered (ith material that (ill not chip the paint of a bic$cle that leans against it. f. !oes not ha1e ha)ards such as sharp edges. Many cyclists #ill not use a rack that only This is another popular rack that holds the bicycle frame and can be used #ith a U lock$ %hat doesn't #ork& >ld fashioned G(heelbenderI racks that hold onl$ the bic$cleFs (heel and are unsuitable for use (ith a 0,shaped shackle lock. E<perienced c$clists (ill not use them. Ea1e,st$le racks :a pipe or bar (ith a series of 0,shaped bends; are not optimal. #ic$cles parked perpendicular to a (a1e rack :as intended; are not supported in t(o places and so tend to fall o1er and their actual capacit$ is usuall$ much less than ad1ertised. hold the #heel or is unsuitable for a U lock$

Finding a Good Location *o ensure $our bic$cle parking (ill be used be sure to choose locations that are eas$ to find con1enient to use and secure enough to reasonabl$ safeguard against bic$cle theft. ?acilities can be located (here c$cles alread$ parked or (here recommended b$ bic$cle ad1isor$ groups. If $ou (ant to install bic$cle parking on a side(alk in front of $our building $ou ma$ need a permit.

%hat #orks& C$clists are more likel$ to park (here their bic$cles are safe and protected from (eather. At least 2.N of long,term bic$cle parking should be co1ered. Indoor storage is best. It is often possible to find a secure room or an area in a basement or under stairs. #ic$cle parking can often use odd,shaped interior spaces that ha1e fe( other purposes. Eall,mounted racks are (ell suited to indoor storage. Locate in (ell,lit areas , lighting increases securit$ of propert$ and personal safet$. In areas (here securit$ is in question or (here there is limited opportunit$ to pro1ide (eather protection enclosed bike lockers are a good best solution. In some situations c$clists pa$ a monthl$ fee to lease such lockers. 'icycle lockers are a good choice for secure bicycle storage$ %hat doesn't #ork& Isolation , a bic$cle rack that is 1isibl$ or ph$sicall$ isolated (ill not be used and is a target for thie1es. Spacing and Sitting Standards Each bic$cle parking space should be easil$ accessible. C$clists should be able to securel$ lock their bic$cles (ithout undue incon1enience and their bic$cles should be reasonabl$ safeguarded from intentional or accidental damage. Consider the space that a rack full of bic$cles (ill take up not Dust the rack itself. Also consider that c$clists require a sufficient path(a$ in and out of the parking area. Each parking space must be accessible (ithout mo1ing another bic$cle , generall$ allo( for " feet b$ - feet for each bic$cle parking space. Pro1ide an aisle at least 2 feet (ide behind all bic$cle parking to allo( room for maneu1ering , Dust as automobile dri1ers need additional space to maneu1er in and out of parking spaces. %hat #orks& 5taggered racks , some bic$cle racks can be staggered on +7 inch centers allo(ing room for more bic$cles to be parked. %hat doesn't #ork& Installing bic$cle racks too close to a (all or too close to each other , installing racks improperl$ can cut capacit$ as much as 6.N. Installing bic$cle racks too close to car parking , motorists (ill seldom lea1e sufficient room for bic$cles to park and maneu1er if bic$cle parking is not sufficientl$ separated from car parking. Covered icycle Parking Prolonged e<posure to rain can rust a bike8s metal frame and components and the sun8s ultra1iolet ra$s can deteriorate a bike8s soft seat and tires. C$clists (ho 1alue their bic$cles (ill thank $ou for pro1iding (eather protection b$ gi1ing $ou their business. Co1er must be permanent , the co1er should be designed to protect the bic$cle from rainfall and be at least 7 feet abo1e the floor or ground. Long,term bic$cle storage should be co1ered. %hat #orks& *ake ad1antage of e<isting o1erhangs or a(nings , this is a creati1e lo(,cost (a$ of pro1iding some (eather. If there is no e<isting opportunit$ to pro1ide co1er enclosed bic$cle lockers ma$ be the best solution.

%hat doesn't #ork& Partial co1er or co1er that is too high , co1er is intended to protect bic$cles from rain and sun as (ell as protect c$clists from rain (hen the$ are locking or unlocking their bic$cle. Sho!er and Changing Facilities Commuters (ho bic$cle or (alk often arri1e (et mudd$ or s(eat$. Pro1iding emplo$ees (ith a place to sho(er change and store clothes can encourage bic$cle commuting. 5uch facilities also benefit emplo$ees (ho e<ercise during breaks or ma$ occasionall$ need to (ash and change clothes for other reasons. *here are se1eral (a$s that emplo$ers can pro1ide such facilities. a. A sho(er and clothes lockers can be designed into ne( or retro fitted, buildings. b. A sho(er and clothes lockers can sometimes be added to e<isting restrooms. A single sho(er stall and space to change clothes t$picall$ requires a si< b$ four foot space. Parking Signs 5igns ser1e se1eral purposes. *he$ let c$clists kno( $ou ha1e bic$cle parking and that their business is 1alued. 5igns also help c$clists find $our parking if it is not immediatel$ 1isible or direct long,term users to intended long,term parking keeping more short,term parking open for $our customers. A sign must be posted at the main building entrance indicating the location of the parking , this (ill help customers locate $our parking facilit$ if it is not 1isible from (here the$ approach $our site. %hat #orks& 5tandard bic$cle parking signs made of high,qualit$ materials. %hat doesn't #ork& Complicated signing schemes , if a complicated signing scheme is needed to find $our bic$cle parking $ou ma$ need to find a better location. 5igns that discourage bic$cling , signs prohibiting bic$cle parking (hen no alternati1e is a1ailable onl$ create ill,(ill. %T3)+ C,C'I* I*(+AST+UCTU+) C%*SI!)+ATI%*S (%+ !)P%T0PA+5I* !)SI * Cycling in"rastructure (nfrastructure is basic ph$sical and organi)ational structures needed for the operation of a societ$ or enterprise or the ser1ices and facilities necessar$ for an econom$ to function. It can be generall$ defined as the set of interconnected structural elements that pro1ide frame(ork supporting an entire structure of de1elopment. It is an important term for Dudging a countr$ or region8s de1elopment. Cycling infrastructure refers to all infrastructures (hich ma$ be used b$ c$clists. *his includes the same net(ork of roads and streets used b$ motorists e<cept those roads from (hich c$clists ha1e been banned :e.g. man$ free(a$sPmotor(a$s; plus additional bike(a$s that are not a1ailable to motor 1ehicles such as bike paths segregated c$cle facilities and (here permitted side(alks plus amenities like bike racks for parking and speciali)ed traffic signs and signals. #imensions A t$pical bic$cle is appro<imatel$ +C.. mm long and -2. mm (ide but there is a great 1ariet$ of t$pes in use. !esigners should anticipate the use of non standard c$cles particularl$ in areas (ith high le1els of utilit$ c$cling and on recreation routes. 'ost nonstandard c$cles are bigger than the con1entional bic$cle and ha1e larger turning circles. *he$ are therefore unable to

be used on facilities designed to the minimum dimensions required to accommodate a standard bic$cle. 'ost access controls for off carriage(a$ paths do not allo( non standard c$cles through. Street Lighting Lighting is normall$ pro1ided on urban routes (here c$cling can be e<pected after dark. It helps users detect potential ha)ards discourages crime and helps users to feel safe. Clear space re$uired by cyclists *he space needed for a c$clist in (hich to feel safe and comfortable depends on% a. the c$clistFs d$namic en1elope i.e. the space needed in motionO b. the clearance (hen passing fi<ed obDectsO and c. the distance from and speed of other traffic.

These /actors, and their impact on the design process, are critical to achie"ing a c-cle /riendl- en"ironment . As the speed differential bet(een c$clists and motor traffic increases greater separation is required. *his principle also applies (here c$clists share space (ith pedestrians. If the design allo(s for relati1el$ high c$cling speeds larger separation distances are beneficial. At 1er$ lo( speeds and on une1en surfaces c$clists require additional (idth to maintain balance.

C+ITICA' !ISTA*C)S T% (I4)! %B6)CTS *he follo(ing minimum clearances :*able belo(; are recommended and should be increased (here possible. *he$ are measured bet(een the (heel and the obDect. >bDect Berbs under 2. mm Berb o1er 2. mm 5ign posts lamp columns etc Continuous features e.g. (alls railings bridge parapets !istance from the (heel to the obDect :m; .."2 m ..2 m ..72 m +m

'IST %( BIC,C') S3A+I* S,ST)MS B, U*IV)+SITI)S 7%+'!7I!) America

Crimson#ikes , 4ar1ard 0ni1ersit$ Cambridge 'A #ig Red #ikes , Cornell 0ni1ersit$ Ithaca NA 9reen #ike K 5t. Qa1ier 0ni1ersit$ Chicago IL

Purple and Aello( #ikes , 0ni1ersit$ of #ritish Columbia =ancou1er #C *ar 4eel #ikes, 0ni1ersit$ of North Carolina at Chapel 4ill

9reen #ike Program K Beene 5tate College Beene N4 Reggie Ride K Illinois 5tate 0ni1ersit$ Normal IL 5outh(estern 0ni1ersit$ K Pirate #ike Program Aello( #ike Program K Northern Ari)ona 0ni1ersit$ ?lagstaff Ari)ona Aello( #ike Program K 4ampshire College Amherst 'A NA0 #ike 5hare K Ne( Aork 0ni1ersit$ Ne( Aork NA 9reen #ikes K 5t. >laf College Northfield 'N Purple #ikes K Cornell College 't. =ernon Io(a 9ilded #ic$cle 9uild K 4amilton College Clinton NA #icipuma , National Autonomous 0ni1ersit$ of 'e<ico 'e<ico Cit$ >0 #ike 5hare , >akland 0ni1ersit$ Rochester 'I Aello( #ikes , 0ni1ersit$ of *ulsa *ulsa >B Rot(heels , 0ni1ersit$ of California Ir1ine 1iaC$cleS9* , 9eorgia Institute of *echnolog$ Atlanta 9eorgia #ike Emor$ , Emor$ 0ni1ersit$ Atlanta 9eorgia #lue 0rban #ikes , Chapel 4illPCarrboro North Carolina ?C #ike Librar$ ?t. Collins Colorado E50 9reen #ike Program operated b$ E50 Eellbeing :Pullman; Eashington 0nited 5tates of America inaugurated in ?all "..6 rec-cles , 0ni1ersit$ of Chicago Chicago IL #elmont #ikes , #elmont 0ni1ersit$ Nash1ille *N ?lashfleet , Bent 5tate 0ni1ersit$ Bent >4

0C #earcats #ike 5hare , 0ni1ersit$ of Cincinnati Cincinnati >4 #ucke$e #ikes , >hio 5tate Columbus >4 >tterbike Program , >tterbein 0ni1ersit$ Eester1ille >4 #.0.9. #ike 5hare , 0ni1ersit$ of =ermont #urlington =* 9> #ikes , >lin College Needham 'A ReC$cle Program ?lorida 5tate 0ni1ersit$ *allahassee ?L #orro( >ur #ikes Program , 0ni1ersit$ of 5outh ?lorida *ampa ?L 9REEN#ike 5LC #ike 5hare , 5alt Lake Cit$ 0* PennC$cle , 0ni1ersit$ of Penns$l1ania PA 0rsinus College College1ille Penns$l1ania #ike5hare , 0ni1ersit$ of *oront 'ississauga >N Canada Ragster , Aale 0ni1ersit$

Asia

0ni1ersitas Indonesia 0ni1ersit$ of Indonesia !epok Eest &a1a Indonesia 0P Pad$ak 0ni1ersit$ of the Philippines !iliman @ue)on Cit$ Philippines Indian Institute of 5cience #angalore India. Pondicherr$ 0ni1ersit$ Puducherr$ India.

%nited &ingdom

0c$cle Nottingham , 0ni1ersit$ of Nottingham Nottingham *rent 0ni1ersit$ and Nottingham 0ni1ersit$ 4ospitals N45 *rust

*)7S %* BI5) S3A+I* I* %T3)+ C%U*T+I)S ,ale Introduces *e8 Bike1Share Program &ust in time for the (armer (eather Aale communit$ members no( ha1e a ne( (a$ to pedal around campus. *ransportation >ptions has launched a si<,month pilot (ith the bike,sharing compan$ Ragster. *he compan$ has pro1ided Aale (ith 2. brand,ne( Gcit$ cruiser,st$leI bic$cles and an online reser1ation s$stem that is a1ailable to current students facult$ and staff. RagsterFs bike,share concept is adapted for the campus en1ironment and is less costl$ for people to use than the programs in Paris Eashington !.C. and #oston. Like Ripcar Ragster first requires an online registration and a pa$ment of a T". annual membership fee U (hich (ill be full$ reimbursed for registrants (ho subsequentl$ complete a #ike 5afet$ class offered b$ Aale En1ironmental 4ealth and 5afet$.

>nce registered members can make reser1ations either 1ia the Ragster (ebsite or b$ te<ting Ragster from an$ of +. Central or 'edical campus locations or bike Gpods I most of (hich are located (ithin parking garages to pro1ide additional shelter and securit$. #ikes must be returned to the same location (here the$ are picked up. !uring the first si< months there is no usage fee but members (ho return bikes after midnight on the da$ the reser1ation begins (ill incur a T3. late fee. According to 4oll$ Parker director of 5ustainable *ransportation 5$stems )riding a bike is fun$ *o# it+s fun and easy$ (t adds another sustainable solution to your transportation options at ,ale$Aale is RagsterFs first full uni1ersit$ deplo$ment. Parker (ill (ork (ith the compan$ to anal$)e data on program usage o1er the ne<t si< months to see ho( (ell the program is utili)ed on campus. 5he encourages all users to pro1ide feedback through 5ee Click ?i<. 0se the Issue *itle GAale #ikeshareI (hen reporting an issue or making a suggestion. G*his is a great opportunit$ for engaging the 0ni1ersit$ as a Gli1ing lab.I Ee (ant to ensure that the program best ser1es our users and (e (ill listen closel$ to them. *he result of capturing and compiling feedback from the Aale communit$ about this bike,share program is that (e (ill ha1e a program that is tailored our communit$Fs needs I sa$s Parker. GEe earned a #ic$cle ?riendl$ 0ni1ersit$ A(ard last fall and this is another (a$ to encourage people to use bikes.I G'ore than /. percent of urban trips in the 0nited 5tates are less than t(o miles I she adds$ )>n our campus the a1erage distance has to be less. *he bic$cle is the most efficient form of transportation for that kind of trip.I G'iking lets you burn carbs" not carbon" I Dokes Parker. If the program is (ell recei1ed in the pilot phase it ma$ be e<tended. *he program is funded b$ *om Bempner F72 (ho also supports the Aale C$cling *eam. 7hat9s Big 7ith The College 5ids: Bike Sharing 4ello ColumbusH #ike sharing has come to the home of *he >hio 5tate 0ni1ersit$ in a ne( program called Co9o. *he bike sharing s$stem launched *uesda$ morning according to the Columbus !ispatch (ith 3. bike sharing locations spread across the cit$. *he program like man$ across the 0nited 5tates is run b$ the cit$ in conDunction (ith Alta #ike 5hare. *he cit$ and Alta ha1e a contract that calls for re1enues to be split once operating costs are co1ered. Co9o (ill ha1e 3.. bikes painted in gra$ and red :the >50 colors; and a price range similar to bike sharing programs in Chicago #oston and Ne( Aork. A dail$ pass costs T- (hile an annual membership costs T72. If someone rides off (ith a bike and doesnFt return it the$Fll be charged T+ "... *he cit$ e<pects each bike to be ridden t(ice a da$ for a total of -.. dail$ rides. #ut it sa$s it (ill look at e<panding Co9o if there is more demand. According to the !ispatch Columbus 'a$or 'ichael #. Coleman )has pushed biking as a #ay for the city to become more attracti.e to young professionals eager for urban li.ing$ I Columbus also is Doining a trend of college to(ns embracing bike sharing programs. *he programs are as small as the +7,bike program at 0rsinus Collegein College1ille PA to the Rot(heels plan at *he 0ni1ersit$ of California at Ir1ine (ith stations at four locations across campus. At least 33 uni1ersities in the 0nited 5tates ha1e some kind of bike sharing program. E<perts sa$ uni1ersit$ campuses are idea for the s$stems sa1ing students the hassle of bringing bikes to campus and keeping a lid on car congestion. 'ean(hile 5an Antonio (hich has had a bike sharing program for the past t(o $ears plans to open +. ne( stations around the cit$ ne<t month. *hat (ill bring the *e<as cit$ to 2" stations. 5an AntonioFs s$stem has /". bikes. Bike1Sharing Programs Spin across U.S. Campuses !rur$ 0ni1ersit$ Dunior 9arret 5helenhamer ditched his car and gets to his classes and 1olunteer commitments using a shin$ ne( bike pro1ided b$ the school.

5helenhamer ". is one of a number of students across the 05A taking ad1antage of free or lo(,cost bike sharing programs (hich ha1e become increasingl$ popular. !rur$ students agreed to pa$ a T".,a,$ear sustainabilit$ fee (hich funds the bike program. *he 5pringfield 'o. school purchased /. ne( bikes for use b$ students in time for the fall semester. LIt8s helped me so much L 5helenhamer said. LIt8s been fun.L Nearl$ 6. American uni1ersities from Ne( Aork 0ni1ersit$ to the 0ni1ersit$ of Alaska,Anchorage offer some form of campus bike program according to the Association for the Ad1ancement of 5ustainabilit$ in 4igher Education. Programs ha1e launched or (ill launch this $ear at a (ide range of uni1ersities including 5outhern Illinois 0ni1ersit$,Ed(ards1illeO &ohn Carroll 0ni1ersit$ in 0ni1ersit$ 4eights >hioO the 0ni1ersit$ of CincinnatiO Coastal Carolina 0ni1ersit$ in Con(a$ 5.C.O 5amford 0ni1ersit$ in #irmingham Ala.O 5te1ens Institute of *echnolog$ in 4oboken N.&.O and North Carolina 5tate 0ni1ersit$ in Raleigh N.C. LThe demand is coming from students L sa$s &erem$ ?riedman manager of sustainabilit$ initiati1es at Ne( Aork 0ni1ersit$. *his summer NA0 kicked off a pilot bike share program (ith a fleet of 3. bikes a1ailable for free checkout from the front desks of man$ residence halls. ?ueling the demand are the public embrace of biking culture ne( miles of bike lanes and the economic recession that has man$ tightening their spending ?riedman sa$s. LIn the future (e ma$ find oursel1es in the role of trying to encourage more biking but for no( (e are behind the demand L he sa$s. LEe8re Dust tr$ing to keep up.L Eend$ Anderson director of campus sustainabilit$ at !rur$ sa$s the bike program appeals to students (ho are acti1e and likel$ to grumble about costs associated (ith a car. LI think uni1ersities are tr$ing to keep up (ith the increasing competiti1e nature of higher education L Anderson sa$s. LI8m not sa$ing this is a recruiting tool but it offers a richer e<perience in student life.L At the College of 5aint #enedict in 5t. &oseph 'inn. students came up (ith the idea for a bike program and made it a realit$ in April college spokes(oman !iane 4ageman sa$s. *he program offers 3. bikes for free dail$ checkout until the first sno(fall 4ageman sa$s. Paul Ro(land e<ecuti1e director of the Association for the Ad1ancement of 5ustainabilit$ in 4igher Education sa$s bike programs ha1e found fertile soil on college campuses. L>ne thing about the campus is it has a fairl$ high densit$ of indi1iduals students as (ell as staff. It is relati1el$ defined and there are a lot of mo1ements e1er$ hour or e1er$ half an hour L he sa$s. 'ikes help alle.iate traffic congestion" impro.e campus safety and reduce greenhouse gas emission Ro(land sa$s. In "..C faced (ith a parking crisis the 0ni1ersit$ of Ne( England in #iddeford 'aine raised parking permit fees and began to gi1e a(a$ free bikes to freshman students (ho promised not to bring cars to campus uni1ersit$ spokes(oman Bathleen *aggersell sa$s. 5ince then the uni1ersit$ has gi1en out 23. bikes and as a direct result of the program turned a 62,space parking lot into a basketball court (ith a ri1er,1ie( tent for uni1ersit$ e1ents *aggersell sa$s. 0ni1ersit$ bike programs are usuall$ funded b$ an internal grant or a student fee Ro(land sa$s. #ikes are checked out differentl$. 5ome programs require membership some are free and some charge a rental fee. *hough man$ schools rel$ on staff to check out bikes some ha1e gone high,tech. *his fall Eashington 5tate 0ni1ersit$ in Pullman installed a T+/. ... automated s$stem for its bike program sa$s &amie #entle$ the en1ironmental (ell,being coordinator at E50. 5tudents s(ipe their identification cards to unlock a bike from one of the four docking stations on campus #entle$ sa$s. *he con1enience has drasticall$ boosted the use of the program% 2"6 people checked out a bike in the first three (eeks this fall compared (ith 2C3 users in all of last $ear #entle$ sa$s. *he con1enience has drasticall$ boosted the use of the bike program% /2/ people checked out a bike in the first t(o (eeks this fall compared (ith 2C3 users last $ear #entle$ sa$s. Campus Bike Share Program Could Come To Uni"ersit- %/ Io8a

Prett$ soon 0ni1ersit$ of Io(a campus commuters might not need to o(n a bike to use one for quick trips to class (ork or an$(here else the$ (ant to go. *he uni1ersit$ through its >ffice of 5ustainabilit$ applied in >ctober for a T6- ... grant to implement a Gthird generation bike share program.I *he mone$ (ould help fund a T+". ... initiati1e to set up three bike rental stations across campus. *he stations K proposed near eastside student residential housing b$ 5eamans Center in the central campus area and b$ an entrance to the pedestrian mall K each (ould house +2 docks and +. bic$cles according to the grant application. 0sers could bu$ annual memberships or s(ipe credit cards to rent the shared bikes (hich officials propose making a1ailable b$ >ct. 3. ".+/. #,c$cle a bike sharing s$stem that has launched programs in !es 'oines 'adison !en1er and other communities is among the 1endors that could appl$ to implement the 0I program. Li) Christiansen director of the 0I >ffice of 5ustainabilit$ said she e<pects to hear back about the grant application in &anuar$. If a(arded the Io(a Clean Air funds 0I and Io(a Cit$ each (ould pitch in T+. 2.. and 0I 5tudent 9o1ernment (ould contribute T3 .... G*he idea is to promote alternati1e and safe transportation that is good for the communit$ the campus and the en1ironment I Christiansen said. GItFs reall$ e<citing because itFs a cit$ and uni1ersit$ effort.I In the application 0I officials boast Io(a Cit$Fs bic$cle,friendl$ atmosphere citing its abilit$ to support at least four racing club teams a recreational c$cling club and four locall$,o(ned bike shops. G!o(nto(n Io(a Cit$ and campus are adDacent making a bike share program attracti1e for uni1ersit$ students facult$ and staff and Io(a Cit$ residents I according to the application. Pro.iding shared bicycles #ould help the campus meet its sustainability goals for /0/0" #hich include consuming 10 percent rene#able energy" di.erting 20 percent of #aste and reducing per capita emissions of C3/ from U( related transportation by 40 percent" officials said in the application$ >ther sustainabilit$ collaborations bet(een 0I and Io(a Cit$ include #us on the 9o :#>N9>; K a 9P5,based real,time passenger information s$stem aimed at increasing bus ridership K and Ripcar (hich (orks much like the bike share s$stem (ould (ork b$ offering car rental ser1ice b$ the hour. Io(a Cit$ also has a Gbike librar$ I (hich opened in "../ and maintains an in1entor$ of ".. to 3.. bic$cles a1ailable for checkout for up to si< months. Christiansen said the 0IFs short, term bike share program (ould supplement the bike librar$ (hich rarel$ keeps up (ith the demand. 0I59 President Batherine =alde this $ear listed de1eloping a bike share program on campus as a top priorit$ and the student go1ernment group in 5eptember sur1e$ed students about the proposal. >f the students (ho (ere sur1e$ed and said the$ didnFt ha1e a bike 7C.2 percent said the$ (ould be 1er$ or some(hat likel$ to use a bike share program according to the grant application. Among that same group 2+.- percent said the$ (ould be 1er$ or some(hat (illing to pa$ an annual fee of about T/.. In the application 0I officials also cite the "..C flood K and the ensuing and ongoing construction around to(n K as Dustification for the bike share program. G*his le1el of acti1it$ on campus combined (ith other maDor construction proDects in the Io(a Cit$ area has meant additional traffic and traffic dela$s I according to the application. #,C$cleFs bike share programs ha1e taken off in other communities using them K the program in 'adison Eis. for e<ample no( offers 32. bikes at 32 stations and charges 0ni1ersit$ of Eisconsin students facult$ and staff T". for an annual membership. Although this is the closest 0I has come to implementing a bike share program itFs not the first time the topic has come up. A "..6 editorial in the !ail$ Io(an for e<ample suggested the idea of Gbic$cle hubs.I GEhat if there (ere a (a$ to get around Io(a Cit$ (ithout ha1ing to (age battle (ith thousands of 1ehicles all 1$ing for one spotVI the editorial board (rote. If Io(a gets the mone$ to launch phase one of its bike share program and if it catches on Christiansen said the goal (ould be to e<pand it o1er time. G*he 5tate of Io(a but especiall$ Io(a Cit$ and the 0I campus Dust has a great communit$ of support for bic$cling I Christiansen said.

C%*C'USI%* #ic$cles can ha1e a maDor role in our communit$. It can be a solution for bic$cle users. 5ince it sa1es a lot of mone$ (e donFt need to spend thousands of pesos e1er$ (eek for gasoline and emit the emissions from our 1ehicle. +)()+)*C)S http%PPen.(ikipedia.orgP(ikiP0ni1ersit$WofW5antoW*omasXCampus http%PP(((.ust.edu.phPcampus,lifePo1er1ie(P http%PPen.(ikipedia.orgP(ikiPListWofW0ni1ersit$WofW5antoW*omasWbuildings http%PPcentur$c$cles.comPbu$ers,guidesPbic$cle,t$pes,ho(,to,pick,the,best,bike,for,$ou,pg6.html https%PP(((.google.com.phPurlVsaYtZrctYDZqYZesrcYsZsourceY(ebZcdY+ZcadYrDaZ1edY.CCA@?DAAZurlYhttpN3AN"?N"?en.(ikipedia.orgN"?(iki N"?ListWofWbic$cleWsharingWs$st emsZeiYLL/'0C5('oe(i@e>o/4AC(ZusgYA?@DCN?7bEL6@E<kQ3PEE5o&nh9@h7I&pA http%PPne(s.$ale.eduP".+3P./P""P$ale,introduces,ne(,bike,share,program http%PP(((.forbes.comPsitesPmichelinema$nardP".+3P.7P3.P(hats,big,(ith,the,college,kids,bike,sharingP http%PPusatoda$3..usatoda$.comPne(sPeducationP".+.,.6,"+,college,bike,sharingWN.htmVcspY3/ http%PPthega)ette.comP".+3P++P+"Pcampus,bike,share,program,could,be,coming,to,uni1ersit$,of,io(aP http%PPen.(ikipedia.orgP(ikiP0tilit$Wc$cling http%PPen.(ikipedia.orgP(ikiPC$clingWinfrastructure http%PP(((.c$cling,embass$.org.ukPsitesPc$cling,embass$.org.ukPfilesPdocumentsPltn".C.pdf http%PP(((.1tpi.orgPtdmPtdmC2.htm