Earth as a sphere: (For the questions below you are strongly advised to sketch a diagram) 1.

Given P(70oN, 35oW), Q and R are three points on the surface of the earth. PQ is the dia eter of the earth !hi"e PR is the dia eter of the co on para""e" of "atitude. #tate the "ocation of (a) Q, ($) R. %. Given &(1'o#, ()o*), + and , are three points on the surface of the earth such that &+ $e the dia eter of the earth and &, $e the dia eter of the co on para""e" of "atitude. #tate the "ocation of (a) +, ($) ,. 3. -(0oN, 0o*), G and . are three points on the surface of the earth. (a) G is (0o due east of -. #tate the position of G. ($) . is '5o due south of -. #tate the position of .. (. /(%0oN, 35o*), &, + and , are four points on the surface of the earth. (a) 0f & is '(o due east of /, state the position of &. ($) 0f + is )0o due !est of /, state the position of +. (c) 0f , is 75o due south of /, state the position of ,. 5. Given points P(70oN, (0oW), Q(30oN, (0oW) and R(50o#, (0oW) -ind the shortest distance, in nautica" i"es, easured a"on1 the surface of the earth (a) fro P to Q, ($) fro P to R. '. -ind the shortest distance,in nautica" via the north po"e. i"es, fro 2(50oN, 110oW) to 3(50oN, 70o*) 4(%0o#, (5oW) to -(50o#, 135o*) i"es. -ind the

7. -ind the shortest distance,in nautica" i"es, fro easured a"on1 the surface of the earth. ). 5he shortest distance fro "atitude of 6upo.

6upo to the North Po"e is %310 nautica"

7. P((0oN, 5)o*) and Q are t!o points on the earth8s surface. 0f Q is (500 nautica" i"es due south of P, find the "atitude of Q. 10.&(5o#, )7o*) and +('3o#, )7o*) are t!o points on the surface of the earth.3a"cu"ate the distance, in nautica" i"es, $et!een the t!o points easured a"on1 the eridian. 11.P and Q are t!o points on the e9uator. Q is due east of P and the "on1itude of Q is )0o*. 0f the shortest distance fro P to Q is (3%0 nautica" i"es, find the "on1itude of P.

1%. -ind the distance fro P('0o#,50oW) to Q('0o#,130o*) (a) a"on1 the shortest distance on the surface of the earth, ($) a"on1 the co on para""e" of "atitude. 13.Given P('0oN,30oW), Q('0oN, 70oW) and R('0oN, )0o*) are points on the surface of the earth. -ind the distance a"on1 the co on para""e" of "atitude (a) fro P to Q, ($) fro P to R. 1(. 4(70oN, 100oW) and - are t!o points on the surface of the earth. 0f the shortest distance fro 4 to - via the North Po"e is 5100 nautica" i"es ,find the "atitude of -. 15. 0f an avera1e speed of an o$:ect is (50 ;nots !ith the ti e ta;en is 7 hours ,find the distance it trave"s. 1'. 5he distance fro & to + a"on1 the shortest distance is (500 nautica" i"es.-ind the ti e ta;en of an aerop"ane fro & to + if it f"ies !ith a speed of 700 ;nots. 17. Given /((0o#, 10oW), &(30oN, 10oW) and +((0o#, 70o*). (a) 2n aerop"ane < f"ies fro / due north to & !ith an avera1e speed of 700 ;nots. -ind the ti e ta;en. ($) 2n aerop"ane = f"ies fro / due east to + in a period of ) hours. -ind the avera1e speed. 1). 2n aerop"ane f"ies fro 2((0oN, 70oW) due east to 3((0oN, 10oW) and proceed to f"> due south to 4(5oN, 10oW). 0f the avera1e speed of the aerop"ane is 500 ;nots, find the ti e ta;en of the f">in1. 17. P(?oN,70oW) and Q(%5oN,70oW) are t!o points on the surface of the earth. 0f the shortest distance fro P to Q easured a"on1 the surface of the earth is ( )00 nautica" i"es , find the va"ue of ?. %0. , is the idpoint $et!een & and + easured a"on1 the co on para""e" of "atitude. Given & is (%0oN,15oW) and + is (%0oN,75o*),find the "on1itude of ,.

#a p"e 1@ /((0oN, 110o*), &, +, P and Q are five points on the surface of the earth. /& is the dia eter of the earth. + "ies %100 nautica" i"es due !est of / a"on1 the co on para""e" of "atitude. J(40oN, 110oE), K, L, P dan Q adalah lima titik di permukaan bumi. JK ialah diameter bumi. L terletak 2100 batu nautika ke barat J di epan!an" elarian latitud epun#a. (a) #tate the "ocation of &. N#atakan kedudukan ba"i K. markah& ($) -ind the "on1itude of +. 'ari lon"itud ba"i L. A3 $% ar;sB

A( ar;sB $4 markah&

(c) /P is the dia eter of the para""e" "atitude of (0oN. 3a"cu"ate the shortest distance, in nautica" i"e,fro / to P, easured a"on1 the surface of the earth. A3 ar;sB JP ialah diameter elarian latitude 40o( )itun" !arak terpendek,dalam batu nautika,dari J ke P,di ukur epan!an" permukaan bumi. $% markah& (d) Q "ies 1)00 nautica" i"es due south of /. -ind the "atitude of Q. Q terletak 1*00 batu nauti+al ke elatan J. 'ari latitud ba"i Q. A% ar;sB $2 markah&

#a p"e % P(50oN,70oW), Q, R and 6 are four points on the surface of the earth. PQ is the dia eter of the para""e" of "atitude of 50oN and P6 is the dia eter of the earth. R "ies due south of Q and the shortest distance fro Q to R easured a"on1 the surface of the earth is 5 (00 nautica" i"es. P(,0o(, -0o.), Q, / dan 0 ialah empat titik di permukaan bumi. PQ ialah diameter elarian latitud ,0o( dan P0 ialah diameter bumi.. / terletak ke elatan Q dan !arak terpendek dari Q ke / diukur di epan!an" permukaan bumi ialah , 400 batu nautikal. (a) #tate the "on1itude of Q N#atakan lon"itud ba"i Q. ($) #tate the "atitude of 6. N#atakan latitud ba"i 0. (c) -ind the "atitude of R. 'ari latitud ba"i /. A% ar;sB $2 markah& A% ar;sB $2 markah& A3 ar;sB $% markah&

(d) 3a"cu"ate the distance, in nautica" i"e, fro P to Q easured a"on1 the co on para""e" of "atitude. A3 ar;sB )itun" !arak, dalam batu nautikal, dari P ke Q di ukur epan!an" elarian latitud epun#a $% markah& (e) 3a"cu"ate the ti e ta;en $> an aerop"ane to f"> fro P to Q easured a"on1 the co on para""e" of "atitude and then it f"e! due south to R,if it trave""ed at an avera1e speed of '00 ;nots. A% ar;sB )itun" ma a #an" diambil oleh ebuah kapal terban" untuk terban" dari P ke Q diukur epan!an" elarian latitud epun#a dan kemudian terban" arah ke elatan ke /, !ika purata la!u eluruh per!alanan kapal terban" itu ialah 100 knot. $2 markah&

2ns!ers (*arth as a sphere) 1(a) Q C (70o#,1(5o*), ($) R C (70oN,1(5oN)

%(a) + C (1'oN,13%oW), ($) , C (1'o#,13%oW) 3(a) G C (0oN,(0o*), ((a) & C (%0oN,77o*), 5(a) %(00 n. ., '. ( )00 n. . 7. ' '00 n. . ). 51.5oN 7. 35o# 10. 3 ()0 n. . 11. )o* 1% (a) 3'00 n. ., ($) 5 (00 n. . ($) . C ('5o#,0o*) ($) + C (%0oN,(5oW), (c) , C (55o#,35o*) ($) 7%00 n. . 13(a) 1%00 n. ., ($) 3300 n. . 1(. %5oN 15. (050 n. . 1'. 5 hrs. 17.(a) ' hrs, ($) '00cos(0o AC (57.' n. B 1). A3'00cos(0o D %100B 500 hrs. AC7.71 hrsB 17. 55 %0. %5o*.

2ns!ers #a p"e 1. (a) & C ((0o#,70oW) ($) (c) (d)

%100 o o , '(.3 * '0 cos (0

(50D50)'0, ' 000 n. .

1)00 , '0

10oN

#a p"e %. (a) "on1itude of Q C 110o* ($) "atitude of 6 C 50o# (c)

5(00 , '0

(0o# AC'75).%( n. B AC%0.5' hrsB

(d) 1)0('0)(cos50o) (e)

1)0('0)(cos '0) + 5(00 '00