1. (a) (i) What is a catalyst? (ii) State five characteristics of a catalyst.

(iii) Name three chemical process and their catalyst used in industry. [4 marks] (b) State two factors other than catalyst which can affect the rate of reaction. Based on collision theory, explain how the factors that you mentioned can affect the rate of reaction. [8 marks] (c) Knowledge about the factors that affect the rate of reaction is very useful in human life. State two activities at home and explain how the knowledge about the factors that affect the rate of reaction is applied in the activities mentioned. [8 marks]

No. 10 (a) (i)

Rubric Catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.

Mark 1

(a) (ii) - does not change the amount of product formed. - unchanged chemically at the end of reaction. - the amount of catalyst is the same before and after the reaction. - it is specific for a reaction. - only small amount is needed to catalyze a reaction. - less effective when there are impurerities. - most of catalyst are transition metals or their compound.(Any two)

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(a) (iii) - Haber process: iron filling - Contact process: vanadium(V) oxide - Ostwald process: platinum(Any one)

11

(b)

Size of reactant - size of reactant decrease, total surface area exsposed for collision between the particles reactants increase - frequency of collision between particles increase - frequency of affective collision increase rate of reaction increase 2 Concentration of reactant - concentration of a solution increase, number of particles per unit volume increase - frequency of collision between particles increase - frequency of affective collision increase rate of reaction increase 3 Temperature of reaction - temperature of reactants increase, kinetic energy of particles reactants increase - frequency of collision between particles increase - frequency of affective collision increase rate of reaction increase (Any two)

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(c)

1 Cooking of solid food - solid food cut into small piece - total surface area exsposed to heat increase - food cook faster 2 Cooking of food in a pressure cooker - high pressure raises the boiling point of water. - cooking is carried out at a temperature higher than 100 o C. - food cook faster. 3 Storing of food in a refrigerator - temperature in refrigerator is lower - microorganisms inactive - slow down rate of food decaying (Any two) (a: any suitable answer than above)

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