CD Lab Manual

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Department Of Computer Science & Engineering Compiler Design Lab Manual
BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Department of computer science & engineering
In-charge
HOD
Principal
Prepared b !
"ppro#ed & $e#ie%ed b !
Issued b !
%&e&f Date!
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science
BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Laknepally(V), Narsampet, Warangal DEP"$'ME(' O) COMP*'E$ SCIE(CE & E(+I(EE$I(+
Lab Manual for the Academic Year !""#" ($n accordance %ith &N'( syllabus)
)(*&+,' )'/+AM
,ompiler .esign LA* ,)+
0121.
S.
TOPIC
Page
2
No
1 System Requirements
No.
a! "!jecti#es Design a le%ical analy&er for gi#en language and the le%ical analy&er should ignore redundant spaces' ta!s and ne( lines Implement the le%ical analy&er using * e%' fle% or other le%ical analy&er generating tools+ Design predicti#e parser for the gi#en language
Design a . R !ottom up parser for the gi#en language Con#ert the B01 rules into 2.CC form and (rite code to generate a!stract synta% tree+ . program to generate machine code
S stem $e,uirements
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science $
1+ Intel !ased dest4top 5C of 1--67& or faster processor (ith at least -) 6B R.6 and 188 6B free dis4 space+ 2+ C99 compiler and *D: 4it+
Lab Ob-ecti#es
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science )
1+ To pro#ide an ;nderstanding of the language translation peculiarities !y designing complete translator for mini language+ 2+ To pro#ide an understanding of the design aspect of operating system+
Program No.1:
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science ,
Write a Program to Design Lexical Analyzer.

#include<string.h> #include<ctype.h> #include<stdio.h> void key ord!char str"#$%& ' i(!strcmp!)(or)*str&++$,,strcmp!) hile)*str&++$,,strcmp!)do)*str&++$,,strcmp!)int)*str & ++$,,strcmp!)(loat)*str&++$,,strcmp!)char)*str&++$,,strcmp!)dou-le)*str&++$,, strcmp!)static)*str&++$,,strcmp!)s itch)*str&++$,,strcmp!)case)*str&++$& print(!).n/s is a key ord)*str&0 else print(!).n/s is an identi(ier)*str&0 1 main!& ' 23L4 5(#*5(6*5(70 char c*str"#$%*st#"#$%0 int num"#$$%*lineno+$*tokenvalue+$*i+$*8+$*k+$0 print(!).n4nter the c program)&095gets!st#&059 (#+(open!)input)*) )&0 hile!!c+getchar!&&:+4;2& putc!c*(#&0 (close!(#&0 (#+(open!)input)*)r)&0 (6+(open!)identi(ier)*) )&0 (7+(open!)specialchar)*) )&0 hile!!c+getc!(#&&:+4;2& ' i(!isdigit!c&& ' tokenvalue+c<=$=0 c+getc!(#&0 hile!isdigit!c&& ' tokenvalue5+#$>c<=$=0
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c+getc!(#&0 1 num"i>>%+tokenvalue0 ungetc!c*(#&0 1 else i(!isalpha!c&& ' putc!c*(6&0 c+getc!(#&0 hile!isdigit!c&,,isalpha!c&,,c++=?=,,c++=@=& ' putc!c*(6&0 c+getc!(#&0 1 putc!= =*(6&0 ungetc!c*(#&0 1 else i(!c++= =,,c++=.t=& print(!) )&0 else i(!c++=.n=& lineno>>0 else putc!c*(7&0 1 (close!(6&0 (close!(7&0 (close!(#&0 print(!).nAhe no=s in the program are)&0 (or!8+$08<i08>>& print(!)/d)*num"8%&0 print(!).n)&0 (6+(open!)identi(ier)*)r)&0
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k+$0 print(!)Ahe key ords and identi(iersareB)&0 hile!!c+getc!(6&&:+4;2& ' i(!c:+= =& str"k>>%+c0 else ' str"k%+=.$=0 key ord!str&0 k+$0 1 1 (close!(6&0 (7+(open!)specialchar)*)r)&0 print(!).nCpecial characters are)&0 hile!!c+getc!(7&&:+4;2& print(!)/c)*c&0 print(!).n)&0 (close!(7&0 print(!)Aotal no. o( lines areB/d)*lineno&0 1
Output:
4nter the D program a>-5c
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 3
Dtrl<D Ahe noEs in the program areB Ahe key ords and identi(iers areB a is an identi(ier and terminal - is an identi(ier and terminal c is an identi(ier and terminal Cpecial characters areB >5 Aotal no. o( lines areB #
Program No. 2: Write a program 3mplement the Lexical Analyzer Fsing L4G Aool.
95 program name is lexp.l 59
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science <
/' 95 program to recognize a c program 59 int D;HH4IA+$0 /1 identi(ier "a<zA<J%"a<zA<J$<K%5 // #.5 ' print(!).n/s is a PL4PL;D4CC;L D3L4DA3M4)*yytext&01 int , (loat , char , dou-le , hile , (or , do , i( , -reak , continue , void , s itch , case , long , struct , const , typede( , return , else , goto 'print(!).n.t/s is a N4OW;LD)*yytext&01 )95) 'D;HH4IA + #01 95'print(!).n.n.t/s is a D;HH4IA.n)*yytext&0159 )59) 'D;HH4IA + $01 95 print(!).n.n.t/s is a D;HH4IA.n)*yytext&0159 'identi(ier1.! 'i(!:D;HH4IA&print(!).n.n2FIDA3;I.n.t/s)*yytext&01 .' 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n PL;DN P4Q3IC)&01 .1 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n PL;DN 4IDC)&01 'identi(ier1!.""$<K%5.%&R 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n /s 3D4IA3234L)*yytext&01
.).5.) 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n.t/s is a CAL3IQ)*yytext&01 "$<K%> 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n.t/s is a IFHP4L)*yytext&01 .&!.0&R 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n.t)&04DS;0print(!).n)&01 .! 4DS;0 + 'i(!:D;HH4IA&print(!).n.t/s is an ACC3QIH4IA ;P4LAA;L)*yytext&01 .<+ , .>+ , .< , ++ , .> 'i(!:D;HH4IA& print(!).n.t/s is a L4LAA3;IAL ;P4LAA;L)*yytext&01 // int main!int argc*char 55argv& ' i( !argc > #& ' 23L4 5(ile0 (ile + (open!argv"#%*)r)&0 i(!:(ile& ' print(!)could not open /s .n)*argv"#%&0 exit!$&0 1 yyin + (ile0 1 yylex!&0 print(!).n.n)&0 return $0 1 int yy rap!& ' return $0 1
Input:
@vi var.c #include<stdio.h> main!&
' int a*-0 1
Output:
@lex lex.l @cc lex.yy.c @.9a.out var.c #include<stdio.h> is a PL4PL;D4CC;L D3L4DA3M4 2FIDA3;I main ! & PL;DN P4Q3IC int is a N4OW;LD a 3D4IA3234L - 3D4IA3234L PL;DN 4IDC
Program No. 3: Write a Program for Implementation of Predictive Parser.

#include<stdio.h> #include<ctype.h> #include<string.h>
#include<stdli-.h> #de(ine C3J4 #6T #de(ine I;I4 <# #de(ine 4;C =.$= #de(ine IFH 6UV #de(ine N4OW;LD 6UT #de(ine 3D 6UK #de(ine D;I4 6W$ #de(ine HAG KKK char lexemes"HAG%0 char -u((er"C3J4%0 int lastchar+<#0 int lastentry+$0 int tokenval+D;I40 int lineno+#0 int lookahead0 struct entry ' char 5lexptr0 int token0 1 symta-le"#$$%0 struct entry key ords"%+')i()*N4OW;LD*)else)*N4OW;LD*)(or)*N4OW;LD*)int)*N4OW;LD* )(loat)*N4OW;LD*)dou-le)*N4OW;LD*)char)*N4OW;LD*)struct)*N4OW;LD*)ret urn)*N4OW;LD*$*$10 void 4rror?Hessage!char 5m& ' (print(!stderr*)line /d* /s .n)*lineno*m&0 exit!#&0 1 int look?up!char s" %& ' int k0 (or!k+lastentry0k>$0k<<&
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 1$
i(!strcmp!symta-le"k%.lexptr*s&++$& return k0 return $0 1 int insert!char s" %*int tok& ' int len0 len+strlen!s&0 i(!lastentry>#>+HAG& 4rror?Hessage!)Cym-pl ta-le is (ull)&0 i(!lastchar>len>#>+HAG& 4rror?Hessage!)Lexemes array is (ull)&0 lastentry+lastentry>#0 symta-le"lastentry%.token+tok0 symta-le"lastentry%.lexptr+Xlexemes"lastchar>#%0 lastchar+lastchar>len>#0 strcpy!symta-le"lastentry%.lexptr*s&0 return lastentry0 1 95void 3nitialize!& ' struct entry 5ptr0 (or!ptr+key ords0ptr<>token0ptr>#& insert!ptr<>lexptr*ptr<>token&0 159 int lexer!& ' int t0 int val*i+$0 hile!#& ' t+getchar!&0 i(!t++= =,,t++=.t=&0 else i(!t++=.n=&
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 1)
lineno+lineno>#0 else i(!isdigit!t&& ' ungetc!t*stdin&0 scan(!)/d)*Xtokenval&0 return IFH0 1 else i(!isalpha!t&& ' hile!isalnum!t&& ' -u((er"i%+t0 t+getchar!&0 i+i>#0 i(!i>+C3J4& 4rror?Hessage!)Dompiler error)&0 1 -u((er"i%+4;C0 i(!t:+4;2& ungetc!t*stdin&0 val+look?up!-u((er&0 i(!val++$& val+insert!-u((er*3D&0 tokenval+val0 return symta-le"val%.token0 1 else i(!t++4;2& return D;I40 else ' tokenval+I;I40 return t0
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1 1 1 void Hatch!int t& ' i(!lookahead++t& lookahead+lexer!&0 else 4rror?Hessage!)Cyntax error)&0 1 void display!int t*int tval& ' i(!t++=>=,,t++=<=,,t++=5=,,t++=9=& print(!).nArithmetic ;peratorB /c)*t&0 else i(!t++IFH& print(!).n Ium-erB /d)*tval&0 else i(!t++3D& print(!).n 3denti(ierB /s)*symta-le"tval%.lexptr&0 else print(!).n Aoken /d tokenval /d)*t*tokenval&0 1 void 2!& ' 99void 4!&0 s itch!lookahead& ' case =!= B Hatch!=!=&0 4!&0 Hatch!=&=&0 -reak0 case IFH B display!IFH*tokenval&0 Hatch!IFH&0 -reak0 case 3D B display!3D*tokenval&0 Hatch!3D&0
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 1-
-reak0 de(ault B 1 1 void A!& ' int t0 2!&0 hile!#& ' s itch!lookahead& ' case =5= B t+lookahead0 Hatch!lookahead&0 2!&0 display!t*I;I4&0 continue0 case =9= B t+lookahead0 Hatch!lookahead&0 display!t*I;I4&0 continue0 de(ault B return0 1 1 1 void 4!& ' int t0 A!&0 hile!#& ' s itch!lookahead& ' case =>= B t+lookahead0 Hatch!lookahead&0
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 1/
4rror?Hessage!)Cyntax error)&0
A!&0 display!t*I;I4&0 continue0 case =<= B t+lookahead0 Hatch!lookahead&0 A!&0 display!t*I;I4&0 continue0 de(ault B return0 1 1 1 void parser!& ' lookahead+lexer!&0 hile!lookahead:+D;I4& ' 4!&0 Hatch!=0=&0 1 1 main!& ' char ans"#$%0 print(!).n Program (or recursive decent parsing )&0 print(!).n 4nter the expression )&0 print(!)And place 0 at the end.n)&0 print(!)Press Dtrl<J to terminate.n)&0 parser!&0 1
Output:
Program (or recursive decent parsing 4nter the expression And place 0 at the end Press Dtrl<J to terminate a>-5c0
3denti(ierB a 3denti(ierB 3denti(ierB c Arithmetic ;peratorB 5 Arithmetic ;peratorB > 6570 Ium-erB 6 Ium-erB 7 Arithmetic ;peratorB 5 >70 line U*Cyntax error Dtrl<J
Program No: 4 Write a program to Design LALL Pottom up Parser.

<parser.l> /' #include<stdio.h> #include )y.ta-.h)
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 1<
/1 // "$<K%> 'yylval.dval+ato(!yytext&0 return D3Q3A0 1 .n,. return yytext"$%0 // <parser.y> /' 95Ahis OADD speci(ication (ile generates the LALL parser (or the program considered in experiment Y.59 #include<stdio.h> /1 /union ' dou-le dval0 1 /token <dval> D3Q3A /type <dval> expr /type <dval> term /type <dval> (actor // lineB expr =.n= ' print(!)/g.n)*@#&0 1 0 exprB expr =>= term '@@+@# > @7 01 , term 0 termB term =5= (actor '@@+@# 5 @7 01 , (actor 0 (actorB =!= expr =&= '@@+@6 01 , D3Q3A 0
// int main!& ' yyparse!&0 1 yyerror!char 5s& ' print(!)/s)*s&0 1
Output:
@lex parser.l @yacc Zd parser.y @cc lex.yy.c y.ta-.c Zll Zlm @.9a.out 6>7 U.$$$$
Program No: 5 Donvert Ahe PI2 rules into Oacc (orm and rite code to generate a-stract syntax tree.
<int.l> /' #include)y.ta-.h)
#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int LineIo+#0 /1 identi(ier "a<zA<J%"?a<zA<J$<K%5 num-er "$<K%>,!"$<K%5.."$<K%>& // main.!.& return HA3I0 i( return 320 else return 4LC40 hile return WS3L40 int , char , (loat return AOP40 'identi(ier1 'strcpy!yylval.var*yytext&0 return MAL01 'num-er1 'strcpy!yylval.var*yytext&0 return IFH01 .< , .> , .>+ , .<+ , ++ 'strcpy!yylval.var*yytext&0 return L4L;P01 " .t% 0 .n LineIo>>0 . return yytext"$%0 // <int.y> /' #include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> struct [uad ' char op"U%0
char arg#"#$%0 char arg6"#$%0 char result"#$%0 1\FAD"7$%0 struct stack ' int items"#$$%0 int top0 1stk0 int 3ndex+$*t3ndex+$*CtIo*3nd*t3nd0 extern int LineIo0 /1 /union ' char var"#$%0 1 /token <var> IFH MAL L4L;P /token HA3I 32 4LC4 WS3L4 AOP4 /type <var> 4GPL ACC3QIH4IA D;ID3A3;I 32CA 4LC4CA WS3L4L;;P /le(t =<= =>= /le(t =5= =9= // PL;QLAH B HA3I PL;DN 0 PL;DNB ='= D;D4 =1= 0 D;D4B PL;DN , CAAA4H4IA D;D4 , CAAA4H4IA 0 CAAA4H4IAB D4CDA =0= , ACC3QIH4IA =0= , D;IDCA , WS3L4CA 0
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 2$
D4CDAB AOP4 MALL3CA 0 MALL3CAB MAL =*= MALL3CA , MAL 0 ACC3QIH4IAB MAL =+= 4GPL' strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.op*)+)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg#*@7&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg6*))&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.result*@#&0 strcpy!@@*\FAD"3ndex>>%.result&0 1 0 4GPLB 4GPL =>= 4GPL 'Add\uadruple!)>)*@#*@7*@@&01 , 4GPL =<= 4GPL 'Add\uadruple!)<)*@#*@7*@@&01 , 4GPL =5= 4GPL 'Add\uadruple!)5)*@#*@7*@@&01 , 4GPL =9= 4GPL 'Add\uadruple!)9)*@#*@7*@@&01 , =<= 4GPL 'Add\uadruple!)FH3I)*@6*))*@@&01 , =!= 4GPL =&= 'strcpy!@@*@6&01 , MAL , IFH 0 D;IDCAB 32CA' 3nd+pop!&0 sprint(!\FAD"3nd%.result*)/d)*3ndex&0 3nd+pop!&0 sprint(!\FAD"3nd%.result*)/d)*3ndex&0 1 , 32CA 4LC4CA 0 32CAB 32 =!= D;ID3A3;I =&= ' strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.op*)++)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg#*@7&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg6*)2ALC4)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.result*)<#)&0
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 2)
push!3ndex&0 3ndex>>0 1 PL;DN ' strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.op*)Q;A;)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg#*))&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg6*))&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.result*)<#)&0 push!3ndex&0 3ndex>>0 10 4LC4CAB 4LC4' t3nd+pop!&0 3nd+pop!&0 push!t3nd&0 sprint(!\FAD"3nd%.result*)/d)*3ndex&0 1 PL;DN' 3nd+pop!&0 sprint(!\FAD"3nd%.result*)/d)*3ndex&0 10 D;ID3A3;IB MAL L4L;P MAL 'Add\uadruple!@6*@#*@7*@@&0 CtIo+3ndex<#0 1 , MAL , IFH 0 WS3L4CAB WS3L4L;;P' 3nd+pop!&0 sprint(!\FAD"3nd%.result*)/d)*CtIo&0 3nd+pop!&0 sprint(!\FAD"3nd%.result*)/d)*3ndex&0 1 0 WS3L4L;;PB WS3L4 =!= D;ID3A3;I =&= '
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 2,
strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.op*)++)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg#*@7&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg6*)2ALC4)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.result*)<#)&0 push!3ndex&0 3ndex>>0 1 PL;DN ' strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.op*)Q;A;)&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg#*))&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg6*))&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.result*)<#)&0 push!3ndex&0 3ndex>>0 1 0 // extern 23L4 5yyin0 int main!int argc*char 5argv"%& ' 23L4 5(p0 int i0 i(!argc>#& ' (p+(open!argv"#%*)r)&0 i(!:(p& ' print(!).n 2ile not (ound)&0 exit!$&0 1 yyin+(p0 1 yyparse!&0 print(!).n.n.t.t <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<)).n.t.t Pos ;perator Arg# Arg6 Lesult) ).n.t.t <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<)&0
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 2-
(or!i+$0i<3ndex0i>>& ' print(!).n.t.t /d.t /s.t /s.t /s.t /s)*i*\FAD"i%.op*\FAD"i%.arg#*\FAD"i%.arg6*\FAD"i%.result&0 1 print(!).n.t.t <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<)&0 print(!).n.n)&0 return $0 1 void push!int data& ' stk.top>>0 i(!stk.top++#$$& ' print(!).n Ctack over(lo .n)&0 exit!$&0 1 stk.items"stk.top%+data0 1 int pop!& ' int data0 i(!stk.top++<#& ' print(!).n Ctack under(lo .n)&0 exit!$&0 1 data+stk.items"stk.top<<%0 return data0 1 void Add\uadruple!char op"U%*char arg#"#$%*char arg6"#$%*char result"#$%& ' strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.op*op&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg#*arg#&0 strcpy!\FAD"3ndex%.arg6*arg6&0
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science 2/
sprint(!\FAD"3ndex%.result*)t/d)*t3ndex>>&0 strcpy!result*\FAD"3ndex>>%.result&0 1 yyerror!& ' print(!).n 4rror on line noB/d)*LineIo&0 1 3nputB @vi test.c main!& ' int a*-*c0 i(!a<-& ' a+a>-0 1 hile!a<-& ' a+a>-0 1 i(!a<+-& ' c+a<-0 1 else ' c+a>-0 1 1 ;utputB @lex int.l @yacc Zd int.y @gcc lex.yy.c y.ta-.c Zll Zlm @.9a.out test.c OUTPUT:
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department Of Computer Science & Engineering Compiler Design Lab Manual

BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

"ppro#ed & $e#ie%ed b !

Balaji Institute of Technology and Science

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

,ompiler .esign LA* ,)+

Balaji Institute of Technology and Science

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Write a Program to Design Lexical Analyzer.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

' int a*-0 1

Program No. 3: Write a Program for Implementation of Predictive Parser.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Program No: 4 Write a program to Design LALL Pottom up Parser.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

// int main!& ' yyparse!&0 1 yyerror!char 5s& ' print(!)/s)*s&0 1

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Balaji Institute of Technology and Science

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