9.

0 DISCUSSION
The objectives of this experiment are to observe the characteristics of laminar,transition and turbulent flow,calculate the Reynolds number is dimensionless by using the formula. There are three types of flow that are laminar,transition and turbulent.Theoretically, according to the Reynolds experiment, the nature of the streak-line formed by injecting the dye depends on the fluid velocity.Laminar is when the fluid is moving slowest and gets a well defind streak line.The transitional flow is when the fluid is moving at an intermediate velocity,there are irregularities in the streak-line,but the streak-line is still well and lastly the turbulent flow is when the fluid is moving faster,get an irregular sterak-line which blurs and spreads the dye out.The streak-line also fluctuates randomly with time.In smooth pipes,the Reynolds number of laminar flow are less than 2100 and Reynolds number for rough pipes which is turbulent flow are more than 4000.The transitional of Reynolds number are between 2100 and 4000. In this experiment, dye is used with water to observe the different pattern of flow varies with the velocity.The water is flow from the inflow tube when the switch is on.To maintain a constant level of water, there was only a little overflow in head tank and settled for a few minutes.This as to prevent from eddies effect directly the observation.Then the outflow is open to let water flow through the visualizing tube and the outflow valve is adjusted so that the water flow with dye injection is achieved.The water is regulated until the laminar flow is achieved and the volume of water is measured in every 5seconds for 3 times so that accurate reading is obtained. The same steps are repeated to determine transitional and turbulent flow. From the experiment ,the Reynolds number can be calculated from the volume of water taken.The Reynolds numbers for the first until third trial for laminar flow are 1137.95,1156.30 , and 1183.83. The Reynolds numbers for the first until third trial for transition flow are 3303.72,3487.26 and 3579.03. The Reynolds numbers for the first until third trial for turbulent flow are 4588.51,4772.05 and 4863.82.The average Reynolds numbers 1159.36,3456.67 ,4741.46 , for laminar, transition and turbulent respectively.From the results,the Reynolds number for laminar,transition and turbulent flow are show that they are follw the theoretical Reynolds number value. Other than that,from the experiment the characteristics of the different flow that are laminar,transition and turbulent can be observed by the pattern pf dye.For laminar flow the pattern of dye is smooth,thin and in straight line with low velocity.For transiton the pattern of dye flow in wavers in water.It mixes slightly with medium velocity.For the turbulent flow,the pattern of dye dispersed throughout the piping system with high velocity.From the observation,the velocity is increase with time from laminar to turbulence flow.This is because it

give effect in eddies and fluctuation of fluid flow across the tube wall.Eddies is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle. Furthermore, the Reynolds numbers are dimensionlees.This is because all the units in the formula of Reynolds number has been cancel out.

Re= = =1
So that the Reynolds number are dimensionless.

= x xm x

10.0 CONCLUSION
As the conclusion,the different pattern of flow with varies the velocity can be determined by observe the dye.The characterristics of the different flows also can be determined by doing the experiment.Reynolds number will increase as the volume flow rate of water increase.From this experiment,the average Reynolds number laminar flow is 1159.36,transitional flow is 3456.67 ,and turbulent flow is 4741.46 , .This satisfied the condition where for laminar flow it occur when Re is less than 2000 ,transition flow between 2000 and 4000 ,and for a turbulent flow,Re is greater than 4000 .The reynolds number is proved to be dimensionless as the all units has been canceling out.The objective of this experiment is successfully done.

11.0 RECOMMENDATION
There is might be some of parallax errors such as the flow reponse during collecting the water,the position of eyes during taking: 1. The value of water volume. 2. Time taken for the volume of water. 3. Regulating the valves which control the flow rate of water unstably.

4. During the experiment one person guard the stop watch while the other one is collecting the water,this can cause parallax error.It is better to take some person who guards the stopwatch and the collecting beaker.

During the experiment some precautions steps should be alert,the experiment should be done: 1. 2. 3. 4. Suitable place. Steady place. Unshaken place. To get the laminar smooth stream flow the valve that control the red dye must be regulate slow and carefully. 5. Carefully control the valve and remove the beaker which uses to collect the amount of water at sharp when the time is up to avoid flow rate error.