Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Mass and

Momentum: Continuity and Momentum: Continuity and

Navier Stokes Equation Navier Stokes Equation
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Fundamental Principles of Conservation
Principles which govern basic equations used in
CFD as well as in analytical fluid dynamics
What basically conservation talks about
Slide 2, Unit 1: Basic Principles
Bank Account
Money In Money Out
Balance
+
Interest
Fundamental Principles of Conservation
Statement of conservation
Slide 3, Unit 1: Basic Principles
Control Volume
General Quantity
In
General Quantity
Out
Quantity
Generation
( )
Change in
Money In - Out Generation
Money Transfer
| |
( + =
|

\ .
Fundamental Principles of Conservation
Control Volume, CV:
Identified region in space across which changes in a
particular qty are found
When weve a CV we can write a balance for the
CV
Difficulty lies in utilization of principles of basic
mechanics
Slide 4, Unit 1: Basic Principles
Fundamental Principles of Conservation
Newtons law of motion are developed based on
Lagrangian description
Sets of particles n their trajectory which r
governed by Newtons law of motion
Where as in Eulerian description weve CV n
we r interested to study transport phenomena
across CV
Slide 5, Unit 1: Basic Principles
Reynolds Transport Theorm
Convert a system from Lagrangian description
to Eulerian description
System is essentially an identified collection of
particles of fixed mass and identity
Slide 6, Unit 1: Basic Principles
System at t System at t +t
III
I
II
Reynolds Transport Theorm
Consider a property of the system N
Slide 7, Unit 1: Basic Principles
System at t System at t +t
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
t I II
t t
t t II III
t t t t
N N N
N N N
+
+ +
= +
= +

III
I
II
Reynolds Transport Theorm
Rate of change of N of the system
Slide 8, Unit 1: Basic Principles
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
II II III I
t t t t t t t t t
sys
N N N N
dN N N
dt t t t t
+ + +

= = +


Rate of outflow of N across CV
( )
III
t t
N
t
+

Rate of inflow of N across CV

( )
I
t
N
t
Reynolds Transport Theorm
Rate of change of N of the system
Slide 9, Unit 1: Basic Principles
0
Rate of
Out flow-In flow
t t t
t
sys CV
dN N N N
Lt
dt t t
+

| | c
= = +
|
c
\ .

CS
n V dA q
}

Rate of {out flow in flow}

dA
Reynolds Transport Theorm
Conservation of the property
Slide 10, Unit 1: Basic Principles
sys CV
CS
dN N
n V dA
dt t
c
= + q
c
}

RTT relates total rate of change of a property

relatedtoasystemof fixedmass& identity with
therateof changeof theproperty w.r.t aCV and
abalanceof outflown inflowacross thesystem
boundary/surface.
Conservation of Mass
Here we consider, N =m, n =1
Slide 11, Unit 1: Basic Principles
sys CV
CS
dm m
V dA
dt t
c
= + q
c
}

Assumptions:
A non deformable control volume {volume f (t)}
Control volume to be stationary {rel. vel. =abs vel.}
When we consider system of fixed mass LHS will
automatically equal to zero
Conservation of Mass
The earlier expression changes to
Slide 12, Unit 1: Basic Principles
( )
0
. 0
CV CS
CV CS
dV V dA
t
dV V dA
t
c
= + q
c
c
+ q =
c
} }
} }

Convert surface integral to volume integral by
using divergence theorem
( ) ( )
. .
CS CV
V dA V dV q = V
} }

Conservation of Mass
The earlier expression changes to
Slide 13, Unit 1: Basic Principles
( )
( )
. 0
. 0
CV CV
CV
dV V dV
t
V dV
t
c
+ V =
c
c
(
+V =
(
c

} }
}

Since choice of elemental volume is arbitrary,

hence the value of integrand itself is zero
( )
. 0 V
t
c
+V =
c

Conservation of Mass
Finally we tried to convert integral form of
conservation of mass into differential form
Slide 14, Unit 1: Basic Principles
This is well known Continuity Equation
( )
. 0 V
t
c
+V =
c

Thank you
M Mohan J agadeeshKumar
Associate Professor
SMBS, R.No: MB 133G
mohan.jagadeeshkumar@vit.ac.in