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Refining end-products
The primary end-products produced in petroleum refining may be grouped into four categories: light distillates, middle distillates, heavy distillates and others.
Light distillates
Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) Gasoline (also known as petrol) Kerosene Jet fuel and other aircraft fuel
Middle distillates
Automotive and rail-road diesel fuels Residential heating fuel Other light fuel oils
Heavy distillates
Heavy fuel oils Bunker fuel oil and other residual fuel oils
Others
Many of these are not produced in all petroleum refineries. Speciality petroleum naphthas Speciality solvents Elemental sulphur (and sometimes sulphuric acid) Petrochemical feed-stocks Asphalt and tar Petroleum coke Lubricating oils Waxes and greases Transformer and cable oils Carbon black
References
This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Petroleum refining processes", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.
[1] Gary, J.H. and Handwerk, G.E. (1984). Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics (2nd Edition ed.). Marcel Dekker, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8247-7150-8. [2] Leffler, W.L. (1985). Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person (2nd Edition ed.). PennWell Books. ISBN 978-0-87814-280-4. [3] James G, Speight (2006). The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum (Fourth Edition ed.). CRC Press. 0-8493-9067-2. [4] 150 Years of Oil in Romania (http:/ / www. 150deanidepetrol. ro/ history. html) [5] WORLD EVENTS: 1844-1856 (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ eakins/ we_1844. htm) www.pbs.org [6] Brian Black (2000). Petrolia: the landscape of America's first oil boom. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6317-2. [7] Sulphur production report (http:/ / minerals. usgs. gov/ minerals/ pubs/ commodity/ sulfur/ sulfumcs06. pdf) by the United States Geological Survey [8] Discussion of recovered by-product sulphur (http:/ / www. agiweb. org/ geotimes/ july03/ resources. html) [9] Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1st Edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Library of Congress Control Number 67019834. [10] Kister, Henry Z. (1992). Distillation Design (1st Edition ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-034909-4. [11] Refinery flowchart (http:/ / www. uop. com/ refining/ 1010. html) from the website of Universal Oil Products
License
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