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Agenda
Introduction Capacitor Voltage Transformer Design Transient Response Transient Response Effect on Distance Relays Selection of Capacitor Voltage Transformer Conclusion
CVT Schematic
Transient response
Ability to reproduce rapid changes in the primary voltage. The remaining secondary voltage after a specific time due to a short circuit on the primary voltage
Transient response
Transient
Equivalent Voltage
Tap Suppression
Ferroresonant Connected
Burden
Impedance relays rely on accurate information of CTs and PTs to calculate impedance to fault. CVT transients cause erroneous information to be presented to the relay Transients last a relatively short period of time
Zone 2 and Zone 3 timers are set much longer the transient time period. Zone 2 and Zone 3 impedance relays not effected by CVT Transient Zone 1 relay with no intentional delay will be effected
Type of fault Fault incidence angle Source Impedance Ratio of protected line Load current magnitude and direction
How much does zone 1 setting need to be pulled back so it wont overrreach due to CVT transient ? Used CVT with active Ferroresonant suppression Worst case
Phase phase fault Heavily loaded line flowing toward relay Fault occurs at voltage zero
Franklin and Horton Determining Distance Relay Zone 1 Reach Settings to Prevent CCVT Transient Overreach
Franklin and Horton Determining Distance Relay Zone 1 Reach Settings to Prevent CCVT Transient Overreach for a particular relay
Use low pass filters and counters to mitigate effects of CVT transients Security comes at price of speed Relay operation may be delayed by up to 10 msec Some manufactures use CVT Transient filtering as setting (yes/no) in case conventional wire wound VTs are used.
Several models of CVTs have been developed for use with EMTP Program. To understand how a particular CVT will respond on a given power system recommend EMTP Study
Conclusion
High Capacitance High Tap Voltage Passive Ferroresonant Circuit Lower Burden
Conclusion
Due to long time delay settings Zone 2 and Zone 3 relays typically not effected by CVT Transient Zone 1 relays with no intentional delay subject to overreach as a result of CVT transient. Factors influencing Zone 1 overreach
Conclusion
Modern relays employ filtering techniques to lessen impact of CVT transient For further questions on your system do EMTP study
Questions ?