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Outline
Business driver and overview for LTE QoS General LTE-EPC QoS solution
Page
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General MBB network model (HSPA combined with LTE) and QoS enabling principle
1
IP Backhaul
1:How does the QoS be guaranteed from UE to core network at 3GPP network layer 1.1: How does the QoS parameters be decided 1.2: How does the QoS parameters be transferred between core, ran and UE 1.3: How does the QoS parameters be used at radio interface handling (to be covered in another presentation) 1.4. How does the QoS parameters be used at core network (out of the scope of this workshop) 2: How does the QoS be guaranteed during UMTS/LTE interworking 2.1: How does LTE QoS parameters be mapped to UMTS parameters 2.2. How does the QoS parameters be transferred during handover 3: How does the QoS be guaranteed during traffic conversion between 3GPPnetwork and transmission network 3.1: How does the 3GPP QoS parameters be mapped to IP transmission QoS parameters 3.2: How to mitigate the negative effect of transmission congestion during traffic conversion 3.3: How to manage transmission resource competition between UMTS and LTE 3.4: How does the transmission QoS parameters be used at transmission (out of the scope of this wokshop)
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Outline
Business driver and overview for LTE QoS General LTE-EPC QoS solution
Page
MME AF S1-MME LTE handset S5 E-UTRAN S1-U S-GW PDN-GW SGi Internet / intranet / Operators in-house & 3rd Party AS S11
Gx
Rx
Page
Bitrate enforcement
GBR, Guaranteed BitRate GBR bearer guaranteed bitrate
MBR, Maximum Bitrate Per bearer Maximum bitrate. Used in conjuction with GBR bearer. MBR set equal to GBR in 3GPP release 8 and 9. MBR can be set > GBR in R10.
UE-AMBR, UE Aggregated Maximum Bitrate The maximum total bitrate a UE can use (e.g., over multiple APNs) APN-AMBR, APN Aggregated Maximum Bitrate The maximum total bitrate a UE can use against an APN
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100ms
10-3
Non-GBR
7 8 300ms 8 9
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10-6
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EPC
P -GW
Internet Entity
Peer
External Bearer
S5/S8 Bearer S5/S8 SGi
S1
Bearer
S1
Page
SDF 1
TFT Packet Filter 4 SDF 2 TFT Packet Filter 5 PCC Rule 2 Authorized QoS 2 Bearer Level QoS
PCC Rule 3
Authorized QoS 3
AF
(SPR) Rx Online C Sp
Policy and Charging Rules Function
CAMEL SCP
(PCRF)
Gx x
Gx
Gy PCEF Offline Offline Charging Charging System System (OFCS) (OFCS)
BBERF
P-GW
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Gz
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UE-AMBR
QoSTPL2: QCI, ARP, APNAMBR IMSI 1 APN1 QoSTPL3: QCI, ARP, APNAMBR
UE-AMBR
IMSI 2
APNn
UE-AMBR
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S1-MME
E-UTRAN UE attach initiation
Gx
SGi
Rx
UE attach complete
Subscribed QoS profile is got from HSS MME can be regarded as the QoS parameters distribution center PCRF is the QoS decision-making point The EPS bearer entry point for service flow is also arranged in this process.
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AF
S11 S5 S-GW PDN-GW Gx SGi Rx
S1-MME
E-UTRAN S1-U
Service level signaling over default bearer QoS request QCI, ARP, GBR, MBR and TFT
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SPR (Subscribers Profile Repository) if-then policy rules e.g. LDAP database
IP bearer service
eUTRAN bearer service UE Appli. Client/Service Request
Application session setup Session info, User info (IP@, port), Appl. info (appl. type, IP@, port, BW), etc.
Rx
IP flows filtering, traffic shaping based on PCRF info Resources usage reporting to PCRF
Gxc* Gx
To check Appl/Users profile and session info To get inputs from PCEF and BBERF (option) To select/apply pre-defined PCC rules (QoS & Charging) by session/user/application profile Bearer resources decision (QCI, MBR, AMBR, etc.) for UE/session (flow Id IP@ source/destination, etc. ) and charging rate to apply (one PCC rule per SDF) Service Data Flow Bearer binding**** IP filtering/ SDF detection for traffic shaping, gating based on PCRF info Resources usage reporting to PCRF On-line charging with OCS for pre-paid and credit management (Gy itf)
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Service traffic, as client of bearer, use traffic flow template (e.g source/destination IP address, protocol number, port number) as entry point for bearer PCRF is the decision maker for QoS parameters, and MME plays like a coordinator during QoS parameters transferring
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Outline
Business driver and overview for LTE QoS General LTE-EPC QoS solution
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Bandwidth
10 Mb/s in EPS 5 Mb/s in HSPA 5 Mb/s in EPS 2 Mb/s in HSPA
RAN 3G/HSPA
RNC
EPC
USN
SGSN HSS Rx PCRF
NodeB
eRAN LTE
MME
UGW
SGW PGW
SGi
eNB
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None-GBR
Extended-QCI range: 128~254 In this case, the roaming user from other operator will be set to normal user by default.
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Policy controller
PCRF
HSS USN
SPR
PCRF perform rule action and sets bearer QoS (QCI, ARP, APNAMBR..) depending on user category (Premium and normal)
2
UGW
E-UTRAN
PCRF can also set Service enforcement and charging rules dependent on user category PCRF receives usage reporting and sets user Fair Usage quota thresholds
MME
1
SGW PGW (PCEF)
4
Default bearer establishment completed The UE attach to the network and MME retrieves static QoS parameters from HLR and sends to PGW PGW request Authorization and Control from PCRF for the specific user PCRF coordinates and authorizes the QoS requirement against subscription. The PCRF apply the user category by perform QoS action setting QCI, ARP and UE AMBR (UL/DL) and send it to PCEF PCEF responds with the actual authorized default bearer QoS parameters that will be effectuated on the user plane
1. 2. 3. 4.
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Type
Nonedifferentiated traffic
LTE
QoS parameters
Bit rate GBR, MBR
APN-AMBR=128kbps APN-AMBR=10Mbps
MBR=128kbps MBR=5Mbps
APN-AMBR=5Mbps
MBR=2Mbps
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RAN 3G/HSPA
RNC NodeB
SGSN
USN
HSS
EPC
PCRF Rx
GGSN MME
eRAN LTE
UGW
SGW
UGW
PGW
SGi
eNB
eNB Performs airlink scheduling based on QCI Performs Admission control at bearer establishment (ARP) Bandwidth is enforced by UE-AMBR
The eNB enforces the user category differentiation on the airlink: Premium user: APN-AMBR = 10Mb/s, QCI (Priority) = 131 Normal user: APN-AMBR = 5 Mb/s, QCI (Priority) = 6
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UGW APN bandwidth shaping Detect services by DPI/Shallow packet inspection Performs usage reporting for session and per service Performs service bandwidth shaping/policing Mapping of EPS QoS (QCI) parameters to Gi transport IP layer
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Outline
Business driver and overview for LTE QoS General LTE-EPC QoS solution
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3GPP-defined non-GBR QCIs for IMS signaling 3GPP-defined non-GBR QCIs for normal users data traffic
QCI
1 2 3 4
DSCP mapping
EF(101110) AF31(011010) AF41(100010) AF31(011010) EF(101110) AF22(010100) AF22(010100) AF12(001110) BE(000000) AF21(010010) AF21(010010) AF11(001010) AF13(001110) EF(101110) EF(101110) AF13(001110) EF(101110)
EF(101110) AF41(100010)
eNodeB/SGW
PQ+WRR
Logical port
Queue 1
3GPP-defined non-GBR QCI for IMS signaling 3GPP-defined non-GBR QCIs for normal user
5 6 7
Queue 2
AF31(011010)
Queue 3
AF21(010010)
Queue 4
8
9
AF22(010100)
Queue 5
AF11(001010)
Queue 6
Queue 7
n/a n/a
Queue 8
n/a
n/a
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NoneConversational differentiate Conversational d traffic Conversational Streaming IMS signaling Interactive Normal Interactive users data Interactive traffic Interactive Background Premium Interactive users data Interactive traffic Interactive Background
NodeB/RNC
Logical port
PQ+WRR
Queue 1
AF41(100010)
Queue 2
AF31(011010)
Queue 3
Queue 4
Queue 5
Queue 6
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Cell site
NodeB IP PM/FP PM
eNodeB
IP PM
Backhaul
Transport NE
SGW
IP PM/FP PM
LP2
IP PM
SGW
Down link bandwidth: 20/40Mbps(Min/Max) Downlink traffic identified by NodeB IP address (Destination address) IP PM /FP PM enabled
Central office
IP PM/FP PM
RNC
IP PM
eNodeB
SGW
Down link bandwidth: 50/100Mbps(Min/Max) Down link traffic identified by eNodeB address (Destination address) IP PM enabled
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Type
Nonedifferentiat ed traffic IMS signaling Normal users data traffic
QCI value
1 2 3
Pre-R8 Class
Conversational Conversational Conversational
DSCP mapping
EF(101110) AF31(011010) AF41(100010)
Streaming Interactive Interactive Interactive Interactive Background Interactive Interactive Interactive Background
AF31(011010) EF(101110) AF22(010110) AF22(010110) AF12(001110) BE(000000) AF21(010010) AF21(010010) AF11(001010) AF13(001110)
With enough identifiers reflected at transmission, fairness and differentiation at transmission will be totally handled by HQoS -capable transmission network instead of 3GPP nodes.
Inner VLAN200
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Outline
Business driver and overview for LTE QoS General LTE-EPC QoS solution
Page 33
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Do we need a tools to help operator quickly get correct QoS parameters(eg. GBR, MBR, APNAMBR, UE-AMBR, etc) and network configuration based on business, service and existed traffic model input. Can we establish a QoS monitoring system to evaluate the overall effect of differentiation
A corresponding trouble shooting system could also be needed. It means a 3GPP user-identifier will have a counterpart tag at transmission.
How can we evaluate transport capacity expansion requirement based on network performance monitoring at RAN/eRAN side (in pure IP environment)?
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eNodeB and UE decide which EPS bearers should be accepted Both UE initiated and network initiated service request are available.
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Rel-8 parameter
EPS BearerBearer ID GBR (GBR Bearer) MBR (GBR Bearer) APN-AMBR UE-AMBR QCI PDB PELR 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 N/A
Mapping Rule
See next page 1) 2) R8Pre-R8: Transfer Delay=PDB and SDU Error Ratio=PELR Pre-R8R8:Ignore Transfer Delay and SUD Error Ratio
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Standardized Mapping between EPS and pre Rel-8 QoS parameters (Cont.)
QCI 1 2 3 4 Traffic Class Conversational Conversational Conversational Streaming Traffic Handling Priority N/A N/A N/A N/A Signalling Indication N/A N/A N/A N/A Source Statistics Descriptor Speech Unknown Unknown Unknown Transfer Delay 100 ms 150 ms 80 ms 300 ms
5
6 7
Interactive
Interactive Interactive
1
1 2
Yes
No No
N/A
N/A N/A
100 ms
300 ms 100 ms
8
9
Interactive
Background
3
N/A
No
N/A
N/A
N/A
300 ms
300 ms
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Policy controller
1
2
SPR
PCRF installs Service detection rules, charging rules and QoS rules in UGW (PGW) Service is detected by DPI engine when user starts the service. Different actions can be applied in the PGW such as BW limitation. In this use case CDRs are used for recording use of a specific service Charging data is generated performed per service (Rating Group)
1
UGW
2 4
Charging node
3
SGW PGW (PCEF)
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Ingress
Control
Policy match
HTTP:URL Streaming WAP
Service flows
Gating Policing/ shaping Charging
HTTP Streaming HTTP Streaming
Egress
WAP Streaming
WAP
PCRF
EPS
Backbone network
UGW Media servers (User plane)
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EPS
Policy rules IP Filters QoS parameters (QCI, Bandwidth) Charging info
PCRF
VOD service
VoD Application server (e.g., http based)
Gx Backbone network
UGW Media servers (User plane)
GBR bearer (Streaming) Scheduling priority GBR bandwidth
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PCRF
SPR
2 3
E-UTRAN
VoD service
MME
UGW
4
Internet
Default Bearer
1
UE
SGW
PGW (PCEF)
The UE attach to the network and the default bearer is established with default QoS 1. User selects a video from the Video library 2. The VoD service poses communication requirements to the PCRF through the Rx interface 3. PCRF checks against the subscriber policy register on what right the user have. The PCRF decide to order the requested char acteristic from the UGW (PGW, PCEF) 4. The UGW (PGW, PCEF) decides that a streaming GBR bearer is required and start the establishment of the dedicated bearer. 5. All involved user plane node performs admission control to decide if it can handle the bearer at the current load situation. The bearer is established and traffic is scheduled with high priority
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SGW
Non-GBR
PGW
UE
Congestion eNB will not be able to schedule all traffic
GBR
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Bearers
Non-GBR
MP3 downloading
Internet
192.135.10.5:8080
QCI =9 (non-GBR) (ARP=10) UE-AMBR= 2 Mb/s QCI =4, ARP =10 GBR= 2Mb/s
190.32.11.80:80
GBR
VoD 190.32.11.80:9201
Voice 190.32.11.80:25/101
GBR admission level New GBR request will be rejected or accepted depending on ARP
Time
Scheduling order
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Tariff PlanNormal user Quota size 5Gb Policy rule: 80% warning notification 90% Throttle access speed ExhaustedSet max speed (AMBR) to 384 Kb/s
SMSC
PCRF
Notificati on
Your traffic quota is ***. The data speed will be reduced to X b/s when quota is depleted
Policy update
UE A
UE B
PGW
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Billing
192.135.10.5:8080
190.32.11.80:80
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