0

1. The GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA describes the geographic features of Canada, the world's second largest country in total area. Covering 9,984,670 km2 or 3,855,100 sq mi (land: 9,093,507 km2 or 3,511,023 sq mi; water: 891,163 km2 or 344,080 sq mi). Canada ranks fourth in land area (i.e., total area minus the area of lakes and rivers). Canada also encompasses vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 202,080 kilometres (125,570 mi). Coordinates as 6000N 9500W and the ar e spread over borders are 8,893 km. The POPULATION OF CANADA, some 34,980,000 as of November 2012, is concentrated in the south in proximity to its border with the contiguous U.S with a population density of 3.5 people per square kilometre (9.1/sq mi), it is one of the most sparsely p opulated countries in the world. The CURRENCY OF CANADA is canadian dollars(CAD).

2. MAJOR REVENUE SOURCES OF NATION:

GDP - composition by secto r: agriculture: 1.9% industry: 27.1% services: 71% (2011 est.)
Figure 1. Natural resources sectors and Canadas gross domestic product in 2010

Canada's total GDP was $1 234.9.

3.NATURAL RESOURCES:
wheat, oil, forestry, fishing, tourism, gold mining, cattle ranching, potatoes, dairy farming, automotive industry, coal mining, hydro-electric power, minerals. Canada is the world's largest producer of zinc and uranium and a world leader in many other natural resources such as gold, nickel, aluminium, and lead. As with other first world nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of

Canada

Canadians. However, Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canada's most important. Atlantic Canada has vast offshore deposits of natural gas and large oil and gas resources are centred in Alberta. The immense Athabasca Oil Sands give Canada the world's second-largest oil reserves, behind Saudi Arabia. Canada is one of the world's most important suppliers of agricultural products, with the Canadian Prairies one of the most important suppliers of wheat, canola, and other grains.

4. ACQUIRED RESOURCES:
Acquired resources are the in the service sector that is in the ed ucation sector, financial institutions, Hospitality sector, Hotels and the Tourism sector also. It as h also the manufacturing sector as a part with gold m ining, zinc, uranium, nickel, aluminium and lead. The oil industry is also a major part of their income with agriculture being a primary indus try of it. It is also famous for the construction of buildings and the technology used in the se ector with this sector of construction also growing up sharply.

Canada

#
"RITISH#OLUMBIA "#
w!EROSPACE w"IOMASS w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w"USINESSSERVICES w$IGITALGAMES w&INANCIALSERVICES w-EDICALDEVICES w0HOTONICS w3OFTWARE w7INDENERGY w7IRELESS

!LBERTA
w!EROSPACE w"IOMASS w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w"USINESSSERVICES w#HEMICALS w$IGITALGAMES w&INANCIALSERVICES w'RAINPROCESSING w-EDICALDEVICES w0HOTONICS w3OFTWARE w7INDENERGY w7IRELESS

6ANCOUVER "# #ALGARY !" 3ASKATOON 3+ 7INNIPEG -" 4ORONTO /. -ONTRAL 1# #HARLOTTETOWN 0%) (ALIFAX .3

3ASKATCHEWAN
w!EROSPACE w"IOMASS w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w'RAINPROCESSING w3OFTWARE
6)#4/2)! %$-/.4/.

6!.#/56%2

#!,'!29

3!3+!4//. 2%').!

-ANITOBA
w!EROSPACE w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w"USINESSSERVICES w$IGITALGAMES w&INANCIALSERVICES w'RAINPROCESSING w-EDICALDEVICES w3OFTWARE w7INDENERGY

7)..)0%'

"2!.$/.

/NTARIO
w!EROSPACE w!UTOMOTIVE w"IOMASS w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w"USINESSSERVICES w#HEMICALS w$IGITALGAMES w&INANCIALSERVICES w'RAINPROCESSING w-EDICALDEVICES w0HOTONICS w3OFTWARE w7INDENERGY w7IRELESS

#,53
1UEBEC
w!EROSPACE w!UTOMOTIVE w"IOMASS w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w"USINESSSERVICES w#HEMICALS w$IGITALGAMES w&INANCIALSERVICES w-EDICALDEVICES w0HOTONICS w3OFTWARE w7INDENERGY w7IRELESS

#(!2,/44%4/7.

#)49/&15"%#

3!).4*/(.

!TLANTIC#ANADA .EW"RUNSWICK .OVA3COTIA .EWFOUNDLAND ,ABRADOR 0RINCE%DWARD)SLAND

w!EROSPACE w"IOMASS w"IOPHARMACEUTICALS w"USINESSSERVICES w#HEMICALS w$IGITALGAMES w&INANCIALSERVICES w-EDICALDEVICES w3OFTWARE w7INDENERGY

-/.42!,

000001

4/2/.4/

-/.#4/.

/44!7!

(!,)&!8

000 2 001

34 */(. 3

#!.!$! 36!,5%02/0/3)4)/.
,OCATION"ENCHMARKING
'LOBALLOCATIONCONSULTANCY )"- 0LANT,OCATION)NTERNATIONAL )"- 0,) CONDUCTED ANINTERNATIONALBENCHMARKINGSTUDYTHATASSESSESTHECOMPETIVENESSOFANUMBER OF#ANADIANCLUSTERSAGAINSTCOMPETINGINTERNATIONALBUSINESSLOCATIONS 5SING REPRESENTATIVEINVESTMENTPROJECTPROTOTYPES )"- 0,)PERFORMEDOBJECTIVERESEARCH TOASSESSTHECOMPARATIVECOSTANDQUALITYOFDOINGBUSINESSINVARIOUSLOCATIONS SIMULATINGTHEAPPROACHTHATISUSEDBYINVESTORSWHENSCREENINGCANDIDATESFOR CORPORATEINVESTMENTPROJECTS 4HEBENCHMARKINGSTUDYEXAMINED lNANCIALANDQUALITATIVELOCATIONINDICATORS INTHEASSESSMENTOFEACHINDUSTRYSUBSECTOR !HIGHLEVELlNANCIALANALYSISWAS COMPLETEDTOTAKEINTOACCOUNTMAJORLOCATION SENSITIVEINVESTMENTANDOPERATING COSTSANDREVENUESFORTHEREPRESENTATIVEPROJECTPROlLES /PERATINGCOSTORCASH mOWPROJECTIONSWERECALCULATEDANDDISCOUNTEDOVERA YEARPERIOD INCORPORATING ANTICIPATEDINmATIONRATESTODETERMINETHEIRNETPRESENTVALUE )NADDITIONTOTHE lNANCIALANALYSIS THEQUALITYOFALOCATION SOPERATINGENVIRONMENTWASASSESSEDUSING DATACOLLECTEDFROMAVARIETYOFSOURCES
%UROCOPTER#ANADA,TD /NTARIO #ANADA

0RESENCEOFAEROSPACEINDUSTRYBASE
HIGHEST RANKING.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

-ANUFACTURING
)N #ANADA SAEROSPACEOUTPUTRANKEDlFTHINTHEWORLD ASCIVILMANUFACTURERSGENERATEDREVENUESOFOVER BILLION )NTHESAMEYEAR INVESTMENTINRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT 2 $ AMOUNTEDTO BILLIONINAEROSPACEANDDEFENCE -ANY#ANADIANCITIESAREHOMETOALARGENUMBEROF ESTABLISHMENTSPRODUCINGAEROSPACEPRODUCTSANDPARTS FORMINGIMPORTANTCLUSTERS !MONGLEADING.ORTH!MERICAN AEROSPACECLUSTERS #ANADIANCITIESALSOREPRESENTSOMEOFTHE MOSTlNANCIALLYATTRACTIVELOCATIONS 4HEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYIS#ANADA SLARGESTMANUFACTURING SECTORANDACCOUNTSFOR PERCENTOF.ORTH!MERICANVEHICLE PRODUCTION OR MILLIONUNITSPRODUCED 7ITHKEYCLUSTERSIN 3OUTHER N/NTARIO/SHAWA 7INDSOR ,ONDON 7ATERLOOAND 4ORONTOAND-ONTRAL 1UEBEC #ANADIANLOCATIONSCOMBINE lNANCIALLYATTRACTIVEPROPOSITIONSWITHHIGHQUALITYOPERATING ENVIRONMENTS SURPASSINGMANYOTHER.ORTH!MERICANAND !SIANCOMPETITORS #ANADAISALSOHOMETONINEOFTHETENLARGESTCHEMICAL COMPANIESINTHEWORLD WITHTHECHEMICALINDUSTRY REPRESENTING#ANADA STHIRD LARGESTMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYIN TERMSOFEXPORTS #ANADA SINDUSTRIALCHEMICALSSECTORPROVIDES ADIVERSEMANUFACTURINGBASETHATOFFERSIMPORTANTCROSS SECTOR ADVANTAGES SUPPLYINGCRITICALCOMPONENTSFORUSEINABROAD RANGEOFINDUSTRIES INCLUDINGTHEAUTOMOTIVEANDAEROSPACE INDUSTRIES #ANADIANLOCATIONSOFFERACOSTADVANTAGEOVER5 3 ALTERNATIVESTHANKSTOLOWERLABOURCOSTS LOWCORPORATETAX RATESANDLOWUTILITYCOSTS

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

#OSTASSESSMENTOFANINDUSTRIALCHEMICALSOPERATION
HIGHEST RANKING.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

000002

000 3 002

#!.!$! 36!,5%02/0/3)4)/.
2ATEOFTAXSUBSIDIESFOR53 OF2 $ LARGE lRMSAND3-%S ' COUNTRIES

(ALIFAX(ARBOUR .OVA3COTIA #ANADA

,IFE3CIENCES
#ANADAPLAYSAKEYROLEINTHEGLOBALBIOPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY WITHPARTICULARSTRENGTHSIN2 $ CLINICALTRIALSAND MANUFACTURING !LLOFTHETOP REVENUE GENERATINGGLOBAL PHARMACEUTICALCOMPANIESSUCHAS*OHNSONAND*OHNSON 0lZER "AYER AND'LAXO3MITH+LINE HAVEOPERATIONSIN#ANADA SEVERALWITH2 $ANDMANUFACTURINGMANDATES !SIGNIlCANTPLAYERONTHEINTERNATIONALBIOPHARMACEUTICALS SCENE #ANADA SGLOBALPRESENCECONTINUESTOGROWSTEADILY THANKSTOLEADING EDGERESEARCHPROGRAMSANDSTRONGlNANCING ANDVENTURECAPITALPROGRAMS #ANADAPROVIDESTHE3CIENTIlC 2ESEARCHAND%XPERIMENTAL$EVELOPMENT 32 %$ TAXINCENTIVE ASWELLASPROVINCIALTAXCREDITSTOHELPlRMSREDUCETHECOST OF2 $EXPENDITURESANDTOFOSTERINNOVATION 4AXREDUCTION INITIATIVESANNOUNCEDBYTHEFEDERALGOVERNMENTIN ARESET TOGIVE#ANADATHELOWESTSTATUTORYTAXRATEINTHE' BY ANDTHELOWESTMARGINALEFFECTIVETAXRATEINTHE' BY 4HE#ANADIANMEDICALDEVICEINDUSTRYISALSOALEADERIN2 $ WITHSTRENGTHSINARANGEOFSPECIALTIESINCLUDINGCARDIOVASCULAR DEVICES MEDICALIMAGING INVITRODIAGNOSTICSANDASSISTIVE DEVICES HOMEHEALTHCAREPRODUCTS #ONSISTINGOFAPPROXIMATELY lRMSANDEMPLOYINGABOUT PEOPLE THEINDUSTRY WHICHISPRIMARILYCOMPOSEDOFSMALLANDMEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES GENERATEDTOTALREVENUESOFAPPROXIMATELY BILLIONANDEXPORTSOF BILLIONIN

53

3OURCE /%#$3CIENCE 4ECHNOLOGYAND)NDUSTRY 3COREBOARD

#ORPORATETAXRATES SELECTED.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

3OURCE $ELOITTE

-A23 4ORONTO S$ISCOVERY$ISTRICT /NTARIO #ANAD

000003

000 4 003

#!.!$! 36!,5%02/0/3)4)/.
!SSASSINS#REED PUBLISHEDBY5BISOFT -ONTRAL #ANADA

)NFORMATIONAND #OMMUNICATIONS4ECHNOLOGY
)NFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONSTECHNOLOGY )#4 ISONEOF #ANADA SMOSTINNOVATIVESECTORS REPRESENTINGALMOST PERCENTOFTHECOUNTRY SPRIVATEINVESTMENTIN2 $ WORTHAN ESTIMATED BILLIONIN !MAJORCONTRIBUTOROFTHAT2 $ ISTHE#ANADIANSOFTWAREINDUSTRY CONSISTINGOFAPPROXIMATELY lRMSANDEMPLOYINGOVER PEOPLE 4HE #ANADIANSOFTWAREINDUSTRY INCLUDINGSOFTWAREPUBLISHING COMPUTERSYSTEMSDESIGNANDRELATEDSERVICES GENERATED REVENUESINEXCESSOF BILLIONIN ANDISEXPECTEDTO CONTINUETOGROWOVERTHENEXTlVEYEARS #ANADAISALSOHOMETOTHRIVINGDIGITALMEDIACLUSTERSWITH LARGEPOOLSOFEMPLOYEESWHOPOSSESSTHESPECIALIZEDSKILLS NEEDEDFORDESIGNINGGAMESANDRELATEDPRODUCTS -ORETHAN COMPANIESTHROUGHOUTTHECOUNTRYAREPARTOFTHEGAME INDUSTRYVALUECHAIN FROMHARDWARE DEVELOPMENTTOOLSAND ENABLERS TOSUPPORTSERVICES DEVELOPERSANDPUBLISHERS #ANADA SHIGHQUALITYOFLIFEANDAFFORDABLECOSTOFLIVINGPOSITION ITASATOPLOCATIONFORATTRACTINGTHECREATIVETALENTESSENTIALTO THESUCCESSOFGAMESlRMS !NOTHER#ANADIAN2 $INTENSIVEINDUSTRYISPHOTONICS WHICH CONSISTSOFAPPROXIMATELY COMPANIESTHATGENERATEROUGHLY BILLIONANNUALLYINREVENUES 4HESECTOREMPLOYSAHIGHLY SKILLEDWORKFORCEOFSOME PEOPLE PERCENTOFWHICH AREINVOLVEDIN2 $ #ANADA SWIRELESSINDUSTRYISSTRATEGICALLYPOISEDTOLEVERAGE THE2 $TAKINGPLACEINTHEPHOTONICSANDNANOTECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS #ANADA SWIRELESSCOMPANIESEXCELINMANYMARKET SEGMENTS NOTABLYCELLULAREQUIPMENT MOBILEDEVICESAND #0%S 7I-AX ANDSOFTWARE DElNEDRADIOS ,OWCORPORATE TAXRATES 2 $INCENTIVESANDCOMPETITIVELABOURCOSTSMAKE #ANADIANLOCATIONSVERYlNANCIALLYATTRACTIVE.ORTH!MERICAN OPTIONSFORFOREIGNINVESTORS

0RESENCEOFSOFTWAREINDUSTRY
HIGHEST RANKING.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

0HOTONICS RELATEDRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT
HIGHEST RANKING.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

000004

000 5 004

#!.!$! 36!,5%02/0/3)4)/.
3OUNDNESSOFBANKS ' COUNTRIES

3ERVICES
4HE#ANADIANlNANCIALSERVICESSECTORISAMONGTHEWORLD S MOSTHIGHLYDEVELOPEDANDOFFERSMANYEXAMPLESOFBEST PRACTICE #ANADA SBANKINGSYSTEMISRANKEDTHESOUNDEST INTHEWORLDACCORDINGTOTHE7ORLD%CONOMIC&ORUM'LOBAL #OMPETITIVENESS2EPORT INDICATINGTHAT#ANADA S BANKSAREGENERALLYHEALTHYWITHSOUNDBALANCESHEETS #ANADA SMATURElNANCIALSECTORHASPRODUCEDSUCHGLOBAL LEADERSASTHE2OYAL"ANKOF#ANADAAND-ANULIFE&INANCIAL &URTHER THESECTORCONTINUESTOATTRACTFOREIGNINVESTMENT WITHMORETHAN BILLIONIN -ANYMAJORINTERNATIONAL lNANCIALSERVICESlRMSSUCHAS".00ARIBASAND#)4#/ MAINTAINNEARSHOREBUSINESS PROCESSINGOPERATIONSIN#ANADA (EAVILYINTERTWINEDWITHTHElNANCIALSERVICESSECTORIS#ANADA S BUSINESSSERVICESINDUSTRY )TACCOUNTEDFOR BILLIONOF THE NATIONAL'$0ANDEMPLOYSMORETHAN MILLION #ANADIANS REPRESENTINGNEARLY PERCENTOFTHETOTALLABOUR FORCE #ANADABOASTSSOMEOFTHELARGESTBUSINESSSERVICES CLUSTERSIN.ORTH!MERICA WITHMANY#ANADIANCITIESHAVINGA HIGHERPROPORTIONOFBUSINESSSUPPORT RELATEDCOMPANIES IN COMPARISONTOOTHER.ORTH!MERICANLOCATIONS 3TRONGCLUSTERS OFSHAREDSERVICESCOMPANIESALLOWCLOSELINKAGESWITHBUYERS SUPPLIERSANDOTHERINSTITUTIONSTOOFFERADVANTAGESTHATLEADTO GREATEREFlCIENCY ACCELERATEDIMPROVEMENTANDINNOVATION

7ORLD%CONOMIC&ORUM 'LOBAL#OMPETITIVENESS2EPORT

3IZEOFESTIMATEDBUSINESSSERVICESCLUSTERASA OFTOTALCOMPANIES HIGHEST RANKING.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

6ANCOUVER S#ENTRAL"USINESS$ISTRICT "RITISH#OLUMBIA #ANADA

000005

000 6 005

-ONTRAL$OWNTOWN 1UEBEC #ANADA

#!.!$! 36!,5%02/0/3)4)/.
2ENEWABLEENERGIES
7ITH MILLIONHECTARESOFFORESTLANDIN#ANADA THE#ANADIAN FORESTSECTORISWELL DEVELOPEDANDISONEOFTHEWORLD SLARGEST EXPORTERSOFWOODPRODUCTS #ANADA SBIOMASSCOGENERATION INDUSTRYISABLETOLEVERAGETHESERESOURCES WITHTHEPULPAND PAPERSECTORCURRENTLYACCOUNTINGFOR PERCENTOFTHEBIOMASS COGENERATIONOUTPUT #OMMITTEDTOSUSTAINABLEFORESTMANAGEMENTANDINVESTING INRENEWABLEENERGY THE'OVERNMENTOF#ANADAUNVEILEDTHE ECO%NERGY2ENEWABLE)NITIATIVE IN PROVIDINGINCENTIVES FORLOWIMPACT RENEWABLEELECTRICITYPROJECTS 0OTENTIALINVESTORS CANALSOBENElTFROMTHEPRESENCEOFALARGEWORKFORCEIN MANUFACTURINGASWELLASINTHEFORESTRYINDUSTRY 4HERAPIDGROWTHOF#ANADA SWINDENERGYINDUSTRY DUEINPART TOSEVERALRECENTFOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENTS HASRESULTEDINAN INCREASINGNUMBEROFMANUFACTURINGlRMSENTERINGTHEMARKET #ANADAISONEOFTHEWORLD SLEADINGEXPORTERSOFELECTRICITY ANDNEIGHBOURSTHEWORLD SLARGESTELECTRICITYCONSUMER WHICH HASASTRONGANDINCREASINGAPPETITEFORGREENPOWER #ANADIAN LOCATIONSOFFERHIGHLYAPPEALING COSTCOMPETITIVEOPTIONS COMBINEDWITHSOMEOFTHEBESTOPERATINGENVIRONMENTSFORTHE MANUFACTURINGOFWINDFARMTURBINESANDCOMPONENTS

,OCALPOTENTIALTORECRUITSKILLEDSTAFFFORABIOMASS COGENERATIONOPERATION HIGHEST RANKINGCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

#OWLEY2IDGE !LBERTA #ANADA

&OOD0ROCESSING
)N #ANADA SFOOD ANDBEVERAGE PROCESSINGINDUSTRY WITHAWORKFORCEOF EMPLOYEES PRODUCEDSHIPMENTS WORTH BILLION %ACHYEAR #ANADIANMILLSGRINDSOME MILLIONTONNESOFWHEAT OATS CORNANDBARLEYANDEXPORT COMMODITIESSUCHASWHEATmOUR SEMOLINA ANDOTHERMILLED GRAINPRODUCTSTOOVER COUNTRIESWORLDWIDE #ANADAINVESTSBILLIONSOFDOLLARSIN2 $ANNUALLYTOHELPDRIVE INNOVATIONANDTOENSURETHATCOMPANIESHAVEACCESSTOTHE BESTTALENTANDINFRASTRUCTUREINTHEWORLD #ANADA SGRAIN PROCESSINGINDUSTRYPRODUCESINNOVATIVEFOODINGREDIENTS NATURALHEALTHPRODUCTS GENERALANDPERFORMANCEANIMALFEED mOUR ETHANOL ASWELLASINCREASINGLYPOPULAREND PRODUCT INGREDIENTSSUCHASWHEATGLUTEN BIOACTIVECOMPOUNDS AND BIO BASEDINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS

'RAINPROCESSING RELATEDRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT
HIGHEST RANKING.ORTH!MERICANCITIES

# ANADIAN . ON # ANADIAN

000006

000 7 006

5.EXPORT OPPORTUNITES
It's a big and bustling global marketplace out there. Discovering which markets will be lucrative for your business - and knowing how to sell yourself to prospective customers - will help seal the deal to your success. Luckily, you'll find all kinds of resources here to help you shop for new markets and customers, from tips on hot new markets and local business customs to finding the financing arrangements you need to attend trade missions and shows. Attending trade and mission shows: Export Prospector Program :The export prospector program offers you the unique opportunity to participate in a trade mis sion designed specifically for your schedule , your market interests and your products or servic es. You choose the destination and dates of t ravel. The program is a simple, cost-effective way or f you to position yourself in the foreign mar ket of your choice, at a time that is right for you. Sp ecifically for those in the Atlantic provinces. Find the right trade show:To maximize your return on investment, th is article provides key items to consider when choo osing a trade show to attend. Foreign Representatives in Canada:Foreign Affairs and International T rade Canada (DFAIT) offers information on foreign representatives in Canada. The Office of Protocol helps you find the most accurate information on foreign missions and international orga nizations accredited to Canada, as well as on their s taff members. Trade Shows and Missions:Trade shows, events and trade missions are o pportunities for you to promote your products or services to a mass audience. While these v enues can represent a significant investment, careful planning and deliberation can pay dividen ds. American Procurement resources: Department of Government Services: The Procurement Division of the Department of General Services strives to provide all the necessary supplies for the state government at the best possible price. This site has all the forms and resources that any company, including wellpositioned Canadian companies, would need to provide cost-effective supplies to the California government.

Canada

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing: EPP is part of the Environmental Protection Agency and is intended to help the federal government buy green. This can provide an incredible opportunity to any environmentally conscious product or company by using the U.S. federal governments huge buying power to stimulate demand for green products. The site gives a good overview of the requirements and processes related to government green purchases, and includes a vendors section of regulations, policies, FAQs and more. Canadian Procurement resources: Business Opportunities(Development and Humanitarian Aid Market s): This site provides information on procureme nt processes and investing criteria for m ultilateral-development banks, bilateral-development agencies and United Nations agencies. Canada-Ontario Governme nt Procurement Guide: Spending tens of billions of dollars on procurement every year, Ca nadas federal and provincial governments offer businesses exciting opportunities to sell their p roducts and services. This guide helps bus inesses helps potential suppliers navigate the rules and regulations of the process. Canadian Commercial Corporation: Canada's international contracting agency brings foreign government buyers and Canadian exporters together in defence mark ets and emerging and developing markets. International Procurement: ACT Procurement Solutions: This is the official purchasing website of the Australian Capital Territory. It serves as a ce ntre of expertise for procurement matters, providing procurementrelated services to ACT Go vernment agencies. The site also includes a hot topics section, as well as tender notifications and advertisements, prequalification, and feat ure projects. African Development Bank : African Development Bank promotes the economic development and social progress of its regional member countries (RMC) in Africa. Among its many functions, the Bank makes loans and equity investments for the economic and social advancement of the RMC. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Procurement: APEC is the premier Asia-Pacific economic forum. With a goal of building a dynamic and harmonious Asia-Pacific community, APEC champions free and open trade and investment, promotes and accelerates regional economic integration, encourages economic and technical cooperation. This web page links to

Canada

10

a wealth of valuable resources and information, business resources, tips, regulations, and tips on travel in the area and procurement.

6. IMPORTS OF THE NATION OR EXPORTS TO THE NATION:

Canada is the biggest trading partner of the United States. The two countries share the same language, culture, and the worlds largest undefended border. The Canadian economy is growing rapidly and is hungry for imports. Major Categories of Exports to Canada Category 1996 Value (Bil lions of Dollars) Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories 15.962 Motor Vehicles and Car Bodies Electronic Components Plastics Materials and Resins ustion Engines Internal Comb s and Steel Mills Blast Furnaces Construction Machinery Industrial Organic Chemicals Refrigeration Equipment Paper Mills and 12.072 3.986 2.508 2.378 1.741 1.437 1.422 Heating 1.411 1.299 1.291 1.289 1.139 1.137 1.128 1.043 1.043 0.999 0.977 0.925

Semiconductors and Related Devices 2.991

Telephone Ap paratus Furniture and Fixtures Plastics Produ cts Engine Electri cal Equipment Farm Machinery and Equipment Industrial Inor ganic Chemicals Process Control Instruments Aircraft Engines and Engine Parts Valves and Pipe Fittings Aircraft Parts and Equipment

Household Audio and Video 0.903 Equipment Current-Carrying Wiring Devices 0.865 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil 0.860

Canada

11

Petroleum Refining

0.829

Thecompounded average annual growth rate of the manufacturing sector of the Canadian economy, over the period 1990 to 1995, was 2 percent. The following table shows the areas of the manufacturing sector, the related contribution to the Canadian GDP, and the compounded average annual growth rate: Canadian Manufacturing Industries Growth (199095)

Industry Transportation Electric/Electronic Food Chemical Paper Primary Metal Fabricated M etal Wood Printing/Publ ishing Machinery Other Manufacturing Non-metallic Mineral Beverage Clothing Plastic Petroleum Furniture/Fixture Rubber Primary Textile Textile Products Tobacco Leather

GDP (1995) 15.8 12.7 10.2 8.2 7.9 7.6 6.3 5.1 4.3 3.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.2

($ Annual G rowth Billions) (1990 to 1995) 3.7 9.6 1.5 1.1 0.9 3.5 -0.5 0.9 -5.6 1.0 2.0 -2.9 1.1 -2.1 3.2 0.4 1.0 7.5 1.2 -1.9 -0.9 -4.0

Canada

12

1. Export Growth:
During the 2001 to 2011 period, exports experienced very low growth, with a compound annual growth rate of just 1.2% (Figure 1) in nominal terms, and zero percent in real (2002 dollars) terms. Notably, nominal exports recovered at a much faster rate than export volumes in the past two years, spurred on largely by rising commodity prices.
Figure 1: Canadian nominal and real exports, 2001 to 2011
600 550 CAD - Billions 500 450 400 350 300 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Real (2002$) Nominal

Canadian exports are still in the process of recovery following a massive drop-off in 2009 brought on by the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession. The recovery in exports that began in 2010 maintained its momentum in 2011, propped up by the ongoing recovery of global demand. In nominal terms, exports grew 11% from 2010 to 2011, while real exports increased 10%. Despite this growth, real exports only reached 92% of their 2007 peak, leaving the recovery incomplete even after four years.

Although nominal exports are expected to exceed their 2008 level by the end of 2012 or early 2013, a similar recovery in real exports will take longer to occur. Canadas real exports have rebounded at a noticeably slower rate than the rest of the world, as world exports exceeded their 2008 peak in real terms as early as Q32011. In 2012 and beyond, energy and metals are expected to continue to drive Canadian export growth, with additional input from the recovery in export markets for automotives and capital machinery.

Canada

13

2. IMPORT GROWTH
From 2001 to 2011, Canadian imports grew at an average annual rate of 2.9% in nominal terms (Figure 2), much higher than the 1.2% rate of annual increase in exports. In real (price-adjusted)

terms, import volumes grew 3.7% per annum, reflecting the increased purchasing power of the strong Canadian dollar. Imports enjoyed a much stronger recovery than exports coming out of the recession. In 2011, real imports were 4.4% higher than their most recent peak in 2008, while nominal imports were 3.3% higher than the 2008 level. Growth will persist in the medium term as the dollar remains strong and domestic demand continues to grow.
Figure 2: Canadian nominal and real imports, 2001 to 2011
650 600 CAD - Billions 550 500 450 400 350 300 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Real (2002$) Nominal

3. Number of exporters:
In 2010, there were 38,456 exporting enterprises in Canada 4% below the level in 2000 (Figure 3), and 15% below the 2005 peak. Most of the decline in exporters came from the manufacturing and wholesale trade sectors. In 2010, the number of exporters as a proportion of the total number of potential exporting enterprises in Canada was the lowest it has been at any point from 2000 to 2010, at 4.8%. This indicates that the exporter population is declining faster than the number of businesses operating domestically.

Canada

14

From 2009 to 2010, the number of large exporters fell by just 10 firms to 3,833 while the number of small exporters declined 6.4% to 34,623, indicating a much worse relative performance on the part of small exporters. Given the nascent global recovery, it seems likely the exporter count will start to recover over the next couple of years. However, we can expect the high value of the dollar and other challenges to keep the exporter count below its previous peak through the next several years.

Figure 3: Canadian exporter population, 2000 to 2010

50,000 48,000 46,000 44,000 42,000 40,000 38,000 36,000 34,000 32,000 30,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

45,110 42,890 41,386 40,033 43,346

45,197

44,823

44,624

43,636 40,848 38,456

Canada

15

India-Canada Bilateral Trade during 2006-2011 (JanuaryDecember) [Figures in billion US Dollars] 2009 2010 2011 1.754 2.064 2.581 1.881 3.635 2.024 4.088 2.635 5.216

Details Indias Exports to Canada Indias Imports from Canada Total

2006 1.692 1.477 3.169

2007 1.841 1.667 3.508

2008 2.065 2.268 4.333

objective to insist My purpose is to inform you abo ut India as a business opportunity. It is not my o ntee your future. that you do business with India , without which you will not be able to guara Strategic decisions are for bus inesses themselves to make.But I can tell you that things of significance are happening in India and that you should be considering w hat this growing economy can mean for you, if no t now, then in the future. India is not china; it doesnt po se either the same challenges or offer the sa m e opportunities. India is not a global manufact uring power and is not likely to be in any r ealistic planning horizon. India is still a remarka bly autarchic economy, with its external sect or exports and imports equivalent to less than 40% of its GNP chinas exports alone are gre ater than 40% of GDP. But it is a big and growing economy, and destined to become much bigger. Like brazil and possibly Russia, it will join the EU, the USA, Japan and china as one of the pillars of the global economy. There are many reasons for thespectacular emergence of India. Most importa ntly they include the convergence of Indias remarkable entrepreneurial spirit, liberated by the e conomic reforms since the early 1990s; the growt h of corporate India and the accumulation of investment capital; the massive availability of forei gn capital for both portfolio and direct investment; the ease and enthusiasm with which Indian entrepreneurs grasped the opportunities presented by the new internet and communications technologies; the availability of abundant and well educated human resources, especially in south and central India; the connections entrepreneurs and their staffs established with the high tech, business savvy of the vast Indian Diaspora, especially in the united states and Canada. This was a set of circumstances made in heaven and the Indians had the brains and the wherewithal to exploit them to world class levels.

Canada

16

In 2008, our bilateral trade in goods and services was in the order of $4.6 billion, with Canadian exports at $2.4 billion, up by 25% over 2007, thanks to the increase in potash prices, and direct sale of diamonds. Indian exports to Canada increased by 10%, to $2.2 billion, the increase in organic chemicals, mostly for the pharmaceutical industry, iron and steel products, and electrical machinery of various types. For the companies engaged in the business, this is all good news. We can hope that current economic circumstances do not depress these numbers in 2009.But looking at the big picture, given that Canada and India together produce almost $3 trillion in goods and services in a year, th ese trade numbers are not large, even as they are growing. Our relative positions, despite being large economies and the belief that our econ omies have great complementarity, are not impres sive either: according to the world trade atlas, in 2007, Canada was Indias 28th export destinat ion, and 33rd source of imports. India was our 13th market, and our 22nd source of imports. If doing business was easy, we would all be rich. Firms must determine their objectives, s, target their markets, identify opportunities an assemble and develop their asset d minimize risks. This is a challenge anywhere, n i Canada and abroad. There are ample examp les of success in these endeavors, including in India. Only the firms themselves can determine if doing business in India can meet their bottom line objectives. What is certain is th at more and more Canadian companies find t hat fit, to their profit and benefit.

Canada

17

CanadaUnited States Free Trade Agreement: The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was a trade agreement reached by negotiators for Canada and the United States on October 4, 1987 and signed by the leaders of both countries on January 2, 1988. The agreement phased out a wide range of trade restrictions in stages over a ten -year period, and resulted in a great increase in cross-border trade. With the addition of Mexico in 1994 FTA was superseded by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). As stated in the agreement, th he main purposes of the Canadian-United S tates Free Trade Agreement were: e in goods and services between Canada and theUnited States; eliminate barriers to trade

facilitate conditions of fair competition within the free-trade area es tablished by the Agreement; significantly liberalize co nditions for investment within that free-trade area; establish effective proce dures for the joint administration of the Ag reement and the resolution of disputes; lay the foundation for further bilateral and multilateral cooperation to expand and enhance the benefits of th e Agreement. EFFECTS: The exact ramifications of the agreement are hard to measure. After the agre ement came into effect, trade between Canada and the U.S. began to increase rapidly. While thr oughout the 20th century, exports fairly consiste ntly made up about 25% of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP), since 1990 exports have been about 40% of GDP. After 2000, they reach ed nearly 50%. Free-market economists welcom ed the Free Trade Agreement, focusing on the gains from trade, while dissenting economists cr iticized the agreement as a cause of capita l flight and job insecurity due to international outsourcing. Often, analyses of the free trade agreement find that its effects on the two countries depend on the difference in value between the Canadian dollar and the US dollar. In 1990 -1991, the Canadian dollar rose sharply in value against the US dollar, making Canadian manufactured

Canada

18

goods much more expensive for Americans to buy and making American manufactured goods much cheaper for Canadians, who no longer had to pay high duties on them. The phenomenon of "cross-border shopping," where Canadians would make shopping daytrips to US border towns to take advantage of tariff-free goods and a high Canadian dollar, provided a mini-boom for these towns. The loss of many Canadian jobs, particularly in the Ontario manufacturing sector during the recession of the early 1990s, was attributed (fairly or not) to the Free Trade Agreement. In the mid-to-late 1990s, howev er, the Canadian dollar fell to record lows in va lue to against the US dollar. Cheaper Canadian primary products such as lumber and oil could be bought tariff -free by Americans, and Hollywood s tudios sent their crews to film many movies in C anada due to the cheap Canadian dollar. The re moval of protective tariffs meant that market forces, such as currency values, have a greater effect on the economies of both countries that they would have with tariffs. wood lumber, in The agreement has failed to lib eralize trade in some areas, most notably soft which Canadians expressed fru stration and believed that Americans repeatedly violated the agreement to impose protectioni st policies. Canada's natural resources are extremely abundant (per capita) when compar ed to the United States. Issues such as mineral, fr esh water, and softwood lumber trade still remai n disputed. While the agreement remains controversial to this day, it is no longer at the forefront of Canadian politics. It was superse ded by the North American Free Trade Agreem ent (NAFTA) in 1994. The Liberals under Jean Chrtien were elected to office in the 1993 ele ction, partly on a promise to renegotiate key labor and environmental parts of NAFTA. An agree ment was indeed struck with the Democrats unde r Bill Clinton that created separate side deals t o address both of these concerns.

Canada

19

Canada's balance of international payments (Current account) 2008 2009 2010 $ millions Current account Total receipts Goods and services Goods Services Travel Transportation Other services Primary income Compensation of employees Investment income Direct investments Portfolio investments Other investments Secondary income Private transfers Government transfers Total payments Goods and services Goods Services Travel Transportation Other services Primary income Compensation of employees Investment income Direct investments Portfolio investments 648,105 567,337 487,262 80,075 16,544 13,246 50,285 69,670 1,271 68,399 35,771 22,272 10,356 11,099 2,673 8,426 646,197 538,871 443,592 95,279 28,645 22,682 43,952 95,614 3,000 92,614 43,998 32,802 510,488 445,655 367,430 78,226 15,547 11,624 51,055 56,095 1,322 54,774 28,901 19,887 5,986 8,737 2,395 6,342 556,884 468,601 373,984 94,617 27,544 20,076 46,996 76,707 2,878 73,830 30,891 34,011 554,817 482,335 403,071 79,264 16,234 12,807 50,223 62,864 1,259 61,606 38,514 18,007 5,084 9,617 2,706 6,911 614,992 514,234 413,847 100,387 30,465 22,233 47,688 88,591 2,977 85,614 42,588 36,293 615,948 539,289 456,518 82,771 16,624 14,294 51,853 67,837 1,154 66,683 42,480 18,975 5,228 8,822 2,180 6,642 668,240 561,399 455,606 105,793 32,974 23,912 48,906 94,560 3,062 91,498 47,093 37,832 624,232 545,825 462,544 83,281 17,350 14,273 51,659 69,490 1,205 68,285 44,778 17,973 5,534 8,918 2,102 6,815 691,176 582,273 474,422 107,850 35,195 24,031 48,624 96,314 3,183 93,132 46,900 39,626 2011 2012

Canada

20 Other investments Secondary income Private transfers Government transfers Total balance Goods and services Goods Services Travel Transportation Other services Primary income Compensation of employees Investment income Direct investments Portfolio investments Other investments Secondary income Private transfers Government transfers 15,814 11,712 6,650 5,062 1,908 28,466 43,670 -15,204 -12,101 -9,436 6,333 -25,944 -1,730 -24,215 -8,227 -10,530 -5,458 -613 -3,977 3,364 8,928 11,576 6,368 5,208 -46,396 -22,946 -6,555 -16,391 -11,998 -8,452 4,059 -20,612 -1,556 -19,056 -1,990 -14,124 -2,942 -2,839 -3,973 1,134 6,733 12,167 6,600 5,567 -60,175 -31,899 -10,776 -21,123 -14,231 -9,427 2,534 -25,727 -1,718 -24,008 -4,074 -18,285 -1,649 -2,549 -3,893 1,344 6,572 12,282 6,746 5,536 -52,292 -22,110 912 -23,022 -16,350 -9,618 2,947 -26,723 -1,908 -24,815 -4,613 -18,857 -1,345 -3,459 -4,566 1,106 6,606 12,589 6,897 5,692 -66,944 -36,447 -11,879 -24,569 -17,845 -9,758 3,034 -26,825 -1,978 -24,847 -2,121 -21,653 -1,072 -3,672 -4,795 1,123

Canada

21

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES:

Table 1 The EFA and Official International Reserves March 31, 2011 March 31, 2010 Change

(market value in millions of dollars) Securities Deposits Total securities and deposits (liquid reserves) Gold SDRs Total EFA IMF reserve position Total official international reserves 47,035 324 47,359 4 4,716 484 4 5,200 2,319 -160 2,159

157 9,330 56,846 3,760 60,606

122 8,925 5 4,247 2,422 5 6,669

35 405 2,599 1,338 3,937

Canada

$68,222million

Nov 2012

Canada