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# 6
II- Objectives:
This experiment is established in order to introduce and interpret the general features of balancing technique, in addition to familiarise the student with the basic steps in applying both static and dynamic balancing techniques on unbalanced mechanical parts.
with equal distances from the central axis, the disk is considered statically balanced although these masses are at different axial positions. !ractically, static balancing is performed by taking the part like a disk with its axis of rotation oriented hori"ontally, and rotating it several times; and at the end of each run after getting stable, a mark is made in the lower part of the disk on one of its faces. #f the different marks are distributed randomly over the circumference of the disk, then the disk is of good mass distribution and considered balanced; but in the case that they accumulate in a small region, it is realised that there is a mass concentration in that part of the disk, and this can be treated either by taking small mass from there, or by adding mass to the opposite position of the disk. Static Balancing $achine shown in Figure!6.) below is used for faster and more accurate static balancing operations. The machine is simply a pendulum, that is balanced and stable in a vertical configuration with no loading, and free to tilt in all directions about a ball %oint; but when the pendulum is loaded with an unbalanced disk on its platform, it tilts by some angle from the original orientation. The side to which it tilts shows the position of the eccentric mass, and the angle by which it tilts is proportional to the magnitude of that eccentric mass to be compensated.
'endulum
unbalanced dis(
Ball joint
&$ter %oading
Be$ore %oading
igure-!"# Sche*atic representation o$ the Static (alancing Machine
&rom the previous discussion, the only condition to be satisfied for static balancing to be achieved is that'( )The resultant force of all the forces caused by the rotation of the out of balance masses, in a given rotating part should be "ero*, that is'
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Fi = +
")'
"+' where; *i is the out of balance mass "eccentric *ass'. ei is the distance from axis of rotation "eccentricit%'. is the angular speed of the part. ",ote- e.n!) is a /ector e.uation, in #hich each $orce is a /ector o$ a *agnitude gi/en b% e.n!+, and direction denoted b% the angle i, *easured $ro* the re$erence hori0ontal direction'.
.,/
.+/ m*
.*/
e* &0is O$ -otation e, m, e+
e#
m+
a* a+ a,
igure-!"* 1eneral case o$ a 2!D s%ste* to be d%na*icall% balanced
Fi = + M i = +
")' "2'
/nd again, the forces in e.n!) are given by e.n!+, and the moments in e.n!2 are given by'
Mi = a i *i ei ,
"3'
/nd so, after choosing a reference plane, translate all the centrifugal forces in the other planes to that plane as forces "*iei+' and moments "ai*iei+', and there you can apply the vector summation of forces and moments separately to satisfy the requirements of dynamic balancing mentioned in e.ns!) & 2.
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1- 2overning 3quations:
#n this experiment, the ma%or formulas to be used have been given in e.ns!), +, 2 & 3; and according to the given system, e.ns!) & 2 can be extracted to'
Fi = F0 + F, + F2 + F1 = +
"4' "6'
M i = M0 + M , + M 2 + M 1 = +
"5' "6'
a0 *0e0 cos 0 + a , *, e , cos , + a 2 *2 e2 cos 2 + a 1 *1 e 1 cos 1 = + a0 *0e0 sin 0 + a , * , e, sin , + a 2 *2 e2 sin 2 + a 1 *1 e 1 sin 1 = +
To find the eccentric mass * and the eccentricity e for each block, then' /ccording to Figure!6.3 shown below, by assuming that the sector removed from the circle of diameter D) contributes approximately 78 of the full circle, then the
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eccentric mass and its eccentricity can be expressed by the following formulas, respectively'
5* e b
5# t
D*
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D#
d %*
%#
igure-!", ,o*enclature o$ the bloc9s
, 0 , , , * = L0 #t D0 t D0 t + D0 t D, t bL, t + d , L, 1 4 03 1 1
"7'
L0 , 0 , L0#t :0 D0 t D0 t ( :0 b) , 03 4 e= * , b D, t( :, :0 ) + bL,t d , L, :0 1 , 1
")8'
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.,/
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Shared Dimensions &mong the our Bloc(s 1alue Parameter 5# .mm/ %* .mm/ ) .mm/ d .mm/
1alue
.6/
S .mm/
&rom the end of the second vector, draw a circle with radius *2e2, and from the origin draw a circle of radius *3e3.
&rom the end of the second vector, draw a line at angle 2, and from the origin another one at angle 3.
The previous method outlined is a graphical method, and you can obtain more accurate results by solving e.ns!4 & 6 simultaneously, to find 2 and 3, and then e.ns!5 & 6 to get a2 and a3.
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I7- -esults:
Table-!"+ Data processing anal%sis
m .(g/
e .mm/
me .(g"m/
ame .(g"m*/
-------------------------------------
.6/
a .mm/
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,< &or the disk mentioned in the example of static balancing technique, it was shown that it is statically balanced. Based on that description is it also dynamically balanced= >hy=
2< #t can be easily concluded that static balancing dose not imply dynamic balancing. -escribe how can you check that with the system used in the experiment, after being balanced=
1< 5ould we consider static balancing technique an adequate alternative for dynamic balancing in some special cases= #f yes, explain when and give a practical example=
?< @ou are given a build(in system that you cannot change its configuration; like a shaft loaded with parts of known eccentric masses, at fixed separating distances and with fixed angular orientations. Aow could you balance such a system=
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3< 5omment on your observations concerning the behaviour of the system, when you had tested your balancing calculations experimentally=
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