Jasmine Rodriguez Lecture 4, Discussion 4B UCID#: 104171648 Lab 4 TB or Not TB? 1.

Based on the Summary of the Hill Data and the graph below, it seems as though the outcome or recovery of a patient suffering from Tuberculosis is dependent upon whether or not they are treated.
Hill's TB Experiment Outcome died Treatment control streptomycin 14 4 18 recovered 38 51 89 Row Summary 52 55 107
Hill's TB Experiment 60 50 40 30 20 10 control streptomycin Treatment
count ( )

Bar Chart

Column Summary S1 = count ( )

Outcome died

recovered

As you can see from the summary, of the 55 people who were treated with streptomycin, only 4 people or 7 percent died due to complications from their illness, while 14 people of the 52 belonging to the controlled group or about 27 percent died to due to complications from their illness and no direct action for treatment. In total, the control group is responsible for nearly 78% of the deaths in this data set, while streptomycin is only responsible for about 22%. 2. If treatment and outcome were independent, we would expect a total of 16.8% participants in any replicated study to die. Of those who patients who were treated with Streptomycin, we should expect about 7% or 7 of 100 people to die if treatment and outcome were independent.
Hill's TB Experiment Outcome died control Treatment streptomycin Column Summary 14 0.269231 0.777778 4 0.0727273 0.222222 18 0.168224 1 recovered 38 0.730769 0.426966 51 0.927273 0.573034 89 0.831776 1 Row Summary 52 1 0.485981 55 1 0.514019 107 1 1

S1 = count ( ) S2 = rowproportion S3 = columnproportion

3. (a) Streptomycin is a significantly more effective treatment for tuberculosis than bed rest (the actual difference between the two groups is real). Thus, treatment and outcome are dependent. The fact that the simulated data set is not comparable to our actual data set is the exact reason why I believe that A is the most reasonable explanation.
Hill's TB Experiment Outcome died control Treatment streptomycin Column Summary 14 0.269231 0.777778 4 0.0727273 0.222222 18 0.168224 1 recovered 38 0.730769 0.426966 51 0.927273 0.573034 89 0.831776 1 Row Summary 52 1 0.485981 55 1 0.514019 107 1 1

Measures from Scrambled Hill's TB Experiment

Dot Plot

S1 = count ( ) S2 = rowproportion S3 = columnproportion

6 8 10 ndiedStrep

12

14

16

As you can see from this summary of the actual data and the graph of the simulated data, the actual data set shows a significant difference between deaths during bed rest and deaths during Streptomycin treatment, while the simulated data shows an even distribution between deaths during bed rest and deaths during Streptomycin treatment. While both bed rest and streptomycin are referred to as treatments, the fact is that bed rest asks you to do virtually nothing except to wait it out, while Streptomycin is an actual antibiotic, a medicinal antibacterial that is used to destroy bacterial infections such as tuberculosis. You cannot compare a simulated data set that is COMPLETELY left up to chance to an actual data set that observes the outcomes of one group taking action by seeking physical treatment and another that actually leaves their fate completely up to chance. The difference is real, and proves that streptomycin, and arguably any medicinal treatment to combat bacterial infection, is much more effective than bed rest. 4. Hills study is an example of an experiment, as he controls the two groups involved by assigning them to either bed rest or Streptomycin treatment and then observes the outcomes. If we had seen a real difference between the Streptomycin group and the control group and concluded that Streptomycin was effective, you can conclude that there is a direct correlation between Streptomycin and effective treatment and that there is also a cause and effect relationship between Streptomycin treatment and Tuberculosis recovery. Summary Question: Concepts from Chapter 3 in the book that appeared on this lab were the Empirical Rule, mean, median, and range. Concepts that were not discussed in this lab that appear in Chapter 3 were Standard Deviations, z-scores, interquartile range, and potential outliers.