1

1213-2 K9

Q1.

(a) Traffic problems grew from more than just an increase in vehicles. One survey showed that traffic was rising more rapidly than the number of cars, suggesting that car owners took more trips than they had before. Motorists also stored their cars on the streets, in effect making them a depot for abutters. Parking reduced downtown street area by 33 percent to ! percent. "n some busy cities, pedestrians could travel faster than cars downtown during the rush hour. Based on the above statement, suggest how the Information and Communication Technolo ! (ICT) could "otentiall! hel" to lessen or minimise the traffic "roblems in eneral. #$% marks&

#nswer 1. $sin internet to "a! bills, counter and online sho""in for roceries will reduce the number of tri"s for car owners have to ta%e to do the thin s mentioned above. &. 'nline u"(to(date traffic condition at a certain location hel"s us to "lan our )ourne! b! usin uncon ested route. *. Traffic li ht mana ement s!stem that can ado"t to the amount of traffic at a "articular road b! inte ratin CCT+ and satellite monitorin .

(b)

The second sta e of the ,-.C (,!stem -evelo"ment .ife C!cle) is /s!stems anal!sis0 where it involves modellin of information. (i) -efine what does it means b! information modellin . Information modellin is a tas% that can be enerall! characterised b! the com"le1it! of the information and "rocesses involved in construction industr!. Information modellin or conce"tual modellin consists of a collection of ob)ects, their "ro"erties, their relationshi"s with other ob)ects, their membershi"s in classes, and their relationshi" constrains and cardinalities.

& (ii) Discuss the main a""roaches that are commonl! used in information modellin b! includin dia rams and e1am"les.

#nswer #ctivit! 2 3rocess 4odel #ctivit! model or "rocess model techni5ue has been used in a number of for anal!sin the information flow between different information "rocessin activities in the desi n and construction. The advanta es of activit! modellin in the construction industr! are to sim"lif! the understandin of the involved "rocesses and the develo"ment of their subse5uent a""lications. 6owever, activit! modellin cannot be used as a means to translate conce"tual models into "h!sical databases.

-ata model

* -ata model is a set of conce"ts that can be used to describe the structure and o"eration of a database. The idea of a data model is to define the behaviour to be included i a database in res"onse to the com"le1it! of constructin lar e database for or anisations.

3roduct 4odel 3roduct model focus on modellin the structure of the information describin the "roduct, "rocesses, resources and other elements of the construction "rocess usin conce"tual modellin techni5ues. This model ma%e the easier wa! for s!stem anal!st or "ro rammer communicate with the end user and define their own re5uirement on that s!stem.

#$3 marks& (25 marks)