Transport network layer Siemens/NEC

MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
1
Contents
1 ATM layer on RNC side 3
1.1 Performance measurement counters 15
1.2 Evaluation of ATM layer on RNC side 16
2 ATM layer on NodeB side 19
2.1 Performance measurement counters 20
2.2 Evaluation of ATM layer on NodeB side 22


Transport network layer
Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
2
Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
3

1 ATM layer on RNC side

Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
4

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) uses cells of 53 bytes (fixed) length, 5 of them
build up the ATM header, and the remaining 48 bytes are used for the payload.
Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

B
y
t
e

A
T
M

H
e
a
d
e
r
CLP PTI (3)
Payload (48 bytes)
...VCI...
Flow Control (4) / VPI
Header Error Check (8)
VPI...
...VPI (8) VCI...
...VCI (16)
ATM Cells
VPI = Virtual Path Identifier
VCI = Virtual Channel Identifier
PTI = Payload Type Indicator
CLP = Cell Loss Priority
Bit 1 in the Payload Type
Indicator field marks last
cell of a PDU

Fig. 1 ATM cells and ATM header



Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
6

ATM is connection oriented, i.e. before transmission of any data through the network,
a connection has to be established. These connections are virtual connections, since
they only exist as routing tables in the ATM nodes.
The routing of the cells is based on the information given in the VPI/VCI field (Virtual
Path Identifier / Virtual Channel Identifier) of the ATM header.
The VPI/VCI values have local significance. ATM Cross Connects may change the
VPI, ATM Switches may change both, the VPI and the VCI.

ATM uses congestion management and indicates with the help of the CLP (Cell Loss
Priority) those cells which should be deleted preferred in case of congestion.

The ATM header is protected by a CRC-8 procedure which allows the receiving side
for the detection of header errors.

There exist different types of ATM cells which are used for the transmission of:
User data,
Signaling information,
O&M information,
Idle and Unassigned Cells.
The different cell types are related to certain VPI / VCI and PTI (Payload Type
Identifier) values.

The information of the higher layers must be adapted to the format of the information
field used by ATM. This adaptation is done by the so called AAL (ATM Adaptation
Layer). Four different service types are foreseen: AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, and AAL5.

Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virtual
Channels
Virtual
Paths
Physical
connection
RNC
Virtual
Channels
Virtual
Paths
Physical
connection

Fig. 2 Physical connections, virtual paths and virtual channels


Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
8

Trunk interfaces are shown below.

Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TINF
DTI
4 x STM1
8 x E1

Fig. 3 Trunk interfaces



Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
10

AAL 1 2 3 / 4 5
AAL 2 synchronous,
VBR,
Voice / Video compr.
AAL 3/4 asynchronous,
UBR,
AAL 5 asynchronous,
UBR,
Computer Data
AAL 1 synchronous,
CBR,
Voice uncompressed
Typical Usage
Priority

Fig. 4 ATM-Adaptation Layer: Fragmentation of Access Data into ATM cells



Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Header Payload
ATM Cell
0 sec 125 sec
AAL5
ATM
SDH
Overhead ~ 11%
Overhead ~ 3 %
SDH Frame

Fig. 5 Mapping of ATM cells on SDH frames


Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
12

Variable Payload
3 Byte initial AAL2 Header
User 1 User 2 User 3 User 1 ....
AAL2
Minicells
1 Byte secondary AAL2 Header
5 Byte ATM Header

Fig. 6 ATM adaptation Layer 2


Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
13

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

higher layer Protocol PDU (e.g. IP)
8 Byte AAL5 Trailer
5 Byte ATM
Header
Padding to n x 48 Bytes
CLP PTI (3)
Payload (48 bytes)
...VCI...
Flow Control (4) / VPI
Header Error Check (8)
VPI...
...VPI (8) VCI...
...VCI (16)
ATM Cell
Bit 1 in the Payload Type
Indicator field marks last
cell of a PDU
VPI = Virtual Path Identifier
VCI = Virtual Channel Identifier
PTI = Payload Type Indicator
CLP = Cell Loss Priority

Fig. 7 ATM adaptation layer 5



Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
14

RNC
Physical connection Physical connection
Received ATM cells
(except idle cells):
Per STM1
Per E1
Per STM1 VP/VC
ATM cells discarded
(because of HEC
violation):
Per E1
Transmitted ATM cells
(except idle cells):
Per STM1
Per E1
Per STM1 VP/VC
ATM cells discarded
(because of buffer
overflow due to
congestion):
Per STM1
HEC
check
Congestion
Detection

Fig. 8 Overview about ATM Performance measurements at RNC



Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
15

1.1 Performance measurement counters
1.1.1 Ingress cells (for STM-1, E1)
a) For STM-1, This measurement type counts the number of all ATM cells
(except idle cells) which come into TINF from STM-1 line.
For E-1, This measurement type counts the number of all ATM cells (except
idle cells) which come into DTI from E-1 line.
b) CC.
c) Same as (a).
d) An integer value.
e) lineIncomingCells
f) Administrable per LINE.
g) ATM LINE measurement function.

1.1.2 Egress cells (for STM-1, E1)
a) For STM-1, This measurement type counts the number of all ATM cells
(except idle cells) which go out from TINF to STM-1 line.
For E-1, This measurement type counts the number of all ATM cells (except
idle cells) which go out from DTI to E-1 line.
b) CC.
c) Same as (a).
d) An integer value.
e) lineOutgoingCells
f) Administrable per LINE.
g) ATM LINE measurement function.

1.1.3 Cell loss ratio (for STM-1)
a) This measurement type is the ratio of the number of discarded ATM cells
(except idle cells) due to congestion to the number of all ATM cells (except idle
cells) which come into TINF from STM-1 VP.
b) Gauge.
c) Cell loss ratio = (Discarded cells due to congestion for VPC [ingress] / Ingress
cells for VPC) X 100 (%)
d) An integer value with unit: percent.
e) cellLossRatio
f) Administrable per VP.
g) ATM VP measurement function.
Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
16

1.2 Evaluation of ATM layer on RNC side
STM -1 TRANSMISSION USAGE RATE
This indicator provides the ratio between transmitted cells related to maximum
number of cell transmissions.

STM-1 RECEIVE USAGE RATE
This indicator provides the ratio between received cells related to maximum number
of received cells.

Long name STM-1 receive usage rate
Short name STM1RxUsageRate
Description This indicator provides the ratio between received cells related to maximum
number of received cells.
Formula
% 100 *
*
8 * 53
/ 146
min
/ min max
min
1
GP
s Mbit
gCells lineInco
line gcells Inco
gCells lineInco
e RxUsageRat STM = =
Counters lineIncomingCells


Object STML
Unit/Range Percent
Remark




Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
17

STM-1 TRANSMIT/RECEIVE RATE
This indicator provides the asymmetry ratio between transmitted and received cells.

E1 TRANSMIT/RECEIVE RATE
This indicator provides the asymmetry ratio between transmitted and received cells.

Long name E1 transmit/receive rate
Short name E1TxRxRate
Formula
gCells lineInco
ngCells lineOutgoi
TxRxRate E
min
1 =
Counters lineOutgoingCells
lineIncomingCells
Object EL
Unit/Range None
Remark

CELL LOSS RATIO
See measurement type description in 1.1.3: cellLossRatio.

Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
18


Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
19

2 ATM layer on NodeB side
Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
20

2.1 Performance measurement counters
2.1.1 Total number of transmitted ATM cells
a) This measurement provides the total number of ATM cells sent to RNC.
b) CC.
c) The scanner obtains the total number of sending cells (Tn) occurrences from
vpc per 10 seconds and accumulates the obtained values. After the GP, the
result is obtained by the calculation below:
Result = T1+T2+...+Tn
d) An integer value.
e) totalNumberOfTransmitCell
f) Administrable per NODEB.
g) CELL measurement function.

2.1.2 Total number of received ATM cells
a) This measurement provides the total number of ATM cells received from RNC.
b) CC.
c) The scanner obtains the total number of receiving cells (Rn) occurrences from
vpc per 10 seconds and accumulates the obtained values. After the GP, the
result is obtained by the calculation below:
Result = R1+R2+...+Rn
d) An integer value.
e) totalNumberOfReceivingCell
f) Administrable per NODEB.
g) CELL measurement function.

Transport network layer Siemens/NEC


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
/
21

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Node B
Physical connection Physical connection
Received ATM cells
(from RNC)
ATM cells discarded
(because of HEC
violation)
Transmitted ATM cells
(to RNC)
Faulty ATM cells
(invalid PTI,
invalid VCI)
HEC
check

Fig. 9 Overview about ATM Performance measurements at NodeB



Siemens/NEC Transport network layer


MN3540EU35MN_0002
2005 Siemens AG / NEC Corporation
22

2.2 Evaluation of ATM layer on NodeB side
CELL LOSS RATIO
See measurement type description in 1.1.3: cellLossRatio.

ATM TRANSMIT/RECEIVE RATE
This indicator provides the asymmetry ratio between transmitted and received cells.

Long name ATM transmit/receive rate
Short name ATMTxRxRate
Formula
l ceivingCel rOf totalNumbe
tCell rOfTransmi totalNumbe
e ATMTxRxRat
Re
=
Counters totalNumberOfTransmitCell
totalNumberOfReceivingCell
Object VP
Unit/Range None
Remark