SEMESTER 2 Chapter 2 Static Networking V 4.0 2.1.1 2.1.( What are the primary responsi i!

ities o" the ro#ter$ What is the "irst seria! connector &escri e& ca!!e& at the ro#ter en&$ What is the "irst seria! connector &escri e& ca!!e& at the ro#ter en&$ What are the "i,e stan&ar&s s#pporte& y seria! connections$ When wi!! static ro#tes an& &ynamic ro#tes e a&&e& to the ro#ting ta !e$ What comman& wi!! show the stat#s an& gi,es a &etai!e& &escription "or a!! inter"aces on the ro#ter$ What &oes the a&ministrati,e!y &own o#t p#t mean$ What &oes the !ine &own o#tp#t mean$ What &oes the show ip inter"aces rie" comman& !ist$ Why is show ip inter"aces rie" comman& etter than show r#nning con"ig to see i" the state o" the inter"aces$ What is the &e"a#!t state o" ro#ter inter"aces$ What are the comman&s an& prompt to ena !e an inter"ace$ E,en a"ter con"ig#ring an inter"ace0 what m#st e recei,e& y the inter"ace to change the state to #p$ What comman& wi!! stop the messages ret#rne& y -<S not to inter"ere with yo#r typing$ %etermining the est path to sen& packets 'orwar&ing packets towar& their &estination %)*+0 port that can s#pport "i,e &i""erent ca !ing stan&ar&s. %)*+0 E-./T-.*2(20 E-./T-.*4410 V.(20 3.210 an& E-./T-.*2(0 stan&ar&s "or seria! connections Static ro#tes an& &ynamic ro#tes wi!! not e a&&e& to the ro#ting ta !e #nti! the appropriate !oca! inter"aces0 a!so known as the e4it inter"aces0 ha,e een con"ig#re& on the ro#ter Show inter"aces

2.1.(.2

.&ministrati,e!y &own means that the inter"ace is c#rrent!y in the sh#t&own mo&e0 or t#rne& o"". 5ine protoco! is &own means0 the inter"ace is not recei,ing a carrier signa! "rom a switch or h# . may a!so e &#e to the inter"ace is in sh#t&own mo&e. show ip inter"ace rie" comman& can e #se& to see a portion o" the inter"ace in"ormation in a con&ense& "ormat. 6se the show ip inter"ace rie" comman& to 7#ick!y ,eri"y that inter"aces are #p an& #p 8a&ministrati,e!y #p an& !ine protoco! is #p9. )y &e"a#!t0 a!! ro#ter inter"aces are sh#t&own0 or t#rne& o"". R18con"ig9:inter"ace "astethernet 0/0 R18con"ig*i"9:ip a&&ress 1;2.1+.(.1 222.222.222.0 R18con"ig*i"9:no sh#t&own The "irst change& state to #p message in&icates that0 physica!!y0 the connection is goo& !ogging synchrono#s comman&

2.2.2

2.2.2.2

2.2.(

What &oes a C mean in the o#tp#t o" show ip ro#te$ What types o" a&&resses are seen in the ro#ting ta !e$ What m#st e tr#e "or the network o" each inter"ace on a ro#ter$ What is the &e"a#!t gateway "or a 5.N$ What &oes a &e,ice sen& i" it &oes not ha,e the ip a&&ress in its .R= ta !e$ What are the comman&s to con"ig#re a seria! inter"ace$ Why may a seria! inter"ace sti!! e &own a"ter it has een con"ig#re&$ ."ter the other en& o" the connection is con"ig#re&0 why is the !ine protoco! &own$

%irect!y connecte& network ro#ting ta !es ha,e ro#tes "or network a&&resses rather than in&i,i&#a! host a&&resses a ro#ter cannot ha,e m#!tip!e inter"aces that e!ong to the same -= s# net. Each inter"ace m#st e!ong to a separate s# net. the ro#ter>s Ethernet or 'astEthernet inter"ace wi!! e the &e"a#!t gateway -= a&&ress "or any &e,ices on that 5.N. the Ethernet inter"ace sen&s o#t an .R= re7#est. R18con"ig9:inter"ace seria! 0/0/0 R18con"ig*i"9:ip a&&ress 1;2.1+.2.1 222.222.222.0 R18con"ig*i"9:no sh#t&own The seria! inter"ace wi!! e in the #p state on!y a"ter the other en& o" the seria! !ink has a!so een proper!y con"ig#re&. the !ine protoco! is sti!! &own. eca#se the inter"ace is not recei,ing a c!ock signa!. enter0 the c!ock rate comman&0 on the ro#ter with the %CE ca !e. the %CE is the ser,ice pro,i&er an& the %TE is the attache& &e,ice the ro#ter is the %TE &e,ice an& is connecte& to a CS6/%S60 which is the %CE &e,ice. The CS6/%S6 8%CE &e,ice9 is #se& to con,ert the &ata "rom the ro#ter 8%TE &e,ice9 into a "orm accepta !e to the W.N ser,ice pro,i&er. Seria! inter"aces re7#ire a c!ock signa! to contro! the timing o" the comm#nications. the ser,ice pro,i&er 8a %CE &e,ice s#ch as a CS6/%S69 wi!! pro,i&e the c!ock. 1. Connect the %CE en& o" the ca !e to the seria! inter"ace. 2. Con"ig#re the c!ock signa! on the seria! inter"ace #sing the c!ock rate comman&. . %TE/%CE crosso,er ca !e on which one en& is %TE an& the other en& is %CE . %TE ca !e connecte& to a %CE ca !e yo# can #se the show contro!!ers comman& to &etermine which en& o" the ca !e is attache& to that inter"ace. show inter"aces an& show ip inter"ace rie" comman&s

2.2.(.2 2.2.4

2.2.2

What en& o" a seria! connection is the ser,ice pro,i&er$ What en& o" the seria! connection is the ro#ter y &e"a#!t$ What &e,ice is #se& to con,ert the &ata "rom the ro#ter 8%TE &e,ice9 into a "orm accepta !e to the W.N ser,ice pro,i&er$ What &o seria! inter"aces re7#ire to contro! the timing o" comm#nication$ What two things m#st e &one to con"ig#re a seria! inter"ace as a %CE$ What are the two types o" seria! ca !es #se& in the !a $ What comman& wi!! te!! yo# which type o" ca !e is connecte& to the inter"ace$ What comman& wi!! show the stat#s o" the inter"aces$

2.2.2.2

2.2.2.(

2.(.1

What is the secon& test to see i" the inter"ace is operationa!$ What comman& wi!! show i" the ro#ter knows how to get to the network$ What comman& wi!! show yo# a!! the comman&s that ha,e een con"ig#re& on the ro#ter$ What is the p#rpose o" the ro#ting ta !e$ What &oes the &e #g comman& show$ What &e #g comman& wi!! show yo# as networks are connecte&$ What comman& is #se& to t#rn o"" the &e #g comman&$ What two comman&s are #se& to remo,e a &irect!y connecte& network$ What is the cr#cia! step in con"ig#ring yo#r network$ What two comman&s sho#!& yo# #se e"ore yo# contin#e with more comp!e4 con"ig#rations$ What &oes a "ai!e& ping &isp!ay$ Why &oes the "irst ping "ai! an& the secon& ping s#ccee&$

"#rther ,eri"y that the !ink is #p/#p y pinging the remote inter"ace. show ip ro#te comman& show r#nning*con"ig comman&. main p#rpose o" a ro#ting ta !e is to pro,i&e the ro#ter with paths to &i""erent &estination networks. &e #g comman&s can e #se& to monitor ro#ter operations in rea! time The &e #g ip ro#ting comman& wi!! !et #s see any changes that the ro#ter per"orms when a&&ing or remo,ing ro#tes. %isa !e &e #g ip ro#ting y #sing either the #n&e #g ip ro#ting comman& or the #n&e #g a!! comman& To remo,e a &irect!y connecte& network "rom a ro#ter0 #se these two comman&s? sh#t&own an& no ip a&&ress. The cr#cia! step in con"ig#ring yo#r network is to ,eri"y that a!! the inter"aces are @#p@ an& @#p@ an& that the ro#ting ta !es are comp!ete. ,eri"y initia! network con"ig#rations w/the show ip inter"ace rie" comman& an& the show ip ro#te comman& e"ore procee&ing w/more comp!e4 con"ig#rations. pings "ai!e&0 as in&icate& y the series o" "i,e perio&s -t is s#ccess"#! eca#se R2 has a ro#te in its ro#ting ta !e that matches 112.1+A.1.10 which is the ping packet>s &estination -= a&&ress. The "irst two ro#tes0 1;2.1+.1.0/24 an& 1;2.1+.2.0/240 are reBecte&. Cisco %isco,ery =rotoco! 8C%=9 is a power"#! network monitoring an& tro# !eshooting too!. C%= is an in"ormation*gathering too! #se& y network a&ministrators to get in"ormation a o#t &irect!y connecte& Cisco &e,ices. These a&,ertisements contain in"ormation s#ch as the types o" &e,ices that are connecte&0 the ro#ter inter"aces they are connecte& to0 the inter"aces #se& to make the connections0 an& the mo&e! n#m ers o" the &e,ices. .t 5ayer (0 ro#ting protoco!s consi&er neigh ors to e &e,ices that share the same network

2.(.2

2.(.2.2

2.(.(

What is the network monitoring an& tro# !eshooting too! #se& in this section$ Which &e,ice wi!! in"ormation e gathere& a o#t0 e speci"ic$ What in"ormation is containe& in the a&,ertisements$

.t !ayer (0 what &o ro#ting protoco!s consi&er neigh ors$

What !ayer &oes C%= operate at$ %escri e Cisco C%= neigh ors$

2.(.(.2

What are the comman&s to &isp!ay C%= in"ormation$ What is the &e"a#!t setting "or C%=$ What are the 2 types o" in"ormation that C%= pro,i&es in"ormation a o#t$ What in"ormation is &isp!aye& a"ter iss#ing the show c&p neigh ors comman&$ What in"ormation wi!! e pro,i&e& e,en i" yo# can not ping that inter"ace$ What in"ormation can e gathere& i" yo# te!net to a neigh oring &e,ice$ Can C%= e a sec#rity risk$ What comman& can e #se& to sh#t o"" C%= on a ro#ter$ 8comman& an& prompt9 What comman& can e #se& to sh#t o"" C%= on an inter"ace$ 8comman& an& prompt9 What are the two ways a ro#ter can !earn a o#t remote networks$ What is a st# ro#te$ When are static ro#tes #se&$ Why wo#!& &ynamic ro#ting e a waste o" reso#rces "or a st# ro#te$

a&&ress space. C%= operates at 5ayer 2 on!y. C%= neigh ors are Cisco &e,ices that are &irect!y connecte& physica!!y an& share the same &ata !ink. C%= neigh ors are Cisco &e,ices that are &irect!y connecte& physica!!y an& share the same &ata !ink. R1 an& S1 are C%= neigh ors R1 an& R2 are C%= neigh ors R2 an& S2 are C%= neigh ors R2 an& R( are C%= neigh ors R( an& S( are C%= neigh ors R3# show cdp neighbors R3# show cdp neighbors detail C%= starts #p y &e"a#!t. C%= a#tomatica!!y &isco,ers neigh oring Cisco &e,ices r#nning C%=0 regar&!ess o" which protoco! or s#ites are r#nning %e,ice i&enti"iers0 a&&ress !ist0 port i&enti"ier0 capa i!ities !ist0 an& p!at"orm Neigh or &e,ice -%0 !oca! inter"ace0 ho!&time ,a!#e in secon&s0 neigh or &e,ice capa i!ity co&e0 neigh or har&ware p!at"orm0 an& neigh or remote port -% C%= wi!! re,ea! the neigh ors -= a&&ress regar&!ess o" whether yo# can ping the neigh or -n"ormation a o#t yo#r neigh ors &irect!y connecte& Cisco &e,ices0 inc!#&ing an -= a&&ress that can e #se& to reach the &e,ice. Co# can te!net to that &e,ice an& repeat the process to map the entire network Ces0 eca#se some sen& o#t C%= a&,ertisements y &e"a#!t. -t m#st e &isa !e& ro#ter 8con"ig9: no c&p r#n ro#ter 8con"ig*i"9: no c&p ena !e to stop a&,ertisements on a partic#!ar inter"ace %ynamica!!y or static. -s a network thatDs accesse& y a sing!e ro#te When ro#ting "rom a network to a st# network )eca#se R1 has on!y one way o#t "or sen&ing non!oca! tra""ic.

2.(.4

2.4.1

2.4.1.2

What is the comp!ete synta4 "or entering a static ro#te$ What is the simp!er ,ersion o" the comman& that we wi!! #se$ %escri e the "irst 2 parameters #se&. %escri e the choice "or the !ast parameter to #se.

ip route prefix mask Eip-address F interface-type interface-number Gip-addressHI GdhcpH GdistanceH Gname next-hop-nameH Gpermanent F track numberH Gtag tagH Ro#ter8con"ig9: ip route network-address subnet-mask Eip-address F exit-interfaceI network-address: %estination network a&&ress o" the remote network subnet-mask: S# net mask o" the remote network <ne or oth o" the "o!!owing parameters m#st a!so e #se&? ip-address: Ne4t*hop ro#terDs -= a&&ress. 8%oes not ha,e to e ne4t*hop.9 exit-interface: <#tgoing or e4it inter"ace

2.4.2

5ist the o#tp#t an& e4p!ain each e!ement "rom entering the static ro#te. 5ist the o#tp#t an& e4p!ain each e!ement "rom entering the show ip ro#te comman&.

2.4.2.2

2.4.2.(

2.4.4.1

S: ro#ting ta !e co&e "or static ro#te 1;2.1+.1.0? network a&&ress "or the ro#te /24? s# net mask "or this ro#teJ this is &isp!aye& in the !ine a o,e its known as the parent ro#te [1/0 : a&ministrati,e &istance K metric "or the static ro#te !ia 1"2#1$#2#2? -= a&&ress o" the ne4t hop ro#ter0 -= a&&ress o" R2Ds Seria! 0/0/0 inter"ace What are the 2 comman&s to Show ip ro#te ,eri"y static ro#tes$ Show r#nning*con"ig What is recommen&e& to &o Now is a goo& time to sa,e the con"ig#ration to a"ter entering an& ,eri"ying the NVR.M with the cop% running&con'ig startup& static ro#tes$ con'ig comman&. What &oes princip!e 1 &e"ine ()er% router makes its decision alone* based a o#t where a ro#ter !ooks to on the in'ormation it has in its own routing "orwar& packets$ table What &oes princip!e 2 &e"ine +he 'act that one router has certain a o#t what other ro#ters in'ormation in its routing table does not ro#ting ta !es contain$ mean that other routers ha)e the same in'ormation# What &oes princip!e ( state Routing in'ormation about a path 'rom one a o#t the ret#rn ro#te o" a network to another does not pro)ide routing packet$ in'ormation about the re)erse* or return* path )e"ore a ro#ter "orwar&s a )e"ore any packet is "orwar&e& y a ro#ter0 the packet0 what m#st e ro#ting ta !e process m#st &etermine the e4it &etermine&$ inter"ace to #se to "orwar& the packet. This is known as ro#te reso!,a i!ity. 5ist the two steps that the 'in& a ro#te. ro#ter #ses to "orwar& a packet. 'in& an e4it inter"ace When the ro#ter has to per"orm it is per"orming a process known as a rec#rsi,e m#!tip!e !ook#ps in the ro#ting !ook#p. ta !e e"ore "orwar&ing a

2.4.4.2

packet0 what is the process ca!!e&$ Low can a static ro#te e entere& to stop the rec#rsi,e !ook#p process$ What happens to the static ro#te i" the e4it inter"ace goes &own$

static ro#tes can e con"ig#re& with an e4it inter"ace static ro#tes were &e!ete& when the Seria! 0/0/0 inter"ace was sh#t &own. the static ro#tes are sti!! in the R1>s r#nning con"ig#ration. -" inter"ace comes ack #p 8ena !e& with no sh#t&own90 the -<S ro#ting ta !e process wi!! reinsta!! static ro#tes ack into ro#ting ta !e. To &e!ete a static ro#te0 a&& no in "ront o" the ip ro#te comman&0 "o!!owe& y the rest o" the static ro#te to e remo,e&. no ip ro#te 112.1+A.2.0 222.222.222.0 1;2.1+.2.2 R18con"ig9:ip ro#te 112.1+A.2.0 222.222.222.0 seria! 0/0/0 The &estination network no !onger e4ists0 an& there"ore the static ro#te sho#!& e &e!ete&. There is a change in the topo!ogy0 an& either the interme&iate a&&ress or the e4it inter"ace has to e change&. There is no way to mo&i"y an e4isting static ro#te. The static ro#te m#st e &e!ete& an& a new one con"ig#re&. -t is more e""icient "or the ro#ting ta !e !ook#p process to ha,e static ro#tes with e4it inter"aces * at !east "or seria! point*to*point o#t o#n& networks R18con"ig9:ip ro#te 112.1+A.2.0 222.222.222.0 seria! 0/0/0 Show r#nning*con"ig show ip ro#te ping -" the packet sho#!& e sent to a ne4t*hop ro#ter0 the &estination M.C a&&ress wi!! e the a&&ress o" the ne4t*hop ro#ter>s Ethernet inter"ace -" this entry is not in the .R= ta !e0 R1 sen&s an .R= re7#est ,ia its 'astEthernet 0/1 inter"ace. The &i""erence etween an Ethernet network an& a point*to*point seria! network is that a point*to* point network has on!y one other &e,ice on that network * the ro#ter at the other en& o" the !ink. With Ethernet networks0 there may e many &i""erent &e,ices sharing the same m#!ti*access

2.2.1.2

What is the comman& to remo,e the static ro#te with the ne4t hop ip a&&ress$ What is the comman& to enter a static ro#te #sing an e4it inter"ace$ What are the reasons to mo&i"y a static ro#te$

2.2.2

Can a static ro#te e &irect!y mo&i"ie&$ E4p!ain yo#r answer What is the most e""icient way to enter a static ro#te$

2.2.( 2.2.4

2.2.4.2

What are the three comman&s !iste& to ,eri"y static ro#te con"ig#ration$ What is the &estination M.C a&&ress i" the packet is to e "orwar&e& to the ne4t hop ro#ter$ -" the ip a&&ress &oes e4ist in the .R= ta !e what type o" re7#est is iss#e&$ What is the &i""erence etween entering an e4it inter"ace "or a static ro#te on a seria! inter"ace an& an Ethernet inter"ace$

2.+.1

Wi!! a static ro#te with an e4it inter"ace on a Ethernet inter"ace a!ways work$ What is the comman& to con"ig#re oth the e4it inter"ace an& ip a&&ress "or a static ro#te$ Why &oes making a ro#ting ta !e sma!!er impro,e the e""iciency o" the ro#ter$ What are the 2 r#!es on when a static ro#te can e s#mmariMe&$ What are the si4 steps in creating a s#mmary ro#te$

network0 inc!#&ing hosts an& e,en m#!tip!e ro#ters %epen&ing #pon the topo!ogy an& the con"ig#rations on other ro#ters0 this static ro#te may or may not work R18con"ig9:ip ro#te 112.1+A.2.0 222.222.222.0 "astethernet 0/1 1;2.1+.2.2 Creating sma!!er ro#ting ta !es makes the ro#ting ta !e !ook#p process more e""icient0 eca#se there are "ewer ro#tes to search The &estination networks can e s#mmariMe& into a sing!e network a&&ress0 an& The m#!tip!e static ro#tes a!! #se the same e4it* inter"ace or ne4t*hop -= a&&ress 1. Write o#t the networks that yo# want to s#mmariMe in inary. 2. To "in& the s# net mask "or s#mmariMation0 start with the !e"t*most it. (. Work yo#r way to the right0 "in&ing a!! the its that match consec#ti,e!y. 4. When yo# "in& a co!#mn o" its that &o not match0 stop. Co# are at the s#mmary o#n&ary. 2. Now0 co#nt the n#m er o" !e"t*most matching its0 which in o#r e4amp!e is 22. This n#m er ecomes yo#r s# net mask "or the s#mmariMe& ro#te0 /22 or 222.222.222.0 +. To "in& the network a&&ress "or s#mmariMation0 copy the matching 22 its an& a&& a!! 0 its to the en& to make (2 its. R(8con"ig9:ip ro#te 1;2.1+.0.0 222.222.222.0 seria!0/0/1 The ro#ting ta !e !ook#p process wi!! #se the most*speci"ic match . &e"a#!t static ro#te is a ro#te that wi!! match a!! packets. When no other ro#tes in the ro#ting ta !e match the packet>s &estination -= a&&ress. -n other wor&s0 when a more speci"ic match &oes not e4ist. . common #se is when connecting a company>s e&ge ro#ter to the -S= network. When a ro#ter has on!y one other ro#ter to which it is connecte&. This con&ition is known as a st# ro#ter. Ro#ter8con"ig9:ip ro#te 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Ge4it* inter"ace F ip*a&&ress H The 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 network a&&ress an& mask is ca!!e& a @7#a&*Mero@ ro#te.

2.+.2

-" two ro#tes in the ro#ting ta !e match the packet0 which ro#te wi!! the ro#ter choose$ What is a &e"a#!t static ro#te$ What are the 2 times a &e"a#!t static ro#te is #se&$

5ist the comp!ete comman& to enter a &e"a#!t static ro#te. What is the ip a&&ress an& s# net mask "or 7#a&*Mero$

2.+.2.2

What &oes the N mean ne4t to the S in the ro#ting ta !e$ What is tr#e a o#t a &e"a#!t static ro#te an& matching packets$ %e"inite!y #n&erstan& each step in the process e4p!aine&. -" any o" the steps are con"#sing0 !ist yo#r 7#estions here

the N or asterisk ne4t to the S0 the asterisk in&icates that this static ro#te is a can&i&ate &e"a#!t ro#te. That is why itDs ca!!e& a @&e"a#!t static@ ro#te .s !ong as a more speci"ic match &oesn>t e4ist0 the &e"a#!t static ro#te wi!! match a!! packet 1. The packet arri,es on the 'astEthernet 0/0 inter"ace o" R1. 2. R1 &oes not ha,e a speci"ic ro#te to the &estination network0 112.1+A.2.0/24J there"ore0 R1 #ses the &e"a#!t static ro#te. (. R1 encaps#!ates the packet in a new "rame. )eca#se the !ink to R2 is a point*to*point !ink0 R1 a&&s an @a!! 1s@ a&&ress "or the 5ayer 2 &estination a&&ress. 4. The "rame is "orwar&e& o#t the seria! 0/0/0 inter"ace. The packet arri,es on the Seria! 0/0/0 inter"ace on R2. 2. R2 &ecaps#!ates the "rame an& !ooks "or a ro#te to the &estination. R2 has a static ro#te to 112.1+A.2.0/24 o#t Seria!0/0/1. +. R2 encaps#!ates the packet in a new "rame. )eca#se the !ink to R( is a point*to*point !ink0 R2 a&&s an @a!! 1s@ a&&ress "or the 5ayer 2 &estination a&&ress. ;. The "rame is "orwar&e& o#t the Seria!0/0/1 inter"ace. The packet arri,es on the Seria!0/0/1 inter"ace on R(. A. R( &ecaps#!ates the "rame an& !ooks "or a ro#te to the &estination. R( has a connecte& ro#te to 112.1+A.2.0/24 o#t 'astEthernet 0/1. 1. R( !ooks #p the .R= ta !e entry "or 112.1+A.2.10 to "in& the 5ayer 2 M.C a&&ress "or =C(. a. -" no entry e4ists0 R( sen&s an .R= re7#est o#t 'astEthernet 0/0. . =C( respon&s with an .R= rep!y which inc!#&es the =C( M.C a&&ress. 10. R( encaps#!ates the packet in a new "rame with the M.C a&&ress o" inter"ace 'astEthernet 0/0 as the so#rce 5ayer 2 a&&ress an& the M.C a&&ress o" =C( as the &estination M.C a&&ress. 11. The "rame is "orwar&e& o#t the 'astEthernet 0/0 inter"ace. The packet arri,es on the N-C inter"ace o" =C(. .n inter"ace "ai!s. . ser,ice pro,i&er &rops a connection. There is an o,er*sat#ration o" !inks. .n a&ministrator enters a wrong con"ig#ration

2.;.1

2.;.2

What are some "orces that can ca#se a networks stat#s to change$

What are some o" the comman&s yo# can #se& to tro# !eshoot a network$

=ing0 tracero#te0 show ip ro#te0 show ip inter"ace rie"0 show c&p neigh ors &etai!