PROGRAM PENSISWAZAHAN GURU EDU 3015 TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 2

PRACTICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Using a DSLR camera in manual mode, produce 5 images by applying various techniques a nd compositions. State the techniques, aperture value and shutter speed used.

PHOTO TECHNIQUES 1. Depth of field Depth of field is a characteristic of a camera that can be used to enhance the image co mposition of the photo. Depth of field means the sharp area surrounding the point of foc us. The magnitude of the sharp area is affected by several factors: distance between the camera and the subject, focal length and aperture.

The closer the subject to the camera, the more shallow the depth of field. The longer the focal length, the more shallow the depth of field. The larger the aperture (smaller the F-number), the more shallow the depth of field.

It is important to understand how to affect the depth of field in order to utilize it in image composition. For example, the subject of the photo can be emphasized by isolating it fro m its surroundings by using a shallow depth of field. Shallow depth of field is usually use d in portraits and large depth of field is usually used in landscape photos. Shallow Depth of Field The subject in a picture will be isolated from its chaotic surroundings by using shallow de pth of field. By using shallow depth of field the distracting background is blurred and only the subject appears sharp. Viewers eyes concentrate first on the sharp areas of the pho to and so the subject gets all the

Large Depth of Field Usually it is good for landscape photos if all parts of the image appear sharp. There is usually no need to isolate elements by utilizing the depth of field in the landscape phot os. All around sharp photo can be achieved by using large depth of field. In order to ge t large depth of field you should use rather small aperture. This also means that you m ust decrease the shutter speed. Therefore it's often necessary to use tripod when takin g landscape photos.

2.

Panning Panning is a term in photography that simply means to move the camera. Most frequentl y the camera is moved by pivoting horizontally to match the speed of a moving subject. Panning is most often used in order to capture a feel of motion while keeping a moving s ubject in sharp focus. However, the camera can be moved vertically or in a linear motion rather than pivoting on a central point. Each type of movement will produce different ph otographic effects. Knowing the different options will help you add variety to your images easily. Horizontal panning on a pivot point is the most common panning technique. To pan hori zontally on a pivot point is also the simplest of panning techniques. Using a tripod with p anning capability (most tripods have the ability), the camera is turned as a subject passe s the photographer. By tripping the shutter as the subject is directly perpendicular to the camera the subject is kept in sharp focus across a flat visual plane. If the shutter is tripp ed while the subject is at an angle, distortion can occur. This subject distortion in not alw ays a bad thing and you should take the time to experiment with different angles to see what works best or your preferred aesthetic.

Vertical panning is the same process as horizontal panning except that the camera pivo ts up and down. Most tripods will have the ability to allow this motion. However, because vertical motion usually occurs over a much smaller area than horizontal motion, vertical panning can require a much more precise movement. Because vertical motion often sto ps quickly (there is only so far an object can fall) the photographer does not have much t ime to focus, pan, and release the shutter. With objects moving upwards (such as a rock et launch) the subject will quickly move out of range of the camera and distortion will be 2

too great for a viable photograph. 3. Shutter Speed Slow Shutter Speed Shutter speed is considered to be "long" or "slow" when it is slower than 1/60th of a sec ond. (Remember, this is marked as 60 on your camera dial or display.) This numbers co mes from the fact that most people can only hold a standard lens (between 35mm and 7 0mm) steady for 1/60th of a second or less. This is different from the commonly used ter m "long exposure" which usually refers to shutter speeds of over 1 second. Fast Shutter Speed Fast shutter speeds are generally considered to be those shutter speeds faster than 1/5 00th of a second. These shutter speeds are used to freeze, or stop, motion for a clear i mage when shooting fast subjects.

COMPOSITION 1. Rule of Thirds The rule of thirds is one of the most basic composition guidelines in photography. The rule of thirds makes use of a natural tendency of the human eye to be more strongly drawn toward s certain parts of an image.

What is the Rule of Thirds? The rule of thirds is an imaginary tic-tac-toe board drawn across an image to break it into nin e equal squares. The four points where these lines intersect are strongest focal points. The li nes themselves are the second strongest focal points.

How Do I Use It? To use the rule of thirds you need to imagine the grid on all of your images as you compose t hem in the viewfinder. If you have an autofocus camera You can use the autofocus points as references to help you imaging the grid. If you use an LCD screen to compose your images you can make a rule of thirds grid out of a clear sheet of window cling material. Another optio n is to draw the grid on your viewfinder (not lens) although this may not be easily removed a nd should be avoided if at all possible. With a little practice you will be able to effectively ima gine the grid placement as you shoot. 2. Balance Balance is a compositional technique in photography. It is achieved: a) when different parts of a photograph command your attention equally through the interpla y of light and dark areas or subjects b) by inferring geometric symmetry The technique is not best learned by reading text about it, and these are only 3 examples ex pressed in general terms. It would be better to Google "photographic balance" or similar key words and look at pictures offered to explain it. You may not see balance in every photo exa mple offered, which may be more a case of a weak example than your ability to always gras p the concept. 4

3. Leading line Leading lines direct the eye to some point on the picture. As the eye sight follows diagonal li nes in the composition, they tend to pull the viewer in or out of the picture, while vertical and horizontal lines tend to be more static, but could lead the eye toward something they termina te at. Leading lines can also be implied or sight lines. Whichever way a subject is facing or m oving that can create a sight line as well as that could become a leading line in the same dire ction. Roads and rivers often act as strong leading lines in a picture, as well as a row of som ething that moves off with perspective. 4. Symmetry Symmetry is when you repeat something from one side to another. 5. Depth Depth is how much something is in focus. Say you have your camera focused on a person a nd their image is perfectly clear but the background behind them is blurry. That's depth, whe n something is in complete focus. 6. Framing Framing means to frame the center of interest with an object in the foreground. 7. Perspective Perspective is the way you look at things in the camera's frame. It's the way the photo looks at a certain angle.