IESO 2011

(THEORY)

ASTRONOMY
(THEORY)

ASTRONOMY written test IESO 2011 Name__________________ Country ___________________________ 1. Imagine that a new planet, named Pippo, is discovered beyond Pluto. Its revolution period is 320 years. What would be its average distance from the un in !stronomical "nits #!"$, assuming circular orbit% _/1 pt. a. 23.& !" b. 30.' !" c. &(.) !" d. *3.( !" 2. ! person weights '0 +g on ,arth, if he goes to the surface of the -oon and .upiter, he weights/ _/1 pt. a. more on the -oon and .upiter than on ,arth b. more on .upiter and less on the -oon than on ,arth c. more on the -oon and less on .upiter than on ,arth d. less on the -oon and .upiter than on ,arth 3. 0iven your passion for !stronomy, your friends have given you a sidereal watch as a present for your birthday. !t 10 a.m. you ad1ust it with the time of your cloc+. 2ollowing the time given by the sidereal watch, when arriving at the railway station ne3t day to catch the ).00 a.m. train, you find that the train is not there. What do you do% _/1. pt. a. b. c. d. I wait for the train because it will be there in few minutes I go home because the train has already left few minutes before my arrival I wait for the train because it will be there in some hours I guess the train has been cancelled today.

&. In a science fiction movie, the main character decides to loo+ for his friends4 spaceship, lost on -ars surface, using an optical telescope placed on the ,arth. 5he resolution of the telescope is 1 arcsec and -ars is at a distance of (0 million +m. What is the minimum si6e of the spacecraft to allow him to see it% _/1! pt. a. 2.*0 m b. 2*0.* +m c. 2*0.* m d. 2.*0 +m 7. 8oo+ing at the given stellar map, can you estimate the position of the un as seen from irius, using the same map% _/ 2 pt. a. yes, the un is diametrically opposed to irius in the constellation of 9ercules b. no, the un is not visible from irius 1

c. yes, the un is diametrically opposed to irius in the constellation of "rsa -inor d. yes, the un is diametrically opposed to irius in the constellation of the :ctans (. !ssume the diameter of the -oon to be 20; smaller than the reality, what should the average distance between the ,arth and the -oon be, in order to still have total solar eclipses on the ,arth% _/1. pt. a. 20; bigger than the reality b. )0; smaller than the reality c. 20; smaller than the reality d. )0; bigger than the reality '. 5he following illustration shows the 9ert6sprung<=ussell #9>=$ diagram for an evolutionary trac+ of our un. 5he un currently locates at position !, but it will to move to position ? after 7 billion years. #!ssume the un is a blac+body and its current radius is '3107+m. 1!"@1.7310)+m.$

#i$ When the un evolves to ?, what is its radius% Aalculate it by using the information of the diagram. _/1. pt. a$ 100 times larger b$ 7'.) times larger c$ 12(.& times larger d$ 17'.3 times larger #ii$ Write your process of calculation. _/1. pt. ). 5he synodic period of a certain asteroid is )B' years. !ssume the ,arth revolution speed is 30 +mBs. !nswer with the rounded>off figure below decimal point. In the assumption of circular orbit, find/ #i$ the period of the revolution of the asteroid #year$ _/1 pt. #ii$ the radius of the revolution orbit #!"$ _/1 pt. 2

#iii$ the speed of the asteroid #+mBs$ _/1 pt. TOTA" SCORE# 1$.

ATMOSPHERE
(THEORY)

ATMOSPHERE written test IESO 2011 Name__________________________ Country ________________________ 1) The diagram bellow showed the average structures of the atmosphere based on its properties i.e. temperature, molekular bond and electrical. Match the letter in the boxes with right option from the list given bellow. 1. Homosphere 2. Heterosphere 3. onosphere !. "xosphere #. Troposphere $. %tratosphere &. Thermosphere '. Mesosphere . _/2 0!2" # $)

2) (onsider the following figure where are reported the surface energ) balance terms for different surface and da)*night conditions. _/% &t' +, - net radiation ." - latent heat flux H - sensible heat flux / - soil heat flux

(hoose the correct surface description for each case0 11 a1 b1 c1 d1 21 a1 b1 c1 d1 moist surface2da) moist surface2night dr) surface2da) dr) surface2night moist surface2da) moist surface2night dr) surface2da) dr) surface 3night

31 a1 b1 c1 d1

moist surface2da) moist surface2night dr) surface 3night dr) surface2da)

%) 4hich two gases are responsible for the absorption of ver) shortwave 5e.g., ultraviolet1 incoming solar radiation6 _/1 0!" # 2) 11 molecular ox)gen 21 o7one 31 carbon dioxide !1 water vapour #1 nitrogen () 8oin with lines the surface t)pes with the corresponding surface albedo _/1' 0'2" # () 9resh snow %oil 4ater (rops :21: ; 2223# ; ':2<:; 1'223 ;

") The following images represent different kinds of clouds.

8oin with lines the images 5from = to >1 with the cloud t)pe classification0 _/1 &t' 0!2" # () = A ( > %T?=T@% (@M@.@% (@M@.BC MA@% ( ??@%

)) 4hat is the frictional effect on the geostrophic wind6 _/1 &t' =1 n the northern hemisphere the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of high pressure A1 n both hemispheres the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of low pressure
C) n the southern hemisphere the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of

high pressure >1 n both hemispheres the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of high pressure

*) =n aircraft departs from = 5airfield elevation 1&::ft1 with +9" <$: hDa set. The altimeter is not reset. 4hen landing at A 5airfield elevation 2&::ft1, the +CH is 1::# hDa. 4hat will the altimeter read6 _/% &t =ssume that 1hDa is eEuivalent to 2&ft and remember that +CH - atmospheric pressure at sea level and +9" - atmospheric pressure at field elevation =1 1&:: ft A1 1::: ft
C) 1!'# ft

>1 2&:: ft $) 4ith a classical warm front there are0 _/1 &t' =1 high cloud with no precipitation A1 cumulus and cumulonimbus (1 no significant cloud >1 high cloud, middle cloud, mostl) stratiform cloud, and light*moderate rainfall +) =ccording to the three cell general circulation model, in which direction do winds blow in the upper troposphere in the tropics in the northern hemisphere6 _/1 &t' =1 9rom %4 A1 9rom % (1 9rom 4 >1 9rom %" 10) The increasing of the "arthFs rotation velocit) could most likel) lead to _/1 &t' =1 decreasing number of circulation cells A1 increasing number of circulation cells (1 no change in the number of circulation cells 11) /raph 1 describes data of atmospheric (B2 concentration measurements from Mauna .oa, Hawaii. 4hich of the following "arth s)stems and processes are responsible for the increase in (B2 concentration in the atmosphere during the period described in the graph6 _/1 &t'

a. (B2 from the geosphere to the atmosphere b) volcanic activit). b. (B2 from the geosphere to the h)drosphere and the atmosphere b) erosion. c. (B2 from the biosphere to the atmosphere and h)drosphere b) respiration. d. (B2 from the h)drosphere to the atmosphere b) diffusion. e. (B2 from the geosphere and the biosphere to the atmosphere b) anthropogenic

activit).
f. (B2 from the geosphere and the h)drosphere to the atmosphere as a result of global

warming.

,ra&- 1.

9rom0 "arth s)stem research laborator) 5http0**www.esrl.noaa.gov1 12) /raph 2 describes the annual changes of atmospheric (B2 concentration. The data shown indicates a minimal concentration in Bctober and maximal in 8une. The reason for that change is0 _/1 &t' ncreased (B2 flux from the geosphere to the atmosphere as a result of change in fossil fuel consumption between summer and winter. b. (B2 flux between the atmosphere and the h)drosphere as a result of temperature differences.
a. c. (B2 flux between the atmosphere and the h)drosphere as a result of wind speed and

direction.

d. (B2 flux between the atmosphere and the biosphere as a result of changes in

photos)nthesis activit).
e. (B2 flux between the atmosphere and the biosphere as a result of forest fires. f. (hanges in (B2 flux between the geosphere and the atmosphere as a result of changes in

sedimentation rates.

,ra&- 2.

s)stem research laborator) 5http0**www.esrl.noaa.gov1

MONTH

9rom0 "arth

1%) Man) scientists conclude that the increase in atmospheric (B2 concentration is a maGor factor in global warming. The results of continous monitoring of atmospheric (B2 concentration indicates that some (B2 from the atmosphere is absorbd b) the oceans. 4hat would happen if (B2 in the atmosphere increases6 5Mark all correct answers1 _/% &t' 0!%0 # 10) Hy/ros&-ere. a. The pH of ocean water will become higher * lower b. The temperature of ocean water will increase * decrease c. The amount of sea2ice in the =rctic will increase * decrease d. Bcean capacit) to absorb (B2 will increase * decrease 0ios&-ere e. The amount of organisms with carbonate skeleton will increase * decrease f. The distribution of marine organisms will change as result of the changes in water temperature. True * false. g. The change in water pH will expand * reduce coral reefs ,eos&-ere

h. The changes in ocean temperature will affect volcanic activit) in ocean ridges. . True * false. i. The changes in ocean water pH will increase * decrease the rate of (a(B3 sedimentation in the continental shelf. G. The changes in ocean water pH will increase * decrease the rate of (a(B3 sedimentation below the (alcium (arbonate (ompensation >epth 5((>1. True*false TOT' PT' 1 20

HYDROSPHERE
(THEORY)

HYDROSPHERE written test IESO 2011 Name______________________ Country________________________ 1. Tides in t e Eart system.

The Figure illustrates two (labelled A and B) different configurations of the Earth-moon-sun system. Which of the three statements below is correct? _!1 "t a. onfiguration A re!resents a s!ring tide" while configuration B re!resents a nea! tide b. The two configurations re!resent a s!ring tide c. onfiguration B re!resents a s!ring tide" while configuration A re!resents a nea! tide d. The two configurations re!resent a nea! tide

2. Water Masses in the Atlantic Ocean

i) Match the corresponding water masses listed below by letter (a-e) to the correct
location in the map. Each water mass category applies only to a single color (grey excluded since it indicates the bottom topography) _/1 pt (0.20x5)

a. b. c. d. e.

North Atlantic Deep ater (NAD ) Antartic !ntermediate ater (AA! ) Mediterranean ater (Med ) "ur#ace ater (" ) Antartic $ottom ater (AA$ ) below. !ndicate in the two circles in the #igure which is "tation A and which is "tation $. _/0.5 pt #tation A B Tem!erature ( ) -$ ( #alinity %&.' %).&

ii) %ceanographers were able to collect two water samples as reported in the table

&

#. C$imate %eed&a'(s in t e Eart system

1. *ut the correct arrow heads to com!lete the albedo feedbac+ loo! s+etched in the figure abo,e
_!0)*"t.

&. The feedbac+ is _!0)* "t.

a. b. c. d. Always !ositi,e Always negati,e -eutral #ome times !ositi,e and some times negati,e

'

+. T e ,$o&a$ 'ar&on 'y'$e.

This is a schematic !icture of the global carbon cycle with some estimates of the ma.or carbon ( ) reser,oirs and flu/es from 0* ($112).

1. What are the units of the ,alues on the gra!h? ( is the symbol for carbon) _!1 "t. a. +g
b. c. d. e. f. m-% *g mol 3t answers b. and d. are true answers b. and c. are true

&. 0ndicate the estimated direction(s) of the flu/ by circling the correct arrow head. _!1)* "t. -0)2* . /0 '. 4abel the flu/es in the four blan+ bo/es by writing the corres!onding letter from the list below5
_!1 "t. -0)2* . +0 a. b. c. d. e. f. ocean !um! terrestrial net !roduction anthro!ogenic emissions soil res!iration land-use change weathering

(. The !resent atmos!here contains about 211 1

in the form of 6$. Estimated fossil fuel reser,es contain at least &$11 1 " mostly in the form of coal. At !resent" about half the 6 $ !roduced by the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmos!here. 0f this ratio remained constant and we burned u! all of our fossil fuels instantaneously" by how much would atmos!heric 6 $ rise in the longer term? (E/!ress the answer in terms of the new 6 $ stoc+ di,ided by the current one) _!1.* "t.

2uestion * The gra!h re!resents the mean daily discharges" e/!ressed in m %7s" of a s!ring in the entral A!ennines registered between 8arch $9 and A!ril :2. The table shows the data used to build the gra!h. om!ute in the most accurate way the water ,olume coming from the s!ring between A!ril :$ and A!ril :2. _!2 "t.
1"$$ 1"$1 1":( 1":' flow (m%7s) 1":& 1":$ 1":1 1"1( 1"1' 1"1& 1"1$ 1"11 1:-1& 1)-1& 19-1& $9-1% %1-1% %:-1% 1$-1& 1%-1& 1&-1& 1'-1& 12-1& 1(-1& :1-1& ::-1& :$-1& :%-1& :&-1& :)-1& :'-1& :2-1&

date (day)

a) '*+,, m' b) (-+,, m' c) ,.) m' d) ,.. m'

;ate dd-mm ;ischarge (m%7s) $9-1% 1.:11 %1-1% 1.:%) %:-1% 1.:(1 1:-1& 1.$1) 1$-1& 1.:(1 1%-1& 1.:21 1&-1& 1.:'$ 1)-1& 1.:)2 1'-1& 1.:&) 12-1& 1.:%1 1(-1& 1.:$( 19-1& 1.:%9 :1-1& 1.:$1 ::-1& 1.::) :$-1& 1.::$ :%-1& 1.:11 :&-1& 1.19) :)-1& 1.191 :'-1& 1.1(' :2-1& 1.1(:

GEOSPHERE
(THEORY)

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

GEOSPHERE written test IESO 2011 Name__________________________ Country ________________________

1. Based on Ruddiman (2001), the glo al temperature !lu"tuation "an e distinguished into !our di!!erent time s"ales due to di!!erent me"hanisms# $se the !ollowing !igures pro%ided# &hi"h !igure est shows the !lu"tuation o! temperature in 'ntar"ti"a i"e "ore re"ords during more than one intergla"ial phase#( _/1 pt (') )ig# A ( ! "i#$ (*) )ig# * (+) )ig# + 2. Sea!loor drilling and seismi" anal,sis re%eal a thi"- la,er o! salt at a "ertain depth in a %er, large part o! the .editerranean Sea# &hat "an ,ou "on"lude !rom these o ser%ations( _/0$% pt

a) The .editerranean Sea has an important e"onomi" %alue that has not een e/ploited ,et# &! '(ere was a perio) w(en t(e *e)iterranean Sea a+most )rie) out$ ") The .editerranean Sea is %er, ,oung# d) The .editerranean Sea is a reli" o! the Teth,s Sea# 3. In the !ield, ,ou !ound an out"rop with three hori0ontal unde!ormed la,ers, one a o%e the other# The lower unit is a la,er o! +olomite, the middle la,er is asalt, and the upper la,er is 1imestone # &hi"h o! the !ollowing o ser%ations would lead ,ou to the "on"lusion that the asalt is a la%a !low( _/1 pt a) There are 2 a-ing signs3 onl, in the lower part o! the limestone la,er# ) There are 2 a-ing signs3 in the lower part o! the dolomite la,er# ,! '(ere are -&a.in# si#ns/ on+y in t(e upper part o0 t(e )o+omite +ayer$ d) 'll o! the a o%e# 4. To whi"h ","le o! matter is 1imestone "onne"ted( _/01% pt

a) 4hosphorus ","le ) Car&on ,y,+e ") Sul!ur ","le d) 5itrogen ","le 5. The reason that the magneti" anomal, stripes o! the same age are wider in the 4a"i!i" o"ean than the 'tlanti" O"ean is6 _/01% pt a! '(e rate o0 ma#mati, intrusions at t(e East Pa,i0i, Rise is 0aster t(an t(e rate o0 t(is pro,ess at t(e *i)2At+anti, Ri)#e$ &! The .id7'tlanti" Ridge is lo"ated e/a"tl, in the middle o! the o"ean and there!ore the rate o! the opening o! the ridge is e8ual on oth sides# ,! The 4a"i!i" O"ean is older than the 'tlanti" O"ean# )! The ring o! !ire around the 4a"i!i" O"ean redu"es the rate o! re%ersals o! the Earth9s magneti" !ield# 6. +uring the last three illion ,ears the main internal energ, sour"e o! the Earth has een6 _/01% pt a) The pressure o! "olumns o! ro"- and o"ean# ) The !ri"tion that o""urs at the plate oundaries#

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

") Ra)ioa,ti3e )e,ay o0 isotopes$ d) The radiation o! the sun# 7. In the Botta""ione Gorge, near Gu io (Ital,), there is an out"rop o! interest# It "ontains a thin "la, la,er with signi!i"ant geo"hemi"al anomalies su"h as high iridium "on"entrations# It is dated to an numeri"al age o! :;#; .a# &hi"h "hronostratigraphi" oundar, "orresponds to this la,er( _/1 pt$ a! Creta,eous/'ertiary &! 1ower *reta"eous<$pper*reta"eous ,! 4aleo"ene<Eo"ene )! *am rian<4re7*am rian 8. $se the two graphi"s elow# On the le!t is a geologi" map o! a region where north is to the top o! the map# On the right is a topographi" se"tion along line a to # *ontours are in meters# ' stru"ture is shown in gre,#

&hi"h o! the !ollowing is the true stri-e, dip and thi"-ness o! gre, strata !rom the map( 4lease note that there are two methods used to show stri-e6 8uadrant method designated , (>) and a0imuth or magneti" earing method designated , (')# The "hart shows them oth as > and '# 2 pt $ choice Strike Dip Thickne (degrees ss (m.) ) 45 70 to 75

Q N-S A 180 degrees Q S 60 degrees E A 120 degrees Q E-W A 90 degrees Q N-S A 180 degrees

45

90 to 100

30

70 to 75

30

90 to 100

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

9. &hi"h one o! the !ollowing minerals is used as a gem in @ewelr,, is used as an industrial a rasi%e, is a sili"ate, and has an isometri" mineral s,mmetr,# *ir"le the est
answer a o%e#_/01% pt$

a# !# -# p#

8uart0 ortho"lase asalt shale

# iotite g# "al"ite l# ga ro 8# mar le

"# h# m# r#

Aorn lende halite andesite slate

d# rutile i# er,l n# granite s# "hal-

e# @# o# t#

garnet diamond rh,olite "hert

10. The !ollowing stratigraphi" se"tions show two "ross se"tions whi"h are lo"ated near ea"h other# S,m ols a and a9 represent an igneous ro"- and to e represent sedimentar, ro"-s# 'nswer the !ollowing 8uestion# _/01% pt

&hi"h ro"- is older, a or a9( BBBBBBB 11. The pre"ipitation o! whi"h o! the !ollowing minerals is regulated , the "on"entration o! *O2 in the solution( _/01% pt$

a) haliteC

) g,psumC

") apatiteC

)! ,a+,ite4

e) opalC

!) ar,tes#

12. The !ollowing ta le shows e/planation o! ro"-s and their !ormation en%ironment# *hoose the one that has the "orre"t relationship etween !ormation en%ironment and ro"t,pe# _/1 pt Ro"name 1 1imeston e 2 Granite = 5 ; Basalt San)st one Gneiss .a"ros"opi" o ser%ation Sand si0e grains, spheri"al to ellipti"al grain shape, edded )ine grained, !oliated, o""urren"e o! light and dargrains together *oarse to %er, "oarse grained, dar- "olor, o""urren"e o! %esi"les *e)ium #raine)1 para++e+ +aminae or ,ross &e))e) 'lternating dar- and light ands, !oliated, "oarse grained )ormation en%ironment In the "rust se%eral -m elow the sur!a"e In the "rust where magma "ools slowl, .id7o"eani" ridge Ri3er or &ea,( *onta"t 0one etween magma and surrounding ro"-s near sur!a"e *orre"t answer6 BBBBBBBBB 13. The !ollowing pi"ture shows an out"rop o! 4aleo0oi" age deposited in the o"ean# The strata largel, "onsist o! sand and shale la,ers# 'nswer the 8uestions# _/11% pt (01% 6 7! (1) &hi"h la,er is sandstone and shale respe"ti%el, in ' and B( Shale6 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSandstone6 BBBBBBBBBBB (2) &hat is the depositional pro"ess o! la,er ' and B( BBBBBB is deposited , settling !rom suspension whereas BBBBBB is deposited , tur idit, "urrent# (=) *an ,ou e/pe"t to !ind trilo ite !ossil !rom this out"rop( Des<no 'nswers6BBBBB

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

14. The !igure elow is the stratigraphi" se"tion and paleomagneti" in"lination in some area assuming the ro"-s were deposited !rom 1F0 million ,ears to the present without de!ormation# The paleomagneti" in"lination o! ro"- in ea"h la,er is shown within a "ir"le# The arrows indi"ate the dire"tion o! paleo7magneti0ation at the time o! ro"- !ormation#

*al"ulate the a%erage (south to north) %elo"it, o! the "ontinent as it mo%ed !rom position B to position E# Aere, we assume that the latitude di!!eren"e o! one degree (1G) is e8ual to 110 -m, and we suppose that paleomagneti" in"lination is e8ual to twi"e the paleo7 latitude# _/1 pt ') 2#= "m<,r B) ?#? "m<,r *) F#F "m<,r +) H#E "m<,r

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

15. The !igure elow shows the soil te/ture o! samples !rom !i%e !arms (AIE)# The soil o! whi"h !arm has the highest permea ilit,( _/1 pt$ (') )arm A (B) )arm (*) )arm C (+) )arm 8 (E) )arm E

16. &hi"h t,pe o! !ault is shown in the geologi"al map elow( _/01% pt$ a$ norma+ # in%erse "# %erti"al d# o tuse

10

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

17a. E/amine the map a o%e# &hi"h o! the "hoi"es est des"ri es the t,pe o! te"toni" stru"tures shown# _/1 pt$ a! two anti,+ines wit( an inter3enin# syn,+ine ) two s,n"lines with an inter%ening anti"line ") a salt dome d) !lat stratigraph, 17b. Re"onstru"t the stratigraph, o! the region shown a o%e "hoosing among the !ollowing stratigraphi" "olumns# _/01% pt$

11

12

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

18. Tra"e !ossils are the remnants o! the a"ti%ities o! an"ient animals# '""ording to the patterns o! tra"e !ossils, geologists "an in!er the su strate "ondition, sedimentation rate, water !low energ,, and paleoen%ironment# )igure H is a tra"e !ossil !ound in sandstone showing how an organism utili0ed the limited resour"e with high e!!i"ien",# &hat is the most li-el, en%ironment to !ind this -ind o! tra"e !ossil( _/1 pt$ (')inter tidal !lat (B) ri%ers or la-es (*) mountains (8! )eep marine

Ha# Tra"e !ossil on sandstone# S"ale ar is 1 "m

H # *lose up %iew o! )ig# Ha# Ea"h di%ide on the s"ale ar on the ottom is 1 mm#

)ig# H

1=

19. ' student used a porta le Glo al 4ositioning S,stem (G4S) to re"ord the "oordinates o! his positions# The signal and the re"ei%ing "onditions were good during the measurement# '!ter the student entering the "oordinates he got into GoogleEarth, he noti"ed that the position drawn in GoogleEarth (G4S data) shi!ted hundred o! meters awa, !rom the true lo"ation (True 1o")# Aowe%er, the relati%e positions among di!!erent lo"ations measured in the same da, were "orre"t# &hi"h o! the !ollowing !a"tors is the most li-el, "ause o! this pro lem( _/01% pt$ (') in!luen"e , the ionosphere (B) mal!un"tion o! the G4S (*) sheltered !rom the uildings (8! )i00erent ,oor)inate systems

1?

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

20. The a , mammoth !ossil shown elow was !ound in Si eria in 1HEE# The !ossili0ation pro"ess it underwent is -nown as6 _/01% pt$ a) "ar oni!i"ation &! ,ryo2,onser3ation ") in"lusion in am er d) perminerali0ation e) p,riti0ation !) sili"i!i"ation

1;

21.

This !ossil shown a o%e is6

_/01% pt$

a) shar- ("hondr,"th,an) ) a on, !ish (ostei"hth,an) ") an amphi ian (salamander) )! a repti+e (i,(t(yosaur! e) a ird (penguin) !) a mammal ("eta"ean)

22. .at"h all o! the ro"- !eatures<sedimentar, stru"tures on the le!t with all possi le depositional en%ironment !ound on the right# _/11% pt$ (012% 6 9! Ro,. 0eature/Se)imentary stru,ture en3ironment 1 BBB"oal and siltstone with plant remains 2 BBBstromatolites and intra"lasti" limestone = BBBlaminated e%aporites ? BBBmud "ra"-s ; BBB%ar%es : BBBthin7 edded shales 8epositiona+ a# shallow ephemeral la-e # 8uiet marine deep water "# delta swamp d# peri7gla"ial la-e e# lagoon in arid "limate !# "ar onate tidal !lat

23. *onsider seismi" wa%es whi"h propagate at ?#; -m<s in the Earth "rust# a) &hat are the wa%elengths asso"iated to periods o! TJ0#1s, 1s and 100 s( _/01% pt$ (a) (&! (") (d) 2;0m, 5%0m1 1;0m, E;0m, 2#; -m 5$% .m ?#; -m E#; -m and and and 2;0 -m# an) 5%0 .m$ ;00 m# E;0 -m#

1:

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

) &hat are the periods and the !re8uen"ies asso"iated to wa%elengths o! 1m, 1-m, 100-m ( _/ 1 pt$ (01% 6 2! periods6 (e) 0#00??? s, (!) 0#000=? s, (g) 0#0000: s, ((! 0$00022 s1 !re8uen"ies6 (i! 5%00 H:1 (@) =? A0, (-) 1200 A0, (l) 22 A0, ?#? s 0#22 s 0#0: s 0$22 s 5$% H: 2? A0 1#2 A0 2#2 A0 and and and ???#? s# 2?#: s# :0#0 s# an) 22$2 s$ 0$05% H:$ ?? A0# 0#012 A0# 220 A0#

an) and and and

1E

24. The !igure a o%e shows the o ser%ed seismogram at some earth8ua-e o ser%ator,# Aere, the %elo"it, o! 4 wa%e (Kp) and S wa%e (Ks) is E-m<se" and ?-m<s, respe"ti%el,# _/11% pt (01% 6 7! (a) Aow !ar the o ser%ator, is lo"ated !rom epi"enter( ( ) &hat time the earth8ua-e o""urred( (") &hat time the !irst S wa%e arri%e at the pla"e ?000 -m !ar !rom epi"enter( a! (__! 71%0 .m (__! 7;20 .m (__! 5150 .m &! (__! 2 (< %1 min< 50 se,4 (__! 2 (< 50 min< 77 se,4 (__! 7 (< 07 min< 22 se,$ ,! (__! 2 (< %% min< 20 se,4 (__! 7 (< 22 min< 1% se,4 (__! 7 (< 0= min< 20 se,$ 25. Kol"ani" eruption in a mid o"ean ridge leads to matter and energ, trans!ormation etween the !ollowing earth s,stems ("hoose the most "omplete option)6 _/1 pt a# # ,$ d# )rom geosphere to atmosphere# )rom h,drosphere to geosphere# "rom #eosp(ere to (y)rosp(ere an) t(en to &iosp(ere$ Onl, !rom geosphere to h,drosphere#

1F

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

26. Indi"ate the t,pe o! magma "hara"teristi"all, erupted at the !ollowing plate te"toni"s %ol"ani" en%ironments (the same magma t,pe "an o""ur in more than one en%ironment)# The "hoi"es are6 'ndesite, Basalt, O sidian, and Rh,olite _/ 11% pt$ (01% 6 7! L L L .idO"eani" ridge Island ar" &ithinplate M Aot spots

27. .ar- three o! the !ollowing phenomena that are pre"ursors o! impending %ol"ani" eruptions# _/ 01% pt$ a# 1andslides &$ Anoma+ous seismi,ity "# Aea%, rains )$ In,rease o0 temperature an) ,(emi,a+ ,(an#es in 0umaro+i, #ases e# Strong winds 0$ Groun) up+i0t

1H

28. 1oo-ing "losel, at the !igure representing the erupti%e eha%ior o! magmas depending on their "hemi"al "omposition and their dissol%ed gas "ontent# 01% pt$

a Basi" and de7gassed magma Basi" magma ri"h in glass " '"id magma ri"h in glass d '"id and de7gassed magma "i#ure A s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______ "i#ure s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______

"i#ure C s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______ "i#ure 8 s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______

20

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

29. .i"helangelo Buonarroti (1?E;71;:?) was one o! the greatest s"ulptors o! the Renaissan"e# In this histori"al period, se%eral dis"o%eries and inno%ations in the !ield o! art, s"ien"e, and te"hnolog, were made# .i"helangelo "ar%ed his statues !rom the 2*arrara mar le3 a %er, !ine metamorphi" ro"- "hara"teri0ed , a uni!orm white "olor, "oming !rom 8uarries near the town o! *arrara (Ital,)# &hi"h two o! the !ollowing !eatures are NO' asso"iated with the !ormation o! a mar le( _/1 pt$ a) .ar les are !ormed , re"r,stalli0ation o! !eldspars !ound in sandstones# ) .ar les ha%e a hardness o! :7E on the .ohs s"ale o! mineral hardness# ,! *ar&+e is a metamorp(i, ro,. ,ompose) primari+y o0 ,a+,ium ,ar&onate (CaCO7!$ )! '(e ,o+or o0 mar&+e )epen)s on t(e presen,e o0 minera+ impurities (su,( as ,+ay1 iron o6i)es et,! e! *ar&+e is a ro,. resu+tin# 0rom metamorp(ism o0 se)imentary ,ar&onate ro,.s1 su,( as +imestone or )o+omite ro,.$ 0! *ar&+e is a non20o+iate) metamorp(i, ro,. wit( a ,rysta++ine stru,ture$ 30. Aow is "alled this geologi"al phenomenon( _/0$% pt$ a) ) ") d) Kol"ani" "himne, meteor impa"t "rater ro"-!alls sin-hole

21

22

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

31. The north M south trending Gul! o! '8a a is lo"ated along the south part o! the +ead Sea and the 'ra%a Ri!t %alle,# It is 1; -m wide and a"ti%e ri!t sin"e the earl, .io"ene# The ri!t %alle, is the north part o! the S,rian7'!ri"an te"toni" s,stem# ;000 B4, = meters, a o%e sea le%el, ;000 ,ears old marine terra"es were !ound = meters a o%e sea le%el along the east and the west margins o! the gul!# These terra"es are "ontinuousl, mapped !or se%eral -ilometers with a "onstant ele%ation# These terra"es ma, represent6 _/1 pt$ '# B# *# +# .ore warm "limate "omparing to the 1ate 4leisto"ene "limate *older "limate "omparing to the re"ent "limate Te"toni" upli!ting Remnants to high tide e%ent

2=

32. Tsunami wa%es "an e generated , se%eral natural phenomena# One o! the most !re8uent "ause are large su du"tion 0one earth8ua-es, generated at the inter!a"e etween two lithospheri" "on%erging plates where one o! the two su du"es eneath the other# *entral .editerranean te"toni"s is dominated , the slow relati%e "on%erging motion o! the '!ri"an and European 4lates# Ital, sits on the "on%erging plate margin, and its %ol"ani" and seismi" a"ti%it, are related to this !irst order phenomena# In the "entral .editerranean area su du"tion is "ontinuousl, going on under *ala ria in Southern Ital,, and to the east under the island o! *rete# Aere, large su du"tion 0one earth8ua-es o""urred in histori"al times, su"h as in the '#+# =:; . FN earth8ua-e, and generated widespread de%astating tsunami wa%es that hit the "oasts o! 5orth '!ri"a, mainland Gree"e and Southern Ital,# Earth8ua-e generated tsunamis are produ"ed , the "oseismi" displa"ement o! the sea ottom# The speed o! a tsunami is dire"tl, "orrelated to the depth o! the sea, i#e# it mo%es !aster in deep waters and slow in shallower waters# Earl, warning s,stems are !undamental !or mitigating the tsunami ha0ard along the "oasts, and are ased on models o! tsunami generating and o! propagation# Supposing that at 0:6=0 am $T* a large su du"tion 0one earth8ua-e hits the south7 western "oast o! *rete, and -nowing6 1) the e8uation o! the speed o! the tsunami wa%es KJ where g is the gra%itational "ostant (m<s2), and + is the depth o! the water 2) the a%erage depth o! the Oonian Sea along the three se"tions shown in the map6 Se"tion ', 2000 mC Se"tion B, 2;00 mC and Se"tion *, =000 m# .easure on the map the distan"e o! the three sites !rom the earth8ua-e epi"enter and "al"ulate the arri%al time ($T*) o! the wa%es at destination !illing in the ta le# _/2 pt$
*ean )ept( (m! Site A Site Site C 2000 2%00 7000 12*ean spee) (m/s! 22*ean spee) (.m/(! 72 8istan, e (.m! 52'ime to )estinati on ((! %2 Arri3a+ time (?'C!

On the 1) 2) =)

asis o! ,our "al"ulation the three sites will e inundated in the !ollowing order6 )irst Site ', then B and last *C )irst Site B, then * and last 'C )irst Site *, then B and last '#

2?

Geosphere Test with answers IESO 2011

.ap o! the *entral .editerranean area, showing with the la"- star the epi"enter o! the su du"tion 0one earth8ua-e, and the tra"e o! the three se"tions# *ir"les "entered on the epi"enter "an e used to measure the distan"e#

2;

IESO 2011
(PRACTICAL)

ASTRONOMY
(PRACTICAL)

IESO 2011 ASTRONOMY PRACTICAL TEST STOP 11

NAME:_______________________________________________________________ COUNTRY:_________________________________________________________ ___
On Friday, September 9, 2011, you will perform 3 trials. Each trial is indi idual, but in some cases you will ha e to wor! to"ether with some of the other participants. #his is what happens e ery day in science$ you compete and cooperate at the same time with other scientists, to "et an hi"her le el of shared !nowled"e. ACT I: THE POLE STAR FOR MARS (60 minutes f ! e"#$ %! u& &"!ti#i&"nts* Materials$ %oc!et torch li"ht &red', paper, pencil, rubber (emember that the celestial poles are the pro)ection of the "eo"raphic poles onto the s!y. *t the present time there is a star, isible from Earth with the na!ed eye, close to the celestial +orth %ole$ for this reason it is called %olaris. ,ut what if you were at the "eo"raphic +orth %ole of -ars. #he celestial +orth %ole of the red planet is not the same of the Earth. #o do the comparison, recall that the stars are so far that the ima"inary desi"ns of the constellations remain the same as seen both from the Earth and -ars. So the orientation of -ars/ a0is is such that its celestial +orth %ole has (i"ht *scension 21h 10m 12s and 2eclination 342.95. #his means that is in the constellation of 6y"nus. (i) #he most brilliant star of the constellation of 6y"nus could be a "ood choice for the martian +orth %ole star. 7hich way the modern terrestrial astronomers indicate it. For the -artian s!y watcher, who !nows8 _/1 pt. a. 1 6y" b. * 6y" c. 9 6y" d. : 6y" (ii) ;oo! at the s!y pro)ected by the %lanetarium on the inner surface of the dome. *t the <enith you ha e the +orth %ole of the ecliptic. Find %olaris and thus you !now the position of the Earth=s celestial +orth %ole. %lease notice the scale on the celestial meridian )oinin" the Earth=s +orth %ole with the <enith$ e ery step is 105. #here is the same scale also on the >uarter of celestial meridian )oinin" -ars= +orth %ole with the <enith. 7hat can you say about the a0ial tilt of the Earth and -ars with respect to the +orth %ole of the ecliptic. _/3 pt. a. #he a0ial tilt of -ars is twice the a0ial tilt of the Earth b. #he two planets ha e more or less the same a0ial tilt, but in different directions c. #he a0ial tilt of -ars is one half of the a0ial tilt of the Earth d. #he two planets ha e more or less the same a0ial tilt, but in opposite directions f in'i(i'u")

(iii) 6onsiderin" all the information you ha e collected, can you say somethin" about the inclination of the orbital plane of -ars with respect to that of the Earth, called the ecliptic plane. _/3 pt. a. #he orbital plane of -ars has a sli"ht inclination with respect to the Earth=s ecliptic b. #he orbital plane of -ars is e0actly the same of the Earth and all the other planets in the Solar System c. #he orbital plane of -ars is perpendicular to the Earth=s ecliptic d. #he orbital plane of -ars has an inclination of 145 with respect to to the Earth=s ecliptic

ACT II: I+LL FOLLO, THE S-N (./ minutes f ! e"#$ %! u& &"!ti#i&"nts* Materials$ %encil, rubber, paper, chronometer, piece of chal!

f in'i(i'u")

?n the Solar ;aboratory in -odena you can loo! at the ima"e of the Sun pro)ected on a blac!board without ris!s for your si"ht &remember$ ne er loo! directly at the Sun@'. 7hen the trac!in" of the telescope pointed toward the Sun is on, the ima"e is still and you can appreciate, for instance, if there are sunspots. 7hen the trac!in" is off, the Sun mo es until it disappears from the blac!board. E en when not wor!in", the instrument is useful$ the ma"nification of the Sun=s ima"e allow you to measure the time the Sun needs to co er a certain an"ular distance and thus the an"ular speed of its apparent daily motion in the s!y. (i) #he apparent an"ular diameter, in de"rees, of the Sun as seen from the Earth is about8 _/2 pt.

(ii) *fter ta!in" the measurements in the Solar ;aboratory, which is the an"ular speed for the daily motion of the Sun, in de"rees per hour, that you ha e found. 7rite your calculation process. _/4 pt.

ACT III: NE0ER LOO1 2IRECTLY AT THE S-N (./ minutes f ! e"#$ %! u& in'i(i'u") &"!ti#i&"nts* Materials$ %encil, rubber, paper, ali"ned telescope with solar filter

8 Anless you use the filters as you ha e on your telescope for the practical test BB but also in this case it is better not to loo! throu"h it more than few seconds. #his is enou"h time as to point the telescope, already ali"ned with the celestial poles, toward to the Sun. So you can find some >uite interestin" information about the position of our star and the position of the celestial +orth %ole, e en if it=s daytime@ (i) First complete the followin" scheme, insertin" in the s>uares the cardinal points &+, E already inserted, S, 7' and in the rectan"les the name of the local coordinates &*ltitude, *<imuth'$ _/2 pt

(ii) +ow you can mo e the telescope, center the Sun table$

and complete the followin"

2*#E OF #CE O,SE(D*#?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/0.5 pt. SA+=S (?FC# *S6E+S?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1.5 pt. SA+=S 2E6;?+*#?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt. 6E;ES#?*; +O(#C %O;E *;#?#A2E$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt. 1

;*#?#A2E OF -O2E+*$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt. ACT II PLAN 3: THE STARS LOO1 2O,N (./ minutes f ! e"#$ %! u& in'i(i'u") &"!ti#i&"nts* Materials$ %encil, rubber 8 *nd you loo! up all the same@ Anluc!ily, the weather is not fine, but you can see the stars$ o!, it is only a drawin" on your wor!sheet, but these are the same constellations and stars that will be abo e your head toni"ht in -odena BB and that those nasty clouds probably will not allow you to see 6an you identify the constellation indicated by the numbers. f

1 is$_/1 pt. a. ;ibra b. Dir"o c. Scorpius

2 is$_/1 pt. a. 6assiopeia b. %erseus c. %e"asus

3 is$_/1 pt. a. 2elphinus b. *>uila c. ;yra 4

4 is$_/1 pt. a. Arsa -a)or b. Arsa -inor c. 2raco

5 is$_/1 pt. a. Arsa -a)or b. Arsa -inor c. 2raco

d. Sa"ittarius

d. *ndromeda

d. 6y"nus

d. ,oGtes

d. ,oGtes

ACT III PLAN 3: 2ISCO0ER THE TELESCOPE (./ minutes f ! e"#$ %! u& in'i(i'u") &"!ti#i&"nts* Materials$ %encil, rubber, paper, cloc!, ali"ned telescope with solar filter, ruler

Anluc!ily, the weather is not fine and it seems you can not use the telescope8 ,ut it has been already ali"ned by the responsible of the %lanetarium in -odena. Iou can find ery >uic!ly and easily some >uite interestin" information about the telescope itself and the position of the celestial +orth %ole, e en if it=s daytime and clouds do not allow to loo! at the s!y. (i) First complete the followin" scheme, in the s>uares insert the cardinal points &+, E already inserted, S, 7' and in the rectan"les the name of the local coordinates &*ltitude, *<imuth'$ _/2 pt

(ii) +ow complete the followin" table$ 2*#E OF #CE O,SE(D*#?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/0.5 pt. 6E;ES#?*; +O(#C %O;E *;#?#A2E$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt. ;*#?#A2E OF -O2E+*$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt. (EF;E6#O( O( (EF(*6#O( #E;ES6O%E. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt. J

2?*-E#E( *+2 FO6*; ;E+F#C &mm'$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1.5 pt.

ATMOSPHERE
(PRACTICAL)

Practical Test Atmosphere Name__________________ Country __________________ Fog in a jar - Instruction sheet Background information Formation of fog, cloud and several other meteorological events share the same physical phenomenon the condensation of !ater vapor that happens !hen !ater passes from the gaseous to li"uid state# $uring this la% you !ill simulate the formation of fog in a jar through the creation of suita%le conditions# Materials & glass jars ' stic( of incense ' match%o) & aluminum %o)es previously filled !ith ice ' laser pointer Cold !ater *arm !ater Procedure '# Fill jar ' !ith cold !ater +T appro) ',-C. and jar & !ith !arm !ater +T appro) /0-C.# &# *ait for ', min appro) in order to allo! that the glass of %oth jars to come to the same temperature of the surrounding !ater# This helps you to prevent condensation inside the jars# /# 1easure the !ater temperature in %oth jars# *rite the results in "uestion '# 2# 3emove /42 of the !ater from %oth jars# 0# 5ight the stic( of incense and try to put some smo(e into jar '# 6lo! gently the incense smo(e into the jar# 7# 8uic(ly place the aluminum %o) containing ice on the top of jar# 9# 3epeat the same procedure +steps 0 : 7. !ith jar &# ;# Carefully o%serve !hat happens inside %oth jars# <# =se the laser pointer to o%serve the progress of the phenomenon and try to compare them estimating !hich one of the t!o jars produces more fog#

Fog in a jar
*or(sheet Question 1 & point *rite do!n the temperatures of the !ater of the t!o jars >ar no# ' +cold !ater. & +!arm !ater. Temperature -C

Question 2 ' point In most climate areas fog is more common during the cold season? does this e)periment help you to understand this phenomenon@ a. yes %. no Question 3 / points In your opinion !hich of the follo!ing sentences e)plain %etter the role played %y the smo(e inside the jars +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers. a. *arm up the air inside the jar further %. *arm up the !ater inside the jar further c. Aive tiny particles that provide surfaces on !hich !ater vapor can condense d. Aive tiny and !arm particles that increase the difference in temperature %et!een air and !ater# This affects the condensation positively# Question 4 2 points In the atmosphere !hich one of the follo!ing processes, in your opinion and most li(ely, emits su%stances that could play the same role of the smo(e you use in this la%@ +mar( no more then TWO of the follo!ing ans!ers. a. The erosion of a river %. A volcanic eruption c. The respiration of living organisms d. Fossils fuels %urning e. An earth"ua(e Question 2 points *hich of the follo!ing situations, in your opinion, is more suita%le for fog formation@ +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers. a. Close to a shoreline there is an up!elling of a deep and cold ocean current# Bere the !ater meets !arm air coming from the inland area covered !ith forest %. An hilly area has no vegetation cover since is "uite arid, ther are only roc(

outcrops facing south forming very !arm air masses meeting cool ones coming from the adjacent pea(s c. A very !ide area is covered !ith sno! in the mid of !inter season# Bere cold air masses meet slightly cool ones coming from an adjacent and dense !oods Question ! & points Cne of the conditions that helps the formation of fog is the ice presence that decreases the temperature of air inside the jar# *hich one of the follo!ing conditions could lead to the formation of fog@ +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers. a. increasing of air pressure inside the jar %. decreasing of air pressure inside the jar c. An increase or decrease of the air pressure inside the jar leads to fog formation d. An increase of the pressure coupled !ith heating of the air inside the jar Question " & points *hich one of the follo!ing su%stances of the atmosphere does NCT act as condensation nucleus@ +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers. a. marine aerosol made %y !aves %. car%on dio)ide c. particles lifted during a sand storm d. particles emitted during a forest fire Question # & points 1ar( on the follo!ing graph t!o points that represent the conditions of the !ater inside the t!o jars +mar( the point 'Dcold jar? mar( the point &D!arm jar.#

OCEANOGRAPHY
(PRACTICAL)

IESO 2011 PRACTICAL TEST Oceanography Temperature and Depth ea!urement! - Instruction sheet Dur"ng th"! pract"ca# te!t you $"## mea!ure the temperature o% $ater at d"%%erent depth! at a !amp#"ng !"te& '"th the data co##ected( you $"## con!truct a therma# pro%"#e and conduct an "n)e!t"gat"on *a!ed on the data& +ou $"## u!e thermometer! %a!tened at %",ed d"!tance! a#ong a #"ne ca##ed moor"ng rope end"ng $"th a $e"ght& The upper end $"## *e %",ed to the *oat& Th"! !y!tem "! ca##ed moor"ng !y!tem& Dur"ng !c"ent"%"c mea!urement!( "t "! genera##y %",ed to a %#oat"ng *uoy& The thermometer! are actua##y m"cro-data-#ogger! that mea!ure and record temperature data at de!"red t"me "nter)a#!& Th"! operat"on "! ca##ed a m"!!"on& The data #ogger! and the computer! ha)e a#ready *een con%"gured %or th"! m"!!"on& Materials Temperature m"cro-data-#ogger! .thermochron "/utton( Da##a!- a,"m mode# DS102112 Data-#ogger3PC ca*#"ng !y!tem .named L"n45S/2 Computer $"th dr")er! and !o%t$are a#ready "n!ta##ed .named One'"re6"e$er2 Procedure PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Preparation phase 5!"ng the hard$are and !o%t$are pro)"ded( you ha)e to program a## the data #ogger! "n order to !tart your m"!!"on $"th the %o##o$"ng character"!t"c!7 ea!urement rate7 1 m"n& 8ormat o% temperature data7 9C& A#arm7 o%% Start the m"!!"on o% each data #ogger& Preparation o! the "oorin# line& Put the data #ogger! "n!"de the cham*er!& T"ght#y c#o!e the cham*er $"th a !u"ta*#e o-r"ng u!"ng the g")en 4ey!& Then %", the thermochron! at the %o##o$"ng depth!7 !ea %#oor( :10m a*o)e !ea %#oor .a!%2( :20m a!%( :;0m a!%& Measure"ent& Put the moor"ng #"ne "n the $ater %o##o$"ng the "n!truct"on! %rom the !ta%% o% the *oat& Pay !pec"a# attent"on to them< Lea$e the "oorin# line "n the $ater %or at #ea!t 10 m"nute!& Care%u##y ra"!e the moor"ng #"ne& Co##ect a## the data %rom the #ogger! %o##o$"ng the "n!truct"on! pro)"ded *y the !tudent !ta%%& 8or each data #ogger you ha)e to choo!e .among a## the co##ected )a#ue!2 a !"ng#e )a#ue o% temperature that( "n your op"n"on( "! repre!entat")e o% the temperature o% the $ater at that depth $here the thermometer $a! p#aced& %o to the &or'sheet and ans&er the (uestions

=A E>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> country >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

IESO 2011 PRACTICAL TEST Oceanography Temperature and Depth ea!urement! - )or'sheet *

+uestion , Record the data "n the %o##o$"ng ta*#e7 -epth ."eter /elo& sea le$el0 0 m .!ea #e)e#2 m m m .!ea %#oor2

Te"perature .1C0

2 points +uestion 3 Dra$ a graph u!"ng the data you co##ected& P#ace the temperature on the hor"?onta# a,"! .Sca#e the a,"! %rom -@9C to :;09C2& P#ace the depth on the )ert"ca# a,"!& /e !ure to p#ace the !ea !ur%ace at the top and the !ea %#oor at the *ottom o% the a,"!& 2 points +uestion 4 Accord"ng to the data co##ected( th"! $ater ma!! "! character"?ed *y7 .Choo!e on#y O=E o% the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2 a2 no therma# !trat"%"cat"on *2 !trong therma# !trat"%"cat"on c2 $ea4 therma# !trat"%"cat"on d2 I $ou#d need more data to !ay !ometh"ng de%"n"t")e#y& 2 points +uestion 5 In your op"n"on( $h"ch o% the %o##o$"ng !tatement! "! mo!t #"4e#y the ma"n cau!e o% the pre!ent cond"t"on o% the $ater co#umnA Th"! !hou#d re%#ect your an!$er to Bue!t"on ;& .Choo!e on#y O=E o% the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2 1& a*!ence3pre!ence o% d"%%erence! "n den!"ty a! a con!eBuence o% d"%%erence! "n temperature and3or !a#"n"ty& 2& d"%%erence! "n the concentrat"on o% d"!!o#)ed o,ygen& ;& d"%%erence! "n the phytop#an4ton concentrat"on& C& 'a)e act"on @& =on-natura# cau!e! !uch a! the tran!"t o% *oat! and !h"p!& 2 points

+uestion 2 'h"ch o% the %o##o$"ng e)ent!( "n your op"n"on( CO5LD CERTAI=L+ =OT a%%ect the pre!ent

!"tuat"on o% !trat"%"cat"on& .Choo!e O=E o% the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2 a2 "n%#o$ o% $ater $"th a d"%%erent !a#"n"ty *2 "n%#o$ o% $ater $"th a d"%%erent temperature c2 a )ery !trong $"nd d2 "n%#o$ o% $ater $"th !"m"#ar !a#"n"ty and temperature e2 re#ea!e o% pho!phorou! %rom the !ed"ment @ po"nt! +uestion 6 'h"ch o% the %o##o$"ng *e!t e,p#a"n! the "mportance o% the !trat"%"cat"on o% a $ater ma!!D .Choo!e O=E o% the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2 a2 /ecau!e !trat"%"cat"on a%%ect! the ero!"ona# proce!!e! carr"ed on *y the $ater ma!! *2 /ecau!e !trat"%"cat"on and the temperature o% the $ater a%%ect on#y the pr"mary product"on& .$arm $ater mean! more product")"ty2 c2 /ecau!e !trat"%"cat"on cou#d a%%ect ano,"c cond"t"on! at the *ottom& 2 points +uestion 7 5!"ng the graph that you prepared %or Bue!t"on 2( dra$ a therma# pro%"#e o% th"! $ater ma!! dur"ng a hypothet"ca# $"nter $hen the !ea !ur%ace had %ro?en& 8 points

=A E>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> country >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

GEOSPHERE
(PRACTICAL)

Stop 01 IESO 2011 Practical test Geosphere Mineralogy

Name and surname of the Partecipant: ________________________________________ Nationality: ______________________________________________________________ Duration time 10 min.

Identification of mineral species

Given five different mineral samples, the candidate is requested to identify each mineral species with the aid of basic chemical/physical tests or macroscopic observations. Each mineral species holds at least one unique feature or character which discriminate it from the others for e!ample, it is the only one reactin" with acids, it is the hardest one, it is the most symmetric one, it is the only one e!hibitin" metallic luster #$. %he tests recommended for the identification are: i$ reactivity to hydrochloric acid attac&' ii$ determination of the relative (ohs hardness' iii$ crystal habit indicative of the crystal symmetry' iv$ metallic luster. %he candidate should associate the code number from ) to *$ of the mineral sample to the mineral name. + points for each ri"ht answer$

calcite quart fluorite hematite sulphur

STOP 2 15 Name_____________________ Country ____________________

Practical test: Preda Ringadora 1) Connect the fossil names with the corresponding figure.

1) AMMONITE

2) BELEMNITE

3) CORAL (SCLERACTINIAN)

4) CRINOID

5) GASTROPOD

6) RUDIST 1 - __ 2 - __ 3 - __ 4 - __ 5 - __ 6 - __ (0.2 pt for each right answer)

2) Inside the squares A and B there are two of the fossils illustrated above. Write the name of the fossils: A) ________________________ (1 pt) B) ________________________ (1 pt)

3) The geological feature labelled on the stone as C is a: (0.8 pt) a) cross bedding b) flute cast c) ripple mark d) stylolite

STOP 3, 20 Put a cross above the letter of the right column (5 pt) Name_____________________ Country _____________

STOP 4, 20 Name ___________________________ Country __________________

Cathedral, northern side Identify the stones in the boxed wall portion using the given samples for comparison: fill the slab contour with the appropriate color.

Legend and color key: %ot to be identify &arble Correct points all 'ray calcarenite ! wrong " # wrong (ellow)white$calcarenite $ wrong # " wrong rock ! &agmatic *trachyte+ ,ink)red limestone Score

STOP 5, 15 Name __________________________Country ________________________

Roman Lapidary Museum (Lapidario Romano, Museo Civico Archeologico Etnologico) (1pt for each right answer) dentify the stones of the following Roman monuments using the given samples for comparison! write the stone letter into the appropriate monument "o#$ %tone samples A) Limestone ("iocalcarenite) &) &recciated mar"le ('ara"es(ue)) C) *oliated mar"le +) Limestone ("iocalcarenite,"iocalcirudite) E) Limestone (rudist mudstone) -$ .! Altar (ara) of Marcus -umisius Castor

-$ 1/ Altar (no inscription)

-$ 11 Altar of 0u"lius Clodius

-$ 1. %tele of Caius *adius Amphio

-$ 1. Lion

STOP 6,

15

Name ______________________________ Country _________________

QUESTION 1 What is the attitude (strike, dip direction, angle of dip at clockwise easure ent! of the e"posed surface # $ (%pt! 1& 11'( ) *'( ) +,( *& %-'( ) *,'( ) +,( %& *'( ) 11'( ) *,( -& 1.'( ) /'( ) *,( ,& *,'( ) %-'( ) *,( +& 11'( ) *'( ) +,( .& *''( ) *0'( ) +,( /& *'( ) 11'( ) +,( 0& 11'( ) *''( ) *,( 1'& *''( ) *0'( ) *,(

QUESTION * On the surfaces (#, 1, 2, 3! what geological features can 4ou identif4 (one or 5e correct!$ (',, points for each right answer! 1& *& %& -& ,& +& .& /& wawe ripple arks groo6e casts flute casts tectonic lineation st4lolites fossil traces tool arks fossil shells

ore answers

a4

STOP 7

25

Practical test 2011 Comparison of sediments and hydrographic basins Equipment: Geological map 1 ( riuli !ene"ia Giulia#$ %ith a simplified legenda Geological map 2 (&ombardia#$ %ith a simplified legenda Pebble samples ' and ( )and samples 1 and 2 )tereomicroscope *ilute hydrochloric acid+ E,ercises: -%o geological maps are pro.ided (1 and 2# -%o pebble samples ( ' and ( # are pro.ided /n each map$ t%o sites (0 and 1# along the ri.er are sho%n+ Pebbles and sand samples ha.e been collected from these locations+ 2n site 0 pebbles from the /glio hydrographic basin ha.e been collected+ 2n site 1 pebbles from the 2son"o hydrographic basin ha.e been collected+

1# 3ecogni"e the roc4 types of the pebbles$ by completing the follo%ing table (it5s possible to use the diluted 6Cl solution#: (1$7 points#

Choose among: limestone$ sandstone$ dolomite roc4$ diorite$ gneiss8micaschist 9umber of pebble '1 '2 ': (1 (2 (: 3oc4 type

2# ;atch correctly the pebble samples %ith the geological maps+ (1$27 points# Pebble sample ' Pebble sample ( Geological map number <<<+ Geological map number <<<

:# /bser.e carefully the t%o sand samples (1 and 2# at the stereomicroscope+ =hich minerals are present in each sample> 1ou could tic4 more than one option+ (1 point# Calcite present )and sample 1 )and sample 2 ?uart" abundant ?uart" .ery rare (iotite present

@# =hich of the t%o sand sample comes from site 0 and %hich from site 1 > (1$27 points# )and sample 1 )and sample 2 )ite <<< )ite <<<+

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF LOMBARDIA - SIMPLIFIED LEGENDA stop 7a

Important note: durin past !a"ia! periods# a!pine !a"iers transported and a""umu!ated sediments to $orm morains in t%e pedemontane &one o$ A!ps' Sin"e t%e end o$ t%e !ast !a"iation# ri(er O !io "arries to site X sediments a!read) deposited *) a!pine !a"iers in t%e past in t%e pedemontane &one# sout% o$ !a+e Iseo'

Quaternary covers , . 7 /

Igneous rocks 0: ranite ,1: diorite ,,: diorite and a**ro

,2: r%)o!ite

,3: ranite ,7: diorite and a**ro Sedimentary covers: di$$erent t)pes o$ !imestone# sandstone# do!omite ro"+ and s%a!e ,0*

44a 44* 42 4-

4. 43 47a 4/ 40 21 2,a 24a 22a 22. 27a 20 -,a -2a --. -3* Crystalline rocks -/: neiss -0: s"%ist and p%)!!ite .1: 5uart&ite

Crystalline rocks 3-: neiss 3.: s"%ist and p%)!!ite 33: s"%ist 37: neiss

Geological map of Friuli Venezia Giulia SIMPLIFIED LEGENDA stop 7 Important note! It"s possi le to assume t#at t#e litological formation in t#e Slo$enian si%e of t#e #&%rograp#ic asin of ri$er Isonzo 'calle% Soca in Slo$enia( are t#e same foun% in t#e Italian si%e)

Quaternary covers *+ *, **.

Cenozoic sequence

/0

! san%stone an% s#ale

/0 a! san%stone1 reccias an% s#ale

/2! limestone

Mesozoic sequence /7 c! limestone

/+ c! limestone

/+ ! limestone

/, a! limestone

/-! limestone

/. c! %olomite roc3

/. a! %olomite roc3

/* c! %olomite roc3 an% limestone

0! %olomite roc3 an% limestone

Stop 8, 15 Name_________________ Country____________

In this test you are expected to recognize the minerals of the roc , estimate their a!undance and classify the roc !ased on the Stre eisen diagram" #ill all ta!les and Stre eisen plot" $eport the name of the roc " Characters of the roc forming minerals %not all are present in the roc &' Plagioclase' (hite mil y appearance, anhedral to su!hedral %elongate prismatic ha!it&, sometimes t)inning and clea*age detecta!le" Quartz' Colourless to greyish, is the most transparent, often anhedral interstitial, conchoidal fractures, no clea*age" Biotite' +lac ,dar !ro)n, *itreous lustre, thin clea*age system, hexagonal euhedral sections are in general su!e-uant"" Pyroxene' +lac , prismatic elongated, clea*age parallel to the elongation" Olivine' .reen, dar green, prismatic su!e-uant, no clea*age" Oxides' /-uant, fine grained, !lac metallic lustre" Tourmaline' Strongly elongated to acicular ha!it, light !ro)n to greenish" K-Feldspar' 0range to reddish, forms large crystals, anhedral to su!hedral, sometimes t)inning and clea*age detecta!le" In the follo)ing ta!le select the minerals you recognize on the selected areas of the pillar, then indicate the amount of each phase" 1inerals not recognized must !e indicated as 23" 4o e*aluate the amount of each mineral phase use the reference grids in the next page" Note that indicating the amount of minor phases as 5123 means total is not expected to !e 1223" 2 4ourmali ne 9, feldspar 5123 123 623 723 823

0li*ine 0xides :uartz ;yroxene +iotite ;lagiocla se

$eference grids

In order to define the roc you must recalculate the relati*e amount of :, < and ; /stimated *alue : %:uartz& < %9,feldspar& ; %;lagioclase& Sum :=<=; Sum >122 $ecalc to 122

;lot in :,<,; !y colouring the compositional field ?ou can use the triangular plot aside to help in finding the correct position

4he o!ser*ed roc is' ________________________________

Score' ;lot in the right field' 8 points ;lot in the fields ad@acent to the correct one' 1 points

STOP 9, 20 Records from the past

- Instruction sheet Background information
To help to make climate forecasts for the future, it is useful to study past climate The field of science !hich aims to "ain #etter insi"ht into past climate on $arth and the mechanisms that are causin" climate chan"e is called palaeoclimatolo"y The floors of oceans and lakes are co%ered !ith %arious layers of mud-like sediments, !hich contain fossils One type of fossil from lake or ocean sediments that is often used #y palaeoclimatolo"ists is diatoms $ach kind of diatom has a different shape of its skeleton This difference is used to identify the %arious fossil types of diatom In addition to this, e%ery species "ro!s optimally under a certain temperature called the optimal temperature &To', so the presence of a certain species can pro%ide some clues a#out the climate at the time !hen the indi%iduals !ere still ali%e Scientists can determine the temperature at the time of formation, !hich is called the #alanced a%era"e temperature &Tm', #y applyin" the follo!in" formula(

Aim
Reconstructin" a climate history #y analy)in" the types of diatoms from a sediment core

Materials
*0 Petri dishes that correspond to sediment samples from different parts of a sediment core The depth and a"e are indicated on each Petri dish &+P years, years +efore Present' Sample Age (BP Depth (cm) number years)
* 2 . / 0 1 2 9 *0 *000 2000 .000 /000 -000 0000 1000 2000 9000 *0000 *0 *20 2.0 ./0 /-0

$ach Petri dish contains *2 pink, "reen, yello! and purple #eads $ach color represents a specific type of diatom that sur%i%es #est in certain temperatures &, optimal temperature, To' Type of diatom To ( )
pink yello! "reen purple 20 **0 -

Procedure
* 3olor the attached dia"ram &on the !orksheet' accordin" to the diatom composition found in each Petri dish 3ount the amount of #eads of each color found in each Petri dish and color the circles accordin"ly 4rom the #ottom &hori)ontal a5is' to the top of each column of circles, color first the pink ones, then the yello! ones, the "reen ones, and the purple ones 6ra! a line a#o%e the top set of pink dots 7 this !ill "i%e you a line !ith the a"e on the 8-a5is and the num#er of diatoms per type on the 9-a5is 3alculate the #alanced a%era"e temperature &Tm' for depths at *000 years +P, /000 years +P and 1000 years +P 4ill the :Ta#le of the Tm %alues; and ans!er the <uestion accordin" to the instructions pro%ided

2 .

This acti%ity has #een adapted for I$SO20** from the ori"inal %ersion titled :$5periment from the Past; pu#lished #y International Polar 4oundation http(==!!! educapoles or"= &* of . '

Records from the past &2,/pt'

>orksheet , 6ia"ram -

Table of Tm !alues
Age (years BP)

npink ? T0,pink nyello! ? T0,yello! n"reen ? T0,"reen npurple ? T0,purple ntotal

Tm ( )

*000 /000 1000

This acti%ity has #een adapted for I$SO20** from the ori"inal %ersion titled :$5periment from the Past; pu#lished #y International Polar 4oundation http(==!!! educapoles or"= &2 of . '

Analysis of the results

@uestion * &0,0pt' Put the . time periods listed in the ta#le a#o%e in the follo!in" ordinated list from the coldest &*' to the !armest &.' * &coldest' 2 . &!armest' , , , time periodAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB"e &years +P' time periodAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB"e &years +P' time periodAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB"e &years +P'

@uestion 2 &*,-pt' The cur%es for the t!o !arm periods sho! e5actly the same ma5imum in terms of num#er of :pink diatoms; !hile the #alanced a%era"e temperature &Tm' for these periods differ, ho! can you e5plain thatC &mark one correct ans!er' a' #' c' d' The most recent !arm period has more :purple diatoms; The Tm takes into account the relati%e composition of diatoms present in each sample The Tm takes into account the a"e of each samples The optimal temperature of the :pink diatoms; chan"es accordin" to the a"es

This acti%ity has #een adapted for I$SO20** from the ori"inal %ersion titled :$5periment from the Past; pu#lished #y International Polar 4oundation http(==!!! educapoles or"= &. of . '

STOP 10 15 Practical activity Remote Sensing Processing and analysis of digital satellite imagery Instructions

Generate computerised colour images in o True colour o False colour Answer the questions ,ame:555555555555555555555555555

Download the data (Landsat satellite imagery of Venice) 4ountry:5555555555555555555555555

1) Data Do nload Download all files from http: download!terra!unimore!it ieso and sa"e them on the Des!to" (dou#le clic$ing on e"ery file) #) O"en t$e satellite imagery

a) %tart the %&O'or!s()0 programme (clic$ing on the 'indo s Start *utton) #) &pen the following files and press O+ on the Image Previe
Venice_Band_1.tif (channel '( #lue)! Venice_Band_2.tif (channel )( green) Venice_Band_3.tif (channel *( red) Venice_Band_4.tif (channel +( near infrared ,-.) Venice_Band_5.tif (channel /( short wa"elength infrared %0-.) Venice_Band_7.tif (channel 1( short wa"elength infrared %0-.)
Fig!': -mage 3re"iew window

window (cf! Fig!'):

() True,colour com*ination of s"ectral *ands- generate a real colour image

-n the 2enu #ar clic$ on: Image .om*ine from/ 0Red 1reen 2lue3( a new window called .om*ine R12 appears (cf! Fig!)) &n the three input windows select the #ands:

a) for red (Select Red Band)

select Venice_Band_3(

#) for green (Select Green Band)

select Venice_Band_2

c) for #lue (Select Blue Band)

select Venice_Band_1!

Fig!): 4om#ination of the spectral #ands

.emote %ensing practical acti"ity

-6%& )7''

4lic$ing O+ the com#ined true8colour image appears! 9eep it open in order to compare it with the ne:t results!
Fig!*: False colour infrared com#ination

4) 5alse,colour com*ination- generate an infrared false colour image

.epeat the steps of point *) choosing now the following association of spectral #ands (cf! Fig!*):

a) for red select Venice_Band_4( #) for green select Venice_Band_3 c) for #lue select Venice_Band_2!
4lic$ing on O+ you o#tain now an infrared false colour image of Venice! 9eep it open in order to compare it with the ne:t results! 5) Try anot$er com*ination- generate a different false colour image using ot$er s"ectral *ands 6754) .epeat the steps of point *) choosing now this association of spectral #ands (cf! Fig!+):

a) for red select Venice_Band_7( #) for green select Venice_Band_5 c) for #lue select Venice_Band_4!
4lic$ing on O+ you o#tain now a different false colour image of Venice!
Fig!+: False colour 1/+ com#ination

8ou $ave no created t$ree different com*ined images of t$e same su*9ect) O*serve and com"are t$em in order to ans er t$e follo ing :uestions)

.emote %ensing practical acti"ity

-6%& )7''

;uestions
Only one ans er "er :uestion is correct< mar! t$e rig$t one) &very rig$t ans er corres"onds to 0)(5 "oints) 15 T$e %=>DS=T system constitutes t$e longest continuous record of t$e &art$ surface ') The Landsat satellite is a) polar #) geostationary ,ame:555555555555555555555555555

4ountry:5555555555555555555555555 )) Landsat is used a) for weather applications #) land use c) to constantly monitor a localised region on the 6arth surface d) none of them T$e geometrical resolution of an image is t$e si?e of t$e "i@els in meters) *) Gi"en that the Landsat images co"er an area of )7 $m ; )7 $m and that there are /77;/77 pi:els in the image( which is its resolution< a) )7 #) +7 c) +77 d) no answer is correct In t$is "ractical activity you used different s"ectral *ands< every single image reflects a "art of t$e electromagnetic s"ectrum +) 0hich of the following #ands are outside the "isi#le spectrum< a) red #) red and ,-. c) near and middle infrared d) green and #lue T$e com*ined images are< res"ectively< true, and false,colour com*inations of t$e t$ree visi*le c$annels red< green< *lue< or furt$er s"ectral c$annels of a %andsat scene) /) False8colour images are used to a) increase the interpreta#ility of satellite images #) pro"ide "isually impaired people a mean for detecting the same features in land use .om"aring t$e com*ined images o*tained from ste"s ()< 4)< 5) in t$e Instruction s$eet=) The colours of the different features of the soil depend on the #ands selected for the com#ination( #ecause e"ery o#>ect has its own radiation characteristics a) true? #) false 1) 0hich channel is #est suited to gi"e information regarding "egetation< a) green #) infrared c) red d) none of them @) The infrared range is "ery useful for interpreting the 6arthAs surface #ecause a) it consists of reflected and emitted energy #) it gi"es information a#out the "itality health status of the "egetation c) none of them d) #oth of them Referring to t$e image o*tained com*ining t$e s"ectral *ands 7< 5< 4B) For which application is this com#ination useful< a) to detect coast lines and shores that are well defined due to this com#ination #) to find te:tural and moisture characteristics of soils c) #oth of them d) none of them '7) -n com#ined image 1/+( "egetation appears to #e a) red
*

.emote %ensing practical acti"ity

-6%& )7''

#) green c) #lue

END