FA-TR-76061

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF 5.56 MM FOLDED AMMUNITION/WEAPON SYSTEM

by

"Reed E. Donnard Richard R. Rhodes

Thomas J. Hennessy

September 1976

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

D DO
MAY 1017

Munitions Development & Engineering Directorate

PE P' N

U.S. ARMY ARMAMENT COMMAND

FRAN KFORD ARSENAL

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

19137

DISPOSITION

INSTRUCTIONS

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Do not return it to

Dbstroy this report when. no longer needed.

the originator.

I
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I
I

1) SCI.AINMER

The findings in this report are riot to be COUSLru'ML as an offic.>il Department of the Arnny pOSi~rifl unless so designated b.V other authorizea

documents.I

UNCLASSIFIED
SCCURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (VIhen Dst. Entere0D

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

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S. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
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1.

REPOAt NMUMSR1

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO.

FA-TR-7606i'
a) 5.

TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

\-

I-

.ANMUNITION/WEAPON f
AUT.O-....

FEASIBILITYSTUDY

OF 5.56 MM FOLDED SYSTEM, "6.

..

(-

Technical

research repeTrt..

PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

8 . CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(a)

"Reed
._
S.

E./'Donnard Richard R. /Rhodes Thomas J./Hennessy

PERFO-il1Wu-WR'ZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10,

Frankford Arsenal Attn: SARFA-MDS-S

Philadelphia,
II

PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

7
19137

AMCMS Code:
12%REP0RT-OAT&

662603AH1780011
,

PA

DA Proj.<AL662603AH78,
,,,2-----------

CONTROLLEING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

ARMCOM

II)
13. 15. N

SepLv
-' 146
U u Y

1976..;

"14.

-__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(If dillerwet from Controlllnt Office)

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(hie report)

Unclassified
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DISTRIBUTION ';TATEMENT (of this Report)

Approved

for public release;

distribution unlimited.

17.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of th

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I$.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Acknowledgement is made to the following personnel whu both cont-Uibuted to the success of the study and supplied the authors with much of the information reported herein: (cont'd)
1. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree aide if necelsery aid Identify by block number)

Folded ammunition Ammunition packing volume reduction Ammunition Weight reduction Ammunition length reduction
20.

Vehicle space uLilization Increased Cyclic r-;te Reduced iogi;Ii' cst

ABSTRACT (Continue an reverse sidle if necessary aid Identify by block nuumber)

-)Folded Ammunition is a unique concept in ammunition design thaL relocates the propellant charge from the conventional positJion behind and coaxial with the projectile to one beside the projectile. For a given tnergy nutiptL, conventional axially symmetric amiltlnLtlon ,.-artridges do not provide the most efficient geometrical shape for a minilniLmum syLeIt parametric profile (system length, weight and bulk). Reconfiguration

o JAN, .

1473

EDITION OF

t NOV

W1SO SOLETE

SECRIT Ct.AS-IFICAT!ON CLASSUNCIOASi SECURITY

FT El) OF THIS PAGE (l'1nlg

(,," Fgit.

UNCLASSIFIED
SCuFkITY CL,-ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAORt(hte Date Enletan)

18.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES - Cont'd

Concept Description Design Analysis Fabrication Processing

Andrew J.

Grandy

James R. Harris John F. Kloskey Samuel J. Marziano Albert Zalcmann John A. Duffy Robert W. Markgraf

Firing Fixture Design

"2.0.

ABSTRACT -

Cont'd

of the cartridge using the Folded Ammunition approach makes possible now what had previously been unattainable in the way of weapon/ ammunition system optimization. This report describes the concept, outlines its advantages avid presents the results of a short-term analytical and experimental program that successfully demonstrated the feasibility of Folded Ammunition.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ........................ DISCUSSION ...................... ...

............................ ............................

3 9 9 19 25 33 37 38 58 60 70 77 103 144

Design Analysis .................... ....................... ...................... Ballistic Studies .............. Case Fabrication ........... ..................... ................ Automatic Firing Test Fixtures ....... CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......... APPENDIX A - US Patent No. 3857339 ...... .................. ................. ..............

.... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ..

B - Representative Firing Data .....

C - Tool Drawings for Case Extrusion Process ......... D - Folded Cartridge Details ..... E - Modified M16AI Details ........ F - Modified Belgian LAR Details .... DISTRIBUTION .................. ............................ ............... ................ .............

List of Tables Table I. II. Ili.

IV.

Chamber DeflectLon at Nodes Located on I.D ............ Comparison of Internal Diameter Deflections ........... Hardness Readings of Heat-Treated Carburized Cases
Hardness Readings of Heat-Treated Uncarburized

.. ... .....
.
. .

18 19 28
32

..
.

Cases

List of Illustrations

L. 2. 3. 4.

Ammunition Concept ................

..................... ............ ..... . . ....

4 5

Ammunition/Weapon System Comparison .........

Conventional vs Folded Packing Volume Comparisons Ca rtr Ig Compnrtsnris l.s ......... ...................

List of Illustrations - Cont'd

Figure 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ii. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Design Analysis .................. Folded Chamber Starting Grid Folded Chamber Starting Grid Folded Chamber Stress Plot (Rear ....................... Section) ........... ... .. .. Pae 10 12 13 14 15 .. .. .. ...... ........... .. .. 16 17 20 21 23 24 26 27 29 ... ... .. .. 30 31 32 34 35

(Mid-Section) ........... Section) .. .. ......... .........

(Rear

Folded Chamber Stress Plot (Mid-Section) Folded Chamber Distortion Plot Folded Chamber Distortion Plot Ballistic Test Cartridge ........ (Rear

Section) ..........

(Mid-Section) .......... ..................

Gas Flow Control Liner ...................... Bolt Cavity Pressure vs Port Position ... Interior Initial Blank, Ballistics Comparison .....

...............

Extrusion Process for Folded Cartridge Case ........ Cup, and Draw Process for Standard Ammunition ....

Carburized Microstructure

for Folded Cartridge

Case ........

Final Extrusion Process for Folded Cartridge Case ...... Load and Assembly Process ...... .................. ............. .............. ..............

Assembled 5.56 mm Folded Cartridge .... Automatic Firing Test Fixtures .......

Modified M16AI

Firing Sequence ............

INTRODUCTION

Folded Ammunition is a unique concept in ammunition design that relocates the propellant charge from the convention position behind and coaxial with the projectile to one beside the projectile (Figure 1). US Patent 3857339, shown in Appendix A, documents this concept. For a given energy output, conventional axially symmetric ammunition cartridges do not provide the most efficient geometrical shape [or a minimum system parametric profile (system length, weight and bulk). Reconfiguration of the cartridge using the Folded Ammunition approach makes possible now what had previously been unattainable in the way of weapon/ammunition system optimization. Figure 2 depicts the Weapon/Ammunition systems relationships in diagramed cross-sectional view. The basis for weight saving in the Folded Cartridge can be seen as the result of complete support afforded by the weapon which peFmits use of a uniformly thin-walled cartridge case. In addition to the significant savings in cartridge weight, the shortened cartridge length results in another important system improvement, i.e., shortened minimum bolt stroke of the weapon. At least two weapon benefits arise from this attribute. These are: (1) a greater range in cyclic rate capability including increased cyclic rate if desired, and (2) reduced bolt velocity for a given cyclic rate. This latter feature would be a direct contributing factor to increaised weapons parts life. Perhaps the most far-reaching attr[bute of the Folded Ammunition concept is the significant reduction in "packing volume" occupied by the cartridge in comparison to conventional axisymmetrically shaped ammunition. Figure 3 reveals the geometrical basis for this statement of fact. The packing volume occupied by the cartridge is defined as the minimum dimension rectangular solid encasing the cartridge.' The shaded area around the cartridge represents dead space which detracts from packing efficiency. in this illustration, a conventional 5.56 mm FABRL cartridge is shown in side and end views with appropriate dimensions. The packing volume of this cartridge is: Vp = I x d2 = 0.323 in
3

where: Vp I d = = = packing volume in inches

3

cartridge length in

inches inches

cartridge case base diameter in

In contrast, the three views of ;1 5.56 tu m[ Folded (>artrid'ge represent the cartridge size in the folded canfiruratiun required to house the same propel.lant charge and fire the same project1le at the saine velocity os

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Using the same packing volume ana.logy as that f,..r tile the conventional. convent Lona L cartridge, it can be seen that the paicking volume (rectangular volume or envelope occupied by the folded cartridge) is significantly smaller This is verified by calculating than that of the conventional cartridge. Thus: the new cartridge volume. VP where: VIP it w h =
=

P' w h = 0.228 in 3 inches

3

packing volume in

cartridge length in cartridge width in cartridge height in

inches inches inches

= =

This represents about a 29 percent volume decrease based on the packThis is the dramatic ing volume of the conventional 5.56 mm FABRL cartridge. space saving result of Folded Ammunition. Using examples in all three caliber regimes (small, automatic cannon and large), the comparisons shown in Figure 4 have been projected to show the universality of cartridge geometr.c and weight savings that can accrue using the folded design. It is interesting to note that even though the 30 mm GAU-8 cartridge has an aluminum case, a weight reduction is still indicated in the folded version utilizing a thin wall steel case. An excellent illustration of the operational potential of this new idea is to compare the effect it would have on the infantry soldier using the M16AI rifle and 5.56 mm ammunition as a reference. In the infantry squad, the rifleman can carry 450 rounds comprising a weight of about 16.4 pounds. With Folded Ammunition, this weight is reduced to 13.5 pounds. Or, keeping the ammunition load at 16.4 pounds, he would carry approximately 574 rounds, an increase of 124 cartridges (27 percent of the basic load). In addition to this, it is estimated that weapon length could be decreased (clue to reduced length of bolt stroke and chamber) with a resultant weiglht saving of about 1/4 pound. In connection with the shortened bolt stroke of the weapon, at least two advantages are pertinent. Of course, rate of fire can be extended more easily into the higher ranges if that is desired. But, for a given rate of fire, the shortened bolt stroke should enable weapon designers to reduce acceleration of the bolt and associated parts with a resultant benefit to parts life. From the systems viewpoint, and aside from the logistic aspects, improvement in space utilization is of particular importance equally in vehicle and tank turret application. This is true not only for ammunition oriented space utilization, but also for weapon intrusion into otherwide cramped quarters. Shortened ram stroke requirements

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Additionally, the advantages in system play a significant rrce here. volume and/or weight savings can be where applications to aircr,*ft overlooked. be not critical should DISCUSSION Based on the significant potential advantages offered by the concept of Folded Ammunition, a hardware-oreinted study was undertaken to investigate the basic feasibility of this new idea and determine the pracThe feasibility inticality of adapting it to a working system design. combining activities interrelated of series a of consisted vestigation the feasfor basis the as served which phases hardware and analytical studies, ballistic analysis, design included These ibility assessment. elevation. fixture firing automatic and processes case fabrication

Design Analysis The experimental folded test weapon chamber and ammuniti.n cartridge case were designed using the finite element stress analysis technique which took into account chamber and case deflections at peak pressure The analysis was made using a carfor satisfactory case performance. As tridge-configuration designed around the 5.56 mm FABRL projectile. illustrated in Figure 5, there is a significant difference in the weapon support given to the cartridge case in the folded configuration as opposed In order to provide for extractor engagement with conto conventional. Thus, ventional design, the case head can be onlN partially supported. it must be relatively massive to withstand the pressure developed by the On the other hand, Folded Ammunition can be fully burning propellant. supported since the cartridge case is not extracted from the rear but This permits is pushed out from the front of the propellant capsule. the desigi. of a case wh4-h is thin wall in construction in the head as Since approximately 40 percent of conventional case well as the body. weight is in the head region, a considerable weight saving is achieved. The analysis required to design a Folded Ammunition case is less than that required for the conventional round because the folded case The strength requirements in is completely inclospd by the chamber. the case are determined solely by the need for case recovery after firing. The first part of the analysis is calculation of the radial expansion of the inside chamber wall as a function of chamber pressure. Conventional weapon chambvrs are bodies of revolution with simple Usually, the chamber may be approximated as an generating curves. The deflection of n uniform cylinder assembly of uniform cylinders. tinder internal pressure is:

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Inside chamber radius in Outside chamber radius in

Deflection of inside chamber radius in Poisson's ratio

The Folded Ammunition case, however, is not a simple body of revoluticn. In fact, a complete stress analysis of the chamber or case would require solution of the three-dimensional Balltrami-Mitchell equations. However, an approximation of chamber deflection can be obtained by analyzing crosssectional slices of the chamber as two-dimensional problems. Using this approach, considered sufficient for this analysis, two sections, one at the rear and the other at the mid-section of the chamber, were chosen. A finite element grid was prepared for each section. The starting grids are shown in Figures 6 and 7, and the results of the analyses are shown in Figures 8 and 9. These plots show lines of constant stress at intervals of 250 psi throughout each cross section. Figures 10 and 11 show a plot of the deformed geometry (solid lines) superimposed on a plot of the original grid (dashed lines). Both sections are assumed to be sections of long regular bodies, i.e., in plane strain. This means that the axial variation of stress in the weapon chamber is completely neglected and axial stress is assumed to be zero. This assumption gives radial chamber deflections that we estimate to be 10 to 20 percent greater than actually occur in the weapon, thus making the analysis conservative. Table I presents the x and y components of the deformation vector of the nodal points on the interior radius of the chamber. The numbers may be combined vectorially to yield the radial deflection at each point. These, in turn, are averaged to determine the average radial deflection in the cross section. Once the average tadial deflections are known, case yield strength is determined so that the case will recover enough of its original shape after pressurization to insure extraction. Specifically, the requirement that case radial recovery be greater than chamber deflection implies that static extraction force is zero at zero chamber pressure.

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TABLE I. Chamber Deflection at Nodee Located on I.D,
Rear Section X(x
10

(Ellipse) Y(x, 10-6 in)

Middle Section X(x t06

(2

Holes)
10

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in.)

Y(x

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Average radial deflection 19.7 x 10-6 inches 1000 psi

6.

inches x 10-psi

Application of thin shell theory to the cylindrical portion of the Folded Ammunition case permits this criteria to be expressed as:

2
where: 0 d

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o r

Yield strength of cartridge case material

This approach in conjunction with the results from fable I gives a minimum yield strength of 102,000 psi for a chamber pressure of 65,000 psi, Similar calculations carried out for tile rear section of the case indicate a minimum required yield strength of 164,000 psi. The results of this analysis can be compared with the known solution for a thick-walled cylinder. The purpose of the comparison is to see how much effect increasing the barrel outside diameter has on reducing the minimum yield strength values required in the case, As the outside diameter of the thick cylinder increases, the internal deflection decreases and, in the limit, it approaches the value given by:

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Comparison ol )both Folded Ammunit ion chamber sections with the cylinder he go i ned by large inc reases ill chamber outiI] C CaO Q(qJlot q ion shows tIlk I i side diameter. The 'omp ri son is mode by convertinjg the Folded Ammunition value of to an area-equivalent cylinder and then calculat ing the Iilliting Results are summarized in internal- deflection of that thick cylinder. Tabl Ae B1.

TABI. 'AU I I.
Comparison of Internal. Diameter I)eflections

Finite Section A-A Section B-B

Element

Value

Inii ting Value 104 x 10-5 in.

128 x 10.5 in. 40.9 x 10 in.

34.4 x

10)5 in.

ball i.stic

Studies

studies of the 5,56 mm Folde]d Ammunition were Preliminary ballistic weapon instrumented for measurement of conducted in a heavy walLed test The weapon was designed to accept retiseable cartridge chamber pressure. cases which were assembled from several components allowing variation of The components of a internal volume and propellant charge distribution.

rcpreprsaLadLve case are shown

in Figure 12.

Propellant granulation and

the test hardware to establish ignition studies were performed with this in addition, a parametric study was conducted desired performance level. of the 5.56 mm Folded Ammuto evaluate the effect on intev'ior ball istics nition of varying the relative locations of the- primer and propellant gas flow from propellant charge. Also studied was the effect of throttling A bed to projectile using flow areas of 1/3, 2/3 and full bore area. weapon and special case bases were fabricated special breech for the test with the primer located on the axis of the cylindrical to permit firing for the rear portion portion of the -.ase. Also fabricated were liners of the case which confine the propell:lnt charge to the cylindrical areas of 1/3 and 2/3 bore portion and permit gas bleed-off throulg A representative liner is shown in Figure 13. The crossarea. is sho,nyn elevated sectional area of the gas bleed-off control slot for clarity, 19

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CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF

GAS BLEED-OFF CONTROL

GAS BLEED-OFF CONTROL SLOT

PROPELLANTCHAMBER

--Gas Flow Control Liner

Figure 13.

The modified cases were fired in an instrumented te,;t weapon with the The standard case configuration and loading with primer fol.lowing results. positioned on the axis of the cylindrical portion produced no detectable When the 2/3 bore area liner was effect on either pressure or velocity. inserted and the entire propellant charge confined to the cylinder, average peak pressure increased by approximately 8 percent and muzzle velocity inUsing the same configuration as above creased by approximately 2 percent. but loading propellant in both the cylinder and throat produced a 20 perAverage velocity was the same as cent increase in average peak pressure. Using the 1/3 bore before but uniformity was substantially degraded. area liner and the propellant charge again confined to cylindrical area of the case, average peak pressure rose 10 percent while velocity deHere again, baLlistic uniformity was poor. creased 10 percent. the entire propellant It was concluded from these firings that locatingr, charge in the cylindrical portion oC thu cdi.s in comhinitt on with an axially However, positioned primer can provide a small increase in perFurrmance. the magnitude of this increase is such that other consduratLions such as case manufacturing procedures, may render its adoption impractical or

21

cost-ineffective.

It was also observed that restriction of gas flow from

the propellant charge to the projectile tends to decrease performance and However, this study was limited uniformity. greatly degrades ballistic to the 5.56 mm caliber, and, specifically, the FABRL bullet, which has More extensive studies will be a comparatively low sectional density. advantages can be required to determine whether specific ballistic realized in other systems through variation of primer location, propellant position or gas bleed-off control. weapon and studies in the. test Based on the preliminary ballistic results of the design analysis, a prototype cartridge was designed and fabrication initiated. Concurrent with this, a test barrel was designed and fabricated to accept this ammunition and permit firing from a universal test fixture. This barrel, in addition to being instrumented for measurement of chamber pressure, also permitted port pressure measurement to obtain data required for automatic firing fixture operating mechanism design. In order to obtain a pressure gradient, port pressure taps were provided at the normal Ml6AI potition (6 1/2" from muzzle) and at a position three inches closer to the bolt face. Test firings were conducted with pressure gages at the chamber and both port positions. Results of these tests indicated a pressure at the normal port position of 9000 psi for, rounds fired at the desired per.ormance level. This translates into a bolt cavity pressure of approximately 750 psi. Since the M16AI normally operates at a bolt cavity pressure of 1600 to 2400 psi, a relocation of the pressure port was indicated. Figure 14 is a graph of bolt cavity pressure versus port position calculated from the pressures measured in these test firings. From this curve, a new port position was selected for the automatic Folded Ammunition firing fixture. This position is four inches to the rear of the original in order to produce an estimated average bolt cavity pressure of 1800 psi. Interior ballistic studies in both the above test weapon and eventually in the automatic test fixtures resulted in selection of a propellant charge for the 5.56 mm folded FABRL cartridge that yields velocity and pressure levels comparable those obtained with the conventional design. The data shown in Figure 15 compares interior ballistics of the conventional and folded designs using the same 5.56 mm FABRL bullet, 18 grains of propellant WC 680 and the standard FA 41 primer. These curves are derived from a series of test firings and are representative of these firings. Performance levels are statistically similar as are calculated efficiencies. The Folded Ammunition time-pressure curves showed no evidence of unusual spikes, pressure waves or ignition anomalies. Representative firing data are shown in Appendix B. The conclusion can be drawn that the folded design does not appear to introduce any negative effects on ignition or propellant combustion. There has been some indication in limited studies of a 30 mm system that in the heavier, Larger caliber projectiles improved ballistic efficiencies can be achieved with the Folded Ammunition design. Studies are being continued in the 30 mm experimental test fixtures to ascertain the validity of this preliminary evidence. 22

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Case Fabrication Due to the unusual shape of a folded cartridge case, the ability to produce this case at a rate and cost comparable to those of a conventional case was a matter for serious concern in this feasibility study. Therefore, the establishment of a case fabrication process, that would indicate a high degree of case producibility, was considered an essential aspect in demonstrating the feasibility of Folded Ammunition. Three decisions had to be made at the outset of this feasibility study with respect to the number of case components, the forming technique and the case material. A two-piece case was selected in lieu of either a one-piece or a three-piece case. The one-piece case was considered too difficult to mass produce while the three-piece, although easier to fabricate, was deemed too complex to meet the stringent requirements of a cartridge case. The forming technique chosen was an impact extrusion process (Figure 16) as the first approach in fabricating the unusually-shaped, two-piece folded case. For comparison, the standard blank cup and draw process used for fabricating the one-piece 5.56 mm bottleneck case, is shown in Figure 17. As can be seen, case processing steps have been reduced from 14 for the conventional to 8 for the folded. Of course, machine production rates must be taken into consideration as part of any comparative procedure, among other things, but the impact extrusion process used here enables a reduction in process steps when compared to conventional case fabrication. On the other hand, the folded case was fabricated in two parts and this then increased the number of fabrication steps for the total case. Even so, a decision was made and carried through which resulted in a practical experimental method for case fabrication. Steel was selected as the folded cartridge case material for its cost-savings potential since it is approximately 40 percent of the cost of brass, the material from which standard cases are made. Aluminum and plastics were considered as material candidates but were ruled out at this time although they could be considered as possible candidates in the future. Having made these three crucial decisions, it remained to develop specific tooling and processing operations to fabricate the experimental Folded Ammunition cases. The tool drawings for the extrusion process for the 5.56 mm folded cartridge case are shown in Appendix B. Although many problems surfaced during this development, one of the major hurdles centered around extruding a steel with a high enough carbon content to achieve what were coasidered to be desired case mechanical properties (approximately 164 kpsi yield strength) through heat treatment. The lowest carbon steel which can be heat treated to the desired level is 1035, a steel which is not suitable for impact extruding at the degree of reduction required for the process. Thus, an investigation was conducted to develop a means for circumventing this problem. The approach taken utilized a carburizing technique which would be

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workable on a thin-walled structure such as the folded cartridge case. The case, therefore, was extruded from 1008 steel (the lowest carbon steel (commercially available and extrudable at the required degree of reduction), carburized to 1035 steel and then heat treated to the Figure 18 shows the uniformity or homogenity desired property levels. the hardness of such carburized microstructure and Table III lists cases. readings obtained on the heat-treated carburized

TABLE III. Hardness Readings of Heat-Treated Carburized Cases Hardness Case I Rc Case 2

Reading Position

S29
.-

32 35 39 32 38 36
34

34 41 33 38 36
34

.3 4 5

N_
-

-6
7

It was found in subsequent testing that the carburized and heat treated cases were not sufficiently ductile to preclude splitting during In fact, it was found that uncarburized 1008 steel cases test firings. ductility wherein the as-formed case could be possess sufficient did successfully fired without splitting. This advantageous situation resulted in a significant simplification of the case process and it was found that satisfactory case ejection could be obtained in autoThe hardness pattern for this case is matic test firing fixtures. The final case process, then, is that shown in shown in Table IV. Figure 19. Loading and assembly of the experimental Folded Ammunition was The process conaccomplished in the manner depicted in Figure 20. sisted of inserting the projectile in the case to form a closed case The cap was primed separatebody into which the propellant was loaded. Although this differs from ly and then joined to the loaded case body. the 4&5sntional cartridge assembly, these steps should be amenable to Shown in Figure 21 in both external and cutaway production processing. views is the assembled 5.56 mm folded cartridge used in this feasibility study. Details of cartridge and components are contained in Appendix C.

28

A_

]
Case 2

Case 1

ft

~;4

ASA

Location A

F.

I."9 2-k,.

Location

W
7 A

.,

"I,
. .,

t~rti

Location B
NO I F :

()v ' FI 1 Ca rbuan

Figure 18.

Co [1 Le

nt :

). 32;
1()
t

Ca birz

i(r(istrttt'tiiie

101d(101

C r r

ddC

29)

rr

LU
U)ci C)

iI

ifs
-d

II
v

'Ii
A
44U) Ii)

a
S
-I -

C Ct ci>

'1

I
II

Jr
-nJ

to rd..

1:

ow

LUOy

cc w

LU

Z0

1%

31-

Ilardness Readings of Heat-Treated Uncarburized Cases

Readhing

Hardness

Rc

Position

Case 1 B61

Case 2 B58

368

B74
B98 22 24 B58

24 22 5 7 22 B59

Rockwell "B" readings given where too low to read en "C" scale

BULLETI

IL

w oo

PRR

LE

CARTRIDGE CAPSULE

FOLDED AMMUNITION
Figure 21.
Assemhled 5.56 E1 ;le' l

Camrtridge

32

Automatic Firing Test Fixtures

The ability to feed a two-pronged folded cartridge on an automatic basis posed a question that could only be answered by actual experimentation. In the interest of minimizing cost and taking maximum advantage of existing hardware, automatic test fixtures were evolved through modification of standard weapons. Two weapons, the M16A1 and a Belgian Light Automatic rifle were chosen to provide latitude to pursue different design approaches based upon two significantly different operating mechanisms. In egeh case, the weapon was fitted with a 5.56 mm barrel chambered for the folded 5.56 mm FABRL cartridge. Magazines were designed for feeding the Folded Ammunition and appropriate modifications were made to the bolt and belt carrier to provide the proper feed and mating with the folded design chamber. In order to make use of the highly desirable front end case ejection advantages of the folded system approach, ejector systems were fitted to the weapons and gas operating systems modified to provide satisfactory cartridge case removal. The modified weapons are shown in Figure 22. Details of the new and modified parts for both weapons are contained in Appendixes D and E. Firing tests were conducted in. both weapons to provide empirical data for refinement of operating mebhanisms design resulting in evolution of fixtures which satisfactorily demonstrated that Folded Ammunition could be automatically fed, fired and ejected. Figure 23 shows a firing sequence representing a six-round burst from the modified M16AI test fixture at a cyclic rate of 706 s.p.m. The firing cycle shown starts with the bolt in battery with a round in the chamber. Propellant gas from the first round fired pressurizes the bolt carrier. Then in proper sequence, the bolt unlocks and the expeller lever engages the expeller shaft pushing the fired case out of the chamber. As the bolt continues rearward, it permits the next round to enter from the magazine which is located horizontally on the other side of the weapon. This round pushes the fired case from the bolt face and into the ejection port as it moves into position for chambering. The return stroke of the bolt completes the ejection of the fired case and chambers the next round completing the cycle.

33

r4J

34

I I
L
11'!
C)

1
I

Zr
1-

LI;
C) Iz

C' I--.2)
m
t
J,.

t S

I
&
I

U
39

nAM

4,21

Rh

,1,

CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOM(hIENDATIONS

The feasibility of the folded ammunition/weapon system has been demonstrated by automatic test firing of experimental prototype ammuniPertinent technology has been established tion in automatic firing fixtures. These in areas that are essential to the success of this new desrgn approach. include: first, capability to match ballistic performance of conventional Secondly, utilization of a two-piece case which performed ammunition. Thirdly, the ammunition was fabricated satisfactorily in the firing test. Finally, it was shown using state-of-the-art impact extrusion machinery. that the folded shape ammunition could be automatically fed, fired and ejected with indications that this would not offer a stumbling block in the development of systems using this principle. As a result of the success experienced in the testing of experimental folded system hardware and the real promise of future system optimization as indicated by thu advantages outtined in the introduction to this report, it is recoemmended that the conceptual phase of exploratory development be completed to provide combat development agencies with hardware oriented data to determine operational capabilities, doctrine and specific material requirements that will provide Army, and very possibly Tri-Service forces with the improved capabilities that. can accrue from the folded system We recommend that the following approach be taken design principle. Lo achieve Lhis goal. It is felt that the most cost effective program would be to develop required hardware oriented data using smal.l caliber as the test vehicle. In the small caliber test vehicle the common cartridge, common fed rifle
light lil"chine gull approa( h would not only supply basic data

a~ld

but would

be very advantageous

in its app] icabil i ty to the luturot small arms program.

The uotI ity of one common ammunition package unit suitable for use in the rifle or light machine gun would he joined to tle most advanced projectile

design.

In addition to the general

information tOhar would be gleaned

from

i);pramnetri.c studies should also be consmall caliber pirogrraiu, specific dutcted iH b)th caInnon and large caJiber to provide the widest spectrumi of information.

37

AI'PPNI) IX A
US Patent No. 3857339

38

United States Patent 119 1

Grandy
1541 AMMUNITION AND WEAPON SYSTEMS 1761 Inventor:
Andrew J. (;randy, 2707 Grant Ave., North Hills, Pa, 19038 3.369,534 3,398,633 3,696,705 1,537,857 1211 (521 Appl. No.: 239,595 U.S. CI .............. .102/38. 102140, 102/43 211968 6/1968 10/1972 8/1968

3,857,339
1451

Dec. 31, 1974

Crosman ......................... 102/38 X Kershncr ............................... 102/40 Hrabov6y .......................... 89/35 A France ................................ 102/38

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS

Primaryv E.aminer-Bcnjamin A. Borchelt A.%isiunt Examiner-H. J. Tudor ABSTRACT

1511 Int. CI ............................. F42b 5/02 1581 Field of Search ........ 102/13, 40, 43,43 P. 44, 99/35, 35 A. 3. 1561
75 19
944.t163

References Cited UNITEID STATES PA'lIEN'S

2/1904

A weapon system employing encapsulated ammuni. tion in which the pressure chamber, located axially rearward of the projectile, is longitudinally or axially Offset from but in fluid communication with the propellant capsule chamber. This permits use of ammunilion rounds having reduced length for given characteristics of prior rounds, resulting in lightest weight and

211910t 1)9t ............ 111940

12/195)0 12/1958 11/19611 7/1962 711962 11/1966 2/1928

Kilcr ..........

2.222,x12
2.535,h24 2.866.412 2.9m).031 3,046.842 3.046.,9 0 3.28 3.71Y

J.659,625

.............. 102/3x -: ........ 102/43 k Cowan ........... Faulkner...... . .. .. 89135 A

....... 102/40

improved bulk characteristics for the ammunition as

well as associated weapon systems. This ammunition concept is adaptable to rec'illess. partially recoilless and closed breech ballistic systems in a variety of arrangements. 102 Claims. 67 Drawing Figures

Burney ................................ 102/3X Meyer et ul ....... ....... 103/40t X (lift ....... . ....... ... ..... 102/40 Sergay ............................... 89/35 A Dardick ............... ......... 102/318 Grandy ............................ 1024(40

20 Z3c-203C~ 107 209 20 203 205 20 ::.. oA 209 204

39

PAT[NTEOOEC3 11914
SHEET 1oOF 10

3,857,339

FIG.4
120

FIG.2
103
1 0 9

o7 F61oQIG
1cj 103
'

f.G6_
10_ 103 08
103.

07

1 104 ni 0 4

Th

0505 i05 11 0 910

114

"FIG.

IIr0 ?

104 105Al1 109

12210

FF IG..

120123
jj

~-i,
'1~21 12 9 13'0 128
,

1124' 12 r.

-'1241 2 (212

.:\\cC7"-120A 7
-- ) \21 \ "34 13

FIG.8
026
" -0120 4

12

127.

0_I

FIG.2
10)10
I 3 K310fr

F IG,

1 03 '0

F IG.9

103
3

124 107

FIG.l I
'03 -

1
103

5 E\

FIG.3
03

(107
-105

_9I0S

103A8-

log

09

109

10909

104

11FIG104
123 O3E

107

120

40

PATENfEDDEC311974
SHIEI

3,857.339
U20F 10

F IG.18
20

F IG,16
203

F IG.15
4 lo,

F IG,17
Z 20G 20 3

F IG.19
23 o

206A 2. A-

20

20 m

05 OS

s.>

y9_4

200

0 F IG,.22

FIG. 2013 20

11

1278

/28I

/I7o

FIG.25

FIG.23

FIG.22

z
F IG.24 l0CLI ope

;-2O3C,203r

2o05 2039 203 2052

09206A

.
20920

2.

-fw7 E070

"224'Z2 'o!q2r
227W
CC10

---

2?J5+
/7-26Z1

7 F G. (

/Jo

\61-2602

FIG-28

-226

PATENTEDEC3 11974
SHEET C33OF 10

2.857, 339

FIG. 32
(/07

F G130

F I Qf.__
l7oT

FIG.31

FIG. 34
,107

F IG.,.33
.-104

0 1

4M)

/0.3-

~"io4L 10409

,/04 /1

/0.9

iO

:_;

F IG.35

103

07

'103

104
0 J

-toj
104L
0

/04t/109

F IG,36
005

104M

10-I

04-L

/4

PATENTED DEC 311974

SHEET C4 OF 10]

3,857,3391

FIG. 38
107
205

F G

20204

300

1
30Z

F iG. 13 93

321A

325A

5
'

FIG.40

J09

43

PATENILTDDEC3 11914
SHEEI Osof 10

3,857,339

FIG.44

F IG.43,

403-

40-,

409

FIG.42
400640400A
,,to

FIG.41
409 .403
4

. . 40 "I'-1N,

-...

40

-401

40A

-401

.AGt ar1o 4o . I,
40WJ

7t
0

4 6 "-0405A
I

FI
-

K9

jL6L<

I1

FIG.45,
406

07

4 06

F I,52All
4403 4A

406
0

F IG.49
107

405-

403E 5,40-40310

S\408
40'-411

4407

405A 404409 405.

402 -401 -10 402

-401 409 409 404C 110 110 40406A 4 4 52 404 402 52A.-, 0~-0$43

S41.-411

040l

FIG.42A

At

403 411 406A 40G 404 54A0 4

0403
1743

so

,4, 402 40

403404

/44

PATENEO~tJ119143.857.3391 SHFll Var OF

'4JI
II

\424

PAIENiLDD[CJ 11974
SHUET 070Of 10

:3,857. 339

'7
427F

Z7 't5 4 '4

426H

-4031

43-4
429 428 409 4096 4AM/

442A
/200

441

PAIENICUDLC-311974
SHEET 080OF 10

3,857, 339

4500

409

401
411

tg4

24

PAIENIECUEC3

11974

.3,85T, 339 SIIEW 09OF 10

5 L 109T100409
403 5 \40 107

FIG. 57

404

~V~
d.04

X\
4,03

'sc~s

F IG.55
4C,

FIG.59
4106 40

FIG.600
S.oo ).
'5022

F IG. 6_
. ooA
50

F IG.60
406, 4CMio44__x
404A-

FI G.~
403) 4Q3
-100i

X--'0

,,-50Z

48B

PMAENIEI3OEC3J 11974
SHEET 10OOF 10

3.,65 7.33'391 FIG. 62

2

FIG. 5Q
52 075O 51

C 50 SI2

107,

520

400

F IG. 63
52,18

J:1G.64
5f27 57

A25-01 404,4

J07

SO/ 276

107j

44

I
ANIMIINION AND WEAPON SYSTEMI

3,857,339
2

Gl(S. 22-26 are views, similar to FIGS. 15-19, of a nmKlificd group or ammunition rounds. I'he ins.etion described hereit may he munufac. FIGS. 27 and 28 are longitudinal sectional views of' moldifiCd portions of weapon systems associated with lured, used, and licensed hi, or for the (iovernment for gvcrnniental purposes without the payment to me uif 5 the rounds of FIGS. 22-26. I.IGS. 29-32 are perspective views of u further inodi. an) iomalty therei'n. fled group of rounds. This invcntlion r'lates 1,) amnunititln and weupon FI(iS. 33 and 34 are perspective views of clusters of "s)"sins therftor, wnd more particularly to a variety of c;lapsules of the FIG. 30 and FIG. 32 rounds, respec. such systcmis each having the capacliy ito utilize cat. 10 lively. tridgc capsule amnmunition. 'l( S. 35 and 36 are perspective views of clusteis of Present day cylindrical anmmunitiotn does not reprocapsules of the FIG. 32 and FIG. 3 rounds, respecsent the most efficient, ovcr.all cartridge with respect lively. it, bulk and weight FIG. 37 is an end view ol' a mnodificd form of cluster tUe invention to provide weapon arIt is an object Oel' rang'ments and cartridgc capsulc amnnunition rounds 15 n angenent. f'ii usc therewith which arc of lightness in weight and [IG. 38 is a sectional view taken along line 38---38 of FIG. 37. havc improved hulk characteristics. HFG. 39 is a perspective view of a modified cluster arAnother object of the invention is to provide such langement. ammunition and weapon arrangements that can be aidFIG. 40 is aih exploded persoective view of a linking %antageously used as partially recouilless, fully recoilles, 20 clip member and ammunition round used ;n the FIG. or closed breech hallistic systems. 39 arrangement. A further object of the invention is to provide such FIGS. 41-44 are end views of integral multiple caiity a.rangeinents that can he advanta~gVOsly used in either containers of cartidge capsule portions arranged in cyfixed projectile or bolt rammed projectile systems. "5 lindrical form. A further object of the invention is to provide such FIG. 45 is a sectional view taken along line 45-4.4 reof manner iniprosed arrangements that facilitate an of FIG. 41. moving spent ammunition rounds from the firing chamFIG. 46 is a longitudinal sectional view ofa portion her of the sseapon. A rriention is to provide of a closed tireech weapon system for the FIGS. 41-44 A still further obect of the n tniniunition. means for attaching the cartridges in arrangements that [I. 47 is a logitudinal sectional view. partially brocan he udvannageouslyiisel in single shot, semiken away, of nuilti-cavity container modifications for iutom~atic and fully automatic weapons the FIGS. 41-44 cylinders. Another object of the invention is to provide specific F'IG. 48 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion capsule cartridge shapes resulting in efficient packag- Is of a recoilless or partially recoilless weapon system for ing arrange~ments which can he advantageously used in the FIG. 47 ammunition containers. rotar,. fed ind in-line fed single shot, semi-automatic FIG. 49 is a view, similar to FIG. 47, of further multiand fully automatic weapons. cavity container modifications for the FIGS. 41-44 amA further object of the invention is, to provide both caeityontainerot uniizd 0 a:nimtion cylinders. individual capsule cartridges and multi-cavity. unitized 40 FIGS. 50 and 51 are longitudinal section views of cartridge arrangements which can he advantageously modificd portions of weapon systems associated with ised in rotary fed and in-line fed, single shot. semithe FIG, 49 ammunition containers. automatic and fully automatic weapons. FIG. 52 is a view, similar to FIG. 49, of further multirhese and other objects, features and advantages will cavity container modifications for the FIGS. 41-44 ambecome apparent from th- following description and 45 .mu'tion cylinders, and FIG. 52A is a partial sectional accompanying drawings in which: view taken along line 52A-52A of FIG. 52. FIGS. 1-4 are perspective views of a variety of amFIGS. 53 and 54 are longitudinal sectional views of muniltion rounds embodying the principles of the invenmodified portions of weapon systems associated with tion. the FIG. 52 ammunition containers. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the FIG. 1 50 FIG. .55 is a longitudinal sectional view of a propelrou nd lant capsule pcrtion of a multi-cavity rectangui,:r prism !IG 6 is a longitudinal sectional view oif a portion of ammunition cluster. a c'osed breech weapon system for the FIG. 5 round. FIG. 56 is a partial sectional view taken along line Fi,. 7 is a sectional view taken substantially along 56- 56 of FIG. 55. lines 7--7 of FIG. 6. 5 FIG. 57 is a sectional view taken along line 57-57 FI'l. N is an exploded view of certain portions of the of FIG. 56. FIG. 6 arrangement subsequent to firing. FIG. 58 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion FIGS 9-13 are views, similar to FIGS. I-.5, of a mod. ofa closed breech weapon system for the FIG. 55 amified group of anmmunition rounds, munition prisnms. FIG 14 is a lhnqitudinal 4eclional view of a portion } FIGS. 59-61 are views similar to FIG. 55 of modified of a recoilless or partially recoilless weapon system for ariangements. the FIGS 9-131 rounds. FIG. 62 is a longitudinal sectional view of a poxrtion FICiS. 15-19 are similar views of a modified group of of a recoilless or partially recoilless weapon system for ,,nmminitaon rounds h5 thie IG. 59 ammunhnition prisms.
; :,is 20 anmd 21 :lrt longitudinal sectional viewr. of mr, ifird pwtwrjn if wcapvin ,vstenis ;issociated wvith 1h. rr'rld. 'tI F ( 1,% 15 09. FIGS. 63 and 64 are longitudinal sectional views of roodified porlions (ofweapons system%associated with the FIG. 60 ammunition prisms.

3,857,339 3 4
FIGS. 65 and 66 arc longitudinal sectional view% of enlarging tapered recoil vent 127C provided in the modified portions tit weapogn syslens associated with breech or bolt 127. The forward internal surface of the lhe 116. 61 ammiunition prisms, nonzle 127A is Formed with a substantially sharp annuThe FtIG. I encapsulated amminunjirion round shown Ui edge to facilitate povsitive shearing action upon the generally at 101 includes a thin ceapsulL' 102 (FIG. 5) 5 operative portion of the weakened section 103C when of ferrous. non-lferrous or synthetic material of predesuficieent propellant pr"ssure is generated in the prestermined contour Preferably lerious, the cartridge suire chamnber portion oft cylindrical chamber 103 by capsule has an elongated 'substantially cylindrical the ignited propellant 1 10. chanther 103 and a propellat ehamiher 104 iritegr;il Ilhe ammunition rouinds of FIGS. 15-19 contain sevtherewith hut longilt ndinal!s otifset therefrom'i. Ani inter 10I cmrl variations for their operative Firings in) the fixed mediate necked down metering orifice 105 tinterec nprn jectile. inseitted bolt weapion sysitcms oit FIG;S. 20 nctls or fluidly comitmuikaivris the prope Ilmait chat i her an1d 21 The capsule c yl indicnal chamber 203 has an 104 with the pressure chiamber portioni 106 of the cy. Opten rearward end 206A adjacent its press~irc chamber lindrical chamber 103. A projectile 107 is slidably re. portion 206. and contains at bottom gas vent 203A ceived in the ti rwar d barrel potition 10N of* chamber I which is stubstantially in vertical alignment with the 103 tin longiturdinal alignment with the lire~siir chamin blow out disc or pre-turmied weakened section 204A her portion 106. An aippiopriate percussion primecr 109 defined hy internal recess 204C in thc upper wall of is secured in ;k suitably recessed and apertured rear wall (uIp~stlc propellant chamber 204. A suitable primer 209 iortiion of the capsule 102, preferably aligned with tile is located in the reitr'.ard wall of the propellant chanmpropellant chamiber 104 which contains the dvsiirtd 20tiher which is integrally connected with chamber 203 hy granuflar. flike, sheet or solid grain propellant 110. The thL' forwardly opening cavity side and rearward 'Aalls transverse sections and end walls lIt (f o the FIGJ. 1 205. round propellant chamiber arc of sutystantially rectanIn both the FIG, 20 closed breech arid FIG. 21 recoilgular configuration The embodiments of FIGS. 2. 3. less or partially recoilless weapon systems the common and 4 are oif substantially the sntrne construction as the 25 %%.all portion 222, for the cylindrical barrel 220 andi axi. V'16. 1 round, but the trans;vcrs sections andi correally offset capsule chamber 221, terminates with a rearsponding end %,valls112. 113, and 114 are of configurawardly extending tongue 222A that fits into the controns which are substanttially square. triangular, and cy nectling cavity and Abuts the cavity realr wall 205 upon lindrical. respectivecly. loading of the round. longue 222A has a vertical gas heportion of the el,.St'd br-ech weapon systemi 301 %ent passage 222C that places capsule chambers 203 1-16S. 6--81 includes a substantially cN lindrical bat rel and 204 in fluid conimunicatiort upon firing of' thle 124) having an axially offset capsule chambher 121 inteiiiuiid as thfe developed pressure gas blows out a porgrarl therewith, both the barrel anld capsule chamber tion (if the weakened section 204A at the sharp edged having a somewhat shortened common wall portion passage 222C' and enters the pressure chamber 206 ad122 to accommodate the FIG. I round prior to firing 35 acent the concave recess 227F provided in the forward fFIG. 61 which function is accomplished after the barfa-ce oif the reduced tip portion 227G on the bolt 227B. rel lug 123 and capsule chamber lug 124 are simulta'I lie bolt 227B is longitudinally translatahle in the rotaneously engaged by thc opposed book or locking lugs tional and longitudinally translatable breech member 125, 126 of the rotatable: and longitudinally translat227. With bolt lug Or pin 227H slidable in longitudinal ihlc hretcb means or bolts 127.1 he closed breech typte4 sldot 227F of member 227, the bolt is withdrawn rearbolt 127 has a firing pin 128, biased by spring 129 sur wardly prior to operative disengagement and engaget(i(nlding. the firing pin rod or stent 130, with its recepmient of the hreech hooking or locking lags 225, 226 tive breech opening 131 in operative alignment witht with the barrel lug 223 and] capsule chamber lug 224. the primer of the round to he fired. The barrel 120 has A tecoilless or partially tecoilless weapon nozzle 227A a transrcrse opening I120A and an appropriate conduit ( FIGi. 21 ) is provided in bolt 22713 at the juncture of I120C to direct gas energy for further weapon opera. thie rearwardly enlarging tapered recoil vent 227C and tron. Anl ejection rod 134 is slidably mounted in an apthe concave recess 227E3. crtured torward wAll 135 oif capsule chamber 121 to 'The ammunition rounds of FIGS. 22-26 are distinicaruardli, eject a fired or undesired round when the guished from the FIGS. 15-19 rounds in that the upper bolt( 127 has been rotated out of locking engagement At0 p(iion of' the capsule cylindrical chamber 203 has a and translated rearward M1-G. 8). The chamber wall lengthwise split or slotted wall 203C. A plurality of 135 is internalls recessed to normially seat the ejection cammning oi dimiple meanis 203E3 are provided oin the rod head 236. The capsule chamnber 121 has a crossinternal surface (if the pressure chamber portion 206 section of sub-staili ally rectangular configuration to re- 5 adjacent the slotted wall 203C and just rearward of ceive thc propellant capsuk. portion of the FIG. I 'pro~ectilc 107. This will facilitate the release and barrel round For firing of the 1` K6S. 2, 3, or 4 rounds, this chambering of thle projectile as the longitudinally tran.,transverse section configuration is substantially square, latable bolt 250 (FIGS. 27 and 28) cams the dimple triangula, or cylindrical, respectively. nieans 203E3 to spread the inwardly directed substanI he ammtunition rotinds of' FIGS. 9-13 are distinl. 60 ti~illi annular flange 240 and pushes the Projectile to its guished from the FIGS I-5 frounds fin that the upper final pre-firing position in barrel 260. Cylindrical barrel cylindrical portion I103A oif the thin capsule rearward 260 differs from barrel 220 in that an additional interwalls each have a press rfited blow out disc 103C or ii mediate internal recessed surface 261 is provided rearpre-formied weakened section irs defined by an internal Aardly adjacent the rifling 262 toi accommodate the recess 103V ( FIG 13i1 in the pressure chamber rearfrwv~irdntost portiont of bolt 250 in its firing posilion, 1 s an will po~rtions Trhe disc or weakened section 103C while it further recessed surface 263 accommodates the opcrtise *lv abgnis with the recoilless or partially recoilspread portions of split chnriiber will 203. The longiiules-. wcaipin iioil I127A (FIG 24) of the rearwardly dima! slot 271 of the rotational an longitudinally trans-

51

3,857,339

respective FIGs I capsule cartridges 101 into selected latable birvech mcember 270 is substantially longer than subst'antially ('-shapoed wine.s or clip portions of atlja%lot 227F. such that the Ills! or pin 227H1 on lNil 250) ou i mc niber 320 is ftormred Iri cent cilips 320. I ite link for it', minieldItIM Cifl stro ke I'lhe idat ed1C can hI:ae iMX011 ica me mber aind vontmu s ;a itted h ia k r ti~t pre site tot ward v ild (if bolt 251) hi- .1ftill wardl y oipe tin g , uiIc inu portio anid n ittelsects with ;Iici nc avo i-cc ess 254 ) sat istantiialI y str ight ine gra tii ci mm srrvfatck 253 that u itiSIit' alteriiait:y dispoised loIop ippt'i and ltiwet gilmi r' 1111t, so that the prw p1 ovidedtl On thendersid" 0.l 111%. portions 321. 3422, 323 adm1321IA, 322A. 323A. I he sure thainbci pot tutui 206 fluidly tmariunt 1icatcs gaIs t arte Itrinecu I(, enahie sinmultaneotus recep. tipper 141411p5 (it'projectile. vstnt passage 222C %till iliv iearw~i(id vil fion (if the cartridge caipsule cylindrical chamber 103 107 iii both thc l'l16, 27 clOScd breech ati l' 1:1, 2H re* cotllcss or partially recodlless wcaponi systcms. The lo .iirt projectile 1117 by loingitudinally spaced loops 323, of one link anti intermnediate loop 322 of an adjaicvarwairdly cnlarging tapcred recoiil vent 256 0 16 28 1321 CL'iit link, while lt'e substantially rectangular propellant InI bolt 250 intersects citircae recess 254 at the cifc c..ipsuile portion 1014 is clipped or received hy respective tive tecitilless rio/le thiroait 257. looip portions 323A. 321IA or the one link and middle I~he ammunition rounlds of' 1-l(iS. 29-.32 are each provided with a ii ngitudinally extendin g groove 10)41, 1 loop 322A of the ad'jaccnit link. Thc substaurtialls striuglir line type of cluster (FIG. 39) so formed can be of do, etail transvcrse configuration throughout the entiscd in the samie manner as the unitary rectanguilar amtire length of a selected propellant Caps .Ule chamber munition containers or clusters to be later described. will portion 104, as well as a rib or tongue protuber(Clip members 3120 can also cluster separate groups of ance l104NI of substantially sinirlar dovetail configuration along the length of anl oppilsed longitudinally ex- 20 cairtridges of FIGS. 9, 15. 22. The width of the straight coitmmoni port'itn oif the C'shaped clip portions can be tending iall portion. %'hereceach substantially simiflar i edu]ced surb that similar clips can cluster separalte round hais Its corresponding tongue and groove sir ):roups oif cartridges of FIGS. 2, 10. 16, 23 arswell as faces 104NI. 104L. Litending InIparIallel pla.nes. SUCCetH( IS. 4, 12, 18, 25. 'rhe clipping or clustering of stpaiNPesinir1lar cartridlge CIpNeS ilecn be intcgraity li'kctl I-V;S 33, 34t iniia suhsta-rtially straight 25 talc grioups of cairtridges of FIGS. 3, 11, 17, 24 can be or connected H( twcmplished where the pre-fornied slit,, (f the clip I lie corresponding di vetailv.il line cluster pautiter btlarnk are of sufficient length that the lower loops .aii tongue anid groove surlaces oif similar rou rds can alsi tic bent oir inclined to facilitate insertion of the rounds lie formed or orrien ted in non-.larallel planes. such that The integral or unitary intultiple cavity containers succcssrs~c similar capsule-, can he integrallN linked ort niatingly joined ito form an arcuatc or circular cIluster 3( 400A, 400R-, 40WK, 400D (FIGS. 41-441 Lire preferalil miadte of ferrous, non-ferrous or synthetic nmaterial piattv rn ort arraN I-IGS. -35, 36). Fach cluster may lit' iscylindrical form to contain a cluster of carttridge caplheld in an apt)ropria'c feeding andi stripping inediasLie portions similar ito the respective antitinunit iii nisi t(nor shown )which will enable the corresponding rounds (if FIGiS I-A. 'rhe annular container 400A has breech memiber to longitu~dinAlly translate each stripped round inito its weapon piosititon prior to rota' '35 aj central cylindrical opening 401 (FIGS. 41,451 and incluties ai plurality of circumrferemitially spaced ca itiies tional locking motion of the breech member. It is conthat are defined by imntegral cartridge capsule portions teniplated that cachi of the previously described rounds 402 each having ai'cylindrical chambher 403 and longitui. IFIGS. 5, 13, 19, arid 26) may be so dlovetailed for intedirally offset propellant chambier 404 which is intergi al linking or etiinliciing, purposes, and eachi fired in their respective weapons which cart be slightly altered 40(, conne'ctedJ by nierering orifice 405 at the rearmost edge if separating wall 40SA Orifice 4059 fluidly communiito accommodate the protiuding rib or tongtie. 'IThe cates the propellant chamber 404 with the pressure breech locking arrangement onl each of the respective chitnber poirtiion 406 of chamber 403 whose forward weapons also can be reliocated to a position somewhatI rearward to enable ihe forward poirtioin of' the hull tt b(arrel portion 408 slidl~iblv receives projectile 107. A have a cross-sectional shape similar or idlentical ito thart 5suiiiahle pi init:r 409 is sec'ured in anl appropriately retif thu partictilar cartridge ti be chianibered. cessed and apeiiituredl rear wall portion of each carA miidified ClU'IL r arrangernient('t 37) includes, Iridge capsuile potrt ion 402, preferably' al igned with proan irnntilar link ing menmber 300 (tt' substantially rearpcil~int chamber 404 that contains the desiredl propel. wardily opening U-shaped configurirtion (FIG. 38) hiavliii 111). An appropriate substantially' arnnular ring ing aI plurality of equally spaced arcuate or concave re SO shaped end wall closure 411 is suitably secured with ccecsses 301 along its peripheralI or Otutermuost iurface nient or the like it) seal the forward end of each prttpel302 to accommnodlate ;iii areriate uindersurface portion h;irit chamrber 404 having a rectangular transverse con(if the caplsule cylindrical chamber 203 on the 11(1 17 ligoration. (Containers 400B. 400C, and 4001) \4ill re. anirimitinition rounds, 'he iotunds arrc slid forward owo1 ( iiirc similar ring end wall closures that suitably seal the nicral link ring 300 at each recessed surface 301 .5 their respective propellant chambers of substantially such that the ring cradles eachi round at the rearmiit skIuare, triangular and cylindrical configurations. cecarance between its propellant chamiber 204 and proI Ihe central opening 4011 of each annular container jectite 107 or its suppoirtinig cylinder 203. It is contcni 400A, 40013, 400C, 400D, is slidingly received oin the plated that the ring 30)0 be formed to cluister sinmilar 60tiridrical stub 420A (FIG. 46) tht extends rearrounds from any oif the groups associated with FIGS. 5, wardly from the weapoKn housing 420B and parallel ito 13, 19 or 26 and :1-tat the cluster can be suitablybut substantially' oiffset or below the barrel 420 of the niinunted anti indexed on weapon syvlent cylindricafl closed breech wcap~on system for the FIGS. 41-44 cvsitubs (if the type to he later describeti with unitary and lindrical capsule c'ontainers or clusters. Preferubly. stub radially arranged antnrunitioin containers or cltusters 65420A has a tapered rearw'ard end anti is centralts IoI he nmodified cluster arrangement ( FIG. 39) employs% cated within ii'e rearwardly opening weapoqxn housing t J plu railo of inmdisiual clip rncmhctrs 320 ( FIG. 40) ainu i ' i will 471 Utofcilitate the reception of the cylin'-h bre art(. shutwn to be jtined Ii~r linked by insertion ot dric~il or annirLir containrers that can be deliveredi by 52

3,857,33')

thc longitudinally translatable breech means or blld it) barrel 420. The internal surface of the housing annu. 427 prior to rotation of tho: breech tot simultaneoiusly lar wall 421 is of appropriate dimensions that sufficient secuire thle opposed hoo~k tor locking lugs 425, 426 in clearance is provided fort lateral spreading of the split crngagcnient willh thle wvcapo. htitising lugs 423, 424. cylindrical chanibers 40.4 during the projectile barrell After each suc-cessive eai iridge caplsoile poirtioni is suit s cha~mberinlg opecrations. Ihc longitudinal slot 471 of ahl bi Ic in tit a fii ring posit it in by rineans not shi wii. thei ro tationa malo loni i git udinalIly trainslartable hre echI (PIG S. SO. $1 ). suich that the pin 427H din holt 4.50 can to fire the round. When all 411 the rounds inl the cluster hic accoimm.1ateci fo~r the intended full stroke of the or! container hase been lctire bolt 427 is rotated out (if fto bolt 'Ihie forwardt end of boilt 450 has a forwardly open locking engagement and translated rearward to pernir i g io/7ic surface 453 that intersects with a concave thle spent container to he replaced by another niulti rt-ckss 454 provided on the underside (if the holt so t hat capsule cluster or container-. ci~ch pressure chamber portion 406 fluidly comimuni. The multi-cavity amnmunition containers of FRIG. 47 (-.ties developed pressure gas from the respective pro. are distinguished from thv FIG, 45 ammnunition cylin 15 pellaint chamber 404 with the rearward end of the corderi in that the rearward walls ait' each cartridge capresponding p~rojectile 107 (luring operation of both the sule portion 402 have a Nlo% out disc or pre-formed FIG6. 53 closed breech and FIG. 54 recoilless or pairweakened section 403C ats detined by internal rees,, lially recoilless wcapor systems. The rcejrwardlv en. 403E adjacent the pressure chamber portion 406. Each larging tapered recoil "cu't 456 (FIG. 54) in bolt 450 recess%403E operatively aligns, with the recoilless ori 20 intersects concave recess 454 at the effecti% c recoilless partially recoilless weapon sharp edged nozzl': 427A niozzle throat 457. IFIG. 48) of the rearwardl ' enlarging tapered recoil The unitary or irntegraml multiple cavity aniniurlition vent 427C provided in the breech or bolt 427. (cluster 500 (FIGS. 55--57) is a rectangular prisnm which The ammunition containers of FIG. 49. that arc fired is made of materials simiilar to the aforementioned nitilin the fixed projectile, inserted bolt weapon systemns oif 25 ti-cavity cylindrical ammunition containers and inFIGS 50 and 51, are distinguished front the FIG. 45ecvJuhdes at plurality tor cluster of cartridge capsule pr lindrical clusters in that each cartridge capsule portion tions 502 that are integrally arranged in latcrall; 402 has its cylindrical chamber 403 defined by it sparced po~sitions across the prism as it i -ucccshi' cl*) throughl bore to provide ari open remtward end 406A nmoved ort fed transverselsl through the firing c~hamiber adjacent its pressure chambher portion 406 for r~eep- 30 5101 (FIG6. 58) tI a closcdi breech wewion svstemn h~i% lion of reduced tip portion 427(; ( FIGS. 50, 51 ) oin the ing an integral artangcment for the closed breech ot for ward end of the bolt 427B1 that is longitudinally, bolt and barrel portions 527 and 520. resptctiselh. translatable in the rotational and longitudinally transLach cartridge cirpsule poirtion 502 is very similar t'o latable breech member 427. Preferably, a rearward the cartridge capsule portions 402 of the FIG. 45 amnupper wall portion oif each capsule propellant chember 35 munition cylinder. Prefetably. a rectangular shaped or 404 is internally recessed at 404C to provide a pre elongated cover 511 is cemented to an appropriate reformed weakened section or blow-out disc 404A in the ceptaclc therefor extending across the forwardniosr full cunmmon wall that separates cavities 403 and 404. portions of the sliccessivpl arranged propellant chant. Whten each prinier 409 is at tuatedi or initiated. dccclbiets 404. While each of' the propellant ca' ities 404 in oped pressure gas blows Out the weakened sectic,n 1, 40 thle FIG. 55 elongated ammunition prisnm has been (list. 404A and enters pressure chambher 406 adjacent formied with a transverse section of' substantially reelthe cono-ave recess 427E provided in the forward face angurlar configuration, the propellant casities 404 of Of holt tip 427G. With bolt pin 427H slidable in longitu the rectangular prism mnay also be of substantiall) dmnal slot 427F of member 427, the bolt is withdrawn square, triangular arnd cylindrical configuration, and substantially simultaneous with indexing of the assoer- 45the end -wall closure or seal 511 would not require mod. ,rted immunition cylinaer by means not shown, arid ilication. when a replacement ammunition cylinder is required. 'Thle type of inulti-cavity ammunition prism 500A tiolt withdrawal is followed by operative disengagement mFu. 591 are distinguished from the FIG. 55 ammuni. and engagement of the breech or locking lugs 425, 426 t0 ion prisms 50) in that the rearward walls of each car. wtthwepnhousing lugs 2.Areoleso t21 ridge Capsule portion 502 for each of the prisms is pro. partially recoilless weapon nozzle 427A (FIG. 51 ) is vided with u blow out disc or a pre-formed weakened

4311of fidrip pin 42K will initiae the aligned prinier 449

liroti idcd in bolt 427B1 at the juncture of the rearwardly enlarging tapered recoil vent 4271? !id the concave recess 427E

503F operatively aligns with the recoilless or partially Themuli-cvit amuniionconainers of FIG. 52 -recoilless weapo'n sharp edged nozzle 527A ( FIG. 62) Lire distinguished from the FIG. 47 ammunition cylin. of the rearwardly enlarging tapered recoil vent X27C ders in that each cartridge capsule portion 402 has the provided in the bo~lt portion 527. upper portion of its cylindrical chamber 403 provided T'he type of ammunition prism 50013 (FIG. 60), that with a lengthwise split tir slotted wall 403S (FIGS . 52, ii)re fired in the fixed proecetile, inserted bolt weapon 52A), A plurality of camniing or dimple means 403T1A systems of FIGS. 63 and 614. Lire distinguished from the arc provided on the( internal suirface of each pressumo 1-16, 55 ammunition prisms 100 in that each cartridge chamber portion 406 adjacent the slotted wall 403`3 capsuile portion 502 has its cylindrical chamber 403 dejust rearward (if each projectile 107. This faciliitats the fined by a through bore ito provide an open rearward

section 50l3C as defined by internal recess 503E adjacent the pressure chamber portion 406. Each recess

release and barrel chambering of the projectile as the longitudinally translatable bolt 450 ( FIGS 593 iind .54) cams the dimple means 403 r to spread the slotted wall

andf ptshes; the proijectile to its final pre-firing position 53dinally translatable in hreech portion 527, A rearward

e,5nrd 406A adjacent its pressure chamber portion 406 for reception of' reduced tip portion 5276; (FIGS 63, 64) tin the for-ward end of the bolt 52713 that islongitil-

10 3,857,339 of 9c surface (if said ammuexterior by an carried a primer chambevr upper wall Portion ofechapsule propellant nition capsule btitdy for igniting a capsule propel404 is internally recessed at 404C' to provide at prelant charge. formed wvake:ned swctioni or blow out disc 404A tin tile 2. The structure in accordance with claim I wherein full komiinii wall that sell-iatcle cavitices 403 and 404. When each printer 409 tis actuated ten inlitiated, des-el 5 sail propiellant chamber has a transverse section of' suhistanuially rectangular configuration. oped pressure gas, blows oitit the weakened section or 3. 'The structure in accordance with claim 2 wherein disc 404A and cnters prtessure chanbihe 406 adjacent said( transverse section is of substantially square config. the concasec rekess 527F. provided ini the f'orward face uration. of bolt lip 527Gi. An appropriate pin ond slot confleetion (not shown) beywiecoi bolt 527B1 ind breech ptor- 10 4. The structure in accordance with claimn I wherein said propellant chamber hats a transverse section oif tion 527 enables the bolt ito be withdLralwie subistantlially seinitiltian co us with inidexin g tir feedinV tit hie assoc iatted 'i 4bs; anti ally ti iingul ar configurationi s. 'rthe sI ructure in accordance with claim I wherein ammunition prismi throug~h chaiiieler 501 by mecans no't %aiid propellant capsule chamber has opposed longitudi%hown, Holt -927H is list- withdrawn when a replacall nment ammetunition 'rIisi1I is;ic1.icitd A iccoillessIII pil- 15 nailk extendting cxternal wall portioins, one of said As /I 5 27A 1FIG, 641 is prei 41 hiotios having at longitudinally extcnding grooire and tiallN rec oilless %%capen nii,et illic tiher wall portion having a tongue protuberance oif %tided inl boll 52713 at thc lunctille of the rcierwaiidl vii largirig tapered recce u.vnct 527C and thle colit:iei I., a Siibstantiall% simjilar configuration atssaid groove 6. 'Thc strutcteire of claim 5 wherein said propellant cess 5M7 rhe Ispe of ammunuitiion litisin 50(K` (FtIG, 61 1 ae201 :hminer has a transverse section of substantially rectdistiiigiiishedi from the HO. 60 aleiteiiitioii pristiis tit an~gulahr configuration. that each cartridge cap~sulc portion44 502 has the uppe,(r 7. The structure of claim 6 wherein said transs erse portio (it~lf its cylindrical chambl.er 403 liiovil1cd with a section is of siibst-antially square configuration. lengthwise split or slotted wall 403S itrid ia plurality f 8 [ he structure oif claim S wherein said propeillant camming or dimple meains 413*1' aic protided (it) the 25ca~brla t(ases eto fsbtnilyti internal surface of each pres-sure chamber portion 4(6 chambear hasfigartronsvrescino btnilyti adjaenttheslotedwal 403 Jut iarwrd f cich 9. The structure of claim 5 wherein said grool~t e xproijectile 107. rhis; facilitates tb-.. tielcas and bairrl tends ito the rearward edge of said capsule. chamibering of the projectile its the longitudinally trans- j( jo. [hle structuc of claim 5 wherein said propellant latable bolt 550 ( FIGS. 65 and 66 cams the dimple .chamber hats attransverse section of polygonal configoumecans 401T to sp~read the slotted wall and lpuishc. the r 1(in projectile to its final piec-flu ing position tin barrel 5201. 1r.'Firen -cum5whri stutr dpoeln propellan structur of clfi TheIt inhena th fhircig chaide substaniialls of section transverse a has :hatilcr is501 chamberL olftefiringI ppioer surace TheinternlN di pplearanre siffiidi isabe that dimensionedon suitahlre n adpesuecabrp ofgrtin sided hor spreading of thle slotted walls. A suitable puij 35 sqir tion has means spaced from said primer for rearwat dlN and substantially long slot econnection (not shown) bfxhausting operaetively developed pressure gas therereeh 50 pn te ct 57 wll nabe hll twen nd blt longitudintl5motion ei the holti5505thrwill htii it ful from. logtendidnfal sotrone h h o W~e of' boltthogotits 55() .it 12. i he structure tit' claim 5 whecrein said pressure adpie o er a en pcdfo forwardly opening no//ht: surface 553 that intersec-.,4 biie wardily exhausting operatively developed pressure gas with a concase recess 554 piovided onl the underside thce.fretoi. of the bolt so that each pressure chamber portion 406 13. The structure in accordance with claimi 12 fluidl\ communicate,, developed pressurc Viii from) tti': wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse seerespective propellant chamtber 404 with the rearward end of the corresponding priijkectile 107 during operai. 45 tflo of polygonal configuration. 14. [bhe structUre in -accordance with claimi 5 wherein tion oft hoth the FI6. 65 closed breech and FIG. 66 ri.-a icarward wall of said pressure chamber portion his ecoilless Or partially recoilless sseapon systems. Tht: a pre-formed weakened section fur use with a recoil rearwardly enlarging tapered recoil vent 556 (FIG. 661 sent in breech micans of a recoilless system. in bolt 550 intersects ~cnerave recess 554 at the etfec. 15. The structure of claim 14 wherein said propellant live recoilless nozile throat 557. chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuVarioeus niodificationis, chmigeg, and alterations miays ration. be resoerted to 'A ithoeit departing tront the s~cope of til 16. The strtucture of claim 15 wherein said tranisves iniiention as de-fined by the appended clatims. sect tion is,oif substantially triangular configuration. I claine t17. The structure .in accordance with claim 15 I. An armimuitiemn capsuile comprising, wherein said transverse section is Of su.bstantially reelatuiutar capsule body hiasing ant elongated longitude, angular configuration. nall extendiiig c~ lindrical chamber. said chamber 1s. [bce Structure oif claim 17 wherein said t ransvelrse having itfi inward hill i el portion for slidably reeves Substantlia.lly' square conhfguntJilion, Ing it preojectile and ii pressure chuniler poirtioen ()ses tion is 041 19. The structure of claim, 14 wherein Said propellant aligned with and rearward of said barrel portion. chamber has attransverse section of polygonal configua one-piece impecrfoirate propellant capsule chamber ration. which reniains nuperforate ind is integral with and 20. The structure in accordance with claim I wherein laterall) offset fronm said elongated chamber, satid propellant chamber has a transverse section of Ito. Nitld propellarnt capsulev chamber having metering ore configuration, ri(ex, ine~ins for fuidlb coemmunicating the propel- -lygonnl 21. The slrnettire it) accordance with claim 20 l~int c;ipsitile chamlber %s4eh sieeel pressure chamber, wherein atrearward wall of said pressure chanther por. I

11
Iton has a pre.h nto itie

3,857,339

12

weakened ,cti.in lfir use with ,a recoil vent in breech ntcaus ,f a recoilless system. 22. I he structure of cliin I wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially square configuration, and said pressure chamber por- 5 lion has means spaced from said printer fur rearwardly exhausting operatively developed pressure gas therefrom. 23. The structure of claim I wherein said metering orifice means is a necked down passage interconnect- 10 ing said capsule propellant chamber and said pressure chamber. 24. The structure of claim 23 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially square configuration. 15 25. The structure in accordance with claim I wherein a rearward wall of said pressurc chamber portion has a pre-formed weakened section for use with a recoil vent in breech means of a recoilless system. 26. rhe structure of claim 25 wherein said propellant 20 chamber has a transverse section oif polygonal configo. ration. 27. I'hc structure in accordance with claim 25 wherein said propellant chamber has it transverse SC-tion of substantially rectangular configuration. 25 28. The structure of claim 27 wherein said transverse section is or substantially square configuration. 29. The structure of claim 25 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially triangular configuration. 30 30. The structure in accordance with c'aim I wherein wall portions of said elongated chamber and propellant capsule chamber are connected by a transversely extending wall, said chamber wall portions being trans, versely spaced from each other and having transversely 35 aligned operative port means defining said metering orifice means. 31. The structure of claim 30 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configU. ration 40 32. The structure of claim 30 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially square configuration. and said pressure chamber [iNx lion has means spaced from said primer for rearwardlv exhausting operatively developed pressure gas there. 45 from 33. The structure of claim 30 wherein said propellant chamber less has longitudinally extending external wall portions including means for connecting an adjacent capsule. 34. Ihe structure of claim 30 wherein said pressure chamber portion has means spaced from said primer for rearwardly exhausting operatively developed pres. sure gas therefrom. 55 35. The structure in accordance with claim 34 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuration. 36. The structure of claim 30 whcrein said port means includes a gas vent in said ci.,,'o1c,! chamber 60 wall portion and a pre-formed w,- *, ,. '.:tlan in said propellant capsule chamber wall '-, ,ti 37. The structure of claim 36 wiiicim said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuration 0 38. The structure of claim 36 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially square configuration, and said pressure chamber por-

tion ha', means spaced from said primer for rearwardly exhausting operatively developed pressure gas therefrom. 39. Thc structure of claim 36 wherein %did propellant chamber has longitudinally extending external wall portions including means for connecting and adjacent capsule. 40. The structure of claim 36 wherein said pressure chamber portion has means soaced from said primer for rearwardly exhausting operatively developed pressure gas therefrom. 41. The structure of claim 40 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygqnal configuration 42. The structure in accordance with claim 30 wherein an upper surface of said propellant chamber ha, a pre-formed weakened section. 43. The structure of claim 42 wherein said propellant t.hamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuration. 44. "he structure of clain 42 wherein said propellant ch:nmber has a transverse section of substantially sqntirc configuration, and said pressure chamber porlion has means spaced from said primer for rearwardl exhausting operatively developed pressure gas therefrom. 45. The structure in accordance with claim 42 wherein each propellant chamber has longitudinally exlending external wall portions including means for con necting an adjacent capsule. 46. The structure of claim 42 wherein said pressure chamber portion has means spaced front said primer for rearwardly exhausting operatively developed pressure gas therefrom. 47. The structure of claim 46 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuration. 48. The structure in accordance with claim 42 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially rectangular configuration. 49. The structure of claim 48 wherein said transverse section is of substantially square configuration. 50. The structure of claim 42 wherein said propellant ch;mibcr has a transverse section of substantially tri. angular configuration. 51. The structure in accordance with claim I wherein said pressure chamber portion has an open rearward end 52. The structure of claim 51 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuration. 53. The structure in accordance with claim 51 whcrein said propellant chamber has longitudinally exlending external wall portions including means for connecting an adjacent capsule. 54. The structure in accordance with claim 51 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially rectangular configuration. 55. The structure of claim 54 wherein said transverse seWtion is of substantially square configuration. 56. The structure of claim 51 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substantially tri. angular configuration. 57. The structure in accordance with claim 51 wherein said propellant capsule chamber has opposed hmongitudinally extending external wall portions, one of said wall portions having a longitudinally extending

55

.3,8X57,339 13
g rooian iid the o ther wall f
Itib erailnec tit a
lo t ion has'ing a tongue pro siibth~ant jal ly

14
~imiulai
co nfiguirat ion
as,

78.TIhe st ruecture oi clairn I77 whefe in s~iid pri-4111111.1111 i g i ckii; 1 ber has a I r: isve rse sect ion o(it' I'kll gol cofll
IMat i ii

"~Aid

gito ive

74). 1lie structure of elLimit 77 whe-rein said propctiiit 1lie stlliii'111. ill' claiml 57 wilicilii said Irtoliillaiit 5M4. elamhvi has it tiaiisvcise sectitil liii pilygoinal colhifit1 5 ehimniber has loingitudinially extendling exteriial wall poi rtions including means for connecting an adjacent ration. 59.1I he structure of'claim 57 wheirein said propellant capsule. 80. The structure in accordance With claimi 77 chamnber his a transverse section of~ substantially reetwherein -aid propellant chamber has a transverse ecCangular conf(igurat ion, 60. [he structure of elaimi 59 wherein said transverse 10ti t n of substantially rectangular configuration. svctitin is of substantially %quiart: ciinfiguration. H"l. e structure of claim 80 wherein satid transs crC 61. the strLIleure tit claini .57 s% herein saiid propellant NsktiOn) is Of Su~bstantially square configuration, e aimmlher h as a trail werse sectiootit'o substantiallyt i 82. The structure of claim 77 wherein saiid propellant angular con fi gulration. chaniher has, attruns\serse section of sub-.tantiall, tin62. [he structure tit accordaince: with claimi 51 1 angular configuration. whlereini an ulppei snit~ifce of said propellant chambier 83.1[he structure of claimn 71 wherein said elongated has a pie-formied weaikened secation. cblimber has a longiludinaill slotted wall portion. 0.1. 1he st ruettireC in awcni danlce with claim 62 944. 1le structure Ill claini 83 whereiin said poipeLAnmt
Wherein said prolvlclmiit ch~tiiifber has .1 transverse set ho it'lu sihsutantiialll rectanigullar cionfiguratiton2 64. [lie stilictuit: ofcf.iiii 6.3 %Aliviciinsaid transselse %tihst~int lie o 65.eeio1 chambeir has a tralisversc section of r-silygonal confitgul'i.

85. 1 lie stiuictlitrc(of claiii 83 wherein ecwh propel.

;;itt chamber hais lon1gituldinlly.1I exttending esteII;iil %%JIil portitills illcluldiig nicans for connecting ti an id~~iaen calisule. 80. [he structure tiii acc ordanlce Withli clilill 8.1 %herein said proplliant capsule chamber has opposedCL longitudinally emtending externial waill porlitmns, onei of

65.I le iajm srucureof 6 wle-rui .ai prpelant

l .ii

ciii~lgusatidron %lure

el..1

chaniber has at tijilsseise sectionl (iftsubstantially tit anguar ontgurtitn.)S miguar cnfigratin. 66. [lie strniltuvtit' o cl.iinii 62 wherevin s.aid prilpellail chaniher ha1S attratilserSe Se'tion i'll poilygtonal configui-

67. 1lie structure tof claim 62 wherein each proel said wa ite portions haigavoniuinglyC \ll ttendging it tigi ai~ crii Lint chamiher has lon1gitudinially ekiending external waill 30 groove adteohrwl portons ncldingillans r conecing n ajacelt uheiaiiee of' a substantiall\ simiila r coiifigtiration ;is porionslC inldn 68rul. 1 stutr ncaidr oucig dlailIweensd ilajcclt tieln
10

87. Tbe structure ini

girlote.

iccordance with elaiini 86

chamber has, loiigiiiidinall c:aplsule

exteniding exterval waill

portions inceludinlg lucius It r coniletiilig an .idjceit1 -tiri th0

69. [lhe sliucture tii ,iccordaince with clain 68 wherein said coinnecting nivins is partially defined b% at longitudinal~l) esicunding gromits iii one of' saidiester,
ll] portions. said grous~e exteiidiiig tol the rearward 4l1 iial %is edge of Said Capsule. 70. [1lie struettiletif claini 69 wherein a rearwairt wall tifsaiid pressure. chaiimbvir potionrii has a jirc-firmeil velit in breech weak ced scetio n for use With aI red ~il 4 oft a rcdotlh'ss, %ysteiii nicis 71. 'Ihe structure til clim 52 ssliercii inwardly pit truding ainpipl niciins are locited (in the interiial sinl (1ice O sid ,it( prssure chmiihier portion. 72. 1 he structure of claiiii 71 xherein said pri pellanti chamber has a tranisverse Seetitmli floVgonlal p COulfiguI rat ion 73. the structiure in atcord;iiice with claim 71 is heem eii ach propellanit chambher has ltmngituidinallv exlenin~lig exteriial will portions incIluding mecans for con heeling 01n adtaCeiii capsule 74. Thec structuic (if' claimi 73 is bereuin uwardly dicci~ti flaige lciels are prmi;ded ton the lorwird eind ji) milt lliiirel piortioni 75. 1 lie strucitueif co 11111i 74 wherein S,iid proliellill1t shmilihci hi 1tai'cs sciiit ilgita tng
null 'ii

adPtplatcabrhs. iis rese 'lci~ oiiiii 88. he structure of clatim 86 wherein saidk pi opllalt~ii ltbrhaatrisereeconifssinil caiigiilar configuratioln 89. [-le structtirc (if claimi 88 wherein saiid tij.\iii-scis
,ectionl is of suhstaintially square eoi f iguritwini.

iii

90).1 thc structure of claimi 86 whecrein said prop~lmiti th;iiiiei has, a ttiansvci se section (if' suhst~initiall\ fiimigulai etiifigurat loll. 91. '[hec structure tii lecoi .aincc Witlli claim iiiX Whiereini inl upper suirface of said liropellant ch~inut'cr hlas, I re-filrnied wecikeied section 92. Thbe structuiet: of lailil 91 wherein saidLpripc~l~iiii li1,nnbeicl has;a ti.1iiisvcscsection of pol~gonial ctnlifgul.
.ltOioi.

76. 1lie sitrucitiftc of claimi 74 wherein each propel Lint chalioher has liiiiiiu illy ending external Willi portion% Including meiiis ton cimlilecting an aitj;icentl
c-ajlsille

77. 1Ilhi stmlcii (d li.iriiheic has ;I ligtdu

i imm 74I Mit-ircmNii( 5.11 iliigiilc

"Isslttd ";Ill
boitioln

93. ]*he stitudture tii accordance Witli clai 91i wherein said propellant chamlber has a trarisserse: see lionl of substantially rectaniiguIlar con figu rat ioni. 94. [he st ructuie oif c aimi 93 wherein said trailsi erw Ses, tion1 is (if substantially squaire etmnfigumirton 95. 1ic structure of' elainl ! whciein ;mid pressiti clianibei portion has meanIls spaced from said primler for ivan i\%;itLII exhausting operativel\ des eloped pres stiile gals therefroimi 96. [lie structure Ill .iecordlancc s%,tit elaini1 8.1 ditielil mli tipper surfaice of' said propellant chamilbet li~i,, i p re -foinmic weakenied section, a iid said pro pel 1,it Chaniiihr hlas ii tinssnsecw sectionll ofplllygotil coinfiguratioii 97. Th Ijtrkictutv If clmiiii 96 wherein said propciellin t,lliillc ch;iiibei his oipposed iiingiiiuldmlnkl\tesmeidig tsitciia 111' Isll li)01ls 01lV s1aid wsill portiion, h~isuIng a1 lomguiili'aiy 1scittigroose and the othert skill

56

15

3,857,339

16

portion having a tongue protuberance of a substantially similar configratin as s.iid grove 98. Ihe structure of claim 96 wherein wall portions of said elongated chamber and propellant capsule chamber are connected by a transversely extending wall, said chamher wall portions being transversely spaced from each other and having transversely aligned operative port mean% defining said metering orifice means 99. The structure in accordance with Alaim 96 I,
whe rein said propellant chanihci ha, a transverse ,ec-

tion of substantially rectangular configuration. 100. The structure of claim 99 wherein said trans. verse section is of substantially square configuration. 101. The structure of claim 96 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of substanially, triangular configuration. 102. The structure of claim 95 wherein said propellant chamber has a transverse section of polygonal configuration.

15

20

25

35

4.)

45

50)

55

6,4)

('5

!'

APPENDIX B Firing Data

Representative

58

APPENDIX B Representative Muzzle Velocity Weapon Belgian LAR (Modified) Firing Data Chamber Pressure (KPSI) 45.0 44.5 50.0 43.0 39.5 43.5 Bolt Cavity Pressure (KPSI) N

Rd No. 391 392 393 394 395 396 397

(fps)
3007 2966 3226 3262 3134 3028 3222 v = 3121

"

= 44.2

398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405

Belgian LAR (Modified)

2972 2874 3040 322o 3037 3166 3046 3105 v = 3059

44.5 48.0 41.5 41.5 44.5 44.5 44.5 43.0 P = 44.0 N it " " "

"
if

"

406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414

M-16 Al (Modified)

3218
-

3169 3249 3211 3323 3174 3271 3213 v = 3228

16.5 15.0 11.0 11.0 19.5 19.5 20.0

19.5 19.5 19.5 P

16.8

Not Measured

59

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10 ii 12 13

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17 18
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Commandery-

Director tf Defense Research and

lnginecring,, P, ntagon (Room Dr. M. Currie 31-:1006)

US Army 'IRADOC Systems Analy] vsi

Activitv At tn: ATAA-SA

Washington, DC Department

20301

White Sands Mijssile Range, NM 88002

and Commander US Army Armaments Command Rock Island, IL 61201 1 Attn: I Attn: 1 Attn: AMSAR-CG ANSAR-RDG ANSAR-RDT AbMSAR-RDG (MG B. Lewis)

of Defense Air

Munitions Requirements Development Committee Washington, DC 20301

Offlice of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development and Acquisition IHQDA Washington, DC 20310

(Mr. J. (Dr.

BKck)

Fischer)

1 Attin:
I Attn:

DAMA-ZA
DAMA-WS

(LUGC 11. Cooksey)I

(BG R. Wing)

1 Attn:

(Mr. Artioli)

Commander US Army Materiel

Development

and

Edgewood ArsenaL Aberdeen Proving Ground,

MD

21010

Readiness Command 5001 Eisenhower Avenue 22333 Alexandria, VA I Attn: DIBCCG'

1 Attn: 1 Att-n:
Cormmander

SAREA-DE-W,

A.

Flatau

SAREA-MT-T,

D. Katsanis

1 Atm:

DRCRD,

T.

Cosgrove

Aberdeen Proving Ground Technical Library, Attn:

Bldg 313

Commander US Atrmy Aviation Systems Command

12th and Spruce Streets St. Louis, MO 63166 Commander US Army Armament Research and Development Command Attn: DRCSA-RP-GS Picatinny Arsenal Dover, NJ 07801 Commander US Army Test and E'valuat ion Command Aherdecr. Proving (round, MD 21005

Aberdeen Proving Ground,

Commander Picatinny Arsenal Dover, NJ 07801 1 Attn: Sciontific Branch SARPA-CO-A,

MD

21005

& Technical

Info

1 Attn:

S.

Jacobson

Commander V'atervliet" Arsenal Attn: SARWV-*RD Watervlie r. NY 1218M

144

I
I

Commander

US Army - Harry DIamond Laboratory DRXDO-JTH ATTN: 2800 Powder Nill Road

Commander 11S Army Ballistic Research Laboratory Attn: Dr. Eichelberger

Adelphia, Commander

KL

20783

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD Chief, Research & Development

Department of the Army Attn: CRDSW Washington, DC 20310
Commander USATACOM DRCPM-MCV Attn: Warren, MI 48090

21005

Lake City Army Ammunition Plant Independence, Mo 64056

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 1400 Wilson Boulevard 22209 Arlington, VA

Commander
Naval Weapons Center ATTN: Code 4022 China Lake, CA 93555 Commander US Naval Ordnance Systems ORD-9132 ATTN: 20360 Washington, DC Commander RudL, Island Arsenal Atm IN: SARRI-LS %e)ck Island, 11. 61201 Commander HIIJ Air Force Base Ogden, UT 84406 Air Force 1 4a.crials Lahoratory Air Force Systems, Command Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Dayton, Oil 5433 Commander US Air Forge Armament ATTN: DLDC, D. Davis Eglin Air Force Base, Commander US Army Materials & Mechanics i-.search Center -t t t: Technical Info Division Watertcwn, MA 02172 Commnandcr US Marine Corps Attn: A04F; AX Washington, DC

20380

Commander US Army Materiel System Analysis Agency Attn: Dr. Sperraza Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 Commander Foreign science Technology Canter Attn: AI4XST-MCI Charlottesville, VA 22901 Defense Documentation Laboratory FL 32542
Commander

Center

Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314

US Army Armament Rsch & 1)ev Command ATTN: D)r. D. Gyorog, Dep DIr DRDAR-SC V-i-at iny ^ ....... l Dover, NJ 07801

145,,

Commander
Frankford Arsenal Philadelphia, PA I ATTN: ] ATTN: I ATTN: 1 ATTN: I ATTN: I ATTN: I ATTN: i ATTN:
1 ATTN:

19137

TD/107-1 ND/220-1 PD/64-4 QA/235-3 AT/228-1 TS/219-2 MT/2. -2

MDS/220-2 MDS-D/220-2 MDS-B/220-2 MDS-E/220-2 MDS-S/220-2 MDC-A/219-2 MN)E/220-i. lfJA-A/220 MDP-R/220-1 PDM-E/64-4

I ATTN: I ATTN: 20 ATTN: 1 ATTN: 1 ATTN: 1 ATTN: 1 ATTN: I ATTN:

3 ATTN: TSP-T/51-2

Printing

& Reproduction Division FRANKFORt) ARSENAL Date Printed: 7 March 1977

146