Homework #10 Solutions

5 problems

1. What is the angular speed of (a) the second hand, (b) the minute hand, and (c) the hour hand of a smoothly running analog watch? Answer in radians per second. (a) The second hand turns through 2 radians in 60 s, so = 2 = 0.105 rad/s 60 s

(b) The minute hand turns through 2 radians in 60 min = 3600 s, so = 2 = 1.75 103 rad/s 3600 s
3600 s 1 hr

(c) The hour hand turns through 2 radians in 12 hr =

= 43200 s, so

2 = 1.45 104 rad/s 43200 s

2. A merry-go-round rotates from rest with an angular acceleration of 1.50 rad/s2 . How long does it take to rotate through (a) the rst 2.00 rev and (b) the next 2.00 rev? (a) Let the starting moment be when the merry-go-round is at rest, and the ending moment be 2 revolutions later. If we assume that 0 = 0, then = 2 rev = 4 rad. The initial angular velocity is 0 = 0 rad/s, and the angular acceleration is = 1.5 rad/s2 . We want to nd the time, and we dont know or need the nal angular velocity . Thus we want the equation which does not involve : 1 = 0 + 0 t + t2 2 1 4 = 0 + 0t + (1.5)t2 2 8 2 = t = = 16.8 s2 1.5 = t = 16.8 s2 = 4.1 s (b) The time it takes for the wheel to spin four complete revolutions, starting from rest, can be found using the same equation: 1 8 = (1.5)t2 = t = 33.6 s2 = 5.8 s 2 Thus the time it takes to rotate the second two revolutions is 5.8 s 4.1 s = 1.7 s

3. A ywheel turns through 40 rev as it slows from an angular speed of 1.5 rad/s to a stop. (a) Assuming a constant angular acceleration, nd the time for it to come to rest. (b) What is its angular acceleration? (c) How much time is required for it to complete the rst 20 of the 40 revolutions?

Whaddya know, whaddya need? We know that 0 = 40 rev = 0 rad/s. We need t and .

2 rad 1 rev

= 251 rad, 0 = 1.5 rad/s, and

(a) If we start with t rst, we choose the equation that doesnt have in it: 0 = 1 ( + 0 )t 2 2( 0 ) = t = + 0 2(251 rad) t = = 335 s 1.5 rad/s

(b) Next we need , which we can get from the easy equation = 0 + t 0 = = t 0 1.5 = 4.48 103 rad/s2 = 335

Finally, we want to know how long it takes to make the rst 20 spins, so we have a new event here: 0 = 0 as before, = 20 rev = 125 rad. We dont know the nal speed, but we know the angular acceleration, and so 1 0 = 0 t + t2 2 1 125 = (1.5)t + (0.00448)t2 2 = 0.00224t2 1.5t + 125 = 0 1.5 = t = 1.52 4(125)(0.00224) 2(0.00224)

t = 572 s, 97.5 s There are two positive roots; which one is right? Well, if it takes 335 s to make 40 revolutions, it must take less time to make 20, and so 97.5 s is the correct answer. (The other answer comes in if the wheel keeps accelerating after it stops, rewinding the number of revolutions from 40 back to 20.) Notice that it takes 98 s to make the rst 20 revolutions, and 335 98 = 237 s to make the next 20; sensible because the wheel is moving a lot faster at the beginning. 4. Wheel A of radius rA = 10 cm is coupled by belt B to wheel C of radius rC = 25 cm. The angular speed of wheel A is increased from rest at a constant rate of 1.6 rad/s2 . Find the time needed for wheel C to reach an angular speed of 100 rev/min, assuming the belt does not slip.

Since the belt does not slip, a point on the rim of wheel C has the same linear motion as a point on the rim of wheel A, including the same tangential acceleration at . Since at = r, that means that A rA = C rC , where is the angular acceleration and r is the radius of the specied wheel. Wheel A has an angular acceleration of A = 1.6 rad/s2 , so wheel C has an angular acceleration of C = 10 cm rA A = (1.6 rad/s2 ) = 0.64 rad/s2 rC 25 cm

If wheel C starts from rest, then its angular velocity as a function of time is C = C t, so the time it takes for it to reach 1 min 2 rad rev C = 100 = 10.5 rad/s min 60 s 1 rev is C 10.5 rad/s t= = 16 s = C 0.64 rad/s2 5. Four identical particles of mass 0.50 kg each are placed at the vertices of a 2.0 m 2.0 m square and held there by four massless rods, which form the sides of the square. What is the rotational inertia of this rigid body about an axis that (a) passes through the midpoints of opposite sides and lies in the plane of the square, (b) passes through the midpoint of one of the sides and is perpendicular to the plane of the square, and (c) lies in the plane of the square and passes through two diagonally opposite particles?

(a)
1 2 1

(b)
2 1

(c)
2

2m

2m

2m

The moment of inertia of four particles, i = 1, . . . , 4, is equal to I = the particle to the axis. All four particles have mi = 0.50 kg. (a) All four particles are a distance 1 m from the axis, so

2 mi ri where ri is the distance from

I = (0.50 kg) (1 m)2 + (1 m)2 + (1 m)2 + (1 m)2 = 2 kg m2

(b) Particles 1 and 4 are a distance r = 1 m from the axis. Particles 2 and 3 are a distance Thus I = (0.50 kg) 1 m2 + 1 m2 + 5 m2 + 5 m2 = 6 kg m2

22 + 12 =

5 m.

(c) Particles 1 and 3 are on the axis, so contribute nothing to the inertia. Particles 2 and 4 are a distance 2 meters from the axis. Therefore I = (0.50 kg) 2 m2 + 2 m2 = 2 kg m2