Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Project Technology Report FINAL February 13 20146

NUMBERS, FAC CTS AND TRENDS S SHAPING THE W WORLD
Em mer rgin ng Natio N ons s Em mbr race e Int tern net t, Mo obil le Tech T hno ology y
Cell l Phones Nearl N ly Ub biquit tous i in Man ny Co ountr ries
FOR FUR RTHER INFORMA ATION ON THIS REPORT: Richard W Wike, Director of G Global Attitudes Research h Russ Oat tes, Communications Manager 202.419 .4372 www.pew wresearch.org
RECOMMEND DED CITATION: Pew Research Center, February, 201 14 Emerging Natiions Embrace Inte ernet, Mobile Tec chnology
EMERGING NATIONS EMBRACE INTERNET, MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
About Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project

Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project conducts public opinion surveys around the world on a broad array of subjects ranging from peoples assessments of their own lives to their views about the current state of the world and important issues of the day. Since 2001, the project has conducted more than 330,000 interviews in 60 nations.
Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project
Richard Wike, Director of Global Attitudes Research Katie Simmons, Senior Researcher Jacob Poushter, Research Associate Aaron Ponce, Research Associate Kat Devlin, Research Assistant
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James Bell, Director of International Research Bruce Stokes, Director of Global Economic Attitudes Steve Schwarzer, Visiting Research Methodologist Juliana Menasce Horowitz, Senior Researcher, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press
About Pew Research Center

Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. It does not take policy positions. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. The center studies U.S. politics and policy views; media and journalism; internet and technology; religion and public life; Hispanic trends; global attitudes and U.S. social and demographic trends. All of the centers reports are available at www.pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Alan Murray, President Michael Dimock, Vice President, Research Elizabeth Mueller Gross, Vice President Paul Taylor, Executive Vice President, Special Projects Andrew Kohut, Founding Director Pew Research Center 2014
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Emerging Nations Embrace Internet, Mobile Technology

Cell Phones Nearly Ubiquitous in Many Countries
In a remarkably short period of time, internet and mobile technology have become a part of everyday life for some in the emerging and developing world. Cell phones, in particular, are almost omnipresent in many nations. The internet has also made tremendous inroads, although most people in the 24 nations surveyed are still offline. Meanwhile, smartphones are still relatively rare, although significant minorities own these devices in countries such as Lebanon, Chile, Jordan and China. People around the world are using their cell phones for a variety of purposes, especially for texting and taking pictures, while smaller numbers also use their phones to get political, consumer and health information. Mobile technology is also changing economic life in parts of Africa, where many are using cell phones to make or receive payments.
Cell Phone, Smartphone Ownership and Internet Access

% who
Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q66-Q68. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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While the internet still has a limited reach in the emerging and developing world, once people do gain access to the internet, they quickly begin to integrate it into their lives. A significant number of people in these nations say they use the internet on a daily basis, including roughly half of those polled in Lebanon, Russia and Argentina. At least 20% use the internet daily in 15 of the 24 nations surveyed. In 21 of 24 nations, a majority of internet users also participate in sites like Facebook and Twitter (see here for a country by country list of social networking sites).1 People are using social networking sites to stay in touch with family and friends and to share their views on an array of topics, including popular culture, religion and politics. These are among the main findings of a Pew Research Center survey conducted among 24,263 people in 24 emerging and developing economies from March 2, 2013 to May 1, 2013. All interviews were conducted face-to-face.
Once People Are Online, They Engage in Social Networking

% of internet users who use social networking sites* No Egypt Russia Philippines Tunisia Indonesia Jordan Venezuela Nigeria Turkey Ghana Mexico Chile Malaysia Kenya Argentina El Salvador Senegal Brazil Lebanon Bolivia S. Africa 37 12 13 14 14 14 16 17 17 20 22 23 19 24 24 25 25 25 27 28 27 62 Yes 88 86 86 85 84 84 83 83 79 77 77 76 76 76 75 75 75 73 72 71
China 48 51 The survey also finds that using the internet like many other forms of communication * Based on those who say they use the internet (Q66) or own a technology is significantly more common smartphone (Q68). Pakistan and Uganda not shown due to insufficient sample size. among young people (see here for data on age Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q72. differences for several key technology usage PEW RESEARCH CENTER questions). In 14 of 24 nations, at least half of 18-29 year-olds say they are online. Internet use is also correlated with national income, as richer nations tend to have a higher percentage of internet users.
1 73% of internet users in the United States use social networking sites, according to a July-September, 2013 Pew Research Center survey. For more on internet and mobile technology usage in the U.S., see www.pewinternet.org.
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Similarly, smartphone ownership is more common in countries with higher levels of per capita income. Traditional cell phones still outnumber smartphones, although roughly three-in-ten or more Lebanese, Chileans, Jordanians, Chinese, Argentines, South Africans, Malaysians and Venezuelans now own a smartphone. People use their cell phones for many things, but texting is especially popular. In 22 of 24 countries, most cell phone owners send text messages. Mobile phones are also widely used for taking pictures or video at least half of cell phone owners use their devices for this in 15 nations. While making or receiving payments is one of the least common cell phone activities, it is much more common in the region where mobile money is a phenomenon Africa, and more specifically, Kenya and its neighbor Uganda. Nearly seven-in-ten Kenyans (68%) who own a cell phone say they regularly use their mobile device to make or receive payments. Half in Uganda say this as well. Meanwhile, even though only 29% of mobile owners in South Africa and 24% in Senegal say they use their phones for monetary transactions, these are still among the highest percentages across all the countries surveyed. Only in Russia (24%) do as many cell owners use their device for such purposes. In the 18 countries surveyed outside of sub-Saharan Africa, a median of only 8% use their cell phones for making and receiving payments.
Mobile Payments Popular in Africa

% yes % of cell phone owners who regularly make or receive payments on their phones Kenya Uganda S. Africa Senegal Nigeria Ghana Median in remaining countries* 13 11 24 29 50 68
* Median percentages based on 18 non-sub Saharan African countries. Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q76g. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Cell Phone and Smartphone Ownership

More than half of the population in each of the nations surveyed say they own a cell phone. Roughly nine-in-ten or more own mobile phones in Jordan (95%), China (95%), Russia (94%), Chile (91%) and South Africa (91%). Cell phone ownership rates have skyrocketed in the last decade in most of the nations where data on trends is available. The pervasiveness of cell phone ownership in these nations is in part due to a lack of landline connections. Across the 24 countries, a median of only 23% say they have a
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working landline telephone in their house, including as few as 1% in Ghana and Kenya. Instead, many emerging and developing nations have skipped landlines and moved straight to mobile technology. Smartphone ownership pales by contrast there is no country in the study where even half of the population owns a smartphone. Still, this relatively new technology is gaining a foothold in many emerging and developing nations. At least 20% have a smartphone in 11 countries. In every country polled, there is a significant age gap on smartphone ownership, with people under age 30 much more likely than others to own an iPhone, BlackBerry, or Android device. For instance, 69% of 18- 29 year-olds in China have a smartphone, as do half or more in Lebanon (62%), Chile (55%), Jordan (53%) and Argentina (50%). Education is also associated with smartphone ownership. In 10 nations, those with a college degree are significantly more likely to own a smartphone than are those who have not graduated from college. This is especially true in the Middle East in Egypt, for example, 72% of college graduates have a smartphone, compared with only 13% of Egyptians without a college degree. A huge gap is also found in China, where 83% of college graduates say they own a smartphone, while just 37% of those without a college degree say the same.
Texting Most Popular Use of Cell Phones

Cell phone owners describe a wide variety of uses for their devices. Large majorities in most countries say that they regularly send text messages. Overall, a median of 78% of mobile phone users across the 24 countries send texts, making it the most popular cell phone activity (other than making calls) included on the survey. Taking pictures and video is also a popular activity among cell phone owners, with a median of 54% saying they do this regularly. Compared with text messaging, though, there are a wider variety of responses to this question across the countries. Cell phone owners in Latin America generally are more likely than those in other countries to use mobile phones for this purpose. For instance, two-thirds or more of cell phone owners in Venezuela (77%) and Chile (67%) say they regularly snap pictures or shoot video with their phones. But less than four-in-ten mobile owners in Tunisia (36%), Lebanon (35%), Uganda (27%) and Pakistan (19%) say the same. A median of only one-in-four cell phone users across the countries surveyed say they access a social networking site regularly on their phone, although a third or more do so in Chile (37%), Venezuela (37%), Lebanon (36%) and Nigeria (34%). This is less popular elsewhere, with as little
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as 3% in Pakistan and 10% of cell phone owners in Uganda saying they regularly use social networking sites (SNS) on their mobile device such as Facebook, Twitter, and other countryspecific examples (see here for full list). Generally, this activity is more popular in Latin America and the Middle East than in Asia and Africa.
Texting and Taking Pictures/Video Most Common Activities with Cell Phone
% yes % of cell phone owners who regularly Access a SNS % 31 28 26 15 19 36 20 27 23 17 3 37 37 32 17 19 18 30 31 28 13 19 34 10 25 Get political Get consumer Get health Make or receive news info info payments % % % % 16 28 15 24 13 15 9 5 23 9 23 6 7 5 6 3 10 8 10 4 24 16 6 4 31 16 15 10 22 16 15 11 12 15 14 4 11 13 15 11 9 5 20 9 12 25 24 11 39 29 30 18 16 17 14 9 11 9 11 3 12 14 13 5 10 13 13 5 24 17 18 11 19 23 22 29 27 11 13 68 23 16 17 24 19 9 10 11 29 23 28 13 23 16 17 50 18 16 15 11
% Saying Take they own a Send text cell phone messages pictures/video % % % Russia 94 78 58 Jordan 95 71 48 Egypt 88 77 64 Tunisia 88 62 36 Turkey 87 60 41 Lebanon 86 89 35 China 95 80 64 Malaysia 89 89 51 Indonesia 78 96 46 Philippines 71 99 54 Pakistan 53 38 19 Chile 91 75 67 Venezuela 86 94 77 Argentina 83 93 61 Bolivia 81 70 53 Brazil 80 70 64 El Salvador 79 47 44 Mexico 63 82 62 S. Africa 91 94 65 Kenya 82 91 48 Senegal 81 75 59 Ghana 79 58 51 Nigeria 78 92 60 Uganda 59 62 27 MEDIAN 83 78 54
Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q67 & Q76a-g. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Other activities that are less popular across regions include getting political news and information (a median of 16%), getting consumer information such as the prices and availability of products
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(16%), getting information about health and medicine (15%) and making or receiving payments (11%). However, there are certain countries and regions where using cell phones to get political and other information is more widespread. For instance, getting political news and information is relatively popular among cell phone owners in Venezuela (39%) and China (31%). Many Internet Users Online Daily in
Emerging and Developing Nations

Getting consumer information, such as prices or availability of products, is not a very common activity among cell phone owners in any of the countries surveyed. Still, a quarter or more in Venezuela (29%), Russia (28%) and Chile (25%) say they do this regularly. Similar numbers of mobile users in Venezuela (30%) and Nigeria (28%) say they get information about health and medicine for themselves or their family. Making or receiving payments is one of the least-used cell phone activities among the countries surveyed, but it is much more common in Africa, especially Kenya (68% of cell phone owners) and Uganda (50%). In the 18 countries surveyed outside of sub-Saharan Africa, a median of only 8% say they use their cell phones for making and receiving payments.
% of internet users who access the internet daily Lebanon Jordan Turkey Egypt Russia Argentina Chile S. Africa Mexico Tunisia Brazil Kenya Nigeria China Indonesia Ghana Venezuela Malaysia El Salvador Senegal Philippines Bolivia 33 46 41 90 84 82 82 77 74 69 68 67 66 66 62 60 58 58 57 56 54 54
Internet Usage and Social Networking

Across the 24 emerging and developing nations surveyed, the percentage of people who are online varies widely. In six nations, half or more use the internet, at least occasionally. In contrast, 25% or less go online in Indonesia (23%), Uganda (12%) and
Pakistan and Uganda not shown due to insufficient sample size. Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q66b. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Pakistan (8%). People who do go online tend to become avid users. Half or more of internet users in most of the countries surveyed say they use it daily. Consistently, internet usage rates are higher among young people. In every nation surveyed, there are double digit age gaps between adults under age 30 and those 50 and older. And in 19 countries, the gap is more than 30 percentage points. Internet usage is also strongly correlated with income. Generally, the higher a countrys GDP per capita, the higher its percentage of internet users. The three nations with the highest per capita incomes in this survey Chile, Argentina and Russia also have the highest internet usage rates. Meanwhile, these rates are especially low in two of the poorest countries surveyed, Pakistan and Uganda, where roughly nine-in-ten never go online. Some nations, such as Kenya, Jordan, Egypt and Bolivia have more people online than might be anticipated, given their per capita income.
Internet Use Linked to National Income

% who use the internet* 80 % Argentina 60 China Jordan Egypt Kenya Philippines Nigeria Senegal 20 Ghana Indonesia Bolivia Venezuela Brazil Mexico Turkey Russia Lebanon Chile
Malaysia
40
S. Africa Tunisia
El Salvador
Uganda Pakistan 0 $0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000
CORRELATION: 0.80
$20,000
$25,000
Estimated 2013 GDP per capita (PPP, current international $)

*Based on total sample. Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q66. Data for GDP per capita (PPP) from IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2013. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Once people have access to the internet, they tend to engage in social networking. The most popular way in which people use social networking is staying in touch with family and friends. A near-universal median of 96% among social networking users across the 22 countries analyzed say they use SNS for this purpose (Pakistan and Uganda are excluded due to insufficient sample size). Sharing views about pop culture is also common, with a median of 73% saying they use social networks to post opinions on music and movies.
Social Networking Usage

% yes % of internet users who use social networking sites* % 86 72 84 88 85 79 76 86 48 84 75 76 83 73 77 71 75 62 83 77 76 75 77 % of social networking users who use SNS to Stay in touch with family/friends % 97 100 95 91 92 93 94 97 74 99 97 96 97 96 94 93 96 98 98 95 94 97 96 Share views about music and movies % 67 47 69 72 69 76 80 68 82 74 69 79 79 74 78 79 65 75 72 71 82 72 73 Share views about religion % 11 17 64 60 56 42 48 18 9 44 25 22 37 37 28 35 45 43 69 55 60 51 43 Share views about politics % 25 72 63 64 60 42 30 16 35 22 32 27 49 38 36 34 24 37 62 50 68 49 38
Russia Lebanon Jordan Egypt Tunisia Turkey Malaysia Philippines China Indonesia Argentina Chile Venezuela Brazil Mexico Bolivia El Salvador S. Africa Nigeria Ghana Kenya Senegal MEDIAN
Internet users % 66 57 47 43 40 41 49 34 55 23 68 66 59 49 45 45 28 43 33 26 37 34 44
* Based on those who say they use the internet (Q66) or own a smartphone (Q68). Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q66, Q68, Q72, Q73 & Q74a-c. Pakistan and Uganda not shown due to insufficient sample size. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Across 22 countries, a median of 38% among social networkers say they share views about politics using social media sites. While not as popular as staying in touch with friends or sharing music and movies, political discourse online is particularly popular in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. In Lebanon, 72% of social networkers say they share views about politics. Six-in-ten or more in Egypt (64%), Jordan (63%) and Tunisia (60%) say they talk about politics on social networks. This activity is also popular in Kenya (68%) and Nigeria (62%). Religion, like politics, is not at the top of the list of topics for social network users in emerging and developing nations. A median of 43% say they share views about religion on websites like Facebook and Twitter. But again, this activity is more popular in the Middle East and subSaharan Africa. Six-in-ten or more social networkers in Nigeria (69%), Jordan (64%), Egypt (60%), and Kenya (60%) share views about religion online. Elsewhere in Asia and Latin America, the practice is less common.
Social Networks Reveal Political Beliefs, Sometimes

% of social networking users who learned that someones political beliefs were different than they thought, based on something they posted on a social networking site No Venezuela Kenya El Salvador Malaysia Mexico Ghana Nigeria Brazil S. Africa Argentina Bolivia Senegal Tunisia Lebanon Indonesia Chile Philippines Russia Egypt China 62 50 59 66 63 71 69 40 41 37 44 48 53 51 48 49 39 29 22 27 61 60 59 57 56 54 50 45 45 43 41 37 36 36 28 26 24 22 Yes 74 67
For many in emerging and developing nations, Jordan 80 19 online political dialogue leads to discoveries Turkey 73 15 about the political leanings of people they know. In nine countries, half or more of social Based on those who say they use social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, etc. (Q72). Pakistan and Uganda not shown due networkers say they have learned that to insufficient sample size. someones political beliefs were different than Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q75. they thought, based on something that person PEW RESEARCH CENTER posted on a site like Facebook or Twitter. This type of discovery is particularly common in subSaharan Africa and Latin America. It happens less often in Egypt, China, Jordan and Turkey.
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Appendix
Country Specific Examples of Smartphones and Social Networking Sites

Country Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile China Egypt El Salvador Ghana Indonesia Jordan Kenya Lebanon Malaysia Mexico Nigeria Pakistan Philippines Russia Senegal S. Africa Tunisia Turkey Uganda Venezuela Q68 (Smartphones) Q72 (Social Networking Sites) iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Sonico, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, etc. Facebook, Twitter, Orkut , etc. iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry, Lenovo music phone, Samsung, HTC, Facebook, kaixin.com, renren.com, Myspace, and other brands of smart phones microblogging iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, etc. Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Instagram iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, Nokia Asha, HTC Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter, etc. iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc. iPhone, Blackberry, HTC, Samsung Galaxy, Android phones Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Google+, Instagram iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc. iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, etc. Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Instagram iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, etc. Facebook, Twitter, Naira land, etc. iPhone, Blackberry, etc. Facebook, Orkut iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung S3, Sony Ericsson Xperia, HTC Facebook, Twitter, Plurk, Google+, LinkedIn iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, HTC Facebook, Odnoklassniki, Vkontakte, Moikrug iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter iPhone, Blackberry, Samsung Galaxy, Nokia E5 Hi5, Facebook, Twitter, Myspace iPhone, Blackberry Facebook, Twitter, etc. iPhone, Blackberry, Android Facebook, Twitter, etc.
Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Selected Age Break Tables

Below are selected age break tables for internet access, social networking usage, and cell phone and smartphone ownership, all based on total sample. Significant differences are represented by bolded figures.
Internet Access by Age

% who access the internet or own a smartphone Oldestyoungest gap -77 -62 -58 -57 -56 -55 -55 -54 -53 -51 -48 -44 -42 -42 -41 -37 -37 -35 -33 -27 -22 -13 -12
Social Networking by Age

% who use online social networking sites Oldestyoungest gap -64 -64 -62 -62 -58 -58 -56 -54 -53 -48 -47 -46 -45 -44 -39 -38 -37 -35 -30 -27 -26 -11 -5
18-29 % China Lebanon Tunisia Malaysia Russia Argentina Bolivia Brazil Jordan Venezuela Turkey Egypt Chile Mexico Nigeria Philippines Indonesia El Salvador Senegal Ghana S. Africa Uganda Pakistan 92 81 70 76 92 92 70 72 67 79 67 63 85 65 45 52 43 45 46 38 46 18 14
30-49 % 55 67 31 46 82 77 39 54 43 63 37 39 71 47 31 33 17 27 33 18 51 9 5
50+ % 15 19 12 19 36 37 15 18 14 28 19 19 43 23 4 15 6 10 13 11 24 5 2
18-29 % Russia Lebanon Argentina Malaysia Venezuela Tunisia China Bolivia Chile Brazil Turkey Egypt Jordan Mexico Indonesia Philippines Nigeria El Salvador S. Africa Ghana Senegal Uganda Pakistan 89 69 80 68 73 64 59 58 77 58 60 61 57 58 40 48 39 39 35 32 37 12 6
30-49 % 70 46 57 32 52 25 21 24 53 38 25 32 35 34 13 28 25 17 32 12 22 4 2
50+ % 25 5 18 6 15 6 3 4 24 10 13 15 12 14 1 10 2 4 5 5 11 1 1
Based on total sample. Kenya not shown due to insufficient sample size. Bolded figures represent significant differences between 1829 year-olds and 50+. Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q66 & Q68. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Based on total sample. Kenya not shown due to insufficient sample size. Bolded figures represent significant differences between 1829 year-olds and 50+. Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey. Q72. PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Cell Phone Ownership by Age

% who own a cell phone Oldestyoungest gap -37 -37 -35 -27 -26 -26 -23 -23 -20 -19 -18 -18 -18 -15 -13 -13 -13 -13 -11 -10 -10 -8 -3
Smartphone Ownership by Age

% who own a smartphone Oldestyoungest gap -62 -48 -43 -39 -38 -34 -34 -33 -32 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -17 -17 -17 -15 -15 -11 -7 -6 -4
18-29 % Philippines Mexico Indonesia Bolivia Malaysia Argentina Turkey Brazil El Salvador Senegal Tunisia Nigeria Pakistan Chile China S. Africa Lebanon Ghana Venezuela Russia Egypt Uganda Jordan 83 75 90 89 98 92 98 87 86 86 94 82 58 96 99 94 90 88 88 98 92 59 95
30-49 % 77 72 79 86 94 92 86 87 82 84 90 80 51 96 97 94 91 76 90 98 86 62 95
50+ % 46 38 55 62 72 66 75 64 66 67 76 64 40 81 86 81 77 75 77 88 82 51 92
China Lebanon Jordan Russia Malaysia Argentina Venezuela Chile Turkey Mexico Nigeria Tunisia Brazil Ghana S. Africa Egypt Bolivia Philippines Indonesia El Salvador Senegal Uganda Pakistan
18-29 % 69 62 53 46 49 50 45 55 35 31 24 25 25 27 34 32 21 24 18 15 14 7 5
30-49 % 34 55 35 25 30 37 33 41 13 23 19 8 17 8 41 20 7 18 9 12 14 2 2
50+ % 7 14 10 7 11 16 11 22 3 7 1 3 4 7 17 15 4 9 3 4 7 1 1
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Survey Methods
About the 2013 Spring Pew Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on face-to-face interviews conducted under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International. Survey results are based on national samples. For further details on sample designs, see below. The descriptions below show the margin of sampling error based on all interviews conducted in that country. For results based on the full sample in a given country, one can say with 95% confidence that the error attributable to sampling and other random effects is plus or minus the margin of error. In addition to sampling error, one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls. Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Argentina Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by locality size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 6 March 26, 2013 819 4.7 percentage points Adult population (excluding dispersed rural population, or 8.8% of the population) Bolivia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by department and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 12 April 18, 2013 800 4.5 percentage points Adult population (excluding dispersed rural population, or 10% of the population)
Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:
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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:
Brazil Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Brazils five regions and size of municipality Face-to-face adults 18 plus Portuguese March 4 April 21, 2013 960 4.1 percentage points Adult population Chile Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 4 March 19, 2013 800 5.2 percentage points Adult population (excluding Chiloe and other islands, or 3% of the population) China Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Chinas three regional-economic zones and urbanity. Twelve cities, 12 towns and 12 villages were sampled covering central, east, and west China. Face-to-face adults 18 plus Chinese (Mandarin, Hebei, Shandong, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Gandu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Shanghai, Jilin, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Beijing dialects) March 4 April 6, 2013 3,226 3.5 percentage points Adult population (excluding Tibet, Xinjiang, Hong Kong and Macau, or roughly 2% of the population). Disproportionately urban. The data were weighted to reflect the actual urbanity distribution in China. The results cited are from Horizonkey's self-sponsored survey.
Country: Sample design:
Mode: Languages:
Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:
Note:
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Egypt Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by governorates and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 3 March 23, 2013 1,000 4.3 percentage points Adult population (excluding Frontier governorates, or about 2% of the population) El Salvador Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by department and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish April 18 May 1, 2013 792 5.3 percentage points Adult population Ghana Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and settlement size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Akan (Twi), English, Dagbani, Ewe March 20 April 3, 2013 799 4.7 percentage points Adult population Indonesia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by province and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Bahasa Indonesian March 9 March 27, 2013 1,000 4.0 percentage points Adult population (excluding Papua and remote areas or provinces with small populations, or 12% of the population)
Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:
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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:
Jordan Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Jordans 12 governorates and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 4 March 23, 2013 1,000 4.5 percentage points Adult population Kenya Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by province and settlement size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Kiswahili, English March 13 March 30, 2013 798 4.3 percentage points Adult population Lebanon Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Lebanons seven regions and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 4 March 22, 2013 1,000 4.0 percentage points Adult population (excluding a small area in Beirut controlled by a militia group and a few villages in the south of Lebanon, which border Israel and are inaccessible to outsiders, or about 2% of the population)
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Malaysia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by state and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Malay, Mandarin Chinese, English March 4 April 3, 2013 822 4.3 percentage points Adult population (excluding difficult to access areas in Sabah and Sarawak, or about 7% of the population) Mexico Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 4 March 17, 2013 1,000 4.1 percentage points Adult population Nigeria Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo March 6 April 4, 2013 1,031 4.0 percentage points Adult population (excluding Borno, Yobe and some areas in Taraba, or about 5% of the population)
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Pakistan Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by province and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Urdu, Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi March 11 March 31, 2013 1,201 4.3 percentage points Adult population (excluding the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, GilgitBaltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir for security reasons as well as areas of instability in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [formerly the North-West Frontier Province] and Baluchistan, or roughly 18% of the population). Disproportionately urban. The data were weighted to reflect the actual urbanity distribution in Pakistan. Philippines Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilonggo, Ilocano, Bicolano March 10 April 3, 2013 804 4.5 percentage points Adult population Russia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Russias eight regions plus Moscow and St. Petersburg and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Russian March 5 March 21, 2013 996 3.6 percentage points Adult population (excluding High North regions, the Chechen Republic, and the Ingush Republic, or about 3% of the population)
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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:
Senegal Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Wolof, French March 6 March 30, 2013 800 4.1 percentage points Adult population South Africa Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by metropolitan area, province and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus English, Zulu, Xhosa, South Sotho, Afrikaans March 18 April 12, 2013 815 4.1 percentage points Adult population Tunisia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by governorate and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Tunisian Arabic March 4 March 19, 2013 1,000 4.0 percentage points Adult population Turkey Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by the 26 regions (based on geographical location and level of development (NUTS 2)) and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Turkish March 5 March 24, 2013 1,000 7.7 percentage points Adult population
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Uganda Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Luganda, English, Runyankole/Rukiga, Luo, Runyoro/Rutoro, Ateso, Lugbara March 15 March 29, 2013 800 4.3 percentage points Adult population Venezuela Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and parish size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 15 April 27, 2013 1,000 3.5 percentage points Adult population (excluding remote areas, or about 4% of population)
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PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project 2013 Spring Survey Topline Results February 13, 2014 Release
Methodological notes: Survey results are based on national samples. For further details on sample designs, see Survey Methods section. Due to rounding, percentages may not total 100%. The topline total columns show 100%, because they are based on unrounded numbers. Since 2007, the Global Attitudes Project has used an automated process to generate toplines. As a result, numbers may differ slightly from those published prior to 2007. Spring, 2011 survey in Pakistan was fielded before the death of Osama bin Laden (April 10 April 26), while the Late Spring, 2011 survey was conducted afterwards (May 8 May 15). For some countries, trends for certain years are omitted due to differences in sample design or population coverage. Omitted trends often reflect less representative samples than more recent surveys in the same countries. Trends that are omitted include: Bolivia prior to 2013 Senegal prior to 2013 Venezuela prior to 2013 Brazil prior to 2010 Nigeria prior to 2010 South Africa in 2007 Indonesia prior to 2005 Egypt in Summer 2002
Not all questions included in the Spring 2013 survey are presented in this topline. Omitted questions have either been previously released or will be released in future reports.
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Q66 Do you use the internet, at least occasionally? Yes Russia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Turkey Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Egypt Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Jordan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Lebanon Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Tunisia China Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2008 Spring, 2007 Indonesia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Malaysia Pakistan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Late Spring, 2011 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 65 58 50 44 25 38 43 38 39 26 42 37 33 23 20 40 35 36 32 30 57 49 39 35 42 38 41 50 50 56 46 38 34 21 13 9 7 42 23 7 5 5 4 6 6 No 35 42 49 56 74 61 56 59 60 72 58 63 66 77 79 60 65 63 68 68 43 51 61 65 58 62 57 49 50 44 53 62 66 79 86 90 93 57 76 92 94 93 94 94 90 DK/Refused 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Q66 Do you use the internet, at least occasionally? Yes Philippines Argentina Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Bolivia Brazil Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2010 Chile El Salvador Mexico Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Venezuela Ghana Kenya Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 30 65 47 35 43 48 49 43 62 33 25 43 37 37 38 31 56 23 20 33 27 24 11 31 22 31 34 11 9 No 69 35 52 64 57 52 51 57 38 66 75 57 63 63 61 68 44 77 74 67 72 76 88 68 78 67 64 88 91 DK/Refused 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Q66b ASK IF USES THE INTERNET: Overall, how often do you use the internet several times a day, once a day, at least once a week, or less often? Several times a day Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 47 54 40 44 74 45 27 39 37 18 50 13 41 42 26 33 28 40 47 47 24 47 Once a day 30 28 42 40 16 21 31 19 17 23 24 20 25 27 28 34 28 17 15 13 22 21 At least once a week 17 14 17 15 7 28 24 25 23 30 21 46 19 23 37 21 26 30 26 24 27 18 Less often 5 4 1 1 3 6 18 17 22 28 6 21 14 8 9 13 18 13 13 15 22 15 DK/Refused 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 669 525 420 403 572 331 1665 209 334 244 536 323 461 513 256 442 558 239 292 358 249 307
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Q67 Do you own a cell phone? Yes Russia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Turkey Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Egypt Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Jordan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Lebanon Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Tunisia China Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Indonesia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Malaysia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 94 88 86 82 65 8 87 85 84 77 73 49 88 76 71 65 60 95 94 95 94 57 35 86 82 79 79 84 62 88 91 95 93 93 90 67 50 78 55 46 27 89 70 No 6 12 14 18 35 91 12 15 16 22 26 50 13 24 29 35 40 6 6 5 5 43 65 14 18 21 21 16 38 12 9 5 7 7 10 33 50 22 45 54 73 10 30 DK/Refused 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Q67 Do you own a cell phone? Yes Pakistan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Late Spring, 2011 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Philippines Argentina Spring, 2013 Summer, 2002 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Bolivia Brazil Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2010 Chile El Salvador Mexico Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Venezuela Ghana Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Kenya Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2010 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Summer, 2002 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2007 Summer, 2002 53 52 48 47 38 34 5 71 28 83 77 63 28 81 80 84 73 91 71 79 63 63 57 51 44 37 86 79 34 8 82 74 65 33 9 78 74 81 91 33 59 29 10 No 47 48 52 52 61 65 94 29 72 17 23 36 72 19 20 16 27 9 29 21 37 37 42 48 56 63 14 21 66 91 18 25 35 66 91 21 26 19 9 67 41 71 89 DK/Refused 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Q68 ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: Some cell phones are called smartphones because they can access the internet and apps. Is your cell phone a smartphone, such as an iPhone, a Blackberry (INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES)? Yes, smartphone Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 24 20 26 40 52 14 39 14 35 6 25 41 14 19 43 14 33 36 19 23 24 16 36 7 No, not a smartphone 74 80 74 60 48 86 61 85 65 91 74 59 83 80 56 80 67 64 79 76 75 82 63 93 DK/Refused 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 1 0 3 1 1 6 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 902 875 945 864 864 3080 777 740 617 567 688 642 771 719 630 644 862 663 675 829 649 741 471
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Q72 ASK IF INTERNET USER OR SMARTPHONE USER: Do you ever use online social networking sites like (Facebook, Twitter, INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES)? Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 86 79 88 84 72 85 48 84 76 86 75 71 73 76 75 77 83 77 76 83 75 No 13 20 12 16 28 14 51 14 24 14 25 27 27 19 25 23 17 22 24 17 25 DK/Refused 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 680 544 430 472 572 348 1811 225 390 277 556 338 469 542 280 470 593 270 326 382 269
62 37 1 100 379 Twitter not asked in China and Russia. In Spring 2013, social networking usage was filtered by internet access (Q66) and smartphone ownership (Q68). In the past, results were shown only fltered by internet users. Therefore, no trends for Spring 2012, 2011, 2010 are shown.
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Q73 ASK IF USES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: Do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter (INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES) to stay in touch with family and friends or not? Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 97 93 91 95 100 92 74 99 94 97 97 93 96 96 96 94 97 95 94 98 97 98 No 2 7 9 5 0 7 26 1 5 3 3 6 4 4 4 6 3 5 6 2 3 2 DK/Refused 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 593 448 380 396 409 288 880 189 289 238 416 236 342 420 214 355 490 215 246 323 203 240
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Q74a ASK IF USES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter (INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES) to share your views about a. religion or not? Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 11 42 60 64 17 56 9 44 48 18 25 35 37 22 45 28 37 55 60 69 51 No 86 55 40 36 83 44 90 54 51 82 75 65 63 77 55 71 63 44 37 31 49 DK/Refused 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 593 448 380 396 409 288 880 189 289 238 416 236 342 420 214 355 490 215 246 323 203
43 57 0 100 240 In Spring 2013, social networking usage was filtered by internet access (Q66) and smartphone ownership (Q68). In the past, results were shown only fltered by internet users. Therefore, no trends for Spring 2012 are shown.
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Q74b ASK IF USES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter (INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES) to share your views about b. politics or not? Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 25 42 64 63 72 60 35 22 30 16 32 34 38 27 24 36 49 50 68 62 49 No 72 56 36 37 28 39 63 75 69 84 68 66 62 73 76 64 51 50 31 38 49 DK/Refused 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 593 448 380 396 409 288 880 189 289 238 416 236 342 420 214 355 490 215 246 323 203
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Q74c ASK IF USES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: And do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter (INSERT COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES) to share your views about c. music and movies or not? Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 67 76 72 69 47 69 82 74 80 68 69 79 74 79 65 78 79 71 82 72 72 No 32 23 28 31 53 31 16 24 19 32 30 20 26 20 35 22 21 29 16 27 28 DK/Refused 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 593 448 380 396 409 288 880 189 289 238 416 236 342 420 214 355 490 215 246 323 203
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Q75 ASK IF USES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: Have you ever learned that someones political beliefs were different than you thought they were, based on something they posted on a social networking site, or has this never happened to you? Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 26 15 24 19 37 41 22 36 60 33 28 45 45 54 36 61 59 74 57 67 56 43 50 58 No 63 73 71 80 62 49 69 50 29 62 66 53 51 44 59 39 40 22 41 27 37 48 48 38 DK/Refused 11 12 5 1 1 9 8 14 12 5 6 2 4 2 5 0 1 3 2 6 7 8 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 593 448 380 396 409 288 880 189 289 40 238 416 236 342 420 214 355 490 215 246 323 203 240 53
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Q76a ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, please tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? a. Send text messages Yes Russia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Turkey Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Egypt Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Jordan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Lebanon Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Tunisia China Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Late Spring, 2011 Spring, 2011 Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 78 78 75 60 60 64 77 75 72 71 68 63 89 90 87 62 69 80 75 80 96 96 89 38 36 44 46 99 93 70 70 72 75 47 82 93 82 94 58 91 89 92 75 94 No 22 22 25 39 40 36 23 25 28 26 32 37 11 10 13 38 31 20 24 20 4 4 11 61 63 56 53 1 7 30 30 28 21 52 17 7 15 5 41 9 11 7 25 6 DK/Refused 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 885 857 902 885 860 875 763 713 945 936 947 864 817 821 864 911 3080 2953 3061 777 559 740 617 631 591 951 567 688 642 770 674 719 630 644 732 445 862 663 675 753 829 649 741 471
62 38 The wording ..other than making calls, was added in Spring 2013.
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Q76b ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, please tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? b. Take pictures or video Yes Russia Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Turkey Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Egypt Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Jordan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Lebanon Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Tunisia China Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Late Spring, 2011 Spring, 2011 Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2011 Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2011 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 58 55 50 41 39 44 64 56 58 48 47 43 35 31 33 36 31 64 49 54 46 38 51 19 13 9 12 54 61 53 64 62 67 44 62 70 61 77 51 48 31 60 59 65 No 42 45 49 59 61 55 36 44 41 49 53 57 65 69 67 64 69 34 48 44 54 61 49 81 86 89 86 45 39 47 36 38 29 55 32 29 32 22 47 51 69 39 41 35 DK/Refused 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 6 1 7 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 885 857 902 885 860 875 763 713 945 936 947 864 817 821 864 911 3080 2953 3061 777 559 740 617 631 591 951 567 688 642 770 674 719 630 644 732 445 862 663 675 753 829 649 741 471
27 72 The wording ..other than making calls, was added in Spring 2013.
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Q76c ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, please tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? c. Get political news and information Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 16 9 10 13 23 19 13 10 24 22 7 9 31 20 12 22 9 4 11 16 11 12 11 12 10 24 13 39 19 27 29 23 19 No 82 89 89 86 77 80 84 88 76 78 93 90 66 76 87 76 89 95 89 84 88 88 89 84 89 67 86 61 79 72 70 76 79 DK/Refused 2 1 1 1 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 1 4 4 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 9 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 885 902 885 875 763 945 936 864 817 864 911 3080 2953 777 740 617 631 567 688 642 770 674 719 630 644 732 862 663 675 829 649 741 471
Spring, 2013 23 77 The wording ..other than making calls, was added in Spring 2013.
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Q76d ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, please tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? d. Access a social networking site Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 31 22 19 19 26 27 28 25 36 29 15 13 20 12 23 27 3 1 17 32 17 19 17 37 18 30 25 37 19 28 34 13 31 No 68 76 81 81 74 73 69 73 64 71 85 86 76 84 76 71 94 97 83 68 82 81 83 58 81 58 73 63 79 71 65 87 66 DK/Refused 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 1 4 4 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 5 1 12 3 0 3 1 1 1 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 885 902 885 875 763 945 936 864 817 864 911 3080 2953 777 740 617 631 567 688 642 770 674 719 630 644 732 862 663 675 829 649 741 471
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Q76e ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? e. Get consumer information such as prices or availability of products Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2012 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 28 20 8 14 9 6 15 17 16 19 5 12 16 11 15 16 5 2 13 17 9 14 11 25 13 17 10 29 9 11 23 16 23 No 71 78 91 85 91 91 82 81 84 81 95 87 80 84 84 82 92 96 86 83 90 86 89 70 86 72 87 70 88 88 76 83 73 DK/Refused 1 2 1 1 0 3 3 2 0 0 0 1 4 4 1 3 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 5 0 12 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 885 902 885 875 763 945 936 864 817 864 911 3080 2953 777 740 617 631 567 688 642 770 674 719 630 644 732 862 663 675 829 649 741 471
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Q76f ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? f. Get information about health and medicine for you or your family Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 15 10 23 9 6 6 15 14 15 20 15 14 11 13 24 13 18 30 10 13 28 17 22 17 No 84 90 77 88 94 94 81 85 82 77 84 86 88 87 71 87 71 69 88 86 72 82 75 83 DK/Refused 1 0 0 3 0 0 4 1 3 3 1 0 1 0 5 0 11 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 902 875 945 864 864 3080 777 740 617 567 688 642 770 719 630 644 862 663 675 829 649 741 471
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Q76g ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER: I am going to read you a list of things people do on cell phones, other than making calls. For each, please tell me if this is something you do regularly or not? g. Make or receive payments Yes Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 24 4 6 5 4 3 10 4 11 9 11 9 3 5 11 5 11 18 11 68 13 24 29 50 No 74 95 94 92 96 96 86 95 87 87 89 91 96 95 84 95 74 82 86 31 84 75 68 50 DK/Refused 1 0 0 3 0 0 4 1 2 4 1 0 1 0 5 1 15 1 2 1 3 1 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 N= 941 902 875 945 864 864 3080 777 740 617 567 688 642 770 719 630 644 862 663 675 829 649 741 471
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Q192 Do you have a working landline telephone in your house or not? Yes, have landline phone Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Tunisia China Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 52 45 32 22 80 27 30 3 18 4 8 59 23 40 38 21 41 51 1 1 5 6 6 2
No, do not 46 54 68 78 20 72 70 97 82 96 91 40 75 60 61 78 58 49 98 99 95 94 94 98
DK/Refused 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Project Technology Report FINAL February 13 20146

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NUMBERS, FAC CTS AND TRENDS S SHAPING THE W WORLD

EMERGING NATIONS EMBRACE INTERNET, MOBILE TECHNOLOGY

About Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project

About Pew Research Center