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S1A1LLLSSnLSS, 8C1LC1lCn Anu 1PL
CPALLLnCLS Cl 8LSL11LLMLn1
rofessor 8rad k. 8llLz
klngsLon unlverslLy, London
b.bllLz[klngsLon.ac.uk
www.nauonallLyforall.org
Why do eople MlgraLe?
Why do people mlgraLe?
Mlgrauon ls a complex process
ueclslons based on parual lnformauon
ueclslons based on pro[ecLed ouLcomes
Pow we evaluaLe rlsks depends on resources,
percepuons of Lhe LhreaL and opuons.
1rlggers!
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ulsconnecLed Scholars
Compeung groups and separaLe fora
CllmaLe change noL malnsLreamed ln
mlgrauon dlscourse
8ulldlng brldges by lnvoklng sLaLelessness
ConLroverslal Lhemes
Meanlng of de facLo sLaLelessness
8eseulemenL posL 9/11
ue lacLo SLaLelessness
[u]e facLo sLaLeless persons are persons ouLslde Lhe
counLry of Lhelr nauonallLy who are unable or, for valld
reasons, are unwllllng Lo avall Lhemselves of Lhe proLecuon
of LhaL counLry. roLecuon ln Lhls sense refers Lo Lhe rlghL
Lo dlplomauc proLecuon exerclsed by a SLaLe of nauonallLy
ln order Lo remedy an lnLernauonally wrongful acL agalnsL
one of lLs nauonals, as well as dlplomauc and consular
proLecuon and asslsLance generally, lncludlng ln relauon Lo
reLurn Lo Lhe SLaLe of nauonallLy.
unPC8 (2010) LxperL Meeung 1he ConcepL of SLaLeless
ersons under lnLernauonal Law
Summary Concluslons. Avallable aL:
hup://www.unhcr.org/4cb2fe326.pdf
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8esearch ConLexL
ulsagreemenL over causes of dlsplacemenL
ConLesLed basls for lnvoklng proLecuon
Legal bases for proLecuon
8efugee Convenuon
LxLended denluon by uSC and oLhers
Appllcauon of human rlghLs convenuons
8eseulemenL and lnLegrauon
8eseulemenL lnvolves Lhe selecuon and Lransfer of
refugees from a SLaLe ln whlch Lhey have soughL proLecuon
Lo a Lhlrd SLaLe whlch has agreed Lo admlL Lhem - as
refugees - wlLh permanenL resldence sLaLus. 1he sLaLus
provlded should ensure proLecuon agalnsL !"#$%&"'"() and
provlde a reseuled refugee and hls/her famlly or
dependanLs wlLh access Lo clvll, pollucal, economlc, soclal
and culLural rlghLs slmllar Lo Lhose en[oyed by nauonals. lL
should also carry wlLh lL Lhe opporLunlLy Lo evenLually
become a naLurallzed cluzen of Lhe reseulemenL counLry.


unPC8 (2004), 8eseulemenL Pandbook. ulvlslon of
lnLernauonal roLecuon. Ceneva: unPC8. . 1/2 Avallable
aL: hup://www.unhcr.org/3d464b239.hLml
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CLher Approaches
uSA domesuc approach - wlder denluon
CLher bodles of lnLernauonal law
Applylng Lhe SLaLelessness Convenuons
8ole of unPC8
8ack door Lhrough un Commluees
Communal sources of proLecuon
Land banklng and prevenLauve acuons
CarLereL lslands
naLure of LhreaL posed
lnLernal mlgrauon and reseulemenL
Councll of Llders and +%&"&" ,"-./
volunLary relocauon
lnLegrauon and soclallsauon program
PerlLage and conservauon
CbsLacles
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1uvalu and klrlbau
LxlsLenual LhreaL
MlgranL ows Lo new Zealand
1errlLorlal acqulsluon
Skllled mlgranL schemes as basls for
negouauon
ConLrasL beLween labour mlgrauon schemes
and human proLecuon
Maldlves
naLure of LhreaL
Acuvlsm and presldenual leadershlp
nauonal AdapLauon rogramme of Acuon
(nAA).
Safer lsland SLraLegy
1ourlsm and developmenL
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Ways lorward
Self-rellance and moblllsauon of nauonal, local
and communal resources
MonLserraL, 1lbeL and oLher examples
Clarlfy lnLernauonal law - creauve soluuons
for proLecuon.
Advocacy, unPC8 and donor supporL
Concludlng 1houghLs
Moblllslng concepL of 'sLaLelessness'
Challenge of dlsaggregaung sLaLe and rlghLs-
based foundauons for Lhe proLecuon of 0$)1
lndlvldual and group rlghLs.
need Lo explore communlLarlan models
lnformauon, advocacy, and reseulemenL