DISCUSSION 1. Comment on how the results of the experiment compare with those calculated using theory.

Based on the result, we can conclude that experimental value is a bit different compare to the theoretical value. For figure 2, figure 3, and figure 4 the theoretical value that we have been calculated using formula (
( )

) is bigger than the experimental value. The values between theoretical

and experimental are not exactly same. This may be happen due to some errors such as this sensitive apparatus easily affected by surrounding and the wind which make it difficult to get an exact data. However, errors can be eliminated by repeated test at least few times in order to gain average reading. 2. Does the experiment prove that the moment at the cut is equal to the algebraic sum of the moment of forces acting to the left or right of the cut. If not, why ? Yes. When calculated the bending moment at the cut, the point of the cut was same that the value of x will be the same. Based on both equations, we will get the same value. This was the theory. 3. Plot the moment force diagram for load cases in figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4. Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

4. Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell you about how bending moment varies due to varies loading condition. From the shape of the graph, we know that the value of bending moment was depending to the location of load impose. Different load will provide different values of bending moment. When increasing the load, the bending moment will increase too.

The same goes for experiment 2, the result of the experimental are higher than the theoretical. When applied loads act along a beam, an internal bending moment which varies from point to point along the axis of the beam is developed. A bending moment is an internal force that is induced in a restrained structural element when external forces are applied. This may be due to some problems that affect our experiment : 1. The readings may be affected by the surrounding like wind or the apparatus were touched by the group member during the experiment. Thus, the digital force are very sensitive and students need to be carefully while doing the experiment so they will not get an error. 2. The error also may cause by rounded error or significant error. 3. There can be error in the practical readings, possible instrument error, reading error since the values keeps on changing for all the members. 4. The reading of the distance of load from support not taken accurately.

CONCLUSION By doing this experiment, we will be able to know about the relationship of point load of deflection to the bending moment which we can investigate the point of the beam may collapse. We also can assumed that in a plastic analysis the resulting of the strain distribution is linear about the neutral axis and the stress distribution is linear and is dependent on the beams material. Note that the deflection necessary to develop the stresses indicated in a plastic analysis.

RESULT No (N) (N) Force (N) Experimental Bending Moment (Nm) -0.175 0.350 0.338 (N) (N) Theoretical Bending Moment (Nm) 0.4317 0.324 0.324

1 2 3

400 400 400

0 100 100

-1.4 2.8 2.7

1.962 4.1282 4.0132

1.962 0.7768 0.8918