To Teach Is To Light A Life Forever

Teaching must be approached with a passion not different from loving. Teachers who display an intense love for teaching do inspire their students and infuse them with enthusiasm to take their learning seriously and joyfully. According to Aruppe, a teacher has to be in love for nothing is more practical for a teacher than falling in love with his calling in an almost absolute way. When you are in love with your teaching, it seizes your imagination, will affect everything in your life. It will decide what will get you out of bed in the morning, what you will do with your evenings, how you spend your weekends, what you read, what you know that breaks your heart, and what amazes you with joy and gratitude. We teachers are reminded to fall in love with our calling. If we stay in love, it will decide everything. es, teaching is tiring, but when we teach, it will light a life forever.
E ENJTE, 16 GUSHT 2007

!"es of S#""ogis$
1. Rules of Syllogism There are five rules that govern the categorical syllogism:

Rule 1: There must be three terms and only three the major term, theminor term, and the middle term. If there are only two terms therelationship between these two cannot be established. And if there were more than three terms this would violate the structure of the categorical syllogism. Animals are living beings. lants are heavenly bodies. Therefore! "tones are minerals. #inerals are stones. Therefore! A widower is a man. A man is either male or female. Therefore, a widower is either male or female. Rule 2: $ach term must occur twice in the syllogism: the major must occur in the conclusion and in one premise, the minor in the conclusion and in one premise% the

middle in both premise but not in the conclusion. There must therefore be a total of three propositions in the syllogism. Rule 3: The middle term must be distributed at least once. If the middleterm is particular in both premises it might stand for a different portion of its e&tension in each occurrence and thus be e'uivalent to two terms. All shar(s are fish. All salmon are fish. Therefore, all salmons are shar(s. #any rich men oppress the poor. )ones is a rich man. Therefore, )ones oppresses the poor. Rule 4: The major and minor terms may not be universal in the conclusion unless they are universal in the premises. If a term is distributed in the conclusion then it must be distributed first in the premise. There is an illicit major term if the major term is universal in the conclusion but particular in the premise: All horses are animals. All dogs are not horses. Therefore, all dogs are not animals. There is an illicit minor term if the minor term is universal in the conclusion but particular in the premise: All tigers are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all animals are tigers. The rationale behind this rule is that we may not conclude about all the inferiors of a term if the premises have given us information about only some of them. The (ey to detect a violation of this rule is to e&amine the conclusion. If there is no term that is distributed in the conclusion then this rule could not have been violated. If one or both

terms in the conclusion are distributed there is possibility of the rule having been violated. If a term is distributed both in the premise and the conclusion there is no violation of this rule. Rule 5: If both premises are affirmative, the conclusion must beaffirmative. The reason for this rule is that affirmative premises either unite the minor or major terms, or else do not bring them into relationship with each other at all. All sins are detestable. All pretenses are a sin. Therefore, all pretenses are not detestable. There is a need to be cautious about apparently affirmative or negative propositions: Animals differ from angels. #an is an animal. Therefore, a man is not a horse. Rule 6: If one premise is affirmative and the other negative, the conclusion must be negative. All crows are birds. All wolves are not crows. Therefore, all wolves are birds. "ome premises are apparently affirmatives but actually negative and therefore yield a valid conclusion: *ogs are not cats. +reyhounds are dogs. Therefore, greyhounds differ from cats. Rule 7: If both premises are negative and not e'uivalently affirmative there can be no conclusion. ,eptiles are not mammals.

*ogs are not reptiles. Therefore! Rule 8: If both premises are particular there can be no conclusion.