How do I cite a website? and How do I cite a web document that does not have page numbers?

Most Importantly Citations do not include the URL, the World Wide Web address, such as http://www.umanitoba.ca/nursing/studentarea/400.htm. Citing websites, E-journals, or other web based sources involves the same steps as citing print based sources, such as a textbook, book, or journal article (See: How do I quote? and How do I paraphrase?). However, citing from the web based source is more challenging because sometimes the information required for citation is not easy to find or is not provided. Follow the steps below to cite your web-based source To Start First, look for: The author(s) For example: Marcelo Perez The year that the information was last updated A page number An example paraphrase: Humans pass through numerous life stages (Perez, 2006, p.1). An example quote: Perez (2006) stated that the human lifespan includes several stages (p.1). Next Try If you do not find all (or any) of the above pieces of information in your web based source, then look for: The Name of the Organization, instead of the name of the author(s) For example: Health Canada, The Canadian Cancer Society, or Statistics Canada The year that the information was posted on line, instead of the date it was last updated The paragraph in which the information is located if you want to quote. For instance, if you want to quote information from the sixth paragraph, write para.6 in the place of the page number.

Created by Cosette Taylor, Communications Instructor for the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Manitoba, cosette_taylor@umanitoba.ca

An example paraphrase: The professional designation of nursing is Registered Nurse (College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba [CRNM], 2005, para. 6). Note: You only need to write the College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba in full the first time you use this source in your paper. Subsequent citations of this source can be written as CRNM. An example quote: Health Canada (2006) pointed out that healthy choices reduce the risk of many diseases (para. 2). Still Missing the Author, Organization or Date? If you are not able to find an author, organization, or date, carefully examine your web based source. Remember that it is important to use quality scholarly sources of information in your paper. In the Help with Writing section, check out the document How do I choose information for my paper?; go to Choosing information wisely. If you determine that the information is indeed from a credible, reliable, unbiased source, then you should use: the first two to three words of the title in quotation marks, instead of the name of the author or organization n.d. (no date) if there is no indication when the information was posted or last updated An example paraphrase: Caring is a core concept in nursing (Care in Nursing, n.d, para.1.). An example quote: The article, Learning Care (n.d.) examined the preparedness of student-nurses for acute care settings(para. 12). Note You may have to combine the different instructions above to write your paraphrase or quote. For example: Health Watchers (n.d.) have argued that more health promotion strategies are needed (p.5). Health Watchers = name of the organization (n.d.) = no date (p.5) = this web based source had page numbers

Created by Cosette Taylor, Communications Instructor for the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Manitoba, cosette_taylor@umanitoba.ca