INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Instructor : Miss Khairunnisa Jamaluddin E-mail : knisa.jamaluddin@usim.edu.my Telephone : 06-7988722, Office : FKP A2-042

1. Information Technology
2. Information Communication Technology 3. Information System 4. Computer 5. Data and Information

6. Components of Computer
7. Classification of computer

8. Assignments

INFORMATION
Conveys meaning and is useful to people

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information.

TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies.

COMMUNICATION
Process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions and information.
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This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums.
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http://jobsearchtech.about.com/od/careersintechnology/p/ITDefinition.htm

A System is a set of components that interact to achieve a common goal. An information System (IS) is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that work together to produce quality information.

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PEOPLE People are involved in every aspect of an information system. Direct users

Direct users of information systems are people who interact with and are in control of the system. All of Users are people who are affected by the the providers of the information services are direct information system. If people are going users. Example : system analyst, system managers, to survive in to day's society they must operators and data entry personnel. be users of information. Users can be classified as direct users and indirect users. Computer Uses Business Entertainment Education Medicine Indirect Users

Indirect users of an information system never use the system, but its use by other people and affects them. Example : supermarkets use an information system to complete an inventory of goods. When we buy our groceries we are not using the information system, but its use has affected the service we are receiving.

SOFTWARE Software refers to a set of instructions that tells the computer on what to do. These instruction sets also called programs which provide a means for us to interact with and use the computer, all without computer programming skills. Computer has two basic types of software : 1. System software 2. Application software System Software A collection of programs Enables the application software to interact with the hardware Background software that helps the computer manage its own resources Application Software End-user software where you use them to do tasks at home, school and work. Two major categories General purpose (writing letters, sending e-mail, balancing a budget, creating presentations) Special purpose (editing photos, specialized business, computer-aided design)

An electronic device
For data Processing Computer is a data processing device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory . Computer can performs four major functions :

1. 2. 3. 4.

It gathers data (or allows user to input data) It process data into information It outputs data or information It stores data and information

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IN COMPUTER TERMS Data is a collection of unprocessed items (raw facts) , which can include text, numbers, images, audio and video. Example : 1. Names (Aril Iskandar) 2. Date of Birth (11 Mei 1987) 3. Place of Birth (Perak - 08) 4. Picture ( ), 5. etc .

Information is data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion and is useful to people.
Example : 1. My Card 2. Poster 3. Database Record

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Computers process data into information in binary language. Binary language consist of just two digits : 0 and 1 (bit) Eight binary digits (or bits) combine to create one byte. (8 bits = 1 byte) In computers, each letter of the alphabet, each number and each special character consists of a unique combination of eight bits, or a string of eight 0s and 1s.

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Hardware is the electronic, and mechanical components of a computer that you can physically touch.

All hardware on the computer helps the computer to perform its various tasks.
These components include : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Input devices Output devices A system Unit Storage Devices Communication Devices
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Processing ?
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Storage?
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Input Devices is any hardware component that allows you to enter data (text , images , sounds) and instructions (user responses , commands) into a computer.
Six widely used input devices are the : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Keyboard Mouse Microphone Scanner Digital camera PC video camera (Web Cam)

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Computer Keyboard contains keys you press to enter typed data and commands into the computer. Mouse is a small handheld device to control movement of a small symbol on the screen (pointer), and you make responses and commands by any selections from the screen. Microphone allows a user to speak into the computer to enter data (input sounds) and instructions.

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Scanner converts printed material (such as text and pictures) into a digital form the computer can use.
Digital Camera you take pictures and then transfer the photographed images to the computer or printer instead of storing the images on a traditional film.

PC Video Camera is a digital video camera that allows users to create movie or take still photographs electronically.

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Output Devices is any hardware component that conveys information to one, or more people. They enable you to send processed data out of your computer. This can take the form of text, pictures (graphics), sounds (audio), and video.
Three commonly used output devices : 1. Printer 2. Monitor (display screen) 3. Speakers

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Printer produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper. Monitor displays text, graphics, and videos on screen. Speakers allow you to hear music, voice and other audio (sounds).

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System Unit is a case that contains the central electronic components of the computer that are used to process data. The circuitry of the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard.

Two main components on the motherboard:

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2. Memory

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RAM (Random Access Memory) Electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.

Central Processing Unit is the electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.

RAM keeps data and instructions temporarily (Volatile Storage) . Its contents are erased when the computer is shut off. RAM can hold multiple programs simultaneously.

It is sometime referred to as the brains of the computer because it can perform 3 billion tasks a second without error, making them extremely powerful components.

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Storage Devices records (writes) and/or retrieve (reads) items to and from storage media.
Example of storage devices : 1. Floppy disk drive 2. USB flash drives 3. CD / DVD drives 4. Hard disks 5. Card reader / writer

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A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media.

Example of storage media : 1. Floppy disks 2. USB flash drives 3. Hard disks 4. CDs 5. DVDs 6. Memory cards
CD : Compact Disc DVD : Digital Versatile Disc USB : Universal Serial Bus
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Capacity is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold.

Storage terms used by manufacturers to define the capacity of storage media. Example :

Storage Term Byte (B)

Approximate Number of Bytes 1 byte (8 bit)

Kilobyte (KB) Megabyte (MB)

Gigabyte (GB) Terabyte (TB)

1 thousand 1 million
1 billion 1 trillion

A reasonably priced USB flash drive can store up to 256 MB of data (approximately 256 million bytes)

A typical hard disk has 160 GB (approximately 160 billion bytes) of storage capacity.

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Communication occur over transmission media. Transmission media such as satellites, cellular radio networks, are wireless, which means they have no physical lines or wires. Other non-wireless transmission media are cables and telephone lines.

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Communication Devices is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions and information to and from one or more computers. A widely used communication device is modem.

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Supercomputers Mainframe computers Minicomputers

Microcomputers

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Supercomputers is the fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive. The fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than 100 trillion instructions in a single second.

Applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations use supercomputers.

Example :

1. Large scale simulations and application in medicine 2. Aerospace 3. Automotive design 4. Weather forecasting 5. Nuclear energy research
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Mainframe computer is a large , expensive , powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. Mainframes store huge amounts of data, instructions, and information. Most major corporations use mainframes for business activities. With mainframes, large business are able to bill millions of customers, prepare payroll for thousands of employees, and manage thousands of items in inventory. People may access programs on the mainframe using terminals or personal computers.

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Minicomputers is a centralized computer that served from a handful to several hundred "dumb" terminals. Minicomputer is in intermediate size between a microcomputer and a mainframe. Typically, minicomputers have been stand-alone computers (computer systems with attached terminals and other devices) Use in small and mid-size businesses for general business applications and to large enterprises for department-level operations.

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Microcomputers is computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers Four types of microcomputer : 1. 2. 3. 4. Desktop computer Notebook or laptop Tablet PC Handheld

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Desktop computer is designed so the system unit, input devices, output devices and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table.
In some models, the monitor sits on top of the system unit, which is placed on the desk. The more popular style of system unit is the tall and narrow tower, which can sit on the floor vertically.

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Notebook / Laptop is a portable, personal computer designed to fit on your lap.

Notebook computers are thin and lightweight, yet can be as powerful as the average desktop computer. On a typical notebook computer, the keyboard is on top of the system unit, and the display attaches to the system unit with hinges (joint). Most notebook computers can operate on batteries or a power supply or both.

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Tablet PC is a special type of notebook computer that allows you to write or draw on the screen using a digital pen. For users who prefer typing instead of handwriting, you can attach a keyboard to Tablet PCs. Tablet PCs are useful especially for taking notes in locations where the standard notebook computer is not practical.

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Handheld computer / ultra personal computer (uPC) / handtop computer is a computer small enough to fit in one hand.

The screens on handheld computers are small.

Industry-specific handheld computers serve mobile employees : 1. Parcel delivery people 2. Whose jobs require them to move from place to place

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In a group of four (4) , find information of the following topics and describe them completely with pictorial notes.
1. Timeline Computer History 2. Computer usage In education / finance / government / healthcare / publishing / manufacturing 3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Dateline to submit : 21 Jun 2011

ICT SKILLS TCL 0822 ASSIGNMENT 1

GROUP MEMBERS WITH MATRIC CARD NUMBER : SEMESTER & INTAKE SESSION : TEACHER : MS KHAIRUNNISA JAMALUDDIN DATE :

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