The Future of the World - 1945 After six long years of war, the Allies were finally victorious.

However, their victory was achieved at a very high price. World War II had caused more deaths and destruction than any other conflict in history. 60 million people were dead, over a trillion dollars spent on the war, and another 50 million people homeless after the destruction of major cities in in Europe and Asia. he Allies now had decisions to ma!e. How do you avoid the mista!es made "efore and during World War II# $o you punish or forgive# How do you !eep an everlasting peace this time around# he Allies decided to all sit down, and discuss what the future held for the world after %&'5. he first issue to decide was what to do with the (ews. As Allies invaded countries to free them from )erman rule, they discovered the horrors of the concentration camps. *ne )erman commander at Auschwitz later admitted he had supervised over +.5 million !illings. he Allies decided that the Axis leaders should "e tried for their crimes a ainst humanit!"# $itler and %ussolini were dead, "ut their generals were not. he Allies decided to hold trials for these generals in the city of &urem'ur . hese trials would "e !nown as the &urem'ur Trials. ,n these trials, many &azi and fascist leaders would "e sentenced to death for violating humanitieshuman rights, committing enocide, and for their cooperation in operation of the concentration camps. he &urem'er Trials now set procedures for the future. $uring wartime, leaders will "e held accounta"le for their actions. Additionally, the Allies agreed to give some reparation mone! to the (ews for their mistreatment, which they hoped would help them "egin a new life. After the Allies met in (erlin) they decided to remain in )ermany. hey decided that they would remain in )ermany, to prevent any future uprisings, to maintain order, to watch every move )ermans made, and to ensure they would understand that they lost the war. he Allies split )ermany into four .ones. he western zone "elonged to the allies of /rance, 0ritain, and the 1nited 2tates. he eastern zone was occupied "y the 2oviet 1nion. ,n %&'5, )ermany was left without a government. All decisions were to "e

made "y the Allies. )ermany could not have a military or navy. Additionally, the Allies controlled all manufacturing in )ermany. Allies controlled the media, newspapers, text"oo!s, and resource distri"ution. A similar result happened in (apan, except it was the 1nited 2tates only who occupied them. he Allies wanted to ma!e sure the defeated nations !new fascism and &azi ideals did not wor!, and were failed "eliefs. hey also wanted to "ring ideas of democrac!, form a new government they "elieved wor!ed, and form a constitution that would protect the natural ri hts of all citi.ens. All parts of )erman and (apanese life were to change. he only thing that the 1.2. permitted was for the (apanese emperor to remain in power in (apan. After World War I, the Allies set up a weak League of Nations. In 1945, they dissolved (got rid of) the League of Nations, and created a new organization called the United Nations. he United Nations would !e esta!lished in "ew #ork. he U.N. would not only try to keep peace and a$oid conflict, !ut take on %any other world pro!le%s such as dealing with diseases like &I', Aids, cancer, glo!al war%ing, aiding nations in ti%e of disaster, helping poor and hungry nations, as well as i%pro$ing education around the world. hey also created a !ill called the Declaration of Human Rights, to protect the rights of all people around the world regardless of !ackground and !eliefs. he U.N. would ha$e an ar%y, which would !e %ade up of %e%!ers in the (.". he ar%y would enforce U.N. policies around the world. "ow the U.N. had a )!ite.* Additionally, any %e%!er would ha$e the right to +oin the U.N. ,ut fi$e nations would !e charge of the (.".- .hina, /rance, ,ritain, (nited 0tates, and the 0o$iet (nion. hese nations also had the power to veto (!lock) any law or action taken !y the U.N. he Allies !elie$ed these fi$e nations were the %ost influential in %aintaining peace.

Part 1 1 Answer the following %ultiple2choice 3uestions !y choosing the !est answer possi!le. 1) he $iolence and destruction that occurred during 4orld 4ar II led to the A) e5pansion of colonial e%pires in Africa ,) unification of 6er%any .) the signing of the treaty of 'ersailles 7) for%ation of the (nited "ations 8) 4hich i%portant principle was esta!lished as a result of the "ure%!erg trials9 A) 7efeated nations ha$e no rights in international court of laws ,) Indi$iduals can !e held accounta!le for )cri%es against hu%anity* .) 0oldiers %ust follow the orders of their superiors 7) Aggressor nations %ust pay war reparations far da%ages caused during wars :) he (nited "ations was created pri%arily to A) prosecute persons accused of war cri%es ,) contain the spread of co%%unis% .) pro$ide a %eans of sol$ing international pro!le%s 7) channel relief aid to war2torn nations 4) 4hich situation was a direct result of the &olocaust and other atrocities co%%itted !y the "azis during 4orld 4ar II9 A) 0eparation of 6er%any into ;astern and 4estern zones ,) /or%ation of the <eague of "ations .) 4ar cri%es trials in "ure%!erg 7) 7e$elop%ent of the .old 4ar

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Part $ 1 (sing the 7eclaration of &u%an =ights on the pre$ious page, answer the

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Part / !)tra +redit onl0 if (arts 1 1% are com(leted. 1 7efine CIdentify the following ter%s in a one to two sentence response.

1) Allies of 4orld 4ar II 2

8) Auschwitz 2

:) <eague of "ations 1

4) "ure%!urg trials 1

5) ,erlin 1

E) (nited "ations 2

F) &olocaust 1