Ni 1882

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N-1882
REV. D ENGLISH 02 / 2011

PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 74 pages, Index of Revisions and WG
Criteria for Development of Instrumentation
Designs

Procedure
This Standard replaces and cancels its previous revision.

The CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee provides guidance on the
interpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. The
Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is responsible for adopting
and applying the sections, subsections and enumerates thereof.
CONTEC
Comisso de Normalizao
Tcnica

Technical Requirement: A provision established as the most adequate and
which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision is
taken not to follow the requirement (non-conformity to this Standard) it shall be
based on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approved
and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is
characterized by imperative nature.
Recommended Practice: A provision that may be adopted under the conditions
of this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility of
there being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to the
particular application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registered
by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized
by verbs of a nonmandatory nature. It is indicated by the expression:
[Recommended Practice].
SC - 10
Copies of the registered non-conformities to this Standard that may contribute
to the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring
Subcommittee.
Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the CONTEC -
Authoring Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revision
of the Standard, the section, subsection and enumerate to be revised, the
proposed text, and technical/economic justification for revision. The proposals
are evaluated during the work for alteration of this Standard.

Instrumentation and Industrial
Automation
The present Standard is the exclusive property of PETRLEO
BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS, for internal use in the Company, and any
reproduction for external use or disclosure, without previous and express
authorization from the owner, will imply an unlawful act pursuant to the
relevant legislation through which the applicable responsibilities shall be
imputed. External circulation shall be regulated by a specific clause of
Secrecy and Confidentiality pursuant to the terms of intellectual and
industrial property law.

Introduction
PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared by Working Groups - WG
(consisting specialized of Technical Collaborators from Company and its Subsidiaries), are
commented by Company Units and its Subsidiaries, are approved by the Authoring Subcommittees -
SCs (consisting of technicians from the same specialty, representing the various Company Units and
its Subsidiaries), and ratified by the Executive Nucleus (consisting of representatives of the Company
Units and its Subsidiaries). A PETROBRAS Technical Standard is subject to revision at any time by its
Authoring Subcommittee and shall be reviewed every 5 years to be revalidated, revised or cancelled.
PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared in accordance with PETROBRAS Technical
Standard N-1. For complete information about PETROBRAS Technical Standards see PETROBRAS
Technical Standards Catalog.
.

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Summary
Foreword.................................................................................................................................................. 8
1 Scope................................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Normative References......................................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and Definitions......................................................................................................................... 13
4 Symbols or Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. 15
5 Documentation, Engineering Units, Symbology and Identification.................................................... 16
5.1 Design Documentation......................................................................................................... 16
5.2 Engineering Units................................................................................................................. 16
5.3 Symbology and Instrument Identification.............................................................................. 16
6 Supervision, Control and Safety Systems......................................................................................... 17
6.1 General................................................................................................................................. 17
6.2 Alarm System....................................................................................................................... 17
6.3 Safety Instrumented System................................................................................................ 17
6.4 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems....................................................................................... 17
7 Control Room .................................................................................................................................... 17
7.1 General................................................................................................................................. 17
7.2 Air Conditioning and Pressurization..................................................................................... 18
7.3 Equipment and Panel Arrangement ...................................................................................... 19
7.4 Electrical Installation.............................................................................................................. 19
7.5 Grounding.............................................................................................................................. 19
8 Instrumentation Power System........................................................................................................... 19
8.1 Pneumatic Systems............................................................................................................... 19
8.1.1 Instrument Air Generation............................................................................................. 19
8.1.2 Instrument Air Distribution............................................................................................. 20
8.2 Electrical Systems................................................................................................................. 20
8.3 Hydraulic Systems................................................................................................................. 21
9 Selection and Specification of Instruments ....................................................................................... 22
9.1 General.................................................................................................................................. 22
9.2 Temperature Instruments...................................................................................................... 24
9.2.1 Selection and Specification Criteria .............................................................................. 24
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9.2.2 Thermometers............................................................................................................... 24
9.2.3 Thermocouples and Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD) ..................................... 25
9.2.4 Transmitters .................................................................................................................. 25
9.2.5 Thermostats .................................................................................................................. 26
9.2.6 Wells for Temperature Measurement Elements ........................................................... 26
9.3 Pressure Instruments ............................................................................................................ 27
9.3.2 Manometers .................................................................................................................. 27
9.3.3 Transmitters .................................................................................................................. 27
9.3.4 Pressure Switches ........................................................................................................ 28
9.3.5 Accessories for Pressure Instruments .......................................................................... 28
9.4 Flow Rate Instruments .......................................................................................................... 28
9.4.1 Selection Criteria........................................................................................................... 28
9.4.2 Orifice Plate Meters....................................................................................................... 29
9.4.3 Vortex Type Meters....................................................................................................... 30
9.4.4 Venturi, Flow Nozzles, Pitot and V-Cone Meters.......................................................... 31
9.4.4.1 Venturi................................................................................................................... 31
9.4.4.2 Flow Nozzles......................................................................................................... 31
9.4.4.3 Averaging Pitot Tubes........................................................................................... 31
9.4.4.4 V-Cone.................................................................................................................. 31
9.4.5 Restriction Orifices........................................................................................................ 32
9.4.6 Ultrasonic Flow Meters.................................................................................................. 32
9.4.7 Coriolis Flow Meters...................................................................................................... 32
9.4.8 Variable Area Meters (Rotameters) .............................................................................. 33
9.4.9 Positive Displacement Meters....................................................................................... 33
9.4.10 Turbine Type Meters................................................................................................... 33
9.4.11 Electromagnetic type Meters ...................................................................................... 34
9.4.12 Transmitters ................................................................................................................ 34
9.4.13 Flow Switches ............................................................................................................. 34
9.5 Level Measurement Instruments........................................................................................... 34
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9.5.2 Gauge Glasses ............................................................................................................. 35
9.5.3 Magnetic Level Gauge .................................................................................................. 36
9.5.4 Differential Pressure Level Meter.................................................................................. 36
9.5.5 Guided Wave Radar Meter ........................................................................................... 37
9.5.6 Contactless Radar Meter .............................................................................................. 38
9.5.7 Ultrasonic Meter ............................................................................................................ 38
9.5.8 Displacer Type Measurement ....................................................................................... 38
9.5.9 Capacitive Type Transmitter ......................................................................................... 38
9.5.10 Level Switches ............................................................................................................ 39
9.5.11 Level Measurement in Storage Tanks (Telemetering)................................................ 39
9.6 Control Valves....................................................................................................................... 39
9.6.1 Selection ....................................................................................................................... 39
9.6.2 Sizing............................................................................................................................. 40
9.6.3 Inherent Flow Rate Characteristics............................................................................... 42
9.6.4 Constructive Characteristics ......................................................................................... 42
9.6.5 Actuators ....................................................................................................................... 43
9.6.6 Positioners .................................................................................................................... 43
9.6.7 Accessories................................................................................................................... 44
9.7 On-off Valves......................................................................................................................... 44
9.7.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 44
9.7.2 Valve ............................................................................................................................. 44
9.7.3 Actuators ....................................................................................................................... 45
9.7.4 Accessories................................................................................................................... 45
9.7.4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 45
9.7.4.2 Solenoid Valve...................................................................................................... 46
9.7.4.3 Position Switch...................................................................................................... 46
9.7.4.4 Regulating Filter Valve.......................................................................................... 46
9.8 Relief and Safety Valves....................................................................................................... 47
9.8.1 Selection and Sizing...................................................................................................... 47
9.8.2 General Characteristics................................................................................................. 48
9.8.3 Technical Requirements ............................................................................................... 48
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9.8.4 Accessories................................................................................................................... 49
9.9 Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves..................................................................................... 49
9.10 Rupture Discs...................................................................................................................... 49
9.11 Process Analyzers............................................................................................................... 49
9.12 Flame Sensors .................................................................................................................... 49
9.13 Fire and Gas Detectors....................................................................................................... 50
9.13.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 50
9.13.2 Gas Detectors ............................................................................................................. 50
9.13.2.1 Hydrocarbon Detectors....................................................................................... 50
9.13.2.2 Hydrogen Detectors (H
2
)..................................................................................... 51
9.13.2.3 Toxic gas Detectors - Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2
S) and Ammonia (NH
3
) .................. 51
9.13.3 Fire Detectors.............................................................................................................. 51
9.13.3.1 Smoke Detectors ................................................................................................ 51
9.13.3.2 Flame Detectors.................................................................................................. 52
9.13.3.3 Heat Detectors.................................................................................................... 52
9.13.3.4 Manual Fire Alarm Starters................................................................................. 52
10 Specification of Instrumentation Cables........................................................................................... 52
10.1 Electric Instrumentation Cables for Use on Onshore Facilities........................................... 52
10.1.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 52
10.1.2 Cables for Analog and Discrete Signals ..................................................................... 52
10.1.3 Cables for Thermocouple Signals............................................................................... 53
10.1.4 Cables for Intrinsic Safety Signals .............................................................................. 53
10.1.5 Cables for Special Signals .......................................................................................... 54
10.1.6 Cables for Serial and Network Communication.......................................................... 54
10.1.6.1 RS-485 Cables using Modbus Protocol .............................................................. 54
10.1.6.2 Cables for Foundation FieldBus ......................................................................... 55
10.1.6.3 RS-485 Cables Using Protocol ProfiBus/DP ...................................................... 55
10.2 Electrical Instrumentation Cables for use in Offshore Facilities.......................................... 55
10.2.1 Service Conditions ...................................................................................................... 55
10.2.2 Constructive Characteristics ....................................................................................... 55
10.2.3 Identification................................................................................................................ 57
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10.2.4 Tests............................................................................................................................ 57
10.3 Optical Instrumentation Cables for Use on Onshore and/or Offshore Facilities................. 57
11 Instrumentation Panel Specification................................................................................................. 58
11.1 Constructive Requirements................................................................................................. 58
11.2 Requirements for Internal Connection of the Components................................................. 59
11.3 Requirements for Internal Components .............................................................................. 59
12 Instrumentation Specification in Package Units ............................................................................... 60
13 Instrument Installation Design.......................................................................................................... 60
13.1 General................................................................................................................................ 60
13.2 Accessibility and Visibility.................................................................................................... 61
13.3 Pneumatic Power for Instruments....................................................................................... 61
13.4 Temperature Instrument Installation ................................................................................... 61
13.5 Pressure Instrument Installation.......................................................................................... 61
13.6 Flow Instrument Installation ................................................................................................ 61
13.7 Level Instrument Installation ............................................................................................... 62
13.8 Control Valve Installation .................................................................................................... 63
13.9 Safety and Relief Valve Installation..................................................................................... 63
13.10 Installation of Flame Sensors in Burners .......................................................................... 63
14 Signal Transmission Installation Design........................................................................................... 63
14.1 General................................................................................................................................ 63
14.2 Cable Forwarding and Routing ........................................................................................... 64
14.3 Wiring and Connection........................................................................................................ 65
14.4 Grounding and Protection against Electrical and Electromagnetic Interference ................ 65
Appendix A - Probable Total Error Calculation...................................................................................... 66
Appendix B - Wells and Stem Dimension.............................................................................................. 71
Appendix C - Restriction Orifice Dimensioning on Isentropic Critical Flow Regime for Real Gas........ 75
Appendix D - Restriction Orifice Thickness Calculation........................................................................ 76
Appendix E - Process Connections....................................................................................................... 77

Figures

Figure B.1 - Flanged Installation on Piping ........................................................................................... 73
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Figure B.2 - Threaded Installation on Piping......................................................................................... 73

Tables

Table 1 - Line Nominal Diameter versus Plate Thickness .................................................................... 30
Table 2 - Speed Limits at Control Valve Entrance ................................................................................ 42
Table 3 - Protection Degree .................................................................................................................. 58
Table B.1 - Insertion Length (U) for Flanged Wells Installed on Piping.............................................. 71
Table B.2 - Insertion Length (U) for Threaded Wells Installed on Piping ........................................... 71
Table B.3 - Stem Length (L) for Flanged Wells Installed on Piping.................................................... 72
Table B.4 - Stem Length (L) for Threaded Wells Installed on Piping ................................................. 72
Table B.5 - Immersion Length for Flanged Wells Installed on Vessels or Towers................................ 74
Table C.1 - Restriction Orifice Dimensioning on Isentropic Critical Flow Regime for Real Gas........... 75
Table E.1 - Process Taps for Flow Rate Instrumentation ..................................................................... 77
Table E.2 - Process Taps for Pressure Instrumentation ....................................................................... 77
Table E.3 - Process Taps for Level Instrumentation............................................................................. 78
Table E.4 - Process Taps for Temperature Instrumentation................................................................. 78

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Foreword

This Standard is the English version (issued in 01/2012) of PETROBRAS N-1882 REV. D 02/2011,
including its Erratum - 04/2011 and Amendment - 01/2012. In case of doubt, the Portuguese version,
which is the valid document for all intents and purposes, shall be used.

1 Scope

1.1 This Standard establishes basic criteria for the development of instrumentation designs for
industrial plants. Any other criteria that have not been mentioned by this standard, or that could
complement those defined herein, shall be prescribed in additional documentation in order to
encompass any specific needs of each project.

1.2 This Standard applies to:

a) processing units;
b) terminals;
c) oil and gas pipelines;
d) production facilities;
e) thermoelectric plants;
f) other PETROBRAS facilities that might use the same type of instrumentation as the one
established in this Standard.

1.3 This Standard applies to instrumentation designs, initiated from the date of its publishing, for new
facilities as well as for refit in existing facilities.

1.4 This Standard contains Technical Requirements and Recommended Practices.

2 Normative References

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document applies.

Norma Regulamentadora n
o
10 (NR-10) - Segurana em Instalaes e Servios em Eletricidade;

o
13 (NR-13) - Caldeiras e Vasos de Presso;

o
23 (NR-23) - Proteo Contra Incndios;

Portaria INMETRO MDIC 179/2010 - Requisitos de Avaliao da Conformidade para
Equipamentos Eltricos e Eletrnicos para Atmosferas Explosivas;

Portaria INMETRO NIT DICLA 021 - Expresso da Incerteza de Medio;

PETROBRAS N-57 - Projeto Mecnico de Tubulaes Industriais;

PETROBRAS N-133 - Soldagem;

PETROBRAS N-332 - Retificador para Uso Industrial;

PETROBRAS N-1883 - Apresentao de Projeto de Instrumentao/Automao;

PETROBRAS N-1996 - Projeto de Redes Eltricas em Envelopes de Concreto e com Cabos
Diretamente no Solo;

PETROBRAS N-1997 - Redes Eltricas em Sistemas de Bandejamento para Cabos -
Projeto, Instalao e Inspeo;
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PETROBRAS N-2595 - Critrios de Projeto, Operao e Manuteno de Sistemas
Instrumentados de Segurana em Unidades Industriais;

PETROBRAS N-2760 - Sistema Ininterrupto de Energia para Uso Industrial;

PETROBRAS N-2791 - Detalhes de Instalao de Instrumentos ao Processo;

PETROBRAS N-2900 - Gerenciamento de Alarmes;

ABNT NBR 5410 - Instalaes Eltricas de Baixa Tenso;

ABNT NBR 10300 - Cabos de Instrumentao com Isolao Extrudada de PE ou PVC para
Tenses at 300 V;

ABNT NBR 14105 - Manmetros com Sensor de Elementos Elstico - Recomendaes de
Fabricao e Uso;

ABNT NBR 17240 - Sistemas de Deteco e Alarme de Incndio - Projeto, Instalao,
Comissionamento e Manuteno de Sistemas de Deteco e Alarme de Incndio;

ABNT NBR IEC 60079-0 - Atmosferas Explosivas - Parte 0: Equipamentos;

ABNT NBR IEC 60079-10-1 - Atmosferas Explosivas - Parte 10: Classificao de reas -
Atmosferas Explosivas de Gs;

ABNT NBR IEC 60079-14 - Atmosferas Explosivas - Parte 14: Projeto, Seleo e Montagem
de Instalaes Eltricas;

ABNT NBR IEC 60079-25 - Equipamentos Eltricos para Atmosferas Explosivas - Parte 25:
Sistemas Intrinsecamente Seguros;

ABNT NBR IEC 60529 - Graus de Proteo para Invlucros de Equipamentos Eltricos (Cdigo IP);

ABNT NBR IEC 61241-10 - Equipamentos Eltricos para Uso na Presena de Poeiras
Combustveis - Parte 10: Classificao de reas Onde Poeiras Combustveis Esto ou
Podem Estar Presentes;

ISO 4126-9 - Safety Devices for Protection against Excessive Pressure - Part 9: Application
and Installation of Safety Devices Excluding Stand-Alone Bursting Disc Safety Devices;

ISO 5167-1 - Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices Inserted in
Circular-Cross - Section Conduits Running Full - Part 1: General Principles and Requirements;

ISO 5167-2 - Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices Inserted
in Circular-Cross - Section Conduits Running Full - Part 2: Orifice Plates;

in Circular-Cross - Section Conduits Running Full - Part 3: Nozzles and Venture Nozzles;

in Circular-Cross - Section Conduits Running Full - Part 4: Venturi Tubes;

ISO 5208 - Industrial Valves - Pressure Testing of Metallic Valves;

ISO 7240-2 - Fire Detection and Alarm System - Part 2: Control and Indicating Equipment;

ISO 7240-5 - Fire Detection and Alarm System - Part 5: Point-Type Heat Detectors;

ISO 7240-7 - Fire Detection and Alarm System - Part 7: Point-Type Smoke Detectors Using
Scattered Light, Transmitted Light or Ionization;

ISO 7240-10 - Fire Detection and Alarm System - Part 10: Point-Type Flame Detectors;
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ISO 7240-11 - Fire Detection and Alarm System - Part 11: Manual Call Points;

ISO 8573-1 - Compressed Air - Part 1: Contaminants and Purity Classes;

ISO 10497 - Testing of Valves - Fire Type-Testing Requirements;

ISO 10790 - Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits - Guidance to the Selection,
Installation and Use of Coriolis Meters (Mass Flow, Density and Volume Flow
Measurements);

ISO 16852 - Flame arresters - Performance Requirements, Test Methods and Limits for Use
First Edition

ISO 28300 - Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - Venting of Atmospheric
and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks;

ISO GUIDE 98-1 - Uncertainty of Measurement - Part 1: Introduction to the Expression of
Uncertainty in Measurement;

ISO GUIDE 98-3 - Uncertainty of Measurement - Part 3: Guide to the Expression of
Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM:1995);

ISO TR 12764 - Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits - Flowrate Measurement by
Means of Vortex Shedding Flowmeters Inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits Running
Full;

ISO TR 15377 - Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure-Differential Devices -
Guidelines for the Specification of Orifice Plates, Nozzles and Venturi Tubes beyond the
Scope of ISO 5167;

AGA REPORT 9 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters;

API MPMS 3.1B - Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 3 - Tank Gauging
Section 1B - Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Stationary
Tanks by Automatic Tank Gauging;

API MPMS 3.3 - Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 3 - Tank Gauging
Section 3 - Standard Pratice for Level Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Stationary
Pressurized Storage Tank by Automatic Tank Gauging;

API MPMS 4.1 - Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 4 - Proving Systems
Section 1 - Introduction;

API MPMS 4.5 - Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 4 - Proving Systems
Section 5 - Master-Meter Provers;

API MPMS 5.2 - Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 5 - Metering
Section 2 - Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters;

Section 3 - Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters;

Section 6 - Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters;

Section 8 - Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow Meters using Transit
Time Technology;

API MPMS 14.3.1 - Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 14 - Natural Gas
Fluids Measurement Section 3 - Concentric, Square-Edge Orifice Meters Part 1 - General
Equations and Uncertainty Guidelines;
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API PUBL 2218:1999 - Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing
Plants;

API RP 520 Pt II - Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in
Refineries - Part II - Installation;

API RP 551:1993 - Process Measurement Instrumentation;

API RP 552 - Transmission Systems;

API RP 553 - Refinery Control Valves;

API RP 554 Part 2 - Process Control Systems - Process Control System Design;

API STD 520 Pt I - Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in
Refineries - Part I - Sizing and Selection;

API STD 526 - Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves;

API STD 527 - Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves;

API STD 609 - Butterfly Valves: Double-Flanged, Lug- and Wafer-type;

ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2 Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch
Standard;

ASME B16.10 - Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves;

ASME B16.36 - Orifice Flanges;

ASME BPVC Section I - Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section I: Rules for
Constructions Power Boilers;

ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 1 - Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section VIII: Rules
for Construction of Pressure Vessels;

for Construction of Pressure Vessels - Division 2: Alternative Rules;

for Construction of Pressure Vessels - Division 3: Alternative Rules for Construction of High
Pressure Vessels;

ASME MFC-12M - Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Multiport Averaging
Pilot Primary Elements;

ASME MFC-16 - Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits with Electromagnetic Flow
meters;

ASME MFC-18M - Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Variable Area Meters;

ASME PTC 19.3 TW - Thermowells Performance Test Codes;

IEC 60092-376 - Electrical Installations in Ships Part 376: Cables for Control and
Instrumentation Circuits 150/250 V (300 V);

IEC 60331-1 - Tests for Electric Cables under Fire Conditions - Circuit Integrity - Part 1: Test
Method for Fire with Shock at a Temperature of at least 830 Degrees C for Cables of Rated
Voltage up to and Including 0,6/1,0 kV and with an Overall Diameter Exceeding 20 mm;

IEC 60331-11 - Tests for Electric Cables under Fire Conditions - Circuit Integrity - Part 11:
Apparatus - Fire Alone at a Flame Temperature of at Least 750 Degree C;
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IEC 60332-1-2 - Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables under Fire Conditions - Part 1-2:
Test for Vertical Flame Propagation for a Single Insulated Wire or Cable - Procedure for
1 kW Pre-Mixed Flame;

IEC 60332-3-22 - Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables under Fire Conditions -
Part 3-22: Test for Vertical Flame Spread of Vertically-Mounted Bunched Wires or Cables -
Category A;

IEC 60534-4 - Industrial Process Control Valves - Part 4: Inspection and Routine Testing;

IEC 60534-2-1 - Industrial Process Control Valves - Part 2-1: Flow-Capacity - Sizing
Equations for Fluid Flow Under Installed Conditions;

IEC 60534-8-3 - Industrial-Process Control Valves - Part 8-3: Noise Considerations - Control
Valve Aerodynamic Noise Prediction Method;

IEC 60534-8-4 - Industrial-Process Control Valves - Part 8-4: Noise Considerations -
Prediction of Noise Generated by Hydrodynamic Flow;

IEC 60584-1 - Thermocouples - Part 1: Reference Tables;

IEC 60584-2 - Thermocouples - Part 2: Tolerances;

IEC 60584-3 - Thermocouples - Part 3: Extension and Compensating Cables - Tolerances
and Identification System;

IEC 60684-1 - Flexible Insulating Sleeving - Part 1: Definitions and General Requirements;

IEC 60751 - Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers and Platinum Temperature
Sensors;

IEC 60754-1 - Test on Gases Evolved During Combustion of Materials from Cables - Part 1:
Determination of the Amount of Halogen Acid Gas;

IEC 60754-2 - Test on Gases Evolved During Combustion of Electric Cables - Part 2:
Determination of Degree of Acidity of Gases Evolved During the Combustion of Materials
Taken from Electric Cables by Measuring pH and Conductivity;

IEC 60794-1-1 - Optical Fibre Cables - Part 1-1: Generic Specification - General;

IEC TR 60890 - A Method of Temperature-Rise Assessment by Extrapolation for Partially
Type-Tested Assemblies (PTTA) of Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear;

IEC 61034-2 - Measurement of Smoke Density of Cables Burning under Defined Conditions
- Part 2: Test Procedure and Requirements;

IEC 61158-2 - Industrial Communication Networks - Fieldbus Specifications - Part 2:
Physical Layer Specification and Service Definition;

ISA 5.1 - Instrumentation Symbols and Identification;

ISA 18.1 - Annunciator Sequences and Specifications;

ISA 75.08.1 - Face-to-Face Dimensions for Integral Flanged Globe-Style Control Valves
Bodies (Classes 125, 150, 250, 300, and 600);

ISA 75.08.2 - Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged and Flangeless Rotary Control Valves
(Classes 150, 300, and 600);

ISA 75.08.5 - Face-to-Face Dimensions for Buttwelded-End Globe-Style Control Valves
(Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500);
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ISA 75.08.6 - Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-Style Control Valve Bodies
(Classes 900, 1500, and 2500);

NAMUR NE 43 - Standardization of the Signal Level for the Failure Information of Digital
Transmitters.

NOTE For documents referred in this Standard and for which only the Portuguese version is
available, the PETROBRAS department that uses this Standard should be consulted for any
information required for the specific application.

3 Terms and Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1
thermowell immersion length
length from the free end of the well up to the internal surface of the piping or the equipment in which
the well is inserted

3.2
thermowell insertion length
length of the free end of a well up to its mechanical fixation point on the flange or thread. It is
represented by the U symbol

3.3
reference conditions
set of ranges, usually narrow, corresponding to the operational conditions under which a given
instrument or equipment is submitted to, when its performance characteristics are determined

3.4
fugitive emissions
gas or vapor emissions from equipment under pressure which might happen due to involuntary or
irregular leaks

3.5
Probable Total Error (PTE)
maximum expected error for the instrument when submitted to usage conditions different from those in
reference by the time of calibration and/or those informed by the manufacturer

3.6
toxic fluid
fluids which, once released to the atmosphere beyond their admissible limits, pose potential risks to
people or the environment

3.7
hysteresis
maximum difference observed in the values indicated by the instrument, for any value of the measured
range, whenever the variable goes over the whole scale in both increasing and decreasing directions

NOTE Hysteresis is usually expressed in percentage of span.

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3.8
linearity
degree of proximity between a curve and a straight line. Normally quantified as the maximum deviation
between the curve and a straight line, positioned in order to minimize such deviation. The linearity of
an instrument indicates the degree of proximity of its calibration curve with a straight line

3.9
control loop
loops whose function is to keep one or more process variables within specified limits or being part of a
sequencing or maneuver command aiming to actuate a final element (control valve, on-off valve,
equipment start-up relay etc.)

3.10 indication loop
loops whose functions are indication or alarm for supervision purposes

3.11 interlocking loop
loops whose function is to protect equipment or avoid dangerous events to people or the environment

NOTE It includes safety instrumented functions and the sequencing considered as such (e.g.: loops
that are part of the furnace start-up sequence).

3.12
legal metrology
it refers to the legal, technical and administrative requirements related to measurement units,
measurement methods, measuring instruments and materialized measures. These apply to the
measurement systems related to commercial transactions, as well as those related to health and
safety of people

3.13
design pressure
pressure value used in the design of a vessel or other process equipment, in order to determine the
minimum acceptable thickness or the physical characteristics of the internal parts for a given
temperature

3.14
range
measurement range located between two given values

NOTE This value can be determined in relation to operational conditions (measuring),
measurement capacity limits of a given instrument, or the adjusted range of an instrument.

3.15
repeatability
the degree of proximity between the values obtained by means of successive measurements at the
output of a given instrument or equipment for a similar value applied at the input, with the other
operational conditions kept constant

NOTE Such measurements are performed throughout the instrument or equipment range, in the
same direction, in order not to include the hysteresis effects.

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3.16
skid
equipment and accessories supplied and mounted on the same basis

3.17
span
algebric difference between the upper and lower values of the range

EXAMPLE

range -20 C to 100 C, span: 120 C

3.18
package unit
a set of equipment and accessories designed to perform a defined unit operation, supplied for a same
source and object of a single purchase request

3.19
control valve
final control element that receives a command signal to adjust the passage area in order to change
the flow rate value for the process fluid

3.20
on-off valve
a valve that can assume two different states (open or closed), releasing or blocking the process fluid

4 Symbols or Abbreviations

ABNT - Brazilian Association of Technical Standards;
AC - Alternate Current;
ANSI - American National Standards Institute;
API - American Petroleum Institute;
ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers;
CV - Flow Rate Capacity;
DC - Direct Current;
PTE - Probable Total Error;
IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission;
IHM - Human-Machine Interface;
INMETRO - National Metrology, Normalization and Industrial Quality Institute;
IR - Infrared Radiation;
ISA - The International Society of Automation;
ISO - International Organization for Standardization;
LEL - Low Explosive Limit;
NA - Normally Open;
NBR - Brazilian Standard;
NR - Regulatory Standard;
PLC - Programmable Logical Controller;
PSV - Pressure Safety Valve;
RM - Material Requisition;
SCADA - Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition System;
DCS - Distributed Control System;
SI - International Unit System;
SIS - Safety Instrumented System.
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5 Documentation, Engineering Units, Symbology and Identification

5.1 Design Documentation

The documentation for the instrumentation design shall be developed according to PETROBRAS
N-1883.

5.2 Engineering Units

5.2.1 Units to be adopted in the project: [Recommended Practice]

a) temperature: C;
b) flow rate: kg/h;
c) pressure: kPa or kgf/cm
2
(gauge or absolute);
d) vacuum and low pressures: Pa or mmH
2
O;
e) level: mm;
f) density: kg/m
3
;
g) absolute viscosity: cP or Pa.s.;
h) kinematic viscosity: cSt.

5.2.2 Units to be adopted on instrument and IHM displays: [Recommended Practice]

a) temperature: C;
b) flow rate (water steam): t/h;
c) flow rate (liquids): kg/h or m
3
/h @ 20C/1 atm;
d) flow rate (gas): m
3
/h @ 0C/1 atm (Nm
3
/h) or m
3
/h @ 20C/1 atm;
e) pressure: kPa or kgf/cm2 (gauge or absolute);
f) vacuum and low pressures: mmH
2
O;
g) level: range %;
h) density: kg/m
3
;
i) absolute viscosity: cP or Pa.s;
j) kinematic viscosity: cSt.

NOTE 1 For other variables, the SI units shall be used.
NOTE 2 The use of more than one unit for each variable by project shall be submitted to
PETROBRAS for prior approval.

5.3 Symbology and Instrument Identification

5.3.1 The identification and the symbology to be used in engineering process and instrumentation
diagrams shall meet the requirements on ISA 5.1, except in case of expansion of existing units, when
it is acceptable to use local criteria.

5.3.2 All symbology not covered by ISA 5.1 shall be clearly showed on an additional drawing with
subtitles.

5.3.3 The definitions below shall be used on items not defined by ISA 5.1:

a) C - electrical conductivity;
b) D - density or specific gravity;
c) M - humidity;
d) AT - gas detectors;
e) YS - smoke, flame and heat detectors.
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6 Supervision, Control and Safety Systems

6.1 General

6.1.1 The architecture for the supervision, control and safety systems, as well as their respective
specifications of several equipments such as DCS, SCADA, PLC, SIS PLC etc shall be defined by
PETROBRAS in an additional document.

6.1.2 In order to elaborate the documentation concerning 6.1.1, it is recommended to follow API RP
554 Part 2. [Recommended Practice]

6.2 Alarm System

6.2.1 The design criteria for alarm systems in industrial facilities shall be according to PETROBRAS
N-2900.

6.2.2 When used, the alarm annunciators shall follow ISA 18.1 by means of the ISA-A or ISA-F1A
sequences.

6.3 Safety Instrumented System

The design criteria for safety instrumented systems shall be according to PETROBRAS N-2595.

6.4 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems

The design of the fire alarm and fire detection systems shall meet the requirements found on ABNT
NBR 17240.

7 Control Room

7.1 General

7.1.1 The criteria defined on 7.1 apply only to the control rooms that house the
instrumentation equipment (panels, racks and cabinets) that make the interface with the
field instruments or other equipments (equipment environment).

7.1.2 The criteria for the control rooms that house the interfaces with the operator (operation
environment) shall be defined by PETROBRAS in an additional document.

7.1.3 The area where the control rooms are located shall be, preferably, non-hazardous, as
determined by ABNT NBR IEC 60079-10-1 or ABNT NBR IEC 61241-10.

7.1.4 The control rooms internal area shall be dimensioned in order to provide an available area, for
future equipment installation, equivalent to, at least, 10 % of the total area used by all the planned
equipment.

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7.1.5 The access doors for equipment shall be dimensioned considering the dimensions for the
biggest equipment with, at least, a gap of 30 cm in height and width.

7.1.6 It is not allowed process lines in the control room.

7.1.7 Unless otherwise specified in an additional document, control rooms shall have an air
pressurization system. In the absence of a pressurization system, alternative measures shall be
considered in order to prevent the entry of salt, dust, gases and other pollutants from the external
environment that may damage the operation of equipment. Such measures shall be submitted to
PETROBRAS approval.

7.1.8 Unless otherwise specified in an additional document, control rooms shall have an air
conditioning and ventilation system. In the absence of an air conditioning and ventilation system,
alternative measures shall be considered in order to avoid the degradation of equipment due to
ambient temperature. These measures shall be submitted to PETROBRAS approval.

7.1.9 It is recommended that the control rooms be provided with elevated floor in order to facilitate the
installation of cables for the equipments. [Recommended Practice]

7.2 Air Conditioning and Pressurization

7.2.1 It shall be provided, whenever the gas detection at the entrance of the ventilation air is
applicable, a protection system for dampers closure and ventilation engines shutdown in the presence
of gas on air ducts inlet. This protection system shall meet the following requirements:

a) It shall be always active while the air conditioning and pressurization system is in
operation, even when in manual mode;
b) It shall provide discrete inputs to receive the signals originated from the gas detection
system, which represent gas detection.

7.2.2 It shall be provided alarms in the supervision and control systems, in order to announce any
abnormalities in the ventilation and air conditioning system, such as: machinery failure, high
temperature, etc.

7.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in an additional document, the air conditioning and ventilation
system shall be specified to maintain the ambient temperature at 24
o
C 1
o
C and relative humidity at
50 % 5 %.

7.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in an additional document, the pressurization system shall be
specified for an overpressure in relation to the external ambient of the building of 4 mmH
2
O for
non-hazardous areas and 6 mmH
2
O for hazardous areas.

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7.3 Equipment and Panel Arrangement

All instrumentation equipment, located inside the control room, shall be placed in order to comply with
the following requirements:

a) provide enough space for doors opening and access, for the purpose of inspection or
maintenance of these equipments as well as meeting the minimum width required by
NR-23 for access ways at any point in the room, considering the equipment doors closed;
b) ensure that the distance from any point in the control room to the exit complies with
NR-23, considering the control room as a low risk ambient, unless other analysis
determine on the contrary;
c) reduce the length of cables through the approximation of equipment that might have
interconnections among themselves;
d) reduce the possibility of electromagnetic interference in equipment that receive highly
sensitive signals (machinery vibration signals, thermocouple signals and pulse signals)
keeping them away from noise generating equipment (uninterrupted power systems and
variable frequency drivers).

7.4 Electrical Installation

7.4.1 For installation of instrumentation cables and equipment electrical power cables, inside the
control room, cable trays are recommended. [Recommended Practice]

7.4.2 Cable trays shall be segregated by signal level and follow the distances determined by
API RP 552.

7.5 Grounding

The grounding of equipment, cabinet and signal cable shielding, inside control rooms, shall comply
with API RP 552 requirements and the equipment manufacturers recommendations.

8 Instrumentation Power System

8.1 Pneumatic Systems

8.1.1 Instrument Air Generation

8.1.1.1 The dimensioning of the instrumentation air generation system capacity shall follow the API RP
552 recommendations.

8.1.1.2 In places where the control systems use natural gas, the following requirements shall be
considered:

a) natural gas filtering and liquid separation;
b) instruments with pilot valves without bleeding;
c) trim material compatible with the natural gas composition.

NOTE In case the installation is housed, the gas escape shall be provided in the highest point of
the housing.

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8.1.1.3 Under normal operational conditions, the instrument air supply system shall have a minimum
and controlled gauge pressure, in the main feeder, of 7 kgf/cm. This pressure shall not exceed 10.5
kgf/cm. The instrument air distribution network shall be designed to ensure a minimum gauge
pressure of 5 kgf/cm in its extremities.

8.1.1.4 Instrument air quality shall comply with the requirements of ISO 8573-1 with the following
classes:

a) solid particles: class 3;
b) humidity content: select the class with a dew point temperature 10C lower than the
lowest local ambient temperature;
c) oil content: class 3.

8.1.2 Instrument Air Distribution

8.1.2.1 Instrument air distribution shall comply with the recommendations of API RP 552.

8.1.2.2 It is recommended to measure the flow rate in the main feeder, at the instrument air generation
system output. [Recommended Practice]

8.1.2.3 The pressure indication and the low pressure alarm shall be both provided at the supervision
and control system.

8.1.2.4 It is recommended that the instrument air distribution be made through a closed ring.
[Recommended Practice]

8.1.2.5 All taps for instrument air supply shall be located on the piping upper side, with individual block
valves. It shall be provided, as minimum, a 10% spare of these taps, uniformly distributed on the area,
for future derivations.

8.1.2.6 The low points and the branch terminals shall be provided with drain valves.

8.1.2.7 The distribution network shall be dimensioned in order to allow air flow rate at a maximum
speed of 20 m/s.

8.2 Electrical Systems

8.2.1 The system configuration, as well as its voltage level, shall be determined by PETROBRAS in an
additional document.

8.2.2 For definition of the power supply system, it is recommended to use, as reference, the
recommendations provided by API RP 554 Part 2. [Recommended Practice]

8.2.3 It shall be scope of the instrumentation design team to determine:

a) system configuration;
b) voltage variation ranges;
c) system capacity;
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d) minimum time of autonomous operation for systems, in case of power failure;
e) instrument distribution associated to each power supply system.

8.2.4 Electrical power supply systems for instruments are defined as below.

8.2.4.1 Normal Systems

Systems supplyed by alternate current, provided by a main feeder, which may have an automatic
switching for a secondary feeder, such as an emergency generator. The switching time between these
feeders might interfere on the supervision and control systems normal operation.

8.2.4.2 Uninterrupted Systems

Systems whose switching time is lower than the maximum admissible time so that no supervision and
control system component may switch off or interrupt the output signal. These systems are composed
of:

a) in DC (rectifier and battery bank) according to PETROBRAS N-332;
b) in AC with static switch (rectifier, battery bank, inverter and static switch);
c) in AC with redundant parallel configuration according to PETROBRAS N-2760.

8.2.5 It shall be powered by an uninterrupted system all instruments, equipments and devices of
supervision, control and safety systems involved in:

a) ensure safe process trip;
b) keep continuity of operation/production of essential equipment (boilers, compressors,
wells, among others) in industrial units whose trip, even for a short period of time, is not
desirable.

8.2.6 Unless otherwise stated in an additional document, the uninterrupted systems shall be
dimensioned to keep the output load supplied for a minimum period of 30 minutes in order to ensure
the safe trip.

8.2.7 It shall be provided, on the control and supervision system, alarms for any abnormalities in the
uninterrupted system, such as: lack of voltage at the input, system powered by battery and internal
system failures.

8.2.8 The following power voltage levels can be used: [Recommended Practice]

a) field instruments for monitoring, control and safety, including solenoid valves: 24 VCC;
b) field instruments with high consumption (analyzers): 120 VCA;
c) safety system panels: 120 VCA or 125 VCC;
d) supervision and control system panels: 120 VCA or 125 VCC;
e) supervision and control system panels for the production area: 220 VCA.

8.3 Hydraulic Systems

The definitions on system type, supply and other characteristics shall be defined by PETROBRAS in
an additional document.

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9 Selection and Specification of Instruments

9.1 General

9.1.1 The definition of measurement technology shall always take into account acquisition, installation
and maintenance costs throughout the equipment life cycle.

9.1.2 Standardization for the transmission of field instrument signals shall follow the criteria below:

a) pneumatic instrumentation: 0,2 kgf/cm
2
to 1 kgf/cm
2
;
b) analogic electronic instrumentation: 4 mA to 20 mA;
c) thermocouples and thermal-resistences: according to standard for thermal elements;
d) Instrument communication through field networks: according to standard of chosen
protocol.

9.1.3 Digital communication protocols, physical media and network topologies used for information
exchange between supervision and control systems and other equipment and subsystems shall be
defined by PETROBRAS in an additional document. Only the communication cables for these systems
are covered in this standard.

9.1.4 When measurement accuracy is required by the basic process design, selected sensor and
transmitter set shall present an PTE lower than 80 % of the accuracy required by the process. PTE
calculation shall be made according to the procedure defined in Appendix A.

9.1.5 Transmitters and control valve positioners in 4 mA to 20 mA shall be provided with HART
protocol. Specific cases shall be specified in an additional document.

9.1.6 Every transmitter shall meet the requirements below. Specific cases shall be specified in an

a) be supplied with a display for local process variable indication in engineering unit;
b) be electronic, microprocessed and programmable;
c) provide signal transmission in the same physical media as the electrical power (two
wires) and be able to operate at 24 VCC, with a maximum loop resistance of 600 O;
d) have the capacity of self-diagnosis with failure modes according to
NAMUR NE 43, in case of 4 mA to 20 mA transmission;
e) four wires transmitters shall have an isolated output signal and be submitted to
PETROBRAS's approval.

9.1.7 The transmitter calibrated range and the local indicators range shall be chosen so that the
process variable value in normal process conditional is located between 40% and 60% of this range.

9.1.8 Pneumatic instrumentation shall meet the requirements below:

a) the use shall be restricted to actuators and control valve positioners, on-off valve
actuators, damper actuators and electropneumatic converters. The use of pneumatic
instrumentation for measurement and control shall be limited to situations where it is
previously requested by PETROBRAS;

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b) pneumatic connections of instruments shall be of 1/4 NPT, unless the necessary flow
rate for instrument actuation, within the specified value, requires a higher diameter;
c) these shall be specified to operate, without restrictions, with an air quality as determined
on 8.1.1.4.

9.1.9 All parts that are exposed to atmosphere shall be resistant to environmental conditions, including
those potentially produced by the process. It shall be always verified in the process data whether there
is any special condition.

9.1.10 Field instruments shall support environmental temperatures of up to 80 C. In case of an
impossibility to meet this requirement, the use of the instrument shall be submitted to PETROBRAS
approval and it shall be protected against direct sun radiation incidence and heat transfer resulting
from nearby equipment.

9.1.11 Instruments, especially those applied in critical services or those requiring special attention
(example: H
2
S and H
2
) shall meet the requirements established on material piping specifications
regarding constructive aspect (materials, manufacturing process, inspection and tests).

9.1.12 All instrument parts in contact with process fluid shall be adequate to support designs pressure
and temperature of the pipe or associated equipment.

9.1.13 Unless specified differently in specific items of this Standard, the instrument and field
equipment enclosures shall have the following protection degree:

a) onshore facilities: IP-65;
b) offshore facilities: IP-56.

9.1.14 All instrument and electric equipment shall present certificates of protection type compatible to
their respective area classification, according to ABNT NBR IEC 60079-0 and INMETRO
Administrative Rule MDIC 179/2010.

9.1.15 The electrical connection of the instruments shall be 1/2 NPT. Exceptions shall be submitted to
PETROBRAS approval.

9.1.16 The instruments shall be specified to operate within the electric energy supply range.

9.1.17 The pneumatic connections of the instruments shall be 1/4 NPT.

9.1.18 The switches shall meet the following requirements:

a) have their contacts hermetically sealed;
b) the current capacity of the switches contacts shall be at least 2 A or 50 % greater than that
required in normal operation;
c) the operating voltage of the switches, in DC or AC, must be compatible with the power
supply of the circuit to which they are connected;
d) the process switches shall have an adjustable setpoint; the adjustment devices must be
internal; when they have external access, they shall be provided with protective cover.
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9.1.19 All instruments shall be supplied with AISI 316 stainless steel identification plates permanently
fixed to the instruments.

9.1.20 Instruments shall not be specified without consolidated use on the desired application or
without study approved by PETROBRAS regarding its applicability.

9.2 Temperature Instruments

9.2.1 Selection and Specification Criteria

9.2.1.1 The use of thermometers shall be restricted to applications where there is a need of operation
at the field and there is no available transmitter with local indication.

9.2.1.2 For remote measurement, a thermocouple or thermal resistance sensor shall be used.

9.2.1.3 For applications requiring higher measurement accuracy, with a PTE lower than 3 C,
thermal resistance sensors shall be used.

9.2.1.4 In control or interlocking loops, a temperature transmitter connected to the sensor element
shall be used.

9.2.1.5 For indication loops, it is recommended to use a temperature transmitter connected to the
sensor element. [Recommended Practice]

9.2.1.6 Sealed expansion systems shall not be used. Only for thermometers above 500 C the use of
sealed systems is accepted.

9.2.1.7 For the dimensioning of stems length, the values indicated in Appendix B shall be considered.

9.2.2 Thermometers

9.2.2.1 Sensor elements shall be bimetallic type for temperatures below 500 C.

9.2.2.2 Thermometers shall have the following general features:

a) display of, at least, 100 mm in diameter;
b) connection to well of 1/2 NPT;
c) stainless steel stem AISI 304 or 316 with a 6 mm external diameter;
d) measurement uncertainty: 1 % of span;
e) AISI 304 stainless steel box, with protection degree IP-55;
f) needle zero adjustment;
g) scales shall be made on white background with black characters.

9.2.2.3 In applications subject to vibration or measurement at lower temperature, it shall be used
bimetalic thermometers with liquid filling.

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9.2.2.4 It is recommended not to use thermometers with adjustable displays (every angle).

9.2.3 Thermocouples and Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD)

9.2.3.1 Thermocouples shall be of K type and shall follow the requirements established on
IEC 60584-1 with, in case it is not specified in the basic design, Class 2 tolerance according to IEC
60584-2.

9.2.3.2 RTD shall be on 3 or 4 wires, in platinum, with a standard of 100 ohms at 0C and shall comply
with the requirements established on IEC 60751 with, in case it is not specified in the basic design,
Class A tolerance.

9.2.3.3 In applications where the required accuracy by the process basic design is not met, according
to criterion established on 9.1.4, it shall be used transmitters programmed with the specific
Callendar-van Dusen coefficients for the respective RTD sensors. In this case the transmitters shall be
programmed by their manufacturer.

9.2.3.4 Thermocouples and RTD shall have mineral insulation and a AISI 316 stainless steel sheath.
In cases where the use of protection wells is not applicable, the sheath material shall be specified
according to the environment conditions. Example: skin point.

9.2.3.5 Sheath external diameter shall be of 6 mm.

9.2.3.6 All connections between thermal elements and cables for signal transmission shall be made at
the head of the thermal elements.

9.2.3.7 Serial or parallel connection of thermocouples for measurement of temperature difference or
average temperature, respectively, is not acceptable.

9.2.3.8 Thermocouples shall have an insulated measurement joint (not grounded).

9.2.3.9 All accessories, including well, head, terminal blocks and others, shall be supplied together by
the thermal elements manufacturer.

9.2.3.10 Heads shall have an IP-55 protection degree and be made in aluminum for onshore facilities
and AISI 316 stainless steel for offshore facilities. The cover of the heads shall have a retention chain
connected to the body.

9.2.3.11 The connection of the thermal element to the well shall be made through use of a union
together with nipples. All connections between the well and the thermal element shall be of 1/2 NPT.

9.2.4 Transmitters

9.2.4.1 Transmitters shall meet the general requirements defined on item 9.1 of this standard.

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9.2.4.2 Transmitters shall have enclosures with dual-compartment housing.

9.2.4.3 Miniature temperature transmitters (internally installed in the head of thermocouples or RTDs)
are not accepted.

9.2.5 Thermostats

Thermostats shall not be used, unless previously authorized by PETROBRAS.

9.2.6 Wells for Temperature Measurement Elements

9.2.6.1 All temperature sensor elements shall be protected with wells, unless otherwise specified in an

9.2.6.2 The wells shall be supplied together with sensor elements by the manufacturer, in order to
ensure that the sensor element is in contact with the bottom of the well.

9.2.6.3 The wells shall be machined from a AISI 316 stainless steel bar or, in case this material is not
suitable to the process conditions, from another material. The indication of the well material shall be
stamped on the flange.

9.2.6.4 The wells shall meet the requirements established on ASME PTC 19.3 TW regarding vibration
and tension aspects.

9.2.6.5 The wells shall be conical or, in case the conical does not meet the tension and vibration
requirements, step-shank type.

9.2.6.6 Wells dimensioning shall meet the requirements found on Appendix B.

9.2.6.7 On vessels, towers and tanks, as well as whenever the possibility of galvanic corrosion due to
contamination of the thread intervals with process fluid exists, flanged wells shall be used.

9.2.6.8 Whenever flanged process connections are required, the well flange shall be 1 1/2, unless the
compliance to the vibration and tension requirements on ASME PTC 19.3 TW require the use of a
higher diameter flange.

9.2.6.9 Whenever threaded connections are allowed, these shall be of 3/4 NPT.

9.2.6.10 On flanged wells, the well stem shall be fixed to the flange by means of welding and shall
follow the treatments and procedures established on PETROBRAS N-133. In these cases, the welding
certificates for the procedures and the executants qualification shall be supplied. In services with
presence of H
2
or H
2
S, this welding shall be of total penetration type.

9.2.6.11 Test wells shall be provided with plugs and chains, both in AISI 304 stainless steel.

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9.3 Pressure Instruments


9.3.1.1 The use of manometers shall be restricted to applications in which there are field operations
that needs local indication. In case there is a local indication already available through a transmitter,
the use of the manometer shall also be avoided.

9.3.1.2 The material for the parts in contact with the process fluid shall be AISI 316 stainless steel,
unless the process fluid demands other type of material.

9.3.1.3 In service facilities with compressed air, it is recommended that the material for the sensor
elements be bronze or brass. [Recommended Practice]

9.3.2 Manometers

9.3.2.1 Bourdon sensor elements are recommended. [Recommended Practice]

9.3.2.2 It is recommended the adoption of manometers made in compliance with ABNT NBR 14105.

9.3.2.3 The manometers shall meet the minimum requirements below:

a) display with 100 mm diameter;
b) manometer display shall be white and the numbers and characters in black;
c) 1/2 NPT connection, whenever the piping material specification allows;
d) box made on plastic or AISI 304;
e) balanced needle with micrometrical adjustment;
f) rupture disk at the rear;
g) socket shall be on the same material as that for the sensor element: AISI 316 stainless
steel .

9.3.2.4 Manometers with a scale above 20 kgf/cm shall have a solid front.

9.3.2.5 The manometer display shall be made of safety glass with, at least, a 75 % transparency. The
manometer cover shall be bayonet type.

9.3.2.6 Manometers with electrical contacts, digital contacts or those with needles to indicate
maximum pressure shall not be used.

9.3.2.7 The scale used in differential manometers shall directly indicate the value of the measured
differential pressure.

9.3.3 Transmitters

Transmitters shall meet the general requirements defined on item 9.1 of this standard.

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9.3.4 Pressure Switches

Pressure switches shall not be used, unless previously approved by PETROBRAS.

9.3.5 Accessories for Pressure Instruments

9.3.5.1 The manometer with pulsation dampeners shall be installed on services where occurs
pulsations of the process fluid, such as at discharge of alternative pumps and at suction and discharge
of alternative compressors.

9.3.5.2 In cases where the process' maximum pressure might exceed the instrument overpressure
limit, the instrument shall be supplied with overpressure limiters adjusted for the full scale value.

9.3.5.3 On piping and equipment with liquid and high temperatures, which might damage the
instrument, it shall be provided and installed additional length for the impulse lines, for the necessary
thermal dissipation. For applications where the process fluid is steam, use the siphon tube or cooling
serpentine.

9.3.5.4 For lines where the process fluid is corrosive, viscous, solidifiable or have a combination of
these properties, pressure instruments shall:

a) manometers: use the diaphragm seal;
b) transmitters: be installed with a sealing T or a diaphragm seal, according to the needs.

9.3.5.5 When selecting the diaphragm seal, the following shall be observed:

a) filling fluid compatibility with the process temperature;
b) diaphragm material adequacy to process fluid and to temperature and pressure limits;
c) diaphragm shall be integrated to the instrument supplied by the manufacturer and with a
flanged connection to the process;
d) capillary length shall be minimized in order not to allow any excess;
e) in differential pressure, temperature variations between the taps shall be considered for
filling fluid selection and the capillaries of each side shall have the same length.

9.3.5.6 Typical applications where the diaphragm seal shall be avoided:

a) flow rate measurement;
b) differential pressure measurement at the interior of towers;
c) measurement of low absolute pressure (vacuum).

9.4 Flow Rate Instruments

9.4.1 Selection Criteria

9.4.1.1 For measurement, it shall be used orifice plates with differential pressure transmitters or vortex
meters.
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9.4.1.2 Other types of instruments such as ultrasonic, coriolis, venturi, V-Cone, averaging pitot,
positive displacement, turbine, electromagnetic, and others, shall be used where their
use is required by process conditions, installation conditions and the service for which the meter is
intended.

9.4.1.3 For piping with internal diameter lower than 50 mm shall be used instruments, for local
indication and transmission, of the following types:

a) integral orifice;
b) vortex meter;
c) coriolis meter.

9.4.1.4 For services requiring only local flow rate indication, it shall be used rotameters, positive
displacement meters or sensors compatible with the application. For pipes with an internal diameter
lower than 50 mm, operating with non-toxic and non-flammable fluids, rotameters shall be used.

9.4.1.5 For flow rate measurement with the aim of legal metrology, the type of meter shall be defined
by PETROBRAS in an additional document and its specification shall meet the Standards below:

a) positive displacement for liquid measurement: API MPMS 5.2;
b) turbine for liquid measurement: API MPMS 5.3;
c) coriolis for liquid measurement: API MPMS 5.6;
d) ultrasonic meter for liquid measurement: API MPMS 5.8;
e) ultrasonic meter for gas measurement: AGA REPORT 9;
f) orifice plate for natural gas: API MPMS 14.3.1 or ISO 5167-1 and 5167-2;
g) provers for calibration of liquid meters: API MPMS 4.1 and API MPMS 4.5.

9.4.2 Orifice Plate Meters

9.4.2.1 For general applications, use concentric orifice plates with a sharp edge, according to ISO
5167-1 and 5167-2.

9.4.2.2 Sharp edge concentric orifice plates shall always be used, unless:

a) pipe diameter is below than that specified on ISO 5167-2, in this case use integral orifice;
b) reynolds number is below than that specified on ISO 5167-2, in this case use quadrant
edge orifice plate or conical entrance orifice plates;
c) process fluid containing suspension solids, in this case use eccentric or segmental orifice
plates.

9.4.2.3 The following requirements shall be met when specifying and sizing the orifice plate:

a) all calculation factors for the orifice plates shall be taken in normal operation flow
conditions;
b) for applications where a flow rate range between 5:1 and 9:1 is necessary, two differential
pressure transmitters shall be used, upon consulting the process engineering for
confirmation of these operational conditions;
c) whenever only one transmitter is used, the maximum operation flow rate shall be at most
equal to 95 % of the maximum calculated flow rate;
d) it is recommended that the normal operation flow rate be situated between 50 % and
80 % of the maximum calculated flow rate; [Recommended Practice]
e) minimum operation flow rate shall be at least 20% of the maximum calculated flow rate;
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f) maximum calculated flow rate shall be always rounded up to a multiple of 10, in order to
facilitate the scale factor;
g) it is recommended that the differential pressure for plate calculation, as well as the upper
limit of the transmitter range be equal to 2 500 mmH
2
O; [Recommended Practice]
h) when it is not possible to choose this value, it is recommended to adopt greater or lower
values, with intervals of 250 mmH
2
O, limited to the maximum permanent head loss
allowable by the process for the meter. Ex: 1 250 mm H
2
O, 2 000 mmH
2
O and
3 000 mmH
2
O; [Recommended Practice]
i) use pressure taps at the flanges, unless otherwise specified on an additional document;
j) for quadrant edge, conical entrance and eccentric orifice plates, use ISO TR 15377 as
reference;
k) the integral orifices shall be avoided in fluids containing suspended solids;
l) the plates material shall be AISI 316 stainless steel, unless service conditions require
another material;
m) the dimensions and shape for sharp edge orifice plates shall meet the limits established
on ISO 5167-2;
n) the recommended thickness for sharp edge orifice plates shall follow Table 1.

Table 1 - Line Nominal Diameter versus Plate Thickness

Line nominal diameter Plate thickness
2 to 6 1/8
8 to 14 1/4
16 to 20 3/8

9.4.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in an additional document, the finishing of the plate surface in
contact with the sealing joint shall follow the same standard (roughness and slots) for the orifice flange
face, as determined by ASME B16.5.

9.4.2.5 The orifice flanges shall meet the recommendations of ASME B16.36.

9.4.2.6 The lengths of straight sections required for measurement upstream and downstream,
according to ISO 5167-2, shall be considered during design elaboration.

9.4.3 Vortex Type Meters

9.4.3.1 Specification and installation shall follow the recommendations of the manufacturer and ISO
TR 12764.

9.4.3.2 In the specification for these meters, minimum operation flow rate shall be above the flow rate
cut-off value of the meter.

9.4.3.3 For the installation at places with difficult access, the transmitter shall be supplied for remote
installation in order to be accessible from floor or platforms.

9.4.3.4 The meter shall be specified in order to allow the sensor element replacement without the
need to stop the process.

9.4.3.5 Vortex meters shall not be used in fluids with suspended solids.

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9.4.3.6 The length for straight sections required for measurement upstream and downstream,
according to ISO TR 12764, shall be considered during design elaboration.

9.4.4 Venturi, Flow Nozzles, Pitot and V-Cone Meters

9.4.4.1 Venturi

9.4.4.1.1 Venturi sizing and specification shall follow the recommendations on ISO 5167-4.

9.4.4.1.2 Typical Applications:

a) whenever low head loss is required;
b) lines in presence of suspended solids;
c) rectangular section ducts;
d) whenever it is necessary more than two differential pressure measurements taps (e.g:
measurement redundancy).

9.4.4.1.3 The length of the straight sections required for measurement upstream and downstream,

9.4.4.2 Flow Nozzles

9.4.4.2.1 Flow nozzles sizing and specification shall follow the recommendations on
ISO 5167-3.

9.4.4.2.2 Typical applications: whenever flow rate measurement at high speed flow is required.

9.4.4.2.3 The length of straight sections required for measurement upstream and downstream,

9.4.4.3 Averaging Pitot Tubes

9.4.4.3.1 Sizing, specification and installation design for averaging Pitot tubes shall follow the
recommendations of the manufacturer and ASME MFC-12M.

9.4.4.3.2 Typical applications:

a) large diameter lines where the meters presented on ISO 5167-1, 5167-2, 5167-3 and
5167-4 are not applicable;
b) whenever a insignificant head loss is required.

9.4.4.4 V-Cone

9.4.4.4.1 V-Cone sizing, specification and installation design shall follow manufacturers
recommendations.

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9.4.4.4.2 Typical applications:

a) measurement locations with little straight section available upstream;
b) whenever a low permanent head loss is required.

9.4.5 Restriction Orifices

9.4.5.1 Restriction orifices shall be used to generate a permanent head loss in liquid or gas flow or
when it is required to limit gas flow rate in critical flow condition.

9.4.5.2 For restriction orifice sizing in a sub-critical flow condition, it shall be adopted the sizing
procedure of a sharp edge orifice plate by means of the reference flow rate and the upper limit value
of the associated range that generates the permanent head loss desired by the process. In an
approximate way, it can be considered that plates with taps at the tubes (pipe taps) have an upper
range limit equal to the permanent head loss.

9.4.5.3 For restriction orifice sizing in critical flow condition, use the expression on Appendix C.

9.4.5.4 Construction material shall be in AISI 316 stainless steel unless process conditions require
another material.

9.4.5.5 Minimum thickness for restriction orifices shall be determined according to the criteria
presented on Appendix D.

9.4.6 Ultrasonic Flow Meters

9.4.6.1 Ultrasonic meter shall have, by measurement principle, the transit time and be of insertion type
assembled on a spool. External type meters shall only be used upon approval by PETROBRAS.

9.4.6.2 Specification and installation design shall follow the requirements on API MPMS 5.8 (for
liquids) and AGA REPORT 9 (for gases).

9.4.6.3 Typical applications:

a) wherever theres a need for a lower measurement uncertainty in relation to those
obtained with orifice plates and vortexes;
b) wherever theres a need for a higher range than those obtained with orifice plates and
vortexes;
c) wherever an insignificant head loss is required;
d) high viscosity products;
e) legal metrology for natural gas measurement.

9.4.7 Coriolis Flow Meters

9.4.7.1 Specification shall follow manufacturers recommendations, ISO 10790 and, in case of legal
metrology for liquids, API MPMS 5.6.

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9.4.7.2 It shall be verified if the associated head loss meets process conditions.


a) wherever theres a need for a lower measurement uncertainty in relation to those
obtained with orifice plates and vortexes;
b) wherever theres a need of a higher range than those obtained with orifice plates and
vortexes;
c) wherever mass flow rate measurement is required;
d) high viscosity products;
e) little availability of straight sections in the installation.

9.4.8 Variable Area Meters (Rotameters)

9.4.8.1 Specification and installation design shall follow manufacturers recommendations and ASME
MFC-18M.

9.4.8.2 Non-metallic rotameters shall only be used in local indications for non-toxic flammable or
corrosive fluids and in lines lower than 2.

9.4.8.3 In other situations, rotameters with metallic tubes, vertical input and side output shall be used,
being the floater removable by the top of the meter body and with magnetic coupling.

9.4.8.4 Rotameters shall be specified in order to place normal flow rate between 50 % to 60 % of the
meter range.

9.4.8.5 Connections to the piping shall be compatible with the line pressure class, being normally
flanged for process lines.

9.4.9 Positive Displacement Meters

9.4.9.1 Specification shall follow manufacturers recommendations and those on API MPMS 5.2.


a) flow rate totalization on liquid services without suspended solids;
b) bunker (ship fuel) mixer unit;
c) legal metrology systems for viscous products.

9.4.10 Turbine Type Meters

9.4.10.1 Specification and installation design shall follow manufacturers recommendations and API
MPMS 5.3.

9.4.10.2 Turbine meters shall not be used in fluids with suspended solids.
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a) legal metrology systems for low viscosity liquids and gases;
b) in-line blending systems.

9.4.11 Electromagnetic type Meters

9.4.11.1 Specification and installation design shall follow manufacturers recommendations and ASME
MFC-16.


a) water;
b) fluids with suspended solids;
c) corrosive fluids;
d) whenever an insignificant head loss is desired;
e) fluids with physical property variations.

9.4.12 Transmitters

Transmitters shall meet the general requirements defined on item 9.1 herein.

9.4.13 Flow Switches

9.4.13.1 Flow switches shall only be used in applications whose function is detection of flow presence
or absence.

9.4.13.2 Flow switches with movable parts are not acceptable.

9.4.13.3 Whenever it is necessary to detect pre-determined values, different from zero, a flow rate
transmitter shall be used.

9.5 Level Measurement Instruments


9.5.1.1 For level indication in vessels and towers, gauge glasses shall be used and in tanks shall be
used ruler level indicator.

9.5.1.2 All tanks without a remote level indication shall have, at least, a local level indicator.

9.5.1.3 For level measurement in vessels and towers, it shall be used electronic instruments, such as
differential pressure type or guided wave radars. Other kinds of instruments, such as: displacer type,
radar, capacitive, ultrasonic, conductivity, radioactive, bubbling, servo-operated, magnetostrictive and
others shall be used whenever its use is required by process conditions.

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9.5.1.4 When measuring level for legal metrology purpose, the meter shall be defined by
PETROBRAS and shall follow API MPMS 3.3.

9.5.1.5 Level instrument installation shall have appropriate heating, with steam jacket, steam trace or
electric trace, whenever the operations handle viscous products, subject to solidification at ambient
temperature.
9.5.1.6 All parts in contact with the process fluid, such as: flanges, displacers, diaphragms, plugs, shall
be made of AISI 316 stainless steel, except when process conditions require a different material.

9.5.1.7 Instruments with associated electronics used in services with temperatures higher than 200 C
or lower than 0 C shall be provided with extension.

9.5.1.8 Whenever external chamber instruments are used, the chamber body shall be flanged, in order
to allow for instrument removal. The installation of instruments internally to the equipment shall be
subject to previous approval by PETROBRAS.

9.5.2 Gauge Glasses

9.5.2.1 Reflex gauge glasses shall be used in applications with transparent, clean and non-viscous
fluids.

9.5.2.2 Transparent gauge glasses shall be used in the applications below:

a) dark colored products;
b) distinct color liquids interface;
c) distilled products with a density lower than 25 API and distilled residues, products that
might attack the glass with water steam and caustic soda, and that require the protective
coating of Mica or Kel-F.

9.5.2.3 Tubular glass level gauge are allowed in non-pressurized vessels containing inflammable, non-
toxic and non-corrosive products that operate in temperatures lower than 90 C, as long as the
protection rods do not exceed 760 mm in length.

9.5.2.4 Gauge glasses shall encompass the ranges of all other level measurement instruments.

9.5.2.5 Whenever the gauge glass range is higher than 3 400 mm, it is recommended the use of
gauge glasses encompassing only the points of minimum, normal, and maximum level, alarm and
interlocking. In this case, the visible section of each gauge glass shall be of at least 500 mm.

9.5.2.6 Reflex and transparent gauge glasses, made of plain glass, shall only use sections with glass
in nominal dimension 7 and 9, the maximum number of sections being limited to 5.

9.5.2.7 When the range to be encompassed requires more than one display, gauge glasses shall be
placed in order not to miss the indication continuity.

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9.5.2.8 Gauge glasses shall be supplied with safety spheres and drain and relief valves, with a
connection compatible with the piping material specifications.

9.5.2.9 Display body material shall be compatible with the material specifications for the piping or the
equipment.

9.5.2.10 Illuminators shall be avoided on the gauge glasses, except on indication of the interface
between two liquids or when it is strictly necessary, being the enclosure protection compatible with the
area classification.

9.5.2.11 For low temperature applications, gauge glasses shall be provided with anti-freeze extension.

9.5.3 Magnetic Level Gauge

9.5.3.1 Magnetic level gauges shall be used in services with toxic fluids (e.g.: H
2
S), or those whose
properties are altered under light (e.g: peroxide), as long as the restrictions on 9.5.3.2 are met.

9.5.3.2 Magnetic level gauges shall not be applied in the following conditions:

a) whenever the process fluid with solids occurrence, have characteristic of fouling,
crystallizing or are subject to paraffin deposition in operational conditions; In process
temperatures higher than 190
o
C;
b) process fluid with viscosity higher than 400 cSt in operational conditions.

9.5.3.3 The floater shall move freely inside the measurement column, without stems or leading cables
for their course along the measurement column.

9.5.3.4 When applicable for interface measurement level, the upper fluid specific gravity in operational
conditions shall be lower than 85 % of the lower fluid specific gravity (p
sup
/p
inf
< 0,85).

9.5.3.5 Magnetic level gauges body material shall be adequate to the process fluid and to the material
specification for the piping or the equipment.

9.5.3.6 The chamber where the indicating device is installed shall have an IP-68 protective degree.

9.5.4 Differential Pressure Level Meter

9.5.4.1 Differential pressure level meters shall be used in general applications.

9.5.4.2 Differential pressure level meters shall be avoided on level or interface level measurement,
whenever these imply in ranges lower than 300 mm H
2
O. In these conditions, it shall be evaluated the
PTE introduced in the measurement due to possible sealing fluid loss in the impulse taps.

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9.5.4.3 Differential pressure analog level transmitters shall have the material of the parts in contact
with the process fluid on AISI 316 stainless steel, unless process conditions require a different
material.

9.5.4.4 The use of differential pressure instruments, with remote diaphragm seal, shall be restricted to
the following applications:

a) whenever it is difficult to ensure the integrity of conventional sealing;
b) service with viscous, toxic or corrosive products;
c) vacuum services.

9.5.4.5 Remote diaphragm seals shall not be used in measurements where the range is small (usually
below 500 mm) and the error provided by the seal-meter set might cause problems for the
measurement.

9.5.4.6 Whenever the remote diaphragm seal is used, the following aspects shall be considered:

a) 3 diaphragm diameter;
b) capillaries with the same and smallest possible length, avoiding exceeding length
wrapped next to the instrument;
c) external mechanical protection for the capillaries;
d) filling fluid compatible with the lowest pressure and the highest process temperature.

9.5.5 Guided Wave Radar Meter

9.5.5.1 Guided wave radar meters shall be used in general applications.

9.5.5.2 Guided wave radar meters are applicable in liquid, solid and interface level measurements.

9.5.5.3 Whenever applied on level measurement, the fluid dielectric constant, or relative permittivity
(
r
) shall be higher than 1.9 (
r
> 1,9).

9.5.5.4 Whenever applied on measurement of interface level between liquids, the following conditions
shall be met:

a) the dielectric constant (
r
) of the lower fluid shall be greater than 19 (
r
>19 ), and greater
than ten times the dielectric constant of the upper fluid (
ri
/
rs
>10 );
b) In the presence of the emulsion, this shall not be greater than 50 mm.

9.5.5.5 In case 9.5.5.4 a) cannot be met, the measurement based on the floater position is allowed,
with the floater dimensioned in order to be stable in the interface position as long as:

a) the process fluid does not have fouling characteristic, dos not polymerize, does not
crystallize or doesnt be subject to paraffin deposition in operational conditions;
b) the specific gravity of the upper fluid in operational conditions be lower than 85 % of the
specific gravity for the inferior fluid ( p
sup
/p
inf
< 0,85 );
c) the process fluid have viscosity lower than 400 cSt in operational conditions.

9.5.5.6 It shall be avoided in services where the process fluid, given its characteristics, is subject to
fouling, polymerization, crystallization or paraffin deposition in operation conditions.

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9.5.5.7 The wave guide shall be adequate to the process fluid.

9.5.6 Contactless Radar Meter

9.5.6.1 Contactless radar is made of meters with cone or directive antennas, applicable in vessels or
process tanks in general.

9.5.6.2 Contactless radar meters shall be of the two wire type, and can have the electronic unit
assembled with segregated local indication for the probe for easy visualization of the process variable
and maintenance access.

9.5.6.3 In case of toxic fluids, it is recommended that its installation be at the top of the measurement
bottles or on an exclusive stand-pipe for application. These shall be provided with block valves for the
process. [Recommended Practice]

9.5.6.4 It shall not be applied in case of fluids susceptible to foam formation.

9.5.6.5 Antenna material shall be adequate to the condensation of the process gas phase.

9.5.7 Ultrasonic Meter

9.5.7.1 It shall be applied only in channels or open reservoirs, for liquid or solid level measurement.

9.5.7.2 It shall not be used in applications with presence of dust, mist or foam.

9.5.8 Displacer Type Measurement

9.5.8.1 Displacer meters can be used for interface level measurement.

9.5.8.2 Displacer instruments shall be restricted to ranges of up to 1 200 mm.

9.5.8.3 These shall be of the torsion tube type and floater installed in an external chamber provided
with block valves and connections for drain.

9.5.9 Capacitive Type Transmitter

9.5.9.1 Applicable on level measurement of interface between two liquids.

9.5.9.2 The applications on interface measurement shall be restricted whenever dielectric constants or
relative permittivity (
r
) for inferior and superior fluids present the following characteristics:

a) have well-known values and its relative difference greater than a 10:1 ratio in normal
operation conditions (
ri
/
rs
> 10 or
rs
/
ri
> 10);
b) they are stable in regards to the variations of process conditions prescribed by design.

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9.5.9.3 Capacitive transmitters shall not be adopted on interface measurement in processes subject to
emulsion formation between fluids whose amplitude is uncertain or variable or, in case it is known, this
is greater than 20% of the measurement range.

9.5.9.4 Capacitive transmitters shall have a rigid stem for applications with measurement ranges lower
than two meters.

9.5.10 Level Switches

9.5.10.1 Level switches shall not be used, unless previously authorized by PETROBRAS.

9.5.10.2 If these need to be used, it is recommended the use of vibration type level switches.

9.5.10.3 For punctual level detection in steam generation boilers drum, electrode type (conductivity)
switches is acceptable.

9.5.10.4 Admittance type instruments shall be applied on punctual detection of interface or emulsion
level, as long as the relative dielectric constants (
r
) for the involved fluids have a ratio greater than
10:1, that is,
r1
/
r2
> 10, (e.g.: emulsion level detection in dissalter).

9.5.11 Level Measurement in Storage Tanks (Telemetering)

9.5.11.1 In storage tanks, radar technology or servo-operated level meters shall be used. When it is
indispensable the associated measurement of fluid specific gravity and interface (water ballast) the
servo-operated meter shall be used.

9.5.11.2 A still pipe shall be used in the following cases:

a) tanks operating with floating roof or floating seal;
b) tanks operating with shakers or mixers;
c) fluids subject to bubbling;
d) pressurized tanks, such as LPG spheres.

9.5.11.3 The materials of these instruments which are in contact with the gas vapor internally to the
tanks, such as: antenna, wave guide, still pipe, cables and floater shall be compatible with the process
characteristics to which they are subject.

9.6 Control Valves

9.6.1 Selection

9.6.1.1 With the applicability limits being respected, the valve type adopted for usual services shall be,
in order of preference:

a) cage globe valves, rotating segmental ball valves or eccentric plug valves;
b) single seat conventional globe valves;
c) butterfly valves.
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NOTE Other valve types can be used in case that the mentioned types are not the best solution.

9.6.1.2 It can be adopted the recommendations for valve selection and specification on plants referred
on API RP 553. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.1.3 In liquid services with high temperature and with possibility of coke formation at the internal
parts of the valve, it shall be given preference to the use of rotative valves of segmental ball type or
eccentric plug type. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.1.4 In services with suspended solids or whenever there is risk of erosion, it shall be given
preference to the use of angular globe valves or eccentric plugs. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.1.5 Control valves operating with toxic fluids shall be specified to meet fugitive emission control
requirements. The relation of toxic products as well as their minimum concentration values shall be
defined in an additional document or in the basic design.

9.6.1.6 For fugitive emission control, it is recommended the use of rotative valves with double gaskets
and springs to keep the load constant on the gaskets. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.1.7 Butterfly valves can be applied in big diameters lines and in services where there is little
differential pressure available for pressure loss at the valve. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.1.8 Auto-operated and pilot operated valves for pressure and temperature control are accepted in
the following situations: [Recommended Practice]

a) auxiliary systems with no significant variation for pressure and flow rate;
b) auxiliary services in systems that doesnt operate in a continuous way;
c) whenever there is no instrument air available.

9.6.1.9 In services requiring deviation/mixing of flow (e.g.: thermal exchange control in heat
exchangers), it is recommended to avoid three way globe valves of the divergent/convergent type due
to the complexity of its installation and the difficulties for future interventions. In these cases, it shall be
given preference to the use of two valves in split-range configuration. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.1.10 The use of solenoid valves installed directly in the process piping shall be subject to previous
approval by PETROBRAS.

9.6.1.11 Internal and/or external valve heating shall be considered in situations where the fluid might
solidify at ambient temperature. Examples: sulfur and asphalt.

9.6.2 Sizing

9.6.2.1 For CV control valves sizing IEC 60534-2-1 shall be used, being mandatory, in all operation
conditions, the verification and an adequate treatment for the following items:
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a) critical flow, vaporization and cavitation;
b) viscosity influence over liquid flow;
c) noise level estimate on gases according to IEC 60534-8-3, and liquids, according to
IEC 60534-8-4;
d) speed limit at valve input;
e) inherent flow rate characteristics;
f) minimum diameter in gas flow, in order to avoid sonic speeds at valve output.

9.6.2.2 In relation to control valve rangeability and selection of CV at 100% opening, control valves
shall meet the the following criteria:

a) calculated CV at maximum condition shall correspond to an opening lower than 90% of its
total course;
b) calculated CV at minimum condition shall correspond to an opening greater than 10% of
its total course;
c) in case it is not possible to meet the limits defined above with one control valve,
conventional or special with high rangeability, use two control valves in parallel. This
alternative shall be submitted to approval by PETROBRAS.

9.6.2.3 It is recommended that the calculated CV in normal operation condition remain between 30 %
to 70 % range of the control valve opening. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.2.4 For sizing of parallel valves due to high rangeability, it shall be ensured that the calculated CV
in normal operation condition is between 20 % to 80 % of any valve opening. [Recommended
Practice]

9.6.2.5 For butterfly valves, the following criteria shall be considered:

a) calculated CV in maximum condition to be limited to 70 degrees of the control valve
opening;
b) calculated CV in minimum condition to be limited to 10 degrees of the control valve
opening.

9.6.2.6 Control valves shall not operate with a very low differential pressure, typically lower than 0,1
kgf/cm
2
. [Recommended Practice]

9.6.2.7 Cavitation shall be treated through one of the following alternatives:

a) changes on process conditions, such as valve position change in flow systems;
b) use of control valve with anti-cavitation trim. In these cases it shall be evaluated the
possibility of clogging when using in services with liquids in presence of solids.

9.6.2.8 It is not accepted the use of restriction orifices to reduce or eliminate cavitation condition.

9.6.2.9 The maximum admissible noise level is 85 dbA at 1m from the valve. Noise levels above this
value shall be reduced through one of the following alternatives:

a) use of a control valve with trim for noise reduction;
b) use of external devices for noise reduction (dampers and silencers).
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9.6.2.10 Speed limit at valve entrance shall be in compliance with Table 2.

Table 2 - Speed Limits at Control Valve Entrance

Service Recommended Value Maximum Accepted Value
Gases and vapors < 0,3 MACH 0,5 MACH
Liquids < 7 m/s 10 m/s

9.6.3 Inherent Flow Rate Characteristics

9.6.3.1 Flow rate characteristic shall be chosen according to the following criteria:

X = (AP)/(APs)

Whence:
AP is the differential pressure at the valve in normal operation flow rate;
APs is the total dynamic differential pressure of the system in which the valve is inserted,
including the valve AP in normal operation flow rate.

NOTE Static pressure values shall not be considered.

Therefore:
a) for X > 0,6 use linear characteristics;
b) for 0,4 < X < 0,6 use modified parabolic or equal percentage characteristic;
c) for 0,3 s X s 0,4 use or equal percentage characteristic;
d) avoid X < 0.3, because valve control capacity is compromised in this range.

9.6.3.2 Exceptionally, whenever the head loss is unknown, the following criteria shall be adopted:

a) valves in pump and compressor recirculation and services that align plant regions of high
pressure to low pressure shall have linear characteristic;
b) for all other situations, use equal percentage characteristics.

9.6.3.3 The selected flow rate characteristics shall be obtained by the valve trim. Characteristics
adjustments through positioners shall be submitted to PETROBRAS approval.

9.6.4 Constructive Characteristics

9.6.4.1 The leakage class of control valve seating shall follow IEC 60534-4.

9.6.4.2 Dimensions and connections:

a) the connection types shall be in compliance with material and piping specifications;
b) the smallest control valve body of allowed is 3/4;
c) control valve body diameter smaller than half the nominal pipe diameter shall be
submitted to piping experts analysis;
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d) face-to-face dimensions:
globe: according to pressure class and connection type, shall meet ISA 75.08.01, ISA
75.08.05, or ISA 75.08.06;
rotative segmental ball or eccentric disc: ISA 75.08.2;
ball: ASME B16.10;
butterfly: API STD 609.

9.6.4.3 Bonnet:

a) bonnets shall be connected to the body by flange;
b) all valves shall have an indicator of opening position by means of devices connected to
the stem (linear) or to the axis (rotative).

9.6.4.4 Materials:

a) the material for manufacturing of the control valve body and trim shall be in compliance
with the piping material specifications for control valves, taking into consideration the type
of fluid, such as hydrogen sulfide gas (H
2
S), hydrogen (H
2
) etc. For the valve trim, other
types of material, according to control valve manufacturer standard, can be used
provided that they are submitted to PETROBRASs approval;
b) hardened trim shall be used in the following cases:
AP greater than 10 kgf/cm
2
;
fluids containing solid particles;
vaporization or cavitation.

9.6.4.5 Control valves shall be supplied with identification plates in AISI 316 stainless steel, attached
to the body of the valves, with the engraving of the respective tags, CV, model, body material,
manufacturer, diameter, type, characteristic and pressure class.

9.6.5 Actuators

9.6.5.1 Control valve actuators shall be pneumatic. Application of other types of actuators, such as
hydraulic, electro-hydraulic or electric engine shall be restricted to special services and their
application shall be subjected to previous approval by PETROBRAS.

9.6.5.2 Dynamic response (actuation speeds) for the actuator set and control valve shall be observed
in regards to its adequacy to the process to be controlled.

9.6.5.3 Failure mode for the valve/actuator set shall be in compliance with design requirements due to
plant safety. Examples: fail open, fail close or fail stationary.

9.6.5.4 Whenever the fail stationary mode is required, use preferably double action actuators. The
alternative use of return by spring with a pneumatic retention valve shall be submitted to
PETROBRAS approval.

9.6.6 Positioners

Positioners shall have the following characteristics:

a) be electronic, microprocessed and programmable;
b) provide signal reception in the same physical means of the electrical supply (two wires)
and operate in 24 VCC, with a maximum loop resistance of 600 ohms;
c) monitoring of stem/disc grasping or gasket tightening;
d) be able to store valve linearization curves;
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e) be provided with indication of air supply pressure, indication of positioner output signal
and indication of valve position.

9.6.7 Accessories

9.6.7.1 Handwheels shall be used whenever the control valves are installed without a bypass.

9.6.7.2 Handwheels shall not be used in auto-operated valves.

9.6.7.3 The regulating filter valve is a mandatory accessory, and shall have a filtering element for 5 m
solid particles, metallic body and incorporated drain.

9.7 On-off Valves

9.7.1 General

The criteria below are applicable to valves assisted by an actuator and associated to control and
interlocking loops.

9.7.2 Valve

9.7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the basic design, on-off valves in interlocking loops shall be of
ball type or, for diameters higher than 2, butterfly type with triple eccentricity.

9.7.2.2 Unless otherwise specified in the basic design, on-off valves in control loops can be of ball
type with double eccentricity or butterfly type with triple eccentricity.

9.7.2.3 In case it is required by the particular process conditions, other constructive types can be used
for blocking services, as long as these are subjected to PETROBRAS previous approval .

9.7.2.4 Gate valves shall be associated only to remote command systems, with motorized actuation.

9.7.2.5 Valve body material specification shall follow the corresponding piping specifications for block
valves. Different material specification shall be subjected to PETROBRAS approval.

9.7.2.6 Valves shall meet leakage requirements established by the basic design or by piping
specification. In the absence of leakage requirements defined by the basic design or piping
specification, valves shall meet the requirements on ISO 5208, as determined below:

a) valves with resilient seat: Grade A;
b) valves with metal-metal seat: Grade D.

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9.7.2.7 Fire Tested Type:

a) when it is required by the basic design that the valves be fire tested, these shall meet the
test requirements defined by ISO 10497;
b) they shall have a certificate issued by a certifier authority recognized by PETROBRAS.

9.7.2.8 Unless specified otherwise in the basic design, interlocking loop valves shall meet the acting
time for failure position established in 1s per inch of the valve nominal diameter. Values above this
shall be submitted to PETROBRAS approval.

9.7.3 Actuators

9.7.3.1 Actuators shall be of pneumatic type with spring return or, in case it is required by position
failure, double action type pneumatic.

9.7.3.2 As long as these are submitted to PETROBRAS approval, or specified in the basic design,
double action pneumatic or hydraulic actuators can replace spring return valves, wherever this implies
in:

a) very high actuator dimension;
b) when occur structural difficulties to pipe design and its support.

9.7.3.3 Pneumatic actuators shall be dimensioned to move the valve at a minimum air pressure of 4,5
kgf/cm
2
and support a maximum air pressure of 10 kgf/cm
2
.

9.7.3.4 Whenever the air reservoir or hydraulic accumulators are required, if sizing has not been
defined on the basic design, the air reservoir or the hydraulic accumulators shall be dimensioned for
two total opening and total closing valve cycles, during the condition of lack of external supply for
pneumatic or hydraulic energy.

9.7.3.5 In case an air reservoir is necessary, it shall be verified the need of compliance to the
technical specifications related to pressure vessels, according to Brazilian Regulation Standard
number 13 (NR-13).

9.7.3.6 Actuators shall be provided with accessories properly integrated to the set, such as: position
switches, pilot valves /solenoids, flow regulators and/or booster valves.

9.7.4 Accessories

9.7.4.1 General

9.7.4.1.1 The accessory casing shall have the following protection degree:

a) IP-65 for onshore facilities;
b) IP-56 for offshore facilites.

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9.7.4.1.2 The casing materials shall be:

a) for offshore facilities AISI 316 stainless steel;
b) for onshore facilities cast aluminum or reinforced plastic with fiber glass.

9.7.4.1.3 All on-off valves shall have a visual position indicator.

9.7.4.2 Solenoid Valve

a) these shall be of electrical start-up, on 24 VDC and power not higher than 2 Watts;
b) isolation class for the solenoid valve spools shall be adequate to ambient temperature,
being class F the minimum admissible class;
c) solenoid valve body pneumatic connections shall be threaded, with a diameter not inferior
to 1/4 NPT;
d) on onshore facilities, the body shall be in brass and on offshore facilites, it shall be made
of stainless steel AISI-316.

9.7.4.3 Position Switch

9.7.4.3.1 It shall be the magnetic type, hermetically encapsulated.

9.7.4.3.2 In on-off valves associated to control loops, it is recommended the use of position switches
both for open valve position and closed valve position. [Recommended Practice]

9.7.4.3.3 In on-off valves associated to interlocking loops, it is recommended the use of position
switches according to the criteria below. [Recommended Practice]

a) for safety position fail-close, adopt position switch in the closed valve position;
b) for safety position fail-open, adopt position switch in the closed and open valve positions.

9.7.4.3.4 Position switches shall not be adopted in on-off control valves acting as shutters or dampers
(admission ducts or exhausts in blowers, boilers and furnaces). In these cases, an analog position
transmitter with two wires shall be adopted (4-20 mA).

9.7.4.3.5 Position switch contacts shall follow the positive logic criteria using the NA contact, that is,
Signal True = Closed Contact. In positive logic we will have:

a) closed valve: ZSL closed and ZSH open;
b) open valve: ZSL open and ZSH closed.

9.7.4.4 Regulating Filter Valve

Regulating filter valve is a mandatory accessory and shall possess a filtering element for 40 m solid
particles, metallic body and incorporated drain.

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9.8 Relief and Safety Valves

9.8.1 Selection and Sizing

9.8.1.1 Selection and sizing of relief and safety valves shall be in compliance with API STD 520 Pt I.

9.8.1.2 The values for the setpoint pressure of relief and safety valve shall lie between the design
pressure and the MAWP for the equipment or system to be protected. Variations around this setpoint
pressure for valves installed in paralel shall meet the range defined on API 520

9.8.1.3 The relief and safety valve of the conventional type shall be used whenever the value of the
superimposed counterpressure is constant and whenever the value of the developed counterpressure
is less than 10% of the setpoint pressure.

9.8.1.4 The relief and safety valve of the balanced type shall be used whenever the value of the
superimposed counterpressure is variable.

9.8.1.5 It is recommended to use safety and relief valve of the balanced type by fole in services with
toxic, corrosive and viscous fluids. [Recommended Practice]

9.8.1.6 The relief and safety valve of the pilot operated type can be used whenever it is previously
approved by PETROBRAS, specifically in the conditions below:

a) high variable counterpressures that prevent sizing for the balanced valve;
b) operating pressure very close to pressure setpoint, which might difficult the complete
closing of the valve after its opening.

9.8.1.7 Pilot operated valves shall not be used for fluids with suspended solids.

9.8.1.8 The relief and safety valve actuated by pin can be used in the following cases, as long as they
are subject to previous approval by PETROBRAS:

a) protection for systems not covered by the ASME codes and subject to low pressure
setpoints;
b) in redundancy to conventional valves protecting equipment covered by ASME BPVC
Section I and BPVC VIII Division 1.

9.8.1.9 The orifice areas of relief and safety valves shall be designed by letters, according to API STD
526. An effective area above the established by API STD 526, for the respective designation of orifice,
is accepted provided that the flow capacity of this orifice meet or exceeds the flow capacity defined on
API STD 526 for the orifice designed by the respective letter. The dimensions for input and output
nozzles also shall be standardized according to API STD 526. For relief of a small fluid quantity, which
required area is much smaller than the D orifice, effective areas and nozzles dimensions in
compliance with vendors standard area accepted. The supplying of special valves for orifice areas
greater than the T orifice shall be submitted to PETROBRASs previous approval.

9.8.1.10 For selection of material and flange pressure class, the reference values for specification
shall be pressure setpoint, design temperature and the type of process fluid.

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9.8.2 General Characteristics

9.8.2.1 Safety valves shall have flanged connections. When the pipe specification allows, threaded
connections can be used in the following cases:

a) thermal relief services;
b) with entry nozzle s 1.

9.8.2.2 Conventional safey and relief valves shall have an open bonnet in water steam services,
defined by ASME BPVC Section I.

9.8.2.3 Conventional safety and relief valves shall have a closed bonnet for all other cases.

9.8.2.4 Balanced safety and relief valves shall have a closed and vented bonnet.

9.8.2.5 Spring adjustment screw shall be protected by a threaded cap.

9.8.2.6 Upstream and downstream piping installation design for relief and safety valves shall be in
compliance with API RP 520 Pt II.

9.8.2.7 Safety valves in redundant arrangement shall be adopted only with the block valve
handwheels mechanically interlocked upstream. Both block valves downstream shall be always locked
open. Alternatively, it is permitted three-way valves and valves with handwheels locked with padlocks
or equivalent devices, where the opening sequence shall be done by operational procedure.

9.8.3 Technical Requirements

9.8.3.1 On the certified drawings for relief and safety valves, the spring pressure range shall be
presented. The valve shall permit adjustments of +/- 5% around the reference value, according to
ASME BPCV Section I and Section VIII. Greater values are acceptable as long as they are permitted
by the supplier.

9.8.3.2 Relief and safety valve leakage shall be in compliance with STD 527.

9.8.3.3 The relief and safety valves shall be supplied with identification plates in stainless steel, permanently fixed
on the valve body, with engraving of the respective tags, pressure setpoint, model, manufacturer, diameter, and
type and pressure class for both input and output connections and other main characteristics.

9.8.3.4 All relief and safety valves installed to protect equipment designed according to ASME BPVC
Section I and BPVC Section VIII Divisions 1, 2 and 3 for boilers and pressure vessels, shall have relief
capacity certificates.

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9.8.4 Accessories

Jackets with heating at the valves body shall be used whenever the valve works with solidifiable
liquids at ambient temperature, except for those cases when an rupture disc is being used upstream.

9.9 Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves

The selection and sizing of pressure and vacuum relief valve shall follow ISO 28300 and shall have
relief capacity certificates. If flame arresters devices are installed together with these valves, the
ISO 16852 requirements shall be complied.

9.10 Rupture Discs

9.10.1 Rupture discs shall be avoided.

9.10.2 Rupture discs can be used on services with corrosive fluids or suspended solids, in order to
allow full isolation of the safety or relief valve from contact with such fluids.

9.10.3 The use of rupture discs is only allowed, without a safety or relief valve downstream, when
previously approved by PETROBRAS.

9.10.4 The pressure setpoint value of the rupture disc shall be, at least, equal to the equipment design
pressure, and at most equal to MAWP.

9.10.5 For the dimensioning of a safety and relief valve downstream of the rupture disc, it shall be
considered the effect of the relief capacity loss due to the existence of the rupture disc.

9.10.6 In services where the rupture disc is aligned in series with the safety and relief valve,
fragmentable rupture discs shall not be used.

9.10.7 Additional information for selection, sizing and installation of rupture discs shall be in
compliance with ISO 4126-9.

9.11 Process Analyzers

For selection, specification and installation of process analyzers shall be considered the criteria
described on additional document.

9.12 Flame Sensors

9.12.1 Flame sensors shall be used whenever it is necessary to monitor the existence or not of flames
on pilots and burners of equipment that operates with fire.
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9.12.2 The application of flame sensors shall be treated as a single design, case by case, because, in
order to be successful, it necessarily implies in knowledge and compatibilization, by the person in
charge of the design, of the following points:

a) furnace or boiler mechanical design;
b) burner and pilot mechanical design;
c) burner thermal design: fuel types (main and auxiliary), burner operation ranges, format
and position of the flame;
d) operational mode and SIS logic;
e) flame sensors technical specifications.

9.12.3 Due to its selectivity characteristics, sensors which principle is detection by flame ionization,
flame rods, shall be applied on flame detection of pilot burners whenever possible.

9.12.4 Flame ionization sensors are recommended only for applications where it is guaranteed
electrical insulation between its electrode and the metallic structure of the furnace or boiler.

9.12.5 In cases where the flame ionization sensor is not applicable, the ultraviolet and/or infrared
sensors shall be used.

9.12.6 On the application of ultraviolet and/or infrared sensors when a sensor is required for each
burner, care shall be taken in regard to sensor positioning in order to assure adequate selectivity, to
minimize mutual interference between burners.

9.13 Fire and Gas Detectors

9.13.1 General

9.13.1.1 Detectors shall have a minimum IP44 protection degree when located on indoor facilities or,
when installed outdoors or in a process area, IP-65 for onshore facilities and IP-56 for offshore
facilities.

9.13.1.2 They shall be powered on 24 VDC, three or two wires.

9.13.1.3 Gas detectors shall be microprocessed, with parameterization and remote diagnostic
features.

9.13.1.4 Gas detector output signals shall be linear in 4-20mA standard and directly proportional to the
concentration of the monitored gas.

9.13.2 Gas Detectors

9.13.2.1 Hydrocarbon Detectors

9.13.2.1.1 These shall have the principle of detection by infrared radiation absorption and be sensitive
to gas detection and hydrocarbon vapors in a broad spectrum.

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9.13.2.1.2 They shall be specified and calibrated for a specific gas or hydrocarbon vapor, and be able
to continuously monitor the concentration range from 0 % to 100 % of the LEL.

9.13.2.1.3 They shall have resources for calibration routine on site with standard gas.

9.13.2.2 Hydrogen Detectors (H
2
)

9.13.2.2.1 They shall have sensors of electrochemical cell type.

9.13.2.2.2 They shall be specified to meet the range specified by the safety design.

9.13.2.2.3 They shall have resources for calibration routine on site with standard gas.

9.13.2.3 Toxic gas Detectors - Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2
S) and Ammonia (NH
3
)

9.13.2.3.1 They shall have sensors of electrochemical cell type.

9.13.2.3.2 Sensors or cells shall be the plug-in type for easy replacement on site.

9.13.3 Fire Detectors

9.13.3.1 Smoke Detectors

9.13.3.1.1 Smoke detectors prescribed in this standard are applicable only in closed environments, in
non-hazardous areas, such as panel room, substations, control rooms or process analyzer shelters,
regardless of their ventilation or refrigeration strategy.

9.13.3.1.2 They shall meet ISO 7240-7, using ionic or optical as their detection principle. It is not
allowed the use of ionic detectors with radioactive material emitting source.

9.13.3.1.3 They shall be connected to a monitoring unit, exclusively dedicated to these detectors,
which performs all functions defined on ISO 7240-2.

9.13.3.1.4 They shall be addressable and integrated in a supervised network, class A circuit,
according to ABNT NBR 17240.

9.13.3.1.5 They shall be integrated to a smoke monitoring unit (central) that features all functions
defined on ISO 7240-2.

9.13.3.1.6 The smoke monitoring unit shall be integrated to the supervision system by means of digital
communication.

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9.13.3.2 Flame Detectors

They shall meet ISO 7240-10, using triple IR as detection principle.

9.13.3.3 Heat Detectors

They shall meet ISO 7240-5.

9.13.3.4 Manual Fire Alarm Starters

They shall meet ISO 7240-11.

10 Specification of Instrumentation Cables

10.1 Electric Instrumentation Cables for Use on Onshore Facilities

10.1.1 General

10.1.1.1 Multiple cables (multiple pairs, multiple triads or multiple four-conductors) shall be limited to,
at most, twenty-four sets of pairs, triads or four-conductors.

10.1.1.2 All cables shall be of a circular section and, when used together with a cable gland, shall not
have irregularities in their shape in order to meet the installation requirements on ABNT NBR IEC
60079-0.

10.1.1.3 Cable insulation class is 300 V.

10.1.1.4 Whenever fire resistant cables are required, these shall be specified to meet test
requirements established on IEC 60331-1 and IEC 60331-11.

10.1.2 Cables for Analog and Discrete Signals

10.1.2.1 These cables are applied to analog (4-20 mA and RTD) and discrete signals.

10.1.2.2 Cable specification shall meet ABNT NBR 10300, considering the following definitions:

a) cables are of unarmored type;
b) conductors on single cables (a pair, a triad or a four-conductors) shall have a minimum
nominal section of 1.0 mm
2
(see Note);
c) multiple cable conductors shall have a minimum nominal section of 0.5 mm
2
(see Note);
d) conductor insulation shall be in PVC/A, according to ABNT NBR 10300, unless
environmental conditions where the cable is installed require other materials. This
material shall be prescribed on IEC 60684-1;
e) cable covers shall be gray in PVC ST1, according to ABNT NBR 10300, unless ambient
temperature where these shall be installed requires other materials;
f) all pairs, triad and four-conductors on single cables shall have shielding with drain
conductor;
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g) multiple cables for analog signals shall have individual shielding for each pair/triad/four-
conductors and a general shielding with drain conductor;
h) multiple cables for discrete signals shall have general shielding with drain conductor.

NOTE For discrete output signals, such as solenoids and relays, it shall be verified if, with the use
of conductors of the defined gauge, the voltage on these devices is within their tolerance
range. Otherwise, the gauges shall be increased in order to meet this requirement.

10.1.2.3 Conductors shall be identified by colors, as follows:

a) pairs:
conductor 1: black (signal positive voltage);
conductor 2: white (signal negative voltage);
b) triads:
conductor 1: black;
conductor 2: white;
conductor 3: red;

c) four-conductors:
conductor 1; black;
conductor 2: white;
conductor 3: red;
conductor 4: green.

10.1.3 Cables for Thermocouple Signals

Cable specification shall meet IEC 60584-3, considering the following requirements:

a) cables are of the unarmored type;
b) single cable conductors (a pair) shall be solid and have a minimum nominal section of
1,0 mm
2
;
c) multiple cable conductors shall be solid and have a minimum nominal section of 0,5 mm
2
;
d) conductor insulation shall be on PVC/A, according to ABNT NBR 10300, unless the
environmental conditions where the cable is installed require other materials. This
material shall be according to IEC 60684-1;
e) all cable pairs shall have aluminum tape shielding covered with polyester with a drain
conductor, according to ABNT NBR 10300;
f) cable coverage shall have the color defined by IEC 60584-3 and shall be made on PVC
ST1, according to ABNT NBR 10300, unless the cable local installed ambient
temperature requires other materials;
g) multiple cables shall have, besides individual shielding for each pair, a general shielding
on aluminum tape covered with polyester with drain conductor, according to ABNT NBR
10300;
h) cable conductors shall be on twisted pair, according to ABNT NBR 10300;
i) cables shall have an insulation class of 300 V.

10.1.4 Cables for Intrinsic Safety Signals

Cable for intrinsic safety signals shall comply with ABNT NBR IEC 60079-25 and
ABNT NBR IEC 60079-14, considering the following requirements:

a) cables are of the non-armored type;
b) single cable conductors (a pair or a triad) shall have a minimum nominal section of
1.0 mm
2
;
c) multiple cable conductors shall have a minimum nominal section of 0,5 mm
2
;
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d) conductor insulation is in PE, according to ABNT NBR 10300, unless environmental
conditions where the cable is installed and/or the capacitance and inductance parameters
for the intrinsic safety circuit require other materials; these materials shall be according to
IEC 60684-1;
e) cable coverage shall be blue and made on PVC ST1, according to ABNT NBR 10300,
unless ambient temperature requires other materials;
f) all cable pairs shall have a shielding of aluminum tape covered with polyester with drain
conductor, according to ABNT NBR 10300;
g) multiple cables shall have, besides individual shielding for each pair, a general shielding of
aluminum tape covered with polyester with drain conductor, according to ABNT NBR
10300;
h) cable conductors shall be in pairs, according to ABNT NBR 10300;
i) cables shall have insulation class of 300 V;
j) capacitance and inductance per length unit shall be considered to meet the electric circuit
installation requirements on ABNT NBR IEC 60079-14.

10.1.5 Cables for Special Signals

Cables for vibration sensors signals (voltage signals on frequency) and speed sensor signals (pulse
signals), in machines or engines shall follow manufacturers recommendations considering the
following requirements:

a) cables are of the non-armored type;
b) single cable conductors (a pair or a triad) shall have a minimum nominal section of 1.0
mm
2
;
c) multiple cable conductors shall have a minimum nominal section of 0,5 mm
2
;
d) conductor insulation is in PE, according to ABNT NBR 10300, unless environmental
conditions where the cable is installed and/or cable capacitance, for compliance with the
fidelity requirements for the measurement signal requires other materials; these materials
shall be prescribed on IEC 60684-1;
e) all cable pairs or triad shall have aluminum tape shielding covered on polyester with a
drain conductor, according to ABNT NBR 10300;
f) multiple cables shall have, besides individual shielding for each pair or triad, general
shielding on aluminum tape covered with polyester with drain conductor, according to
ABNT NBR 10300;
g) cable conductors shall be twisted pairs, according to ABNT NBR 10300;
h) cables shall have a capacitance lower than 100 pF/m @ 1 kHz, for the pair, and 300 pF/m
@ 1 kHz for the triad;
i) for vibration signals, at distances longer than 600m, it shall be specified the maximum
cable capacitance regarding signal characteristics, aiming maximum attenuation of 1 dB
on the maximum measurement frequency, this frequency corresponding to 8 times the
machine nominal rotation.

10.1.6 Cables for Serial and Network Communication

10.1.6.1 RS-485 Cables using Modbus Protocol

Cables shall follow equipment manufacturers recommendations, meeting at least the following
requirements:

a) flexible conductors on seven wires of electrolytic copper, with a gauge of 0,3 mm
2

(22 AWG);
b) twisted pair;
c) characteristic impedance of 120 ;
d) conductor insulation material on Polyethylene;
e) cable covering on PVC (polyvinyl chloride) for up to 105
o
C;
f) capacitance between conductors @ 1 kHz, of, at most, 42 pF/m;
g) shielding with 100 % coverage by aluminum tape with polyester;
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h) additional shielding with, at least, 65% coverage by copper wire strand placed over the
tape;
i) drain wire between tape and strand.

10.1.6.2 Cables for Foundation FieldBus

Cables shall be type A, according to IEC 61158-2, with the following definitions and/or additional
requirements:

a) color code shall follow north-american standard (cable coverage on orange, positive
conductor on orange and negative conductor on blue);
b) insulation material for conductors on polyethylene;
c) cable covering shall be on PVC (polyvinyl chloride) for up to 105 C;
d) shielding with 100 % coverage by aluminum tape with polyester;
e) conductors shall be on 0,8 mm
2
(18 AWG).

10.1.6.3 RS-485 Cables Using Protocol ProfiBus/DP

Cables shall be type A, according to IEC 61158-2, with the following additional definitions and/or
requirements:

a) rigid electrolytic copper conductors with a gauge of 0,3 mm
2
(22 AWG);
b) conductor insulation material on polyethylene;
c) cable covering shall be on PVC (polyvinyl chloride) for up to 105
o
C;
d) shielding with 100 % coverage by aluminum tape with polyester;
e) additional shielding with, at least, 65 % coverage by copper wire strand placed over the
tape.

10.2 Electrical Instrumentation Cables for use in Offshore Facilities

10.2.1 Service Conditions

10.2.1.1 Cables shall be appropriate for installation on trays, ladder tray or channel tray, on areas
exposed to maritime atmosphere, subject to rain, liquid hydrocarbon sprays and exposure to the sun.

10.2.1.2 On hazardous areas, classified as Zone 0 or Zone 1, all cables shall be set and appropriate
for these areas.

10.2.1.3 On safe areas (control rooms, accommodation areas, etc) and on areas classified as Zone 2,
the cables shall not be armored.

10.2.2 Constructive Characteristics

10.2.2.1 All cables shall be naval type, flame retardant and with minimum insulation voltage of 250V.
The supplier shall provide cable aging curves where it is made clear that, by the end of the life cycle
adopted for the units design, cable insulation resistance is not lower than 1 Mohm.

10.2.2.2 All cables shall allow for curvatures with a minimum radius of eight times their external
diameter.

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10.2.2.3 Conductors shall be made of seven copper wires, tinned and corded.

10.2.2.4 The nominal section of conductors used on interconnection with the field (binary and analog
signals) shall be of 1.0 mm. Whenever recommended, conductors with a higher nominal section shall
be used (logical output signals for interlocking, such as those from solenoid valves etc.).

10.2.2.5 Insulation shall be according to IEC 60092-376.

10.2.2.6 Electrostatic shielding shall cover conductor insulation and shall be made through an
aluminum/polyester tape, with a 0.065mm to 0.1mm thickness, applied on helical shape with
superposition of 25% and with a copper drain wire, tinned and corded.

10.2.2.7 Multi-cables for discrete signals shall only have general shielding around the whole set.

10.2.2.8 Multiple pair, multiple triad or multiple four-conductors cables for analog signals shall have
individual shielding for pairs, triads or four-conductors and also general shielding involving the whole
set.

10.2.2.9 All shielding, individual or general shall have a drain wire.

10.2.2.10 Cables and multiple cables shall receive, over the set, a metallic frame made of a strand of
galvanized steel wires, sufficiently flexible, free from imperfections on galvanization and without
discontinuities.

10.2.2.11 Cables shall be supplied with filling between the pair strand and general shielding, to ensure
circularity of the straight section along its entire extension. The filling shall be made of flame retardant,
non-halogenated or neoprene material.

10.2.2.12 There shall be an external cover, over the metallic frame, made of the same material as the
filling.

10.2.2.13 It shall be assured that there is no adherence between the metallic frame and the external
cover material.

10.2.2.14 The external cover for the instrumentation cables shall be on dark gray.

10.2.2.15 All pairs, three-cable sets and four-cable sets shall be twisted.

10.2.2.16 All multi-conductor cables shall have an additional pair for communication, insulated, twisted
and in a different color than the conductors, with insulation according to 10.2.2.5.
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10.2.3 Identification

10.2.3.1 The conductors shall have identification as described below:

a) pairs:
conductor number 1 - black;
conductor number 2 - white;
b) three-cable sets:
conductor number 3 - red;
c) four-cable sets:
conductor number 3 - red;
conductor number 4 - green.

10.2.3.2 Identification of conductors shall be made with numbers printed at regular intervals along the
insulation cover.

10.2.3.3 The conductors of the same group (pairs, triads or four-conductors) shall receive the same
number, as their identification within the group is made by the insulation cover color.

10.2.3.4 All cables and multi-cables shall be externally identified, in a indelible way, along all their
length, with information about type, formation and nominal section for each conductor.

10.2.4 Tests

On cable specification, a full report and the certificate by the Certifier Entity shall be presented,
proving the performance of the following tests:

a) smoke density, in compliance with IEC 61034-2;
b) toxicity amount, in compliance with IEC 60754-1 and IEC 60754-2;
c) resistance to flame propagation, in compliance with IEC 60332-1-2 and
IEC 60332-3-22;
d) traction resistance;
e) rupture resistance;
f) mechanical characteristics after thermal aging on warming chamber;
g) oil and weather resistance (only for external cover);
h) insulation resistance;
i) continuity;
j) dimension determination and preparation for each type (by sampling);
k) DC resistance of conductors (by sampling);
l) curvature radius (by sampling);
m) frame galvanization verification (if any), in compliance with IEC 60092-376, according to
the application;
n) water absorption (by sampling).

10.3 Optical Instrumentation Cables for Use on Onshore and/or Offshore Facilities

Optical cables shall be specified in an additional document, based on IEC 60794-1-1 and on
recommendations of the manufacturer of the involved equipment.

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11 Instrumentation Panel Specification

11.1 Constructive Requirements

11.1.1 It is recommended that the automation panel columns be of the self-supported type and have,
on its upper part, lifting eye. Furthermore, it is recommended that these be adequate for fixation by the
base through welding or expansion bolts. [Recommended Practice]

11.1.2 Panel protection degree shall follow, at least, Table 3, according to ABNT NBR IEC 60529.

Table 3 - Protection Degree

Facilty Onshore Offshore
Indoors IP41 IP42
Outdoors IP55 IP56

NOTE For panels installed in outdoor environments, the panels shall be also adequate for
operation in atmosphere with potential presence of hydrocarbons and/or corrosive
agents, where applicable. For panels installed in offshore environments, they shall
also be adequate for operation on saline, hot, humid atmosphere and with potential
presence of hydrocarbons and/or other corrosive agents, where applicable.

11.1.3 The dimensioning of ventilation/exhaust system for the interior of panels that
contain components with thermal dissipation shall follow the calculation method prescribed on
IEC 60890 so that upper limits for operational temperature of internal components are not exceeded
under normal operation conditions.

11.1.4 The internal arrangement of the panels components shall follow manufacturers specifications
regarding minimum distance, accessibility for operation/maintenance, segregation/ visual signaling
and electromagnetic compatibility between components.

11.1.5 Electrical continuity shall be assured throughout the metallic body that constitutes the panel
cabinet. The doors and/or other mobile parts of the panel shall be electrically connected to the other
cabinet parts through flexible metallic wiring.

11.1.6 The fixation rails for active components whose grounding is made by the bottom shall be
electrically connected to the corresponding grounding bar and also isolated from the assembly plate.

11.1.7 All metallic parts exposed with voltage levels higher than those specified on Brazilian
Regulation Standard number 10 (NR-10) as extra-low voltage shall be protected against direct
accidental contact, as well as properly segregated from the other circuits and also have a sign about
the risk of electric shock.

11.1.8 The final finishing color shall comply with what was specified on additional documentation.
When not specified, it is recommended to use light gray corresponding to Munsell code N 6,5.

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11.1.9 Panel cables entrances and exits shall be made by means of removable flanges at the inferior
or superior part of the panel. Access shall be done through the inferior flange obligatorily for outdoor
panels and, preferably for indoor panels. Access through the superior flange can only be done by
express PETROBRAS approval. Flange corners shall be rounded and without cutting parts, as well as
equipped with sealing adequate to the protection degree established for the panel.

11.2 Requirements for Internal Connection of the Components

11.2.1 Cable shielding shall be placed on proper terminals, next to the signal terminal blocks and
connected to the grounding bar or equivalent. Cables between the analog Input/Output (I/O) cards and
the fields terminal blocks shall have shielding and shall be connected to the respective grounding in
the following way:

a) next to the cards - shield connected to the ground bar;
b) next to fields terminal blocks - shielding connected to the fields ground terminal.

11.2.2 All terminals shall be of indirect tightness, that is, it is not allowed physical contact between the
clamping bolt and the cable. The cables shall have adequate connectors for their connection to
terminals.

11.2.3 All cabinet columns shall have adequate connectors for copper cables of nominal section from
50 mm
2
to 70 mm
2
for connection between the parts of the structure to the grounding mesh.

11.2.4 It is recommended to consider a 20 % value as installed reserve (installed and interconnected
components) and 10 % as uninstalled reserve (space available for the installation of new
components). [Recommended Practice]

11.2.5 AC and DC wiring shall be placed in separate trays and follow independent routes inside the
panel. In case the crossing between AC and DC wires are inevitable, it shall be occur in short sections
and straight angles, preferably.

11.2.6 It shall be used surge protection devices at the input to circuits powered in AC.

11.3 Requirements for Internal Components

11.3.1 Every cabinet column shall have internal illumination by means of compact fluorescent lamps or
white LED lamps, on 127 VCA, activated by position switches at the front and/or back doors,
according to configuration. They shall also have a power outlet for maintenance on 127 VCA. Both
loads are powered by a AC power supply external to the panel.

11.3.2 Additional criteria for internal panel components shall be included in additional documents,
according to specific design requirements.

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12 Instrumentation Specification in Package Units

12.1 For every package unit, a technical specification defining the specific instrumentation and
automation design criteria required for their supply shall be elaborated.

12.2 At least the following requirements are considered as essential in the technical specification:

a) instrument and equipment identification criteria;
b) definition of electrical power supply systems for instruments and equipment;
c) criteria for the definition of signals characteristics of the interface between the package
unit control system and the plant control systems (example: interface with DCS or
SCADA; interface with the motor control center; signal segregation criteria, etc.);
d) list of acceptable sub-suppliers for each type of instrument and the main equipment (PLC,
vibration monitor etc.);
e) compliance to international or national Standards applicable to instruments and
equipment being supplied in the package unit;
f) compliance to Brazilian Regulation Standards (Normas Regulamentadoras NRs).

12.3 The scope of every package unit shall be clearly defined on the RM (Material Requisition) or on
the descriptive memorial. The following definitions shall be included in these documents:

a) interface scope limits for the instrumentation supplied and assembled on the skid, with
other external systems;
b) scope definition for instruments and/or equipment supplied as shipped loosed;
c) technical assistance services for integration, conditioning and start-up of the package
unit.

13 Instrument Installation Design

13.1 General

13.1.1 The design of instrument installation to the process shall follow the recommendations on
PETROBRAS N-2791, API RP 551:1993, the specific requirements on this Standard and the
manufacturer recommendations.

13.1.2 In case of conflict between the references and the requirements on this Standard, the
requirements herein shall prevail.

13.1.3 Impulse taps for instruments shall be in compliance with Appendix E.

13.1.4 Impulse taps for instruments belonging to the SIS shall follow the segregation criteria described
on PETROBRAS N-2595.

13.1.5 It is not permitted the use of a single tap for more than one instrument. Whenever the project
needs two instruments connected to a single tap, different block valves shall be prescribed for each
instrument and these cases shall be submitted for approval by PETROBRAS.

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13.1.6 The installation of differential pressure instruments shall be made with a integral equalization
block manifold and connection to the instrument through a 1/2 oval flange.

13.2 Accessibility and Visibility

13.2.1 Instruments shall be installed in order to be accessible from the floor, platforms or fixed stairs.
For accomplish this, it shall also be observed that the length of the impulse lines be the shortest
possible.

13.2.2 Control valves and their respective bypass shall be installed, preferably, next to the floor. If
installed in elevated places, accessibility shall be achieved through the floor or the platform.

13.2.3 All instruments shall have around them space that allows their operation and removal, including
their respective accessories.

13.2.4 Installation of any instrument or control valve shall be such that it does not prevent access to
other instruments or equipment.

13.2.5 When local indication is considered for manual operation of control valve, or bypass, the
indicator shall be positioned in order to allow the reading from the respective valve.

13.3 Pneumatic Power for Instruments

Block valves and an individual regulator filter shall be considered for each pneumatic instrument.

13.4 Temperature Instrument Installation

Installation of thermowells shall be made according to Appendix B.

13.5 Pressure Instrument Installation

In case a sealing diaphragm is used, with solidifying products or suspended solids, the first block valve
shall be of full passage with the same gauge than that the process tap.

13.6 Flow Instrument Installation

13.6.1 On flow measurement for legal metrology, the installation recommendations of the Standards
mentioned on item 9.4.1.5 shall be followed.

13.6.2 In gas flow measurement with volume correction, the recommendations on ISO 5167-1 shall be
observed.

13.6.3 Block valves and bypass valves shall be considered whenever it is used integral orifice
incorporated to the transmitter.
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13.6.4 For all primary elements and flow instruments the minimum, upstream and downstream,
required straight sections shall be respected as recommended by the manufacturers and applicable
Standards.

13.6.5 In the specific case of orifice plates and venturi, for supervision and control application, the
minimum straight sections shall be respected, both upstream and downstream, as established on ISO
5167-2 and ISO 5167-4. Unless specified otherwise in an additional document, consider the less
conservative criteria presented on these Standards.

13.6.6 Straightening vanes shall be avoided.

13.6.7 Turbine meters shall have an upstream and downstream straight section according to
API MPMS 5.3.

13.6.8 For the specific case of coriolis meters, sensor orientation shall follow manufacturers
recommendations, taking into account the application and the possibility of sediment retention, gases
and clogging which might affect meters performance.

13.6.9 Coriolis meters with U tubes shall be installed with the U ends turned down, thus allowing for
liquid draining.

13.7 Level Instrument Installation

13.7.1 Connections for level instruments shall be made directly at the process equipment and not on
pipe sections connected to it.

13.7.2 The lower connection shall not be placed at the bottom of the equipment, especially when it
refers to dirty fluids.

13.7.3 Places close to turbulent regions of the liquid shall be avoided for the positioning of the taps.

13.7.4 The arrangement of the taps on stand pipe shall not be used. The use of this arrangement, if
required by the design, shall be restricted to special cases, such as: equipment operating with
elevated pressures, vessels with cladding etc. and shall be submitted to previous approval by
PETROBRAS.

13.7.5 If the use of stand pipe is approved, a 4 (minimum 2) diameter is recommended and both the
piping and the block valves shall meet the most severe material specification, among those connecting
to the respective process equipment. It is necessary a stand pipe support design.

13.7.6 On liquid-liquid interface measurement, the upper connection shall be immersed in the lighter
liquid throughout the measurement range.

13.7.7 On level measurements requiring high accuracy, such as legal metrology and inventory control,
API MPMS 3.1B installation recommendations shall be followed.

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13.8 Control Valve Installation

13.8.1 As considered on PETROBRAS N-57, every control valve shall have block valves, upstream
and downstream, and a regulating valve on the by-pass line, as well as shall possess a drain or relief
valve both upstream and downstream of the control valve.

13.8.2 All control valves whose stems have linear displacement shall be installed with their bodies
lying horizontally and the stem-actuator set on the vertical position, perpendicular to the process
piping, with the respective actuator located above the piping. Other types of installation are
conditioned to previous approval by PETROBRAS.

13.9 Safety and Relief Valve Installation

13.9.1 For safety and relief valve installation, the recommendations on API RP 520 Pt II shall be
followed.

13.9.2 Whenever the safety valve output is directed to atmosphere, the discharge pipe section shall be
vertical, internally painted and shall have a hole at the lower region for rainwater or product drainage.

13.9.3 In case the PSV discharge is connected to a common depressurization collector, there shall be
a downstream block valve for every PSV locked at open position.

13.10 Installation of Flame Sensors in Burners

13.10.1 The positioning, cables and details for the electrical installation of flame sensors shall respect
technical specifications and sensor manufacturers recommendations.

13.10.2 Flame rod sensors shall be installed:

a) respecting the minimum area of contact with the flame, as defined by the manufacturer;
b) in a straight line, in order to allow their removal for maintenance.

13.10.3 Ultraviolet and/or infrared sensors shall be installed observing the following points:

a) diameter and length of the taps compatible with the flame geometry and sensor
sensibility;
b) it is not admissible that the temperature which the sensors are exposed is equal or higher
than the maximum sensors tolerable temperature;
c) air purge to avoid accumulation of soot at the taps.

14 Signal Transmission Installation Design

14.1 General

14.1.1 The installation design for signal transmission shall follow the recommendations on API RP 552
and the specific requirements of this Standard.

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14.1.2 In case of conflicts between the recommendations on API RP 552 and the requirements of this
Standard, the latter shall prevail.

14.1.3 The requirements for Installation at hazardous areas shall meet the requirements on ABNT
NBR IEC 60079-14.

14.1.4 Every electrical installation at hazardous area shall meet the standardization compatible with
the type of protection used. All components shall be certified according to the protection type and with
the area classification in compliance with the Brazilian Regulation Standard number 10 (NR-10).

NOTE These certificates shall be issued by INMETRO or by an accredited institution, according to
current legislation.

14.1.5 All junction boxes shall have the following protection degree:

a) IP-65 for onshore facilities;
b) IP-56 for offshore facilities.

14.2 Cable Forwarding and Routing

14.2.1 Electrical connection between instruments and field sensors with their respective
instrumentation panels shall comply with the following requirements:

a) all cables shall be installed in conduits or trays;
b) ladder trays shall be used in places where it is required a greater hardness and a low
probability of electromagnetic interference; in this case, the use of ladder trays shall be
submitted to previous approval by PETROBRAS;
c) the tray system (trays, channel tray or ladder trays) shall be with cover, except on indoor
locations and with a low probability of electromagnetic interference; in this case, the non
utilization of covers shall be submitted to previous approval by PETROBRAS;
d) conduits and trays systems shall be metallic, except in corrosive environments where
other material shall be chosen. In this case, the specified material shall be submitted to
previous approval by PETROBRAS;
e) signal cables shall be grouped in conduits or specific tray systems according to the
classification of voltage levels recommended on API RP 552;
f) the distance of the several types of signal cables in relation to the power cables shall
follow API RP 552.

14.2.2 The design of electrical installation for the tray system shall follow the requirements on
PETROBRAS N-1997.

14.2.3 When using underground conduits on concrete envelope, the recommendations on
PETROBRAS N-1996 shall be considered.

14.2.4 Instrumentation cables shall have their routes distant from equipment that generates electrical
interference, such as: transformers, electric furnaces, electric motors etc.

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14.2.5 The route of instrumentation cables shall avoid high risk zones as defined on API PUBL
2218:1999. Consider a high risk zone as being the whole space distant 6 m on horizontal direction and
and 9 m on vertical direction from equipment with high fire potential (item 5.2.1.1 on API
PUBL 2218:1999). In cases where it is not possible to avoid the routing of cables in high risk zones,
the definition for the use or not of passive protection for the cables shall be done in an additional
PETROBRAS document.

14.2.6 The criteria for conduit occupation shall be in compliance with ABNT NBR 5410.

14.2.7 Redundant network cable, optical fiber or electrical cables shall go through different routes.

14.3 Wiring and Connection

The extremity of all conductors, cables and multi-cable shall have their own identification, permanent
and insulating with, at least, the terminal number to which it is connected.

14.4 Grounding and Protection against Electrical and Electromagnetic Interference

The requirements on API RP 552 and the manufacturers recommendations shall be followed.

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Appendix A Probable Total Error Calculation

A.1 General

A.1.1 Consider as references for uncertainty measure calculation: ISO GUIDE 98-1,
ISO GUIDE 98-3 and INMETRO NIT-DICLA-021.

A.1.2 Consider that every instrument has a reference accuracy level or class, usually informed by the
manufacturer and defined on specific calibration conditions (temperature, pressure etc.) but, due to
variations on usage conditions (local temperature, line pressure etc.), this accuracy level is usually
affected, as a result of the influence of new contribution sources for output uncertainty not
contemplated on reference condition.

A.1.3 Consider that the instrument has been calibrated and adjusted and does not present
systematical errors. Once these errors take place, these shall also be considered in the calculation.

A.1.4 Consider only the set transmitter plus the sensor/primary element in order to determine PTE.

A.1.5 PTE aims to establish the new instrument accuracy limit when submitted to usage conditions
different from reference conditions at the time of calibration and/or informed by the manufacturer.

A.1.6 Consider the following contribution sources for standard uncertainty on measurement output
and, consequently, for the accuracy level for each typical instrument, but not limited to:

A.1.6.1 Gauge pressure and differential pressure transmitters (including level by p):

a) ambient temperature effect;
b) static pressure effect;
c) long term stability effect;
d) assembly position effect;
e) power source effect.

A.1.6.2 Flow rate transmitters by p:

c) long term stability effect;
d) dimensional effect of the flow primary element;

A.1.6.3 Temperature transmitters:

b) primary temperature element location effect;
c) cold junction compensation effect (in case of thermocouples);
d) long term stability effect;

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A.1.6.4 Flow rate transmitters (positive displacement, magnetic, vortex, coriolis, turbine, ultrasonic
etc.):

b) static pressure effect (coriolis);
c) vibration effect (positive displacement, coriolis, turbine);
d) fluid electrical conductivity effect (magnetic);
e) fluid viscosity effect;
f) multiphase flow effect;
g) assembly position effect;
h) long term stability effect.

A.1.6.5 Valve positioners, I/P converters etc.:

c) vibration effect;
d) assembly position effect;
e) long term stability effect;
f) flow direction and loading effect.

A.1.7 Based on the hypothesis that all contribution sources for the standard output uncertainty above
are not correlated, use the calculation method for the standard output uncertainty described on
INMETRO NIT DICLA 021 or as oriented by the manufacturer.

A.1.8 PTE, expressed as a percentage of the adjusted span shall be:

[%] 100
span adjusted
) (
.
1
2
x
y u
k ETP
N
i
i
=
=

Where
) ,..., 3 , 2 , 1 ( ) ( N y u
i
represents each one of the not correlated contribution sources for the
standard output uncertainty and
k
is the range factor (k = 2 for uncertainty sources with normal
distribution with a confidence interval of approximately 95 %).

A.1.9 Instrument manufacturers usually refer to contribution sources for the uncertainty on percentage
of the adjusted span and on an expanded way (k=2, for example), in general, having only to proceed
with the calculation as established by the instrument manufacturer to determine the PTE for each
particular usage condition.

On A.2 and A.3, examples of PTE calculation for gauge pressure, differential pressure and
temperature transmitters are presented.
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A.2 Calculation Example for Gauge Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitters

A.2.1 The measurement uncertainty introduced by the instrument is a function of many variables.
Considering the following contribution sources for the standard output uncertainty:

a) P = Static pressure for differential pressure transmitters;
b) T = Ambient temperature;
c) V = Power voltage.

NOTE The uncertainty function is thus defined: I (P, T, V), to which it shall be included hysteresis,
linearity and repeatability effects.

A.2.2 The value I
0
is understood as the instruments standard uncertainty value, for example, on
manufacturers reference conditions, that is, I
0
= I (P
0
,T
0
,V
0
). For example: I
o
= 0,1% of the adjusted
span for P
0
= 0 kgf/cm; T
0
= 25 C and V
0
= 24 V.

A.2.3 Variations on reference conditions are considered. Such variations are: AP, AT and AV. The
values to be adopted for these variations shall be compatible with the process and with the local
installation conditions. As maximum value examples, we can mention:

AP = 50 kgf/cm; AT = 35 C and AV = 6 V.

A.2.4 The measurement uncertainty is normally presented on technical literature, as the combination
of two effects, the uncertainty on the value of adjusted zero, I
Z
, and the uncertainty on the adjusted
span value, I
S
. As these values can be positive or negative, we have: I
2
= (I
Z
)
2
+ (I
S
)
2
. Therefore, the
parcels described from A.2.4.1 to A.2.4.6 are considered.

A.2.4.1 Effect on the adjusted zero value due to static pressure variation:

( )
P x
P
V T P I
I
Z
ZP
A
c
c
=
, ,
0 0

A.2.4.2 Effect on the adjusted zero value due to ambient temperature:

( )
T x
T
V T P I
I
Z
ZT
A
c
c
=
, ,
0 0

A.2.4.3 Effect on the adjusted zero value due to power voltage:

( )
V x
V
V T P I
I
Z
ZV
A
c
c
=
, ,
0 0

A.2.4.4 Effect on the adjusted zero value due to static pressure:

( )
P x
P
V T P I
I
S
SP
A
c
c
=
, ,
0 0

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A.2.4.5 Effect on the adjusted span value due to ambient temperature variation:

( )
T x
T
V T P I
I
S
ST
A
c
c
=
, ,
0 0

A.2.4.6 Effect on the adjusted span value due to power voltage variation:

( )
V x
V
V T P I
I
S
SV
A
c
c
=
, ,
0 0

A.2.5 Total effect on instrument adjustment, due to one of the variations considered, is expressed
thus:

((I
o
)
2
+ (I
ZX
)
2
+ (I
SX
)
2
)
1/2

Where:
X = P, T and V.

A.2.6 PTE, expressed as an percentage of adjusted span, is defined as:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
100 x
ajustado span" "
I I I I I I I
. ETP
1/2
2
SV
2
ST
2
SP
2
ZV
2
ZT
2
ZP
2
o
+ + + + + +
= k

NOTE Adopt the least adjusted value as 0 kgf/cm.

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A.3 Example of Calculation for Temperature Transmitters

A.3.1 Consider the instrument in usage conditions as described below:

a) adjusted span of 500 C (thermocouple type k);
b) local temperature of 50 C;
c) oscillation on local power voltage of up to 4 V.

A.3.2 Consider the following effects on reference accuracy:

b) cold junction compensation effect;
c) power source effect.

A.3.3 PTE calculation:

A.3.3.1 Uncertainty reference in nominal usage conditions informed by the manufacturer (included the
uncertainty for the primary element thermocouple type K according to IEC 60584-3, class II, for a
span of 500 C):

I
o
= 0,1 % of the adjusted span for T
0
= 25 C and V
0
= 24 V (k = 2)

A.3.3.2 Ambient temperature variation effect:

cI
o
(T,V
o
)/cT = 0,01% of the adjusted span for each C of variation (k = 2)

( )
T x
T
V T I
I
o o
T
A
c
c
=
,
= 0,01 % x 25 C = 0,25 % of the adjusted span.

A.3.3.3 Cold junction compensation effect:

I
CJ
= 0,5 C = 0,001 % of the adjusted span (k = 2)

A.3.3.4 Power source effect:

cI
o
(T
o
,V)/cV = 0,005 % of the adjusted span for every V of variation (k = 2)

( )
V x
V
V T I
I
o o
V
A
c
c
=
,
= 0,005 % x 4 V = 0,02 % of the adjusted span

A.3.4 The PTE expressed on percentage of adjusted span is thus defined:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 / 1
2 2 2 2
ETP
V CJ T
I I I Io + + + =
= (0,1 % + 0,25 % + 0,001 % + 0,02 %)
= 0,371 % of the adjusted span

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Appendix B - Wells and Stem Dimension

B.1 On tube installations, the immersion length shall meet the requirements on API RP 551:1993, that
is, it shall have a length between 2 and 5.

B.2 Installations on curves are allowed only for pipes greater or equal to 3, as shown on picture 26 of
API RP 551:1993.

B.3 Installations on straight pipes for diameters shorter than 4 are allowed only with the expansion of
the pipe for 4.

B.4 In specific cases, where it is not possible to adopt the standard installation indicated on Tables
from B.1 to B.4, the insertion and stem length shall be adjusted in multiples of 25 mm. Example: in
cases of high temperature where is required a thermal isolation with a thickness higher than 152 mm
(standard distance A) the well shall have an extension stretching or the distance A shall be
increased so that the sensor head, as well as the union between the sensor and well stay outside the
thermal isolation.

B.5 Besides the insertion and immersion lengths, all other dimensions of conic or step-shank wells
shall meet the limits defined on ASME PTC 19.3 TW.

Table B.1 - Insertion Length (U) for Flanged Wells Installed on Piping

Line diameter U Length Distance A considered
Minimum of 3 in curves 250 mm 152 mm
4 to 6 225 mm 152 mm
8 to 10 250 mm 152 mm
Higher than 10 275 mm 152 mm

Table B.2 - Insertion Length (U) for Threaded Wells Installed on Piping

Line Diameter U Length
Minimum of 3 in curves 100 mm
4 to 6 75 mm
8 to 10 100 mm
Higher than 10 125 mm

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Table B.3 - Stem Length (L) for Flanged Wells Installed on Piping

Line Diameter L Length Distance A considered
Minimum of 3 in curves 400 mm 152 mm
4 to 6 375 mm 152 mm
8 to 10 400 mm 152 mm
Higher than 10 425 mm 152 mm
NOTE In case of a thermometer, reduce in 100 mm the L length on the Table due to the
non usage of union and nipples for thermometer connection on the well.

Table B.4 - Stem Length (L) for Threaded Wells Installed on Piping

Line Diameter L Length
Minimum of 3 in curves 225 mm
4 to 6 200 mm
8 to 10 225 mm
Higher than 10 250 mm
NOTE In case of a thermometer, reduce in 100 mm the L length on the
Table due to the non usage of union and nipples for thermometer
connection on the well.

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73

NOTE Whenever possible, A distance shall be standardized for 152 mm (6).

Figure B.1 - Flanged Installation on Piping

Figure B.2 - Threaded Installation On Piping

IMMERSION
IMMERSION
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74

Table B.5 - Immersion Length for Flanged Wells Installed on Vessels or Towers

Vessel or tower diameter Immersion length Service
Any diameter 300 mm Liquids
< 800 mm 200 mm Gases
800 mm and < 1 200 mm 300 mm Gases
1 200 mm and < 1 600 mm 400 mm Gases
> 1 600 mm 500 mm Gases
NOTE 1 Insertion lengths (U length) and stem (L length), on wells installed on vessels or
towers, shall be calculated by the detailing design, considering not only the
immersion length on the Table, but also other values such as vessel or tower wall
thickness, thermal isolation thickness, connection length, union and nipples etc.
NOTE 2 In case of vessels with small diameter, the immersion length presented on the Table
shall be reduced in order not to exceed half the vessel diameter value. It shall be
analyzed, by basic design, if the error introduced with this reduction meets the
measurement objective.

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75

Appendix C - Restriction Orifice Dimensioning on Isentropic Critical Flow Regime for
Real Gas

Table C.1 - Restriction Orifice Dimensioning on Isentropic Critical Flow Regime for
Real Gas

( )
1
1
2
2
. . 41 , 8314
. .
4
.
. .
T Z
PM
P Y
D
C W
t
t
| =

Parameters Description
W Mass flow rate [kg/s]
C
Discharge coefficient on critical flow conditions: C =
0,839
| Beta of the orifice
D Internal pipe diameter [m]
PM Molecular Weight of gas
Z Compressibility factor of gas
T
1
Gas temperature at orifice upstream [K]
Y
Isentropic critical flow coefficient for real gas:
1
1
1
2
.

+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
k
k
k Z
k
Y

k Isentropic coefficient of gas
(P
1
)
t
Total pressure (of stagnation) at orifice upstream [Pa],
in absolute value:
( )
1
2
1 1
.
2
1
1 .

(
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
k
k
t
M
k
P P
P
1
Orifice upstream pressure [Pa], in absolute value
M
Mach Number:
S
V
V
M
1
=

V1
Orifice upstream gas speed in the line [m/s]
PM P D
T Z W
A
W
V
. . .
. . . 74 , 33257
.
1
2
1
1 1
1
t
= =

VS
Orifice upstream gas sound speed [m/s]
PM
T k
T
PM
R
k V
S
1
1
.
. 41 , 8314 . . = =

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76

Appendix D - Restriction Orifice Thickness Calculation

Orifices subject to tensions higher than the admissible by the material that they are made, suffer
permanent deformation as described below.

a) We shall calculate the thickness applying the formula below, considering for thickness
calculation a minimum of 2o:

2 / 1
2
min
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
A
=
o
x
D x P x
t

= 2,27 - (2,33 x |)

Where:
D is the line diameter (mm);
AP is the differential pressure at the orifice (kgf/cm
2
);
o is the admissible tension of the orifice material (kgf/cm
2
);
is the factor calculated by the expressions below and depends on the installation type;
t is the restriction orifice thickness (mm).

b) In case of stainless steel AISI 304 or AISI 316, up to 500 C:

o > 2109,7 kgf/cm
2

c) Thickness limits:
lines up to 14 t > 1/8;
lines from 16 to 22 t > 1/4.

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77
Appendix E - Process Connections

Table E.1 - Process Taps for Flow Rate Instrumentation

On piping (Note 1) On instrument

Diameter (in.) Extremity Diameter (in.) Extremity Observations
Rotameter
Note 2 Flanged Same of piping Flanged
Less than 2 Threaded Same of piping Threaded Note 3
Instruments assembled on spool and inserted straight on line
Note 2 Flanged Same of piping Flanged
Orifcie plate
1/2 Note 4 1/2 Note 5
NOTE 1 Pressure class shall be in compliance with the piping material specification.
NOTE 2 Defined by dimensioning.
NOTE 3 Only if allowed by piping material specification.
NOTE 4 According to piping material specification.
NOTE 5 According to installation type, the instrument may have a threaded of oval flanged
connection.

Table E.2 - Process Taps for Pressure Instrumentation

On piping or equipment (see
Note 1)
On instrument
Manometer, transmitter or line switch
3/4 Note 2 1/2 Note 3
Note 4 Flanged Note 4 Flanged
Manometer, transmitter or equipment switch
1 Flanged 1/2 Note 3
NOTE 1 Pressure class shall be in compliance with the piping material specification.
NOTE 2 According to piping material specification.
NOTE 3 According to installation type, the instrument may have a threaded of oval flanged
connection.
NOTE 4 According to process needs.

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78
Table E.3 - Process Taps for Level Instrumentation

On equipment (see Note 1) On instrument
Level Gauge
3/4 Threaded 3/4 Threaded See Note 2
1 Flanged 1 Flanged
Differential pressure transmitter coupled directly to equipment
3 or 4 Flanged 3 or 4 Flanged
The same if installed
with a remote seal. See
Note 3.
Remote differential pressure transmitter
3/4 Threaded 1/2 See Note 4
1 Flanged 1/2 See Note 4
Transmitter or switch with floater or displacer internal to equipment
3 or 4 Flanged 3 or 4 Flanged See Note 5
Transmitter or switch with floater or displacer external to equipment
1 1/2 or 2 Flanged 1 1/2 or 2 Flanged
Servo-operated or radar transmitter
6 Flanged 6 Flanged See Note 5
Transmitter or switch internal to equipment

1 1/2
(minimum)
Flanged Same of piping Flanged See Note 5
NOTE 1 Pressure class shall be in compliance with piping material specification.
NOTE 2 Only if the distance from the level gauge center line to vessel is less than 350 mm.
NOTE 3 Low pressure connection shall be 1/2 ".
NOTE 4 According to installation type, the instrument can have a threaded or oval flanged
connection.
NOTE 5 Analyze the need for a still pipe.

Table E.4 - Process Taps for Temperature Instrumentation

On piping or equipment (see
Note 1)
On Instrument
Thermocouple thermometer or switch
3/4 Threaded 3/4 Threaded See Note 2
1 1/2 Flanged 1 1/2 Flanged
NOTE 1 Pressure class shall be in compliance with piping material specification.
NOTE 2 Only if allowed by piping material specification.

N-1882

IR 1/3

INDEX OF REVISIONS
REV. A and B
There is no index of revisions.
REV. C
Affected Parts Description of Alteration
1.7 Revised
2 and 3 Revised
4.15 and 4.16 Included
4.17 to 4.20 Renumbered
4.21 Revised and Renumbered
4.22 to 4.26 Renumbered
4.27 Included
4.28 Renumbered
5.1 paragraph c) Revised
7.2.2.1 Revised
7.2.2.2 paragraphs a)
and b)
Revised
7.2.6 Included
7.2.7 Revised and Renumbered
8.1.1 Included
8.1.2 and 8.1.3 Renumbered
8.1.4 Included
8.1.5 to 8.1.1.1 Renumbered
8.1.12 and 8.1.13 Included
8.2.4.2 Revised
8.2.4.3 and 8.2.4.4 Included
8.2.4.5 to 8.2.4.7 Renumbered
8.2.4.8 Included
8.2.6.2 Revised
8.3.2.3 paragraphs b)
and c)
Revised
8.3.3.2 Revised
TABLE 2 Revised
8.4.2.3 paragraphs f),
g) and h)
Revised

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N-1882

IR 2/3

REV. C
8.4.3.2 paragraph a) Revised
8.6.1.6 paragraph a) Revised
8.6.3.1 paragraph f) Excluded
8.6.3.1 paragraphs g),
h) e i)
Renumbered
8.6.3.4 paragraph d) Revised
8.6.5.8 Revised
8.6.7.5 paragraph b) Revised
8.6.7.5 paragraph d) Included
8.6.7.6 Revised
8.7.2.1 Revised
8.7.2.5 paragraph e) Revised
8.10 Revised
8.10.1 Included
8.10.3 Included
8.10.4 Excluded
8.14 Included
10.3.15 Revised
10.3.16 and 10.3.17 Included
10.3.18 Renumbered
10.4.2 Revised
10.6.8 Revised
10.7.2 Revised
10.8.3 Excluded
10.10.1 Revised
11.2.2 Revised
11.3.1 Included
11.3.4 Included

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N-1882

IR 3/3
REV. C
11.3.6 paragraph e) Included
11.3.7 to 11.3.10 Renumbered
TABLE C-2 Revised
TABLE C-3 Note 3 Included
TABLE E-1 Revised
REV. D
Partes Atingidas Descrio da Alterao
All Revised

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