A volley of protests have taken place throughout the world since 2008, the catalyst being the nancial

crisis triggered by the collapse of the multinational banking systems. We are now in an era of particularly well thought-out and networked mass movements that through the convenience of a digital news cycle can be followed more closely than ever before. Planning for Protest takes a closer look at how public spaces shape both the physical and psychological backdrop of these public events. 12 architectural ofces in 12 cities across the globe have examined the role of architecture in shaping, dening, or limiting the ow of protest within their respective cities. Varying from historical studies to proposals for a radical reshaping of space for public discourse, Planning for Protest is an ongoing documentation of how the physical world around us both limits and can be transcended by the people at any given time. www.planningforprotest.org

Contributors

ANTONAS oce

Essays by

Daniel Oliveira Pedro Levi Bismarck

Organizers

Lisbon, Portugal Porto, Portugal

Ben AllenKWY London, UK James BaeKWY Los Angeles, USA Berlin, Germany Ricardo GomesKWY Shannon Harvey Public Address New York, USA Adam Michaels Project Projects New York, USA

Planning for Protest

Planning for Protest

Studio Miessen studioBASAR CLUSTER Culturstruction SUPERPOOL ateliermob public works & Isaac Marrero ecosistema urbano Srdjan Jovanovi Weiss / NAO PIOVENEFABI with 2A + P/A vapor 324

Planning for Protest Planning for Protest

Athens, Greece Berlin, Germany Bucharest, Romania Cairo, Egypt Dublin, Ireland Istanbul, Turkey Lisbon, Portugal London, UK Madrid, Spain New York, USA Rome, Italy So Paulo, Brazil

Planning for Protest

An Associated Project of the Lisbon Architecture Triennale September 12December 15, 2013
Contributors

ANTONAS oce Studio Miessen studioBASAR CLUSTER Culturstruction SUPERPOOL ateliermob public works & Isaac Marrero ecosistema urbano Srdjan Jovanovi Weiss / NAO PIOVENEFABI with 2A + P/A vapor 324
Essays by

Athens, Greece Berlin, Germany Bucharest, Romania Cairo, Egypt Dublin, Ireland Istanbul, Turkey Lisbon, Portugal London, UK Madrid, Spain New York, USA Rome, Italy So Paulo, Brazil Lisbon, Portugal Porto, Portugal London, UK Los Angeles, USA Berlin, Germany New York, USA New York, USA

Daniel Oliveira Pedro Levi Bismarck Ben Allen KWY James Bae KWY Ricardo Gomes KWY Shannon Harvey Public Address Adam Michaels Project Projects
Organizers

ecosistema urbano
Documenting a physital approach to the activation of connected multitudes Rather than How can we plan the city to allow protest? we wanted to pose a preemptive question: How is protest being made possible in todays cities? Following the 15M movement in Madrid, we thought that studying the different documents developed during the protests by citizens and collectives would help us better visualize and understand the intense activity of those days. The graphics are different interpretations showing how these actions changed our perception and understanding of the main public spaces of our city, Madrid. We also want to show how the Internet plays a key role in these protests, sharing the focus between physical plazas and digital infrastructure. We have taken a closer look at how the current attributes of both physical space and digital environment were given a connected value, and how both of these spheres are seemingly interwoven, inuencing each other. ecosistema urbano This is a compilaton by ecosistema urbano, featuring contents made by many different people. This document is under a CC-BY license, but different and more restrictive licenses may still apply to each of the particular contents.
Physical
The rst reection is about how public spaces in Madrid were able to host the protests and let them evolve in time. Even if not designed for that purpose, the powerful identity and open, raw character of spaces like Puerta del Sol square allowed for unplanned, evolutive, adaptative, and crowd sourced infrastructures to appear. Other attributes that contribute to make physical urban spaces the best place for protest are: sensorial, democratic, social, spontaneous, dialectical, complex, polyvalent, and playful. and interpretations possible; conversely, it also leaves us with lots of broken links and data that will never be recovered.

Madrid, Spain
Physital
An amalgam of physical-digital: It is in the convergence of both physical and digital where the greatest opportunities came from for the movement to thrive. On the last ve panels, we have grouped evidence around ve different topics: of distributed politics, coming from an increased self-awareness of society. Real time social mediabeating the ltered and delayed traditional media. Extremely quick reactions onsite, triggered by online information: moving from one square to the other, (dis)assembling the campsites, avoiding certain streets or police lines. Spreading the movement to other cities and back, with very fast long-distance connections. participation in events with different formats; deciding the best place or route for gathering depending on police presence and other factors; taking collective decisions about the movement itself.

Post-action archive: big data, digital footprint

From the very beginning, the historical feeling of the movement made people aware of the importance of documenting it for the future. A physical archive was started in order to keep iers, banners, and other materials, but the most comprehensive collection is kept online, where contents are easy to search, copy, reuse, and link. The Internet, on the other hand, is not very reliable in terms of storage: the term data thanatology comes to mind when looking at broken links, deleted tweets, or missing images. Theres also a question of digital autonomy: is there public space in the Internet?

Urban open hardware

The methodology of the assembly includes a sociology of roles, a praxis for conviviality, and a spatial and cultural layout. Assembling is hard work; it is also hardware. An Infrastructures Commission takes responsibility for keeping and maintaining the necessary materials and equipment to be used in the assembly. The assembly-form depends on these materials. Thus, objects and devices such as audio systems, megaphones, long cable-extensions, or, simply, placards, highlighters, and markers, become crucial infrastructural equipment for an assemblys happening.

Communication and language for protest building a common sense

Common values and principles bring about a new common language. In physical assemblies, certain gestures are adopted to make mass communication easier. In social media, hashtags and keywords are adopted according to current and trending topics. A dening characteristic of the 15M movement is the importance given to consensus as a decisionmaking mechanism that relies heavily on communication. The digital trail allows analysis of the evolution of the language, tracking keywords, and even emotions.

Digital
The second part of the picture is understanding the behaviour of the movement in the digital realm: mainly the Internet, with its specic features like its high speed of communicationeven real time in some channels and its almost ubiquitous character and interlinked relations which stimulate the appearance of collective intelligence. This resulted in the perception of a surrounding crowd with a common sense, with similar values and purpose, making possible a critical mass and a sense of legitimationeven an empowered impulse to go out and join the demonstrations and the campsites. The traceability of digital media leaves us with a digital trail of data that makes many different analyses

Ubiquity, bridging distances, building awareness and support

Augmented events, broadcasted through video streaming, with many more people attending than would be possible in a physical square. The beginning

(Self) organization
Massive protest movements require an incredible amount of self-organization: organizing the campsite and demonstrations on-site with required safety and salubrity; calling for

[un]planning for protest

URBAN OPEN HARDWARE

DIGITAL

neo-municipalism

The protest needs hardware. A whole set of tools, equipment, materials, devices and the physical space itself become crucial for assemblies to happen.
PHYSICAL

Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida

Toret y @Datanalysis15m

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6
Figura 25: Anlisis multicapa. Capa fsica: la calle y capas digitales: Twitter, Mename, Facebook, Massmedia.

1. Organisation layout of Puerta del Sol during the protests. Unkown author. 2 & 4. Drawings about how Puerta del Sol was occupied by the spontaneous structures, by research group at ETSAM http://viveroiniciativasciudadanas.net/2011/07/26/sol/ 3 & 7. Inteligencias Colectivas - Sol 15M. Cubrir la plaza. Images of the physical occupation infrastructures http://www.inteligenciascolectivas.org/ 5. #acampada de Sol on May 24th, by @silvitou and @trecedejunio 6. Multilayer analysis, Physical layer (street) & digital layer (Twitter, Mename, Facebook, Massmedia) from study Technopolitics: The potential of connected multitudes by J. Toret and others in the DatAnalysis15M research group at IN3 - UOC

7. 2. 4. Algunos enjambres en el 15M.

7. 2. 4. 1. #BcnSinMiedo el 27 de mayo de 2011 en Plaza de Catalunya de Barcelona

UBIQUITY
DIGITAL

bridging distances

que en el ao 201161 entre 850.000 y 1.500.000 de personas estuvieron muy implicadas en el 15M (participando en asambleas, manifestaciones, y acampadas redes sociales); y que entre 6 y 8,5 millones participaron de alguna manera en sus actividades. y unos 34.000.000 (el 75%) mostraron simpata por el movimiento y sus Augmented events toel build an extended awareness. Real-time social media principales ideas, afirmando que tenan razn en motivo de sus protestas, de un beating the filtered and edited traditional media. Extremely quick reactions on site, triggered by online informatotal de 47.000.000 de la poblacin del pas. No tenemos datos de participacin en 62 2012 pero s de simpata: unas 30 millones afirmaron con el 15M. tion. Spreading the ,movement to other cities and back, withsimpatizar very fast long-distance connections.

PHYSICAL

1,5 M

4 Figura 17: Grfico de elaboracin propia combinando dados de las encuestas, que combinan personas muy activas (verde) que han logrado el apoyo de la poblacin.
Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

2
Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

Consideramos errneo reducir el 15M a sus componentes individualizados o Toret y @Datanalysis15m exclusivamente La a fase su de estructura organizada, ya sean asambleas locales en los explosin del 15M tambin va ligada a la narracin de los Figura 22: Red de difusin de la fase de globalizacin. Elaborada por Pablo Aragn acontecimientos que de se producen primera semana. Algunos de sean su parte barrios, comisiones, grupos trabajoeno lasu estructura digital,medios aunque La Tabla 3 muestra que en la fase de globalizacin del 15M, 17 de las 25 ms comunicacin de masas utilizan Twitter para enlazar las crnicas de los sucesos motora. Resulta equivocado 15Mel slo una de sus fases, las importantes segn PageRank corresponden a cuentas colectivas. De hecho, entre las acontecidos. No obstante, identificar algunos estudiosel comparan desfase con entre los contenidos 10 primeras cuentas todas son cuentas colectivas con la excepcin del medio de actualizados en las redes de auto-comunicacin de usuarios en Twitter y las portadas acampadas (por mucha importancia que stas hayan tenido). Tampoco puede comunicacin El Pas (@el pas). En la movilizacin mundial participan de manera de los medios de comunicacin de masas82. Por este motivo en los primeras conjunta el movimiento 15M (@democraciareal, @acampadasol, @Acampadabcn, reducirse al ncleo ms sino que ms bien tiene un carcter de un efecto posiciones de implicado, PageRank aparecen intercalados medios de comunicacin @democracynow, @Acampadaparis), el movimiento Occupyen su fase de explosin (@phumano, @el_pais, @la_informacion, @20m, @20mdirecto) e informadores de conjunto que atraviesa el cuerpo social del pas, al alcanzar la simpata de ms de (OccupyWallSt, @OccupySF, @OccupyWallStNYC, @OccupyLSX, individuales (@antoniofraguas, @JulioAlonso, @juanlusanchez, @GINER, 5 @Occupy_USA). @OccupyMELBOURNE, El listado tambin incluye otras cuentas 70% de la poblacin. Nuestra aproximacin trata de aferrarse a la complejidad y al @TaboadaLucia, @Rosental, @RodolfoIrago, @arsenioescolar) pertenecientes o no
colectivas (@takethesquare, @anonops, @MxTomaLaCalle, @revolution_info, @GlobalRevLive), algunas de ellas especficas para esta convocatoria (@15octobernet). La presencia de cuentas colectivas corrobora lo apuntado Al igual que en la fase de gestacin, los usuarios de la lucha por los derechos en Disponible en:http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/08/03/actualidad/1312388649_737959.html previamente en torno a la relevancia de perfiles annimos y compartidos en el 15M. Internet (@bufetalmeida, @edans, @earcos, @gallir) poseen un rol importante en la Consultado el 10/1/2012 red de difusin de contenidos en Twitter. 62 Disponible:http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/06/05/actualidad/1307231940_787459.html Finalmente, la red de la ltima fase hace incluye los retuits vinculados al 7.1.2.4. Consultado elglobalizacin 10/1/2012 est directamente vinculada a Aniversario aniversario de la primera manifestacin del 15M (Figura 23). La fase de la movilizacin mundial del 7.1.2.3. Fase a estos medios.
61

Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida

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Globalizacin del 15M

15 de octubre de 2011, secundada en 1051 ciudades de 90 pases83 (Figura 22)

87 IN3 Working Paper Series is a monograph series promoted by the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) of the UOC IN3 Working Paper Series (2013) | ISSN 2013-8644 | http://in3wps.uoc.edu

Figura 19: Red de difusin de la fase de gestacin. Elaborada por Pablo Aragn
Figura 21: Red de difusin de la fase de explosin. Elaborada por Pablo Aragn

Rey P. (2011). Superficie dedicada #15M en portadas y Twitter. http://numeroteca.org/2011/05/25/superficie-dedicada-15M-en-portadas-y-twitter/ 83 Movilizacin mundial del 15 de octubre de 2011 (Wikipedia) http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movilizaci%C3%B3n_mundial_del_15_de_octubre_de_2011

82

En 1. la #spanishrevolution Tabla 3 se observa la revista El Jueves (@eljueves) como nodo ms in Trendsmap 2. Snapshots of the Interacciones entre usuarios 15M video made by BIFI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5w4amBIHj4 3. Evolution of twitter activity during different phases of the debate: 1/ Gestation, 2/ Explo99 relevante segn PageRank. Su rol es similar al de otros nodos relevantes, como el 100 sion, 3/ Globalisation, 4/ Anniversary, by P. Aragn 4. Citizen involvement , from The potential of connected multitudes IN3 by J. Toret and others in promoted the DatAnalysis15M research at IN3 - UOC 5. Real-time video streamings Como se observa en study la Tabla Technopolitics: 3, el resultado ms evidente de esta transformacin Working Paper Series is a monograph series by the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) of the group UOC humorista Berto Romero (@berto_romero) que poseen popularidad en Twitter por su IN3 Working Paper Series is a monograph series promoted by the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) of the UOC IN3 Working Paper Series (2013) | ISSN 2013-8644 | http://in3wps.uoc.edu de la capa fsica en la red de difusin es la presencia de la cuenta de Acampada Sol recorded mobile 15M protests http://bambuser.com/channel/Urbanohumano actividad externa alwith 15M pero que phones expresaronduring su inters por la convocatoria de la IN3 Working Paper Series (2013) | ISSN 2013-8644 | http://in3wps.uoc.edu (@acampadasol) como la ms importante segn PageRank. Tambin aparece la manifestacin recibiendo un elevado volumen de retuits (Figura 2). cuenta de la Acampada de Barcelona (@Acampadabcn) en el listado. La segunda cuenta en importancia corresponde a la cuenta de la plataforma Democracia Real Ya! (@democraciareal).

COMMUNICATION
DIGITAL

List of 125 HT with more tweets

Common values and principles help a common language emerge. In physical assemblies, certain gestures are adopted to make mass communication easier, whereas in social media, hashtags and keywords are adopted according to the current and trending topics.
PHYSICAL

building a common sense

Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

!!!

4
Figura 14: Grfico que refleja una alta cohesin del vocabulario del 15M entre el 15 y 18 de Mayo.

1. & 6. Twitter hashtags breakdown from study Technopolitics: The potential of connected multitudes by J. Toret and others in the DatAnalysis15M research group at IN3 - UOC 2. #NoNosVamosNosEchan, young people exile website http://www.nonElaborado por scar Marn y outliers. La figura muestra un grafo de las bandadas de usuarios entre diferentes hashtags seleccionados th 15M en el 31 Marzo. Elaborado por scar Marn y outliers. Se puede Figura 13: Grfico vocabulario del osvamosnosechan.net/ 3. Official ICV-EUiA and CUP campaigns hashtags and other ones which had some influence on the ballot of elections. 4. 15M vocabulary cohesion between May 15th-18 , by O. Marn & outliers. 5. 15M vocabulary on March manualmente, como los oficiales de las campaas de ICV-EUiA y CUP (#itantsipodem y #hovolemtot) y st consultar 31 by O. Marn & outliers. 7. Graphic at abc.es about indignadoss gesture La language. http://goo.gl/M2koi temperatura del vocabulario hace referencia al ritmo con el que se crea unaqu http://assets.outliers.es/15mvocabulario/ otros que posiblemente tuvieron algn efecto en el resultado final de las elecciones (#14n, #CiUesTroika,
etc).

Una flecha de un hashtag otro indica que algunos usuarios del hashtag origen tambin participaron en el hashtag destino. A ms gruesa es la flecha, mayor es el porcentaje de usuarios del hashtag origen que participaron en el hashtag destino. Los

6.3.2. Alta temperatura en

lenguaje. As, en un perodo en el que circulan memes y mensajes con conceptos muy novedosos respecto al perodo anterior, se obtienen unas temperaturas lxicas

(SELF)ORGANIZATION
DIGITAL

Massive protest movements require an incredible amount of selforganization. The campsites and demonstrations on-site require safety and salubrity for everyone participating. Collective decisions have to be constantly made to guarantee the groups well-being.
PHYSICAL

data and actions

!!!
2 4 6

1. Vacaciones en Madrid (sic), Google Map to prevent police charges in a peaceful demonstration. 2. Abretuwifi 12m15m, WIFI connection points during the protests in Puerta del Sol, GeoCommons 3. Digital tool to enable groups of people to interrupt Bankias activity by saturating offices http://toqueabankia.net 4. Casastristes.org Visualization tools for decent housing 5. Ikimap.com Map of the protest camping sites 6. #15Mpedia Lista de las asambleas, List of assemblies during 15M 7. Twittmetro de votaciones, #yeswecamp; Decision making through Twitter tool by Platoniq

POST-EVENTS ARCHIVE
DIGITAL

footprint and evidence

Documenting the movement for the future is crucial for creating historical consciousness. Digital visualization tells us interlinked stories of those who lived through the events. Thus, information feeds the complexity of territorial identity.
PHYSICAL

4
Tecnopoltica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la poltica distribuida
Toret y @Datanalysis15m

!!!
2

Figura 18: Grfico de Topsy con las fases del 15M y sus momentos de ms actividad. Nos permite mostrar 1. Cuntas personas caben en Neptuno - Plaza de las cortes? Capacity analysis of a specific public space in Madrid by O. Galvez 2. Collaborative database of different materials about 15M http://bancodeideas.15m.cc 3. Evictions list, #15Mpedia las fases (dentro del periodo de estudio), antecedentes, explosin, latencia, globalizacin y evolucin. 4. 15M in the newspapers; Presence of 15M in front pages in different media by @numeroteca 5. #nolesvotes, Corruptdromo Spanish platform exposing political corruption 6. Physical archive of objects and elements from the protest: http://archivosol15m.wordpress.com/ 7. Topsy graph with 15M phases and moments of more activity. Phases, background, bang, latency, globalization and Elaborado evolution can be a displayed (within the study period) CC by J. Toret and J. Linares junto Joan Linares

7.0.5.

Creemos importante entender el sistema red 15M como sistema complejo y emergente (Stevenson, 2001). La combinacin entre caos autorganizado y orden en