Unpublished finds from Hohentwiel in Hegau

Christoph Mnchberg

Abstract already unpublish finds like e. g. pumic rock or glas, new structures like e. g. Shatter cones, planar clefts of Lapilli and Phonolith, mirror symmetry of a phonolitic ball and shocked quartz confirm a hard explosion on the Hohentwiel. he outcome of this is a crater at half height. Landslides across the crater, wall in the crater !, scaled faults in S, e"ected masses in S# identify the crater. Shatter $ones forms at pressures of %&'( )Pa *+rench and ,oeberl %((-.

/ $ontent...................................................................................................................................... % /

% 0ntroduction................................................................................................................................ % ' 1etermining the tuffs age........................................................................................................... ' 2 3nknown mapping units...........................................................................................' 4 +ield obser5ation around the phonolith dome............................................................................' 6 3nknown samples from the Hohentwiel area...........................................................2 6./. )eochemical unresearched types of rock.........................................................2 6.%. +rom the tuff....................................................................................................................... 4 6.'. Phonolites.......................................................................................................................... 6 6.'./ 7xtraordinary groo5e structures.......................................................................................8 6.'.% Slickensides..................................................................................................................... 8 8 $lea5ages.................................................................................................................................. 8 9 :icroscopic obser5ations.........................................................................................- 0nterpretation........................................................................................................./( /( 0mages.................................................................................................................// ;cknowledgement................................................................................................/' Literature............................................................................................................./'

2 Introduction he <olcanic Pro5ince Hegau stretches across the Swabian ;lps= southern rim, north&west of Lake $onstance. 0ts oldest and most common type of 5olcanic rock is tuff, which predominantly fell down in form of ash plumes around /2 million years ago. he intrusion of phonilite into the tuff *fractioned melilite. began around 9 million years ago at the Hohentwiel, the most distincti5e of the Hegau=s hills. 0ts phonolite 5ent measures 2((m in diameter and has a great geochemical and structural 5ariety. Hohentwiel=s natrolite distinguishes itself from all other natrolites with its red and yellow stripes. he Hohentwiel&area probably has the greatest 5ariety of rock types in the whole of )ermany. 0f no other source is gi5en, all following finds were secured during exca5ation works at the ele5ated water tank of wielfeld in /--4, in the years around %((( on the domain, at the bottom of hill 7, at the >lgaberg and from other areas of the Hohentwiel.

3 Determining the tuff's age 0n %(/(, 1r. Paul 5an den ?ogaard *,iel. took measurements of a hornblende which was taken from lapillistone in the tuff . his is what he told me@ ;nalysing this (./4 mg *sample of hornblende. with the incrementing&temperature method re5ealed small yet useful signals from all ;rgon isotopes, and an incrementing&temperature range of age *Stufenheizungs&;ltersspektrum. with a plateau&age of //.- AB& (.4 :a *%Sigma error including (.'C D&errorE mean square weighted de5iates F /.- E Probability F (.//E temperature increments 2 to 9 from /9.'-;r F 86C.. ;ccording to this, Hohentwiel is around //.- years old.

4 Un nown mapping units here is a ca %44G sweeping disturbance, crater, the wall of the crater. >ne aerial image shows potential scaled fractures in the southern wall of the crater, sliding surfaces around the entire crater, and e"ected masses in the south&west part. he middle of the crater, named domain, has laminar maritime sediments, moor and sinter at its northern rim. Se5eral times alien soil has been applied to the fields of the domain and punctually at the #iderholtweg at the crater=s rim. ! "ield obser#ations around the phonolite dome he phonolite&dome has a distincti5e indentation in the north and a less distincti5e bulge in the south, also caused by blasting operations *see image nr. /.. ?oth at the indentation and at the bulge you can find the longest, most constant slopes of the Hohentwiel. ; fallen rock in the north&east has parallel, regulated sanidines rectangular to the cre5ices. ?ecause these cre5ices don=t distinguish themsel5es from the often occuring 5ertical cooling&cre5ices, sanidines at this part should ha5e run from indentation to bulge. he phonolites can be per5aded by green or black glass&like bands. 0n the north&west there=s a light&grey old phonolite, surrounded by younger phonolites. he age&order of the natrolites is as follows@ first white natrolite formed, later yellow natrolite, in the end again white natrolite. ; yellow streak of natrolite *typ locality. crosses a white streak of natrolite. #ithin one streak the yellow natrolite ha5e preference for one side of the cre5ice. #hen frost&burst occurs, it often breaks exactly at the red initial growth points. ;t the >lgaberg, the tuff in direct 5icinity of the phonolite is loosest and gains density o5er /(( m of distance.

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0mage nr. / Hohentwiel

6. 3nknown sampels from the Hohentwiel area

6./ )eochemical unresearched types of rock &pumicestone with white striae &5arious droplets of glass &a 69g piece of green, 5ery dense glass with red discolourations and pores. !ote from 1r. 5an den ?ogaard *0+:&)7>:;H ,iel, %((8.@ he material has practically no potassium and no calcium. 2(;rB'6;r& ratios around %-4.4 &green glass with no 5isible inclusions &green phonolite with /mm spherulitees *I from the #Jrm&moraine, plain of Singen. &black, cloddily fritted rock and glowing&red rock &phonolite *Schreiner /--%. and melted tuff, mixed with green, glass&like phonolite along with light slickensides, can also be found at the eastern of Hohenstoffel&.

6.% +rom the tuff &;ctinolite in the tuff *microprobe measurement by 1r. heye, 0nstitut fJr :ineralogie Stuttgart, %((8. &accretionary lapillistone &lapillistone with a fine glass coating &foamed, white, powdery rock &bent, black clay shaleE bent sandstone &some potential shatter cones in the limestone, partially hidden by fall&back brecciaE therein se5eral 5ague, tapering triangles &a potential shatter cone in the limestone *Prof. 5on 7ngelhardt.,*see image nr %., whose structure seems to be incised deep into the rock with a sudden change of direction and that features a slight conca5e cur5ature &a (,42( kg, /%cm piece of ferreous rock, ad"oining a piece of sinter &obser5ation of a brecciated, '(cm piece of "urassic lime &se5eral lake limestone

0mage nr. % Shatter $one in limstone

$%3 &honolites &Phonolites with disturbances at cm&le5el &brown phonolite ball with primary, reddish nephilinen. his might ha5e been rounded without rotation in flight directionE its opposite side features cracking clea5ages. &phonolites with the same brown basic mass, that are partially melted green. his partially green melted area ha5e yellow natrolite. &Part of gas bubble containing a ball of phonolite */'cm x - cm. with two rectangular planes of symmetry. he third plane of symmetry must ha5e existed. he frequency distrubution of the gas bubble is seem to trace the planes of symmetry. & // kg hea5y phonolite withe a crust of gas bubbles *(,'&/cm.. &phonolite that features droplet&sized palingeneses of indeterminable thickness on freshly fractured areas 6

&around /( phonolitic glasses with spherulites of 5arying sizes and 5arious positionsE the spherulites are at times surrounded by natrolite. Spherulitic glasses also formed unter preser5ation of the original pore&rich outer surface. #ithout fresh fractured areas, these glasses can not be recognized. &freshly fallen phonolites with superficial ferruginous crust.

6.'./ 7xtraordinary groo5e structures &extraordinary, (.8mm long mineral in the phonolite with 2 superficial groo5es, consists of Si, ;l, ,, $a and a tiny bit of !a SiB;l. &0t might be $habasit *microprobe analysis by 1r. heye, %((8. &a piece of idiomorphic '.4cm long sanidine with high percentage of ?arium also features groo5es, deeply incised into the material, besides crystalised areas. & he determination of the mineral was conducted by :r. +robel by means of H+; analysis *Hohenheim, %((4. &pore&rich phonolites that occasionally ha5e deep and tempering groo5es. &phonolite to pick and in situ show in # wa5e&ripple&like structure.

6.'.% Slickensides here are light, smooth, con5ex, green melted Harnisch areas, as well green melted, but plain Harnisch areas with distinct striae and also glacial striae.

6.'.'. $lea5ages ;ll collected lapilies, with a total weight of 6 kg and a size of (,4 K ' cm, do not show any clea5age. ;n exception are three planar broken lapilies, among a one&sided, razorsharp planar disc from the outermost edge of a lapillistone. wo grey phonolites, 2(cm and %4cm long, are per5aded by estimated %4 and /( planar cre5icesE in both cases, the longitudinal directions of the regulated sanidine are cut 5ertically. 0n one case also the fluidal structure is cut 5erticaly. &certainly determinable, con5ex shatter cone. ;t its longest it measures '4 x /8 cm. ; second shatter cone area, lying parallel underneath, is open at ' x /( cm. ?oth areas of shatter cone lightly tower abo5e their neighbouring areas of fracture. ;pparently, the glassy reaction area

*)ibson and Spray /--8. with light gray spherulithe on top of the shatter cone has stabilized its surface *see image nr. '.. Sperulithe are only 5isible on the surface of the shatter cone layer. &se5eral shatter cones. 7.g. a cone fragment features se5eral 5ery fine and 5arious equal sided consecuti5e rough lines. &>pen, planar cre5ice&areas leading to an inclusion in a /'g, red&brown phonoliteE colours according to :unsell=s colour table@ 8,4 H 'B'E 8,4 H 'B2. he glowing red inclusions@ 8,4 H 2B9. &se5eral instances of claystone that collapsed into planar discs, solidified by intermediate tuff. 0n the # phonolitic flank, a sharp boundary di5ides 5ertical cooling&cre5ices and traced cre5ices of the floor of the northern slope. he cre5ices of the floor might be explained as the result of an impact *Prof. 5on 7ngelhardt.. hey can be traced to the outer bailey in S#, but not to the tuff of the >lgaberg. $re5ice@ SchJtzenweg@ %94B64, /44B'4, 2(B84, 64B84, 8(B94 High&le5el watertank wiefeld@ %%4B84, %'(B-( ?elow the Hondell ;ugusta twisted cre5ices attract attention. ?oth the phonolite in the !# and phonolitic rubblestone from the surroundings along with breccia feature deeply incised cre5ices, shaped like feathers. hese feather&cre5ice areas are always positioned with similar orientation to the parallel sanidines and perpenticular to the planar cre5ice&areas of the red or grey phonolite. 1ark fragments of rock with remarkable red crust are both bent&broken and feature sharp edges. +oam and Lapilli of phonolith coexist at the !# phonolith face together with /( cm long 5eins of 1eckentuff in Phonolith. :ixed rock, consisting of tuff and phonolite, can be read as breccia or as streaks filled with tuff within the phonolite of the !# of the phonolite&bulge, as well as /(( m and more.

0mage nr. ' Shatter $one in phonlite ' Microscopic obser#ations &Planar deformation features in quartz *1r. homas Pletsch ?)H Hanno5er., which exist in multiple sets *Prof. 7rnstson, #Jrzburg.. his multiple sets of planar deformation featurers 5erify an impact *+rench and ,oeberl %((-.. & he distance between the planar deformation features in quartz and calcite is (,((/ mm. &Se5eral remarkably thin, parallel, planar lines *elementsL. in a quartz from a phonolite&inclusion and potassium feldspar from the tuff&inclusion. +eldspar show glassy fractures. &Hed clay in the phonolite are shattered into countless fragments. &Sanidines are broken up to four times in length, some sanidines from Hohenstoffel are broken e5en more often.

9. 0nterpretation

$ontrary to all assumptions in specialist literature so far, according to which the phonolitic melt has not reached the 7arth=s surface, these new findings seem to pro5e otherwise. ;s keen as a razor cut Lapillis, also planar clefts in phonolith are 5ery rare and therefore orginate ba an explosion. ;nother explenation for the generation of these planar clea5ages would yield less planar clea5age that would be easy to find. he foam of phonolite is not explained by degassing. 0n this case the 5eins of tuff would be destroyed. his is what might ha5e happened@ #ith a short and 5ery intense explosion, possibly an impact, pumice rock emerged from the gas& rich magmaE and from the already crystalised rim the three phonolites with planar fractures along with the shatter cones emerged. )rey lapillistones went up a first and a second time. Simultaneously sanidines flowed inside the dome southwards or escaped to air. ;ccretionary lapillistones and ablated sanidines with 5isible clea5age landed in the same area. #hite powder in the tuff can be interpreted as 5aporized limestones. he highle5el of rotation 5elocity of the ball of phonolite lead to the emergence of planes of symmetry. <olcanic bombs possess, on the contrary to this bomb on image nr. 2, no exact planes of symmetry.+uture research is needed to take the extent of symmetry as an identification of meteorite impact structurers. hese explosions can explain all these new types of rocks like lake limstone, light slickensides, black streaks of possible pseudotachylite, landslides, e"ection mass, structures, age&relations of the natrolites and the actinolite&deposits.

0mage nr. 2 ?all of phonolite /(

// 0mages

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+rom left to the right@ !atrolite B Phonolite foam and tuff B Spherulites with natrolite Shatter $one B Hed phonolite B Shatter $one Phonolitetrop B $rater B Pseudotachylit Planar cre5ices B $re5ices B )lassy rocks Phonolitelapilli B )lass B Phonolite ball Planar lapillus und pumicestone B Planar cre5ices B ?ent clayrock, sandstone Possibly mix of magma B Phonolithlapilli B 0rony rock Spherulites of shatter cone surface of image nr. ' B chocked quartz shows multiple planar fractures with factor /(((, crossed polarising filter

;cknowledgement
hanks to +irma ;bele, ;alen, who prepared some fine cuts free of cost. hanks also to Prof. ;. Schreiner, +reiburg, Prof. 5on 7ngelhardt, Jbingen Prof. #Mrner, )Mttingen and Prof. 7rnstson, #Jrzburg for a long con5ersation in /--4, %((/ und %(/2 about 5olcanism and possibility of an /%

impact at the Hohentwiel. hanks to 1r. heye, Stuttgart who conducted microprobe&analysis in %((8 and %(/( and helped with the preparation of glasses and red lapillistones, as well to Prof. 7ngelhardt for microprobe analyses. hanks to :r. +robel, Hohenheim for H+; analyses in %((4 and 1r. 5an den ?ogaard, ,iel for age determination in %((8 and %(/(. (iteratur +raas, >.*/98-.@ ;tlassblatt Hohentwiel. & ?egleitworte geognost. Specialkarte #Jrttemb. /@ 4((((, /' S. E Stuttgart. +rench,?. :., ,oeberl, $,. *%((-. he con5incing identification of terrestrial meteorite impact structures@ #hat works, what doesnNt, and why. 7arth&Science He5iews S. /'2. )ibson H. :., Spray D. ). */--8. Shock&induced melting and 5aporization of shatter cone surfaces@ 75idence from the Sudbury impact structure. :eteoritics O Planetary Science '', '%-& ''6. Schreiner, ;. */--%. 7rlPuterungen zu ?latt Hegau und westl. ?odensee. Published by )eologisches Landesamt ?aden&#Jrttemberg, p. 99

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